Transport development. Transport system - what is it? Development of the Russian transport system

Relevance of the research topic. Transport is one of the most important elements of the social infrastructure of a metropolis. Urban passenger transport is one of the life support sectors of the city; both the work of the economic complex and the lifestyle of the population depend on its functioning. In recent years, the socio-economic crisis has affected the work of urban passenger transport (UPT), resulting in a decrease in funding for the industry, a decrease in the volume and quality of passenger transportation, and a significant reduction in rolling stock. All this has led to the fact that the development of urban transport significantly lags behind the population’s needs for movement, which causes socio-economic problems and negatively affects the work of other sectors of the city’s economy.

The greatest demand for transport movements is formed in cities with a population of more than 1 million people. Currently, 13 Russian cities have a population of more than 1 million people. Of those living in Russian cities, 107.3 million people. (73% of the total population of the country), about 60% regularly use urban passenger transport1.

It is in the largest cities that transport problems are especially acute. The functioning of passenger transport largely determines the socio-economic potential of the metropolis and, through the factor of transport accessibility, influences the formation of prices in the real estate market and helps to increase economic activity, therefore the formation of a city order system for transport services to the population is one of the priority tasks of city administrations.

Currently, all types of urban transport in Moscow transport about 8200.6 billion passengers per year, 89% of whom use the four main types of public transport

1 Transport in Russia: Statistical collection. - M., 2005. - P. 12. 3 metro - 29.6%, bus - 24%, tram - 20.8%), trolleybus -15.1%>). Passenger vehicles transport 10% of the total number of passengers. A small part of transportation (about 1%) is carried out by rail and river transport within the city1.

With the reduction in the volume of social transportation by surface urban transport, where passengers are given the right to free and discounted travel, commercial bus transportation is actively developing, satisfying the solvency of the population for transport services of lower quality. Currently, the city has 544 bus routes, 85 trolleybuses, 38 trams, which serve 7,700 units. Commercial carriers operate 871 routes, the total rolling stock fleet is 5.3 thousand units.

However, the problems of passenger transport are far from being effectively resolved. The reasons for the lag remain insurmountable. These include:

1. the gap between the development of the passenger transport system and the potential needs of the population for movement; deterioration in the quality of transport services (the occupancy of the rolling stock is growing, the intervals of ground transport are increasing to 15-20 minutes during peak hours, the time spent on work movements of 60% of the city's population reaches 2.5-3 hours instead of the standard 80-90 minutes per day , which causes significant transport fatigue);

2. inconsistency in the work of various modes of transport in providing passenger transportation;

3. backwardness of the material and technical base, excessive wear and tear of rolling stock, insufficient carrying and throughput capacity of passenger transport (currently, a significant part of the rolling stock has exhausted its service life: 47% of tram cars have a service life of more than 10 years; 40% of trolleybuses have a service life of 5

1 Transport in Russia: Statistical collection. - M., 2005. - P. 10. 4 to 10 years; 46% of subway cars have a service life of over 20 years; 57% of the bus fleet has a service life of over 6 years. Due to a lack of budget funding, the purchase of new rolling stock does not allow replacing the outdated fleet of vehicles);

4. subsidization of urban passenger transport (only 55% of current expenses are provided through the collection of travel fees), insufficient amounts of budget funding to cover losses from the transportation of preferential categories of passengers.

Thus, the problem as a whole and its individual aspects create instability in the social mood of the residents of the metropolis and reduce the rhythm of its life.

The transport system of a metropolis is one of the most important subsystems of social infrastructure, and the management of its development will fully determine the solution of Moscow’s strategic tasks. Balanced and harmonious development of the city is possible only with maximum efficiency in using its labor potential. To achieve sustainable well-being of urban social groups, rapid development of passenger transport is necessary.

The factors determining the requirements for passenger transport in Moscow are:

Social demands of the population;

Compensation for the territorial gap between the production area and residential areas of metropolitan areas;

Significant daily flow of labor and population from the suburbs; transit flow of passengers through the city;

Active housing construction on the periphery of the city;

Planned growth of the city's enterprises.

Conditions of transport services are also one of the indicators of quality of life that affects its duration. To solve Moscow's transport problems, the activities of government bodies, institutions and organizations in the development and implementation of transport policy are of particular importance. The current modern economic conditions require the most complete and high-quality provision of the population's needs for passenger transportation, aimed at achieving the stable functioning of the public transportation system, its safety and efficiency.

The degree of scientific development of the problem. The study of the city's social infrastructure has a long tradition. Already M. Weber, E. Durkheim, G. Simmel, considering the economic, social and psychological problems of urban growth, analyzed the demographic aspects and moral health of citizens1.

Domestic sociologists have made a significant contribution to the development of social infrastructure problems. Various aspects of the influence of material elements on the effective activities of different social groups of the population were analyzed in the works of scientists involved in the problems of social planning, management and forecasting: V.G. Afanasyev, I.V. Bestuzhev-Lada, M.V. Borshchevsky, A. A. Burtnieksa, N. A. Denisova, V. N. Kovalev, L. A. Kovalenko, L. N. Kogan, A. V. Kostinsky, N. V. Kuksanova, V. L. Kurakov, N. I. .Lapina, V.S.Lukina, G.I.Osadchey, Zh.T.Toshchenko, S.F.Frolova, O.V.Yuferova.2

At the same time, there are many unexplored aspects in the structuring of the city’s social infrastructure, among which it should be noted

1 Weber M. The growth of cities in the 19th century. - St. Petersburg, 1903; Simmel G. Big cities and spiritual life // Big cities, their social, political and economic significance. - St. Petersburg, 1905.

2 Afanasyev V.G. Society: consistency, cognition and management. - M., 1981; Bestuzhev-Lada I.V. Predictive justification for social innovations. - M., 1993; Bestuzhev-Lada I.V. Social forecasting: Course of lectures. - M., 2001; Burtnieks A.A. Social infrastructure planning. -Riga, 1983; Denisov N.A. Social infrastructure of Russia: state, problems and ways of development. - M., 1988; Kovalev V.N. Sociology of social sphere management. - M., 2003; Kovalenko L.A. Planning of social infrastructure of the region (based on materials from the Murmansk region). - L., 1989; Kostinsky A.V. Planning for the comprehensive development of social infrastructure in the regions. - Kyiv, 1989; Kuksanova N.V. Social infrastructure of Siberia. - Novosibirsk, 1993; Kurakov V.A. Resource provision for the social sphere. - M., 1999; Kurakov V.L. Strategic planning for the development of the social sphere: methodology and concept for increasing the effectiveness of its structural components. - St. Petersburg, 2002; Lapin N.I. Theory and practice of social planning - M., 1975; Lukin B.S. Regional planning of social infrastructure. - M., 1986; Osadchaya G.I. Sociology of the social sphere. - M., 1999; Osadchaya G.I. Social sphere of society: theory and methodology of sociological analysis. - M., 1996; Toshchenko Zh.T. Social infrastructure and development paths. - M.: Mysl, 1980; Yuferov O.V. Social infrastructure planning: a sociological approach. -M, 1990. weak management system in the organization of urban passenger transport.

The transport system as a way to overcome space and the most important type of social infrastructure of the city has not yet received proper coverage.

The economic essence of the transport system occupies a more voluminous place; its role in social reproduction is reflected in the works of K. Marx, W. Eucken, J. M. Keynes1. Recently, the problems of transport infrastructure have been embodied in specialized literature and periodicals, in the works of scientific practitioners (F.F. Rybakov, O.S. Belokrylova, etc.), where priority is given to technical aspects.

The study of the spatial aspect of social systems has been the subject of attention of some domestic and foreign researchers. The observation of the connection between economics, history and geographical space can be found among a variety of scientists of the 19th - 20th centuries. in a wide range from Friedrich List (“autarky of large spaces”) to Fernand Braudel (“world-economies”) and Immanuel Wallerstein (“world-system approach”)3. A significant contribution to the study of these issues was made by Russian sociologists and economists of the past - M.I. Tugan-Baranovsky, V.I. Lenin, N.D. Kondratyev4, modern Russian researchers - A.A. Illarionov, V.A. Osipov, Yu.M. Osipov et al.5; outstanding foreign scientists - M. Weber,

1 Marx K. Capital // Marx K., Engels F. Soch. 2nd ed. T.23-25; Oyken V. Fundamentals of national economics.-M.: Economics, 1996; Keynes J.M. General theory of employment, interest and money // Anthology of economic classics. T. 2.- M., 1993.

2Rybakov F.F. North-West of Russia: problems of socio-economic development//Economic science: problems of theory and methodology. St. Petersburg, 2002; Belokrylova O.S. Theory of transition economy. Rostov-on-Don; "Phoenix", 2002.

3 List F. Das nationale System der politiscen Okoromie - Bruges.1968; Braudel F Material civilization, economics and capitalism. XV - XIII centuries. In 3 T. - M.: Progress, 1982-1992; Vaiperstein I. The end of the familiar world: Sociology of the XXI century. - M.: Logos, 2003.

4 Lenin V.I. Development of capitalism in Russia / Collection. Op. v.3; aka Imperialism as the highest stage of capitalism // Poly. Collection Op. v. 16; Kondratyev N.D. Selected works M.: Economics, 1993; Tugan-Baranovsky M.I. Periodic industrial crises. History of English crises. General theory of crises. - M, 1923.

5 Osipov Yu.M. The time of economic philosophy. M.: Economy, 2003; Osipov Yu.M. Economic Theory.-M., 1998.

F. Hayek, R. Coase and others1. Their works reflected methodological problems of spatial development of socio-economic systems, individual issues of their structural organization in relation to the conditions of market and other ways of organizing economic life.

Some problems of the development of urban spatial systems were considered in the works of V.A. Chulanova, O.V. Bondarenko and others.

In Russian science, the problems of the city and urbanization began to be considered at the beginning of the 20th century. So, N.P. Antsiferov proposed an integrated approach to understanding the city as a single social organism3. Issues of urban planning and development were dealt with by J1.A. Velikhov, E.O. Cabo, N.A. Milyutin, V. Mikheev, M.A. Okhitovich, S.T. Strumilin, D.S. Samoilov and others. In domestic sociological science, the most actively developed problems of overcoming differences between city and countryside, comprehensive planning of economic and social development of cities (N.A. Aitov, N.N. Baykov, A.G. Lazarev, S.I. Semin , Zh.T.Toshchenko, O.I.Shkaratan, etc.). The most promising and necessary for the development of urban sociology seems to be the direction of an integrated and systematic approach to the study of the process of urbanization and city problems (N.A. Aitov, A.S. Akhlezer, A.V. Dmitriev, L.A. Zelenov, V.M. Zuev, F.S. Faizullin, O.N. Yanitsky, etc.). The study of social problems is devoted to works that reveal the conditions and factors of urban lifestyle, characteristics of the level of satisfaction of needs and interests, changes in the daily activities of citizens (M. Bokiy, L. Shapiro, Y. Kirillov; T. M. Karakhanova, A. A. Neshchadin , N.I. Gorin, V.D. Patrushev, V.V. Khmelev)4.

1 Weber M. Protestant ethics and the spirit of capitalism. - Ivano-Frankivsk: East View, 2002; Hayek F. Cognition, competition, freedom. St. Petersburg: Pneuma, 1999; Hayek F. Pernicious arrogance. - M.: News, 1992.

2 Chulanov V.A., Bondarenko O.V. and others. Sociology and ecology of cities and urban planning. - Rostov n/D.: Pegasus Publishing House, 1997; Chulanov V.A., Kamynin I.I. and others. Problems of modern society (lectures on sociology). - Rostov n/d.: publishing house RGTTU, 1996;

3 See: Antsiferov N.P. Ways to study the city as a social organism. Experience of an integrated approach, - L., 1926.

4 Bokiy M., Shapiro L., Kirillov Y. Surveys in the city and for the city - Obninsk, 2002; Dmitriev A.V. USSR

USA: social development in cities (Experience of comparative analysis). - L., 1981; Green J1.A. Sociology of the city. - M., 2000; Lifestyle of townspeople in objective and subjective indicators / Responsible. ed.

T.M. Karakhanova. - M., 2002; A. Neshchadin, N. Gorin The city phenomenon: socio-economic analysis. 8

The city is a social unit of society that covers all stages of human life1. It is the city, taken as a whole, that forms the material basis for personal development. If a person spends a certain time in production and only at working age - on average from 18 to 60 years, then the city serves him all his life - from the maternity hospital to the cemetery2.

Integrated and systematic approaches have gained great popularity in domestic sociology, based on the opportunity they provide for the widest coverage and in-depth knowledge of the essence of social phenomena. However, the declaration of these approaches does not guarantee their presence in the study. This deficiency was contained in many works on the study of the city, its social planning, image, and life of the urban population. Some of them did not take into account the objective conditions for the functioning of both the city and its social infrastructure. The main attention was paid to quantitative indicators of urban development, which form the basis for shaping the lifestyle of citizens. At the present stage of development, there is a noticeable tendency towards revealing the role of the “human” factor. In particular, within the framework of the concepts of social planning, there is talk of moving from normative planning to “need-prognostic” planning, when the construction of social infrastructure facilities will be planned not on the basis of abstract norms, but on the direct needs of the urban population, determined by socio-territorial and cultural and historical conditions.

Some concepts within urban sociology refer to terminology directly related to lifestyle: “environmental quality”, “standard of living”, “lifestyle”.

M., 2001; Patrushev V.D. The life of a city dweller - M., 2001; Patrushev V., Karakhanova T., Kushnareva O. Time of residents of Moscow and the Moscow region // SOCIS. - 1992. - No. 6; Fayzulin F. Sociological problems of the city. - Saratov, 1981; Yanitsky O. Urbanization and social contradictions of capitalism. - M., 1975; Khmelev V.V. The true guidelines of the social institution of service in the conditions of Russian society. - M., 1999.

1 See: Toshchenko Zh.T. Social infrastructure: essence and development paths, M., 1980.-P.65.

2 See: Aitov N.A. Problems of planning the social development of cities, - M., 1971.-P.35. 9

Thus, at the intersection of two directions in sociological science - urban sociology and lifestyle sociology - an environment has been formed that is conducive to solving issues of interdependence of the city’s social infrastructure and the lifestyle of citizens.

However, the problem of the relationship between the needs of citizens and the state of the city’s social infrastructure remains open. The study requires the disclosure of mutual connections between such phenomena as the lifestyle of the urban population and the state of the city’s social infrastructure.

In the 90s of the 20th century, based on the interaction of economics and political science, geopolitics arose - a direction of social sciences, the subject of which includes various aspects that combine into a single complex issues of history, economic geography, modern world economy, conflictology, theory of control systems (A. Dugin , A.I. Neklessa, etc.),1 which, one way or another, also affect the problems of transport infrastructure. Works on the problems of globalization also belong to this class of problems: the transition to the post-industrial era (D. Bell, J. Galbraith, V. Inozemtsev, M.L. Sastels, JI. Typoy, etc.), economic and social aspects of globalization (T Faminsky, A. l

Fedotov, A. Shanin, G. Martin, A. Neklessa, V. Obolensky, etc.).

The spatio-temporal positions of social actors, as playing a significant role and influencing the results of their activities, were proposed to be placed at the center of sociological analysis by the American sociologist E. Giddens. This offer is in

1 Dugin A. Fundamentals of geopolitics. Geopolitical future of Russia. Think in Space. - M.: “ARKTOGEYA-center”, 2000; Neklessa A.I. Global Community: Cartography of the Postmodern World. -M., 2002.

2 Bell D. The Coming Post-Industrial Society. Experience in social forecasting. - M.: Academia, 1999; Castells M. Information era: economics, society and culture. - M.: GU VES, 2000; Thurow L. The Future of Capitalism. How today's economic forces shape tomorrow's world. - Novosibirsk, 1999; Inozemtsev V.L. Outside the economic society. M.: “Academia” - “Science”, 1988; Faminsky T. Economic globalization: basis, components, contradictions, challenges for Russia //REZh.-2000.- No. 10; Fedotov A.G. Global studies: the beginnings of the science of the modern world. - M., 2002; Shanin A.S. Localization as a product of globalization // Social and humanitarian knowledge. - 2003. - No. 3; Martin G.P., Schumann X. Western globalization: an attack on prosperity and democracy. - M.: Publishing House "ALYTINA", 2001; Neklessa A.I. Fourth Rome. Global thinking and strategic planning in the last third of the 20th century // Russian Strategic Studies, T. M., 2002; Obolensky V. Globalization of the world economy and Russia // World Economy and International Relations. - 2001. - No. 12. sociology seems innovative and can be applied in the analysis of the social nature and characteristics of the transport system1. Due to insufficient knowledge of this problem, its scientific and practical significance, it is of significant research interest.

The above provisions determined the choice of the topic of the dissertation research, and also determined its purpose and objectives.

The goal is to study and analyze the state and prospects for the development of the passenger transport system as the most important element of the city’s social infrastructure; development of recommendations for improving management aimed at meeting the needs of the population for transport services.

Conduct an analysis and generalization of the main modern approaches to the study of the social infrastructure of the city, highlight the specifics of the sociological approach to the study of urban infrastructure;

Analyze the role of public passenger transport in the life support of the city;

Analyze the state and prospects for the development of services in the transport services market for the population;

Analyze the significance of consumer characteristics of transport services for passengers;

Develop criteria for market segmentation and segmentation analysis of transport services according to selected criteria;

Research trends in the development of the transport system in the metropolis;

1 Giddens A. The Class structure of the advanced Societies. L., 1973; GiddensA. New rules of sociological method.L.1976; Giddens A. Central problems social theory. - L., 1979; Giddens A. The Constitution of Society. Berkeley, 1984; Giddens A. Sociology. Cambridge, 1989.

The goal is to study and analyze the state and prospects for the development of the passenger transport system as the most important element of the city’s social infrastructure in modern conditions; development of recommendations for improving management aimed at meeting the needs of the population for transport services.

Conduct an analysis and generalization of the main approaches to the study of the social infrastructure of the city, highlight the specifics of the sociological approach to the study of urban infrastructure;

Analyze the state, problems and prospects for the development of the market for transport services to the population;

Identify the importance of consumer characteristics of transport services for passengers; summarize and clarify market segmentation criteria and segmentation analysis of transport services according to selected criteria;

To develop a multifactorial model of consumers’ choice of services of different modes of transport.

The object of the study is the urban passenger transport system as the most important element of the social infrastructure of the metropolis.

The subject of the study is the development of the city's passenger transport system based on studying the level of population satisfaction with its services and the process of segmentation of the transport market in Moscow.

The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of general, economic sociology, sociology of management and sociology of the city, and also served as concepts, theories and approaches that allow us to study social processes in the city:

Theory of social management and sociology of management (V.G.

Afanasyev, Yu.I. Averin, N.M. Baykov, G.I. Gribanova, V.N. Ivanov, V.D. Patrushev, V.A. Sologub, Zh.T. Toshchenko and others);

Integrated sociological approach (G.S. Batygin, Yu.E. Volkov, )f E.N. Ozhiganov, M.N. Rubkevich and others).

Empirical basis of the study.

The analysis of the passenger transport system was carried out on the basis of empirical data, which can be divided into four groups.

The main group includes materials from sociological studies at the international, all-Union and municipal levels, conducted in the 80-90s. XX century, as well as at the beginning of the XXI century. The most significant of them are the following:

1 gr. an international study devoted to issues ® of transport organization and quality of services. The measurements were carried out in

1998,1999,2000,2002 (Florence) (N=6 people, express survey). I

2 gr. secondary analysis of empirical data from a number of comparable sociological studies:

Sentsova K.A. - “Management of passenger transportation in railway transport”, Moscow 2003, (N=1560 people; survey);

Vasilenko E.A. - “Providing socially significant services to the city population”, Moscow 2005, (N=3010 people, survey); ^ Rotov M.S. “Management of regional passenger road transportation using the example of the Moscow region)”, Moscow 2004, (N=3010 people, survey);

3 gr. sociological studies to study the dependence of the population's lifestyle on the state of transport services were conducted with the participation of the author in 2003-2006 in Moscow. The study sample is multi-stage. General population - population of Moscow, 10383.0 million people1. Sample population: 1640 ground transport passengers, 1711 metro passengers, 1422 pas. electric train, 443 pas. personal transport. The primary data were subjected to formalized computer processing separately for each district of the city and were presented in the form of linear dependence tables. Correlations and their reliability were determined using the Pearson coefficient. Generalization of the results by district and their extrapolation to the city was made on the basis of a qualitative analysis of the obtained indicators;

4 gr. In addition, the study used international federal, regional and local documents, medium-term and long-term program documents of the Government of the Russian Federation: “Main directions for the formation and development of international transport corridors on the territory of Russia”, (2005); Transport strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020; Strategy for the development of transport of the Russian Federation for the period until 2010; medium-term and long-term forecasts of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, (2005).

Research methods: a) theoretical - structural and functional analysis; comparative method, a systematic approach involving interdisciplinary analysis; content analysis of official statistics, archival materials of previously conducted studies by the State Unitary Enterprise Research and Design Institute of the General Plan of Moscow, reports; b) empirical - selective, survey method (questionnaire “Quality of services provided by Mosgortrans”, “Level of customer satisfaction with OGT” and focused interviewing of a group of experts “Priorities of competitive selection for the provision of transport services”; express surveys: “Public transport: quality, prices, benefits", "Benefits for travel on public transport",

2 Agabekyan R.L. Mathematical methods in sociology. - Rostov-on-Don, 2005. - P.145.

Traffic jams"), observation, methodology for assessing the reliability of UPT services, secondary analysis of empirical data from all-Russian studies "Determination of metro capacity and metro travel speed"; “Structure of time spent on one-way labor movements” (1980, 2000); content analysis of the document “On the implementation of the provisions of the Federal Law of August 22, 2004 No. 122-FZ regarding transport accessibility to preferential categories of citizens in 2005 and January-February 2006.”

The reliability and validity of the research results are confirmed by a combination of theoretical principles with an analysis of official statistics and the results of sociological research. The reliability of scientific statements, conclusions, and practical recommendations is based on the representativeness of sociological and statistical information and the logic of constructing evidence-based conclusions.

The reliability of materials is determined by the use of modern methods of sociological research, the comparability of methods for collecting empirical information, as well as the correct use of methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis when processing data, both from our own research and from research conducted by other authors.

The theoretical significance of the dissertation research lies in the formation and development of a separate direction of research within the framework of the sociology of management, sociology of the city, the substantiation of an integrated sociological approach, the development of the corresponding conceptual apparatus, which generally determines the degree of increment of sociological knowledge. The dissertation can be used in the development of promising sections of management sociology and urban sociology. Generalization of theoretical and empirical material makes it possible to study issues of the social infrastructure of a metropolis from a broader sociological perspective, corresponding to the tasks of bridging the gap between management practice and its scientific understanding. The dissertation introduced empirical

15 data from the sociological study “Socio-economic problems of the development of passenger transport in Moscow in 2003-2006.”

Practical significance of the study. The practical significance of the dissertation work lies in the fact that the theoretical generalizations made by the author, the developed multifactor model and methodological approaches are aimed at increasing the efficiency of managing flow processes in the urban passenger transport system. The development of high-speed and high-speed passenger transportation will help increase business activity and transport mobility of the Moscow population.

The implementation of recommendations for improving the management of urban passenger transport, developed in the dissertation, will help improve the level of transport services to the population and increase the efficiency of the transportation process through the introduction of contractual relations and competitive distribution of orders for servicing the UPT route network.

The dissertation materials can be used in the preparation of courses: “Sociology of Management”, “Sociology of the City”, “Technologies of Social Work”, “State Municipal Administration” in higher and secondary educational institutions that train sociologists, economists, and engineers.

The scientific novelty of the work lies in the following: the place and role of public transport in the social infrastructure as an important factor in shaping the lifestyle of the population is determined;

The specifics of the interaction between lifestyle and transport services in the city are revealed through an analysis of the needs of the urban population;

16 criteria for segmentation of the passenger transportation market and target segment groups of consumers of transport services;

A multifactorial model of consumers’ choice of services of different modes of transport has been developed;

The current state of the Moscow transport system and its untapped resources are analyzed;

Recommendations have been developed for the long-term development of the transport system in order to meet the social needs of the urban population, increase the number and diversity of its facilities; providing the population with sufficient information about transport services; ensuring their availability and improving the quality of service.

Provisions for defense:

1. The social essence of man and production relations determine the need for information exchange and direct contacts of people in various spheres of their activity, which is directly related to transport movements. Transport in the city plays an important role; it ensures the ability of the city to function as an integral system with its administrative, economic, social and other functions. As the city's population increases, people's demands for urban transport are continuously growing.

2. Within the framework of the spatio-temporal extent of social relations, when society is considered as a complex internally structured system, in which each element, including the transport system, can be considered as a subsystem that has connections and intersections with other subsystems, institutional and sociostructural characteristics of each of the subsystems, can be considered in the context of spatio-temporal facets - internal connections and various levels of interdependence. They can be contradictory or symbiotic, differentiating or integrating, but they must have an impact on the results of activities in society.

3. In the development of social infrastructure, one must proceed from the fact that the driving force for the successful development of a metropolis is not only the presence of a developed transport system, but also a favorable local institutional environment, which becomes a powerful factor in stimulating the business and social activity of the urban population.

4. Criteria for segmentation of the passenger transportation market and selection of target segment groups of consumers of transport services.

5. The transport demand of the population is an integral part of the system of human needs and should be studied in conjunction with them.

Approbation of work and implementation of results. Approbation of the dissertation provisions was carried out at the international scientific and practical conference “Lifestyle of various population groups in difficult life situations (Moscow, 2005, 2006), during 2003-2006. at seminars of the Department of Sociology and Social Work of Moscow State University, in the author’s reports at scientific conferences and seminars held at the Moscow State University of the “Science to Service” service (Moscow, 2004, 2005);

The research materials are used in the educational processes of the Moscow State University of Service and the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (2005-2006).

Structure of the dissertation. The work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and applications.

1. Regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation on the organization of transport services for the population of municipalities

2. Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

3. State standard of the Russian Federation “Services of passenger road transport” (GOST R 51825-2001).

4. Law of the Russian Federation dated July 6, 1991 No. 1550-1 “On local self-government in the Russian Federation.”

5. Federal Law of March 22, 1991 No. 948-1 “On competition and restriction of monopolistic activities in commodity markets.”

6. Federal Law of June 10, 1993 No. 5151-1 “On Certification of Products and Services.”

7. Federal Law of October 6, 2003 No. 131-F3 “On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation”

8. Federal Law of 01/09/1996 No. 2-FZ “On introducing amendments and additions to the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Protection of Consumer Rights” and the RSFSR Code of Administrative Offenses.”

9. Federal Law of September 10, 1997 No. 126-FZ “On the financial foundations of local self-government in the Russian Federation.”

10. Federal Law of October 6, 2003 No. 131-F3 “On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation” (comes into force on January 1, 2006).

11. Order of the Minister of Transport of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2000 No. 68 “On the introduction of travel documentation for individual entrepreneurs carrying out transportation activities in road transport.”

12. Decree of the Moscow Government No. 852-PP dated December 7, 2004 “On improving the work on adapting the infrastructure of Moscow for the needs of people with disabilities and other categories of citizens with limited mobility.”

13. Abbas H.A. Methodology for maximizing the profit of a transport enterprise during inflation or credit growth //Business in the financial and credit sphere: Materials of scientific and practical conferences of students and young scientists. Rostov-on-Don, 1998.

14. Abysheva Yu.Yu. Problems of forming the image of the city: social and managerial aspect: Author's abstract. dis.c.s.s. N. Novgorod, 2005.

15. Avanesov B.S. Tests in sociological research / Ed. G.V. Osipov. - M.: Nauka, 1982. - 199 p.

16. Ageeva E.Yu. City as a sociocultural formation: Monograph. - N. Novgorod, 2004.

17. Aitov N.A. Problems of planning social development of cities. -M., 1971.-47 p.

18. Akimova T.V. Investment systems for passenger road transport in Russia in modern conditions: Dis. . Ph.D. econ. Sciences - M., 2003.

19. Aksenov I.Ya. Unified transport system. M.: Higher School, 1991.383 p.

20. Alexander K.E. High-speed rail transport in urban planning /K. E. Alexander, N.A. Rudnev. M.: Stroyizdat, 1985. - 138 p.

21. Altynbaev R.Z. Social-infrastructural complex as a factor in improving the lifestyle of a young city. Diss. Ph.D. social sciences Kazan, 1994. - 140 p.

22. Altynbaev R.Z. Social-infrastructural complex as a factor in improving the lifestyle of a young city. Diss. Ph.D. social sciences Kazan, 1994. - 140 p.

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