holy sea or Dalai Nor- Mongolian name for the lake. Baikal (see).
Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. - S.-Pb.: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907 .
See what the “Holy Sea” is in other dictionaries:
I (Tat. Bai Kul rich lake, Mong. Dalai Nor holy sea) lake. in Eastern Siberia, the third largest and first freshwater on the mainland of the Old World, between 51°29 and 55°50 north. lat. and 121°25 and 127°32 East longitude. Length more than 600, longest... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron
History of navigation on Lake Baikal. Contents 1 XVII century 2 XVIII century 2.1 Delivery of goods from China ... Wikipedia
- (Tat. Bai Kul rich lake, Mong. Dalai Nor holy sea) lake. in Eastern Siberia, the third largest and first freshwater mainland of the Old World, between 51 ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
- (holy place) (Gen.14:7, Num.13:27, Deut.1:2). This name sometimes means a city, sometimes a vast desert in the south. land of Canaan. That there is of course a certain locality here is clear from the quotes we have indicated and others where, for example, we read... Bible. Old and New Testaments. Synodal translation. Biblical encyclopedia arch. Nikifor.
Hebrew ים כנרת Arabic. بحيرة طبريا Coordinates: Coordinates ... Wikipedia
Contents 1 Gospel events 2 Original table of the Synodal edition of 1988 ... Wikipedia
XIII. Internal Affairs (1866-1871). On April 4, 1866, at four o'clock in the afternoon, Emperor Alexander, after a routine walk in the Summer Garden, was sitting in a carriage when an unknown person shot him with a pistol. At that moment, standing in... Large biographical encyclopedia
This term has other meanings, see Andrew the First-Called (meanings). The request for "St. Andrew" is redirected here; see also other meanings. The request for "St. Andrew" is redirected here. Wikipedia has articles about the ships “Holy... ... Wikipedia
Descent into Hell (mosaic of the Hosios Loukas monastery, 11th century) Holy Saturday, Holy ... Wikipedia
- “The morning after the Resurrection”, art. E. Burn Jones The Appearance of Christ to the Disciples the cases described in the Gospels of the appearance of the resurrected Jesus Christ to his disciples before his ... Wikipedia
Books
- Amazing Baikal. Photo album, Vladimir Ivanovich Holostykh. “Holy Sea”, “holy lake”, “holy water” - this is how Baikal has been called since time immemorial by both the indigenous inhabitants and the Russians who came to its shores in the 17th century, and by traveling foreigners...
- Holy Russian Army, Fyodor Ushakov. Only two commanders were canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. The first is Alexander Nevsky, the second is Fyodor Ushakov. The Act of his canonization says: “His power...
Dalai
NameDalaiin relation to Baikal, it was first noted in 1675 by the Tsar’s ambassador Nikolai Spafariy, who gave the first systematic description. He writes: “... and all the foreigners, the Mungals and the Tungus and others, call the entire Baikal Sea in their language Dalai, behold the sea...” As for the Tungus, here Spafari was clearly mistaken.
A century later, I. E. Fisher wrote about this name, claiming that this is what the lake is called by “the Mongols, and following their example, some Buryats...”.
However, these reports of Spafari and Fischer are not confirmed by historical documents. They are not supported by the modern names of Baikal that exist among the Mongols and Buryats. Thus, the Mongols call the lake-sea Baigal Nuur, and the word “Dalai” - “sea” has long been assigned as an individual name to Lake Dalai-Nur, located in the eastern part of Mongolia. The Buryats call the lake Baigal Dalai; in their folklore the name is also foundBaigal sagaan dalai - gray Baikal(Buryat “Sagaan” means “white”), in the chronicles -Bayigal dalai. Here the word “dalai” is included in the names, but it is quite clear that it is used in its common meaning. This word is not noted as a proper name in the modern toponymy of Buryatia; like the Mongols, it has long been assigned only to the above-mentioned lake in Mongolia - Dalai Nuur.
All this suggests, most likely, that the reports of Spafariy and Fischer about the nameDalaiwere based not on documents, but on the simple elevation of the Buryat-Mongolian word “dalai” - “sea”, which has a common meaning, to the rank of an individual name, a proper name.
There is a mention that the Buryats call the lake-sea by the name Dalai in some modern works, but it is not documented.
holy sea
About the nameholy seafor the first time, perhaps, N. Semivsky wrote: “Baikal, the sea or the Holy Sea, or a lake, or more justly the Angarsk failure, which has a figure similar to a crescent...”. Later, in modern times, the name began to be attributed to early Russian settlers. In relation to it, an opinion arose, qualified by cautious assumptions or surrounded by questions, that it was a tracing-paper of the pre-Russian name, literally translated from the latter. However, the titleholy seain Russian documents of the 17th - first half of the 18th centuries. does not occur. Meanwhile, the word “saint,” inspired by animalistic ideas, was inherent in the Russian lexicon of the 17th century. On Baikal, in particular, it became part of the name of the Svyatoy Nos peninsula, about which N. Spafariy wrote back in 1673: “... and from the island of Olkhon to the Svyatoy Nos, where they are moving, there is a great abyss, with the strength of one and a half bottoms they can cross , and in those places many ships are broken.” The Svyatoy Nos Peninsula is shown and named on the “Drawing of the land of the Irkutsk city” by S. U. Remezov. Russians sometimes called the Holy Sea in Siberia the sea into which the Yana River flows, i.e. the Laptev Sea. Apparently, this name was not applied to Baikal by early Russian settlers. In addition, among the pre-Russian names of the lake discussed above, there is not a single one that could act as a basis for tracing the name Holy Sea.
If we go by the date of publication of N. Semivsky, then the titleholy seathe Russians could have appeared only by the beginning of the 19th century. It could have arisen under the influence of religious ideas, especially since the Russians had a desire to call lakes, especially those shrouded in an aura of mystery, Saints. There are countless lakes with this name throughout Russia. However, here the attitude of the Russians towards the lake also found support from the Buryats, with whom the Russians were connected by ties of twinning and friendship. The Buryats, as you know, revere the lake-sea and often call it great and divine. This attitude towards natural objects developed in ancient times, when people worshiped luminaries, stars, large mountains, rivers, lakes and seas. Later, it was consciously cultivated by religion, in particular among the Buryats - shamanism.
Thus, the Russian nameholy seacould have developed independently and strengthened even more under the influence of the Buryats, who revered the majestic lake-sea, and not at all be a copy of the pre-Russian name. In addition, the Russians either adopted the geographical names of the aborigines without changes, if only they became known to them, or gave their names out of ignorance of the names of the aborigines, but did not at all resort to tracing the semantic meaning of the name. For example, the name of the Svyatoy Nos peninsula, the largest on Lake Baikal, undoubtedly belongs to the Russians. The Buryats called it differently - Khelmen khushun, which means either “saber cape” or “sturgeon’s muzzle (nose). The peninsula was a cult place for Buryat shamanists, where ceremonies to honor the cape were performed. As you can see, the nameHoly Noseis not a copy of Buryat, but it may have arisen under the influence of Buryat shamanism.
The Russians could also call Baikal a holy, sacred sea under the influence of the so-called false etymologization, when similar-sounding words from different languages, having different semantic meanings, are identified. They first became acquainted with the Evenki name of the lake -Lamu,then we learned about the Buryat name -Baigal.
But through the Buryats, the Tibetan word “Lama” came to them - priest, saint, therefore the EvenkiLamucould be explained by Russians as the original sound: lama - saint.
FIND A METAPHOR; COMPARISON; EPITHET IN THE TEXT, EXPLAIN THEIR ROLE IN THE TEXT.
“Holy Sea”, “holy lake”, “holy water” - this is how Baikal has been called since time immemorial by both the indigenous inhabitants, the Russians who came to its shores already in the seventeenth century, and traveling foreigners, bowing before its majestic, unearthly mystery and beauty . This worship of Baikal by both wild people and enlightened people for their time was equally complete and exciting, despite the fact that for some it primarily affected mystical feelings, and for others - aesthetic and scientific ones. Every time a person was taken aback at the sight of Baikal, because it did not fit into either the spiritual or materialistic ideas of man: Baikal did not lie where something like that could be located, was not something that could be in this or any other place to be, and acted on the soul differently than the way “indifferent” nature usually acts. It was something extraordinary.
Over time, Baikal was measured and studied, even using deep-sea vehicles for this purpose in recent years. It has acquired certain dimensions and is comparable in size: it is compared either with the Caspian Sea or with Tanganyika. They calculated that it contains a fifth of all fresh water on our planet, explained its origin, suggested how species of animals, fish and plants that do not exist anywhere else could have originated in it, and how species that exist many thousands of kilometers away managed to get into it in other parts of the world. Not all of these explanations and assumptions are consistent even with each other. Baikal is not so simple that one can so easily deprive it of its mystery and enigma, but nevertheless. as it should be, according to its physical data it is placed in its corresponding place in the series of described and discovered quantities. And he stands in this row... only because he himself, alive, majestic and miraculous, incomparable to anything and not repeated anywhere, knows his own eternal place and his own life.
How and with what can its beauty really be compared? We will not assure you that there is nothing more beautiful in the world than Lake Baikal; Each of us has our own loving and sweet side, and for the Eskimo or Aleut, as you know, its tundra and icy desert are the crown of natural perfection and wealth. From birth we absorb the air, salt and pictures of our homeland; they influence our character and to a large extent organize our life composition. Therefore, it is not enough to say that they are dear to us, we are part of them, that part that is composed of the natural environment; Her ancient and eternal voice is obliged to speak in us and speaks. It makes no sense to compare, giving preference to anything, the ice of Greenland with the sands of the Sahara, the Siberian taiga with the Central Russian steppe, even the Caspian Sea with Baikal; you can only convey your impressions about them. All this is wonderful in its beauty and amazing in its life. Most often, attempts at comparison in such cases stem from our reluctance or inability to see and feel the uniqueness and non-randomness of the picture, its reverent existence.
And yet, Nature as a whole, as a single creator, has her favorites, into which she puts special effort during construction, finishes with special care and endows with special power. This is, without a doubt, Baikal. It is not for nothing that it is called the pearl of Siberia. Let's not talk about his wealth now, that's a separate conversation. Baikal is glorious and holy in other ways - for its miraculous life-giving power, the spirit of not the past, not past, like so much now, but of the present, not subject to time, primordial greatness and reserved power, the spirit of self-born will and attractive trials.
I remember how my friend and I, who came to visit me, walked for a long time and went far along the shore of our sea along the old Circum-Baikal Road, one of the most beautiful and vibrant places in southern Baikal. It was August, the best, most fertile time on Lake Baikal, when the water heats up and the hills rage with colors, when it seems even the stone is blooming, blazing with colors; when the sun brilliantly illuminates the newly fallen snow on the distant loaches in the Sayan Mountains, which appear to the eye many times closer than they really are; when Baikal has already stocked up with water from melting glaciers and lies well fed, often calmly, gaining strength for autumn storms; when fish play generously near the shore to the cries of seagulls and when at every step along the road you encounter one berry, then another - now raspberries, now red and black currants, now honeysuckle... And then it turned out to be a rare day: sun, calm, It’s warm, the air is ringing, Baikal is clean and frozenly quiet, far away and the water sparkles and shimmers with colors on the stones on the road, sometimes it smells of heated and bitter air from the ripening herbs from the mountain, sometimes it inadvertently brings in cool and sharp breath from the sea.
My comrade had already been crushed for two hours by the wild and lush beauty that had fallen upon him from all sides, creating a summer feast, a beauty that had not only been seen by him until then, but could not even be imagined.
- HOLY SEA
or Dalai-Nor is the Mongolian name for the lake. Baikal... - SEA in the Dictionary of Thieves' Slang:
- Very … - SEA in Miller's Dream Book, dream book and interpretation of dreams:
If you hear the melancholic sound of the sea in a dream, it means. You are destined for a tedious and fruitless life, devoid of love and friendship... - SEA in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
OPEN - see HIGH SEA... - SEA
(Genesis 1:10) - this word is attached to the sacred. writers to lakes, rivers and in general to any large collection of waters, as well as ... - SEA in the Bible Encyclopedia of Nikephoros:
(slinger, shooter) - the name of two places: Gen 12:6 - this was the name of the oak grove near Shechem. This oak forest should not be mixed with... - SEA in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- SEA in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
part of the world's oceans, more or less isolated by land or elevated underwater relief and differing from the open ocean mainly ... - SEA in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
see Oceanography and... - SEA in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- SEA in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
part of the World Ocean, isolated by land or elevated underwater terrain and differing from the open part of the ocean in hydrological and meteorological regime. How … - SEA in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MOPE, -i, pl. -I, -ey, Wed. 1. Part of the ocean - a large expanse of water with bitterly salty water. Sail by sea. By sea … - HOLY
HOLY FAMILY, in Christian ideas, the family into which Jesus Christ was born, the closest circle of Jesus in childhood, including his mother - ... - SEA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
SEA, part of the World Ocean, separated by land or elevated waterways. relief and different from the open part of the ocean hydrological. and meteorol. regime. ... - SEA
? see Oceanography and... - SEA in the Complete Accented Paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, sea, … - SEA in the Dictionary of epithets:
About size, extent, depth. Boundless, limitless, bottomless, measureless, endless, boundless, limitless, all-encompassing, deep, enormous, boundless, immense, boundless, huge, wide. ABOUT … - SEA in Abramov's Dictionary of Synonyms:
see a lot || wait by the sea for weather, across the sea, a drop in... - SEA in the Russian Synonyms dictionary:
Kara Sea, Caspian Sea, multitude, abundance, Pont, Seram, Sulawesi, Sulu, Fiji, ... - SEA in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
Wed 1) a) Part of the World Ocean, separated by land or elevated underwater terrain. b) A very large lake with bitterly salty water. V) … - SEA
more, -ya, plural. -`I,... - SEA in Lopatin’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
M`ore, -ya, used. in the names of parts of the lunar landscape, for example: M'ore of Rains, M'ore of Creases, M'ore... - SEA
Sea, -I, used. in the names of parts of the lunar landscape, for example: Sea of Rains, Sea of Crises, Sea ... - SEA in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
sea, -i, plural -I, … - SEA in the Spelling Dictionary:
sea, -ya, used. in the names of parts of the lunar landscape, for example: sea of rains, sea of crises, sea ... - SEA in the Spelling Dictionary:
more, -ya, plural. -`I,... - SEA in Ozhegov’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
part of the ocean - a large expanse of water with bitterly salty water. Sail by sea. By sea and by sea. N- sea and on... - SEA in Dahl's Dictionary:
Wed accumulation of salty and bitter waters in vast depressions and recesses of the earth's surface. In general, all these waters are called sea, as opposed to land, dry land, ... - SEA in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
part of the World Ocean, isolated by land or elevated underwater terrain and differing from the open part of the ocean in hydrological and meteorological regime. How … - SEA in Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
seas, plural I, Wed 1. part of the earth’s water shell, a huge depression, a depression in the earth’s surface, filled with bitterly salty water and connected ... - SEA in Ephraim's Explanatory Dictionary:
sea avg. 1) a) Part of the World Ocean, separated by land or elevated underwater terrain. b) A very large lake with bitterly salty water. ... - SEA in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
Wed 1. A part of the World Ocean separated by land or elevated underwater terrain. Ott. A very large lake with bitterly salty water. Ott. Large... - SEA in the Large Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
I Wed. 1. A part of the World Ocean separated by land or elevated underwater terrain. Ott. A very large lake with bitterly salty water. Ott. ... - MEDITERRANEAN SEA in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
? so named because of its position among the lands that made up the entire world known to the ancients? is one of the most remarkable of... - MARK TWAIN in Wiki Quotebook:
Data: 2009-07-14 Time: 21:36:48 = Aphorisms = = # = * “Classics” is a book that is praised - and not ... - BIBLE in Quotation Wiki:
Data: 2009-05-23 Time: 10:27:55 Navigation Topic = Bible Wikipedia = Bible Wiktionary = bible Wikisource = Bible Wikimedia Commons = Bible ... - THREE in the Bible Dictionary:
(tr'etiy) - the number of sons of Noah (Gen.6:10), the age of the victims (Gen.15:9), the number of months of hiding the baby Moses (Ex.2:2; Acts.7:20; Heb.11:23 ), number of days of travel... - TABERNACLE in the Bible Dictionary:
(from the Greek “skene” - tent) - a camp temple of the Israeli people, built by Moses at Mount Sinai according to the model that was shown ... - TABERNACLE (03) in the Bible Dictionary:
From Mount Sinai, the tabernacle traveled through all the deserts along with the people of Israel and was carried across the Jordan to Jericho... - TEMPLE OF JERUSALEM in the Bible Encyclopedia of Nikephoros:
The Tabernacle, the camp temple of the Jews until the time of Solomon, was built according to the model indicated by God on Mount Sinai (Exodus 25:9-10), according to this... - TABERNACLE in the Bible Encyclopedia of Nikephoros:
(Exodus 25:9) - actually means a movable tent, a portable tent, a tabernacle. In this sense the word is used in Numbers 24:5, Job... - DORMSION OF THE HOLY VIRGIN
- NINA GRUZINSKAYA
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Nina (c. 280 - 335), enlightener of Georgia, Equal to the Apostles. Memory January 14. Born... - MIRO in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree.
- LEO 16 in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Bible. Old Testament. Leviticus. Chapter 16 Chapters: 1 2 3 4 5 6 … - ISKH 30 in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree.
- ISKH 28 in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Bible. Old Testament. Exodus. Chapter 28 Chapters: 1 2 3 4 5 6 … - IEZ 45 in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Bible. Old Testament. Book of the prophet Ezekiel. Chapter 45 Chapters: 1 2 3 4 ... - IEZ 43 in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Bible. Old Testament. Book of the prophet Ezekiel. Chapter 43 Chapters: 1 2 3 4 ... - IEZ 41 in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Bible. Old Testament. Book of the prophet Ezekiel. Chapter 41 Chapters: 1 2 3 4 ...
The organizers of the events set themselves the task of instilling in Irkutsk residents a culture of recreation on the shores of the lake, and attracting public attention to the need to take care of this unique natural monument.
“Holy Sea”, “holy lake”, “holy water” - this is how Baikal has been called since time immemorial by both the indigenous inhabitants, the Russians who came to its shores already in the 17th century, and traveling foreigners, bowing before its majestic beauty.
Baikal is the deepest lake in the world. Its average depth is about 730 m. It was first calculated quite accurately by Gleb Vereshchagin in the 1930s. The greatest known depth of Lake Baikal is 1637 m.
The area of Lake Baikal's water surface is 31.5 thousand square meters. km is approximately equal to the area of countries such as Belgium, the Netherlands or Denmark. In terms of water surface area, Baikal ranks eighth among the largest lakes in the world.
Baikal contains about 1/5 of the world's surface water reserves (excluding the ice of Antarctica, Greenland, and other glaciers), and more than 4/5 of Russia's fresh water reserves.
Every year the lake produces 60 cubic meters. km of clean, biologically active water. Through the Angara, this water enters the World Ocean.
According to the head of the International Foundation "Baikal - World Heritage" Larisa Kokhova, "to harmonize the World Ocean is one of the purposes of Baikal." She believes that limnologists look into the depths of the Baikal “eye,” just as iridologists look into a person’s eye, and receive information about what is happening in the earth’s waters.
From space, the relief of the Baikal bottom is visible to a depth of 500 meters. It is also the most transparent lake in the world, rivaled only by the Sargasso Sea. The “Sepka Disk”, a standard of water transparency, is visible in different places of Lake Baikal at a depth of 40-45 m.
The secret of the Baikal cleanliness phenomenon is the tiny endemic crustacean epishura, a miniature relative of the shrimp. Every year, this “orderly” filters a half-meter surface layer of water, processing all dead organic matter, as well as providing the water with oxygen.
On December 5, 1996, at the 20th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, held in the Mexican city of Merida, Baikal was included in the UNESCO Natural Heritage List.
The unique ecosystem of Lake Baikal is home to more than 2,630 species of flora and fauna. Most are endemic.
The only mammal that lives in Lake Baikal is the Baikal seal. Adult seals reach a length of 1.8 m and a weight of 130 kg. The seal lives up to 55 - 56 years.
Baikal is home to 236 species of birds.
There are 58 species of fish in the lake. The most famous are omul, whitefish, grayling, taimen, sturgeon, golomyanka, lenok.
The ecological state of the largest freshwater lake on the planet in previous decades caused great concern among Russian and international environmental organizations. The main threat to the lake was considered to be the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill, launched in 1966, which in September 2008, at the request of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, switched to a closed water cycle.
According to scientists, the shutdown of the BPPM had a positive effect on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal.
However, in January 2010, the Russian government excluded the production of pulp, paper and cardboard from the list of activities prohibited in the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory, which paved the way for the resumption of the plant. In May, the plant produced a trial batch of viscose bleached cellulose within the framework of an open water cycle. Since the beginning of July 2010, BPPM resumed its activities after a year and a half of inactivity.
The program will address several environmental issues. One of the most important tasks is the elimination of various types of waste; for this purpose, waste processing plants and landfills will be built.