Social position in society. Socially dangerous situation

MKOU "Mirolyubovskaya basic secondary school".

5th grade

« Position of a person in society »

Prepared by: Katykhina D.I.,

social studies teacher

2017

Topic: The position of man in society.

The purpose of the lesson: introduce students to the social status and social role of a person in society.

Tasks: find out what social position in society depends on; bring students to the realization that a person’s position in society largely depends on himself; familiarize yourself with concepts and terms.

Planned results: students learn to describe their social position from different positions; develop the ability to express your own judgment; master the principle of working with a textbook; learn to participate in heuristic conversation and discussion; apply group work skills.

Formed UUD: metasubject: develop the ability to exchange between group members to make effective joint decisions; determine the sequence of intermediate goals taking into account the final result; navigate new educational material, construct speech statements ; personal: formation of analysis skills; awareness of one's own position and position

Lesson type: combined.

During the classes.

I. Organizing time. Hello guys! I am very glad to see you in social studies class. There are cards on your tables. Please pick up the card whose color corresponds to your mood and well-being (a yellow card means a good mood, and a blue card means a bad mood).

(Children pick up cards)

And to make our mood sunnier in such inclement autumn weather, let's give each other a compliment and give a smile.

Well done, are you all ready for the lesson? (Yes).

Great, I wish everyone fruitful work.

II. Checking homework. Updating knowledge on the previous lesson topic.

Let's remember what we studied in the last lesson? (Socialization). What is socialization? (Socialization is the process of assimilating cultural norms and mastering social roles)

What social Have you already mastered the roles? Explain the meaning of the concepts: “Culture”, “Cultural norms”, “Values”.

Workshop 1. Page 67. Let's sort it out.

III. Motivational – target stage.

Now listen carefully to me. “The whole world is a theater.

There are women, men, all actors.

They have their own exits, departures,

And everyone plays more than one role...”

English writer W. Shakespeare.

This quote is a kind of epigraph to our lesson.

How do you understand the expression: “The whole world is a stage?” What roles can different people have?

Guys, let's remember what social roles a schoolchild plays?

Do you think it would be strange if a fifth grader, for example, defended his thesis, or paid for an expensive car at a car dealership? Why do you think?

IV. Introduction to new material.

We conclude: these actions will not correspond to the student’s position in society, i.e. his social status. Based on your versions, what do you think: what will the topic of today's lesson sound like: The position of man in society.

Lesson plan:

1. What is social status

2. Social status

3. Rights, duties and responsibilities

4. Diversity of social statuses.

V. Work on the topic of the lesson.

Human social roles do not exist by themselves. They correspond to a person's position in society. The student plays the roles of a student, son or daughter, brother or sister, grandson, bus passenger, buyer in a grocery store, member of a folk dance ensemble, etc. But it would be strange if a fifth grader, for example, defended his thesis or paid at a dealership to buy an expensive car. These actions will not correspond to the student’s position in society, i.e., his social status.

A person’s position in society depends on his innate and acquired qualities. Innate qualities - height, physical strength, eye color, body size, fatness or thinness, temperament, mental abilities, gender and age differences, etc. If aggressiveness is an innate human trait, then there will almost certainly be conflicts between people. (Picture).

Temperament is the individual properties of a person, characterized primarily by the speed of emergence of feelings and their strength.

There are 4 main types of temperament:

Phlegmatic, choleric, sanguine, melancholic. Briefly characterizes each of them.

Read additional Reading. (Using a personal example, observe yourself and try to determine the type of your temperament).

Cholerics: Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

Sanguines: Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov, Napaleon Bonaparte.

Melancholics: Sergei Yesenin, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol.

Phlegmatic people: Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov and Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin.

Acquired qualities. Acquired qualities are also called social “personality parameters.” They are acquired in society, in relationships with other people and affect a person’s social status.

(Picture).

Positive and negative qualities (Picture).

Character is formed as a person grows older.

Character has both positive and negative qualities.

Playing with character traits.

Let's learn from the textbook what social media is. status and social position. (Read and write).

Social status is a characteristic of a person in the following positions: gender, age, education, profession, economic (material) situation, political opportunities.

A person occupies a certain social position in society depending on education, profession, financial situation, gender and age, and the ability to participate in government.

You are still receiving your education, you do not have a profession and you are financially dependent on your parents, but as a child you are surrounded by the care and attention of your elders. And in this capacity you were given many rights, what do you think?

Let's try to describe the social position of a schoolchild from different angles.

What are the features of a schoolchild’s social status in comparison with adults? Justify your answer.

You are still receiving your education, you do not have a profession, you are financially dependent on your parents. As a child, you are surrounded by the care and attention of your elders. This means that your position is that of a person under guardianship. And in this capacity, you have been endowed with many rights that the state protects through its judicial system. Every child has the right to be raised by his parents, to ensure his interests, comprehensive development, and respect for human dignity.

The child has the right to express his opinion when resolving any issue in the family that affects his interests. It is mandatory to take into account the opinion of a child who has reached the age of 10, except in cases where it is contrary to his interests. The student has the right to choose an educational institution, clubs and sections at his own discretion.

Further Reading

The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is an international organization helping children in more than 150 countries. UNICEF has been working in Russia since 1997. The main goal of the foundation’s work in our country is to protect the rights of the child, support children’s rights to a safe and healthy childhood, promote the development of youth and their active participation in public life, promote the formation of a society in which every child has the right to development and participation in the decision-making process that directly affect his life.

Tell us about the activities of the UN Children's Fund, using the text of the textbook and materials from the site unicef.ru. Why do children need special protection? How does this relate to your social status?

A person’s social status is secured not only by his rights, but also by his responsibilities. What do you think your responsibilities are?

Human rights are inextricably linked with responsibilities. The higher the status, the greater the rights its owner is endowed with and the greater the range of responsibilities assigned to him.

Physical education minute.

We've worked hard - let's rest.

Let's stand up and take a deep breath.

Hands to the sides, forward,

Left, right turn.

Three bends, stand up straight,

Raise your arms up and down.

Hands slowly lowered,

They brought smiles to everyone.

A person’s social position is secured not only by his rights, but also by his duties (the need to do something).

Parents have the responsibility to raise their children, protect their interests and rights, and take care of their health. Teachers pass on new knowledge to you and educate you, the school administration organizes the entire learning process, and you are obliged to study well.

After reaching the age of majority (18 years), you receive the right to vote in elections and become full-fledged and politically active citizens. From this moment you cease to be children and move into the category of adults.

Thus, each status is characterized by certain rights and responsibilities.

When performing certain duties, a person bears a certain responsibility to others. The shoemaker is obliged to deliver his products to the customer on time and with high quality. If this is not the case, he must be punished in some way, his reputation may suffer, or he may be brought to court.

Responsibility is the obligation to answer for one’s actions or actions.

Interesting Facts

In the Russian Empire, an engineer supervising the construction of a railway bridge across a river stood underneath it in a boat as the first train passed over the bridge.

Human rights are inextricably linked with responsibilities. The higher the status, the greater the rights its owner is endowed with and the greater the range of responsibilities assigned to him. Thus, the status of heir to the royal throne or a famous TV presenter obliges to lead a lifestyle that meets society’s ideas about the proper behavior of these people.

What do you think determines a person’s position in society? How many social statuses can a person have? What social main status?

One person has many social statuses - he is, for example, Russian (national status), Russian (citizen status), man (gender), middle-aged (age), Orthodox (religious status), programmer (professional), Muscovite (territorial) , married (marital status), father (family), Spartak fan (leisure), hunter (leisure), weightlifter (sports), leader (group status), etc.

Each status hides one or more social roles. Thus, the father acts in relation to his children as a breadwinner, educator, and playmate.

If status is a position in society, then a role is a model of behavior corresponding to this status. The status of a king requires him to lead a completely different lifestyle from that of ordinary citizens. The role model corresponding to this status must meet the hopes and expectations of his subjects. In turn, subjects, as dictated by their status and rank, must act in strict accordance with a set of norms and requirements.

But every person has one main status. The main thing is the status that determines the lifestyle, circle of acquaintances, behavior, etc. In modern society, this is usually a profession - an activity for which a person is paid money.

For some people, the main status is disability. It is determined by the state of health and the corresponding rights that the state grants to a disabled person.

Let's summarize.

A person’s position in society - social status - is determined by his acquired and innate qualities; depends on education, profession, financial situation, gender and age, and the ability to participate in government. Each person has many social statuses and social roles. A person’s statuses and roles change from age to age.

Basic terms and concepts
Social status, social position, responsibility, temperament, character.

VI. Reflection.

Our lesson is coming to an end.

What did you learn in class today?

Describe your social status from different perspectives: gender, age, education, etc.

What social status is most important to you? Why?

Practical work.

1. Determine your temperament.

2. What is the temperament of your classmates?

3. Positive and negative qualities of your character.

4. Name your social status. What does it depend on?

5. Your rights and obligations in accordance with your status.

Apple tree of expectations.

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MKOU "Mirolyubovskaya basic secondary school".

Social studies lesson notes:

5th grade

« Position of a person in society»

Prepared by: Katykhina D.I.,

Social studies teacher

2017

Topic: The position of man in society.

The purpose of the lesson : introduce students to the social status and social role of a person in society.

Tasks : find out what social position in society depends on; bring students to the realization that a person’s position in society largely depends on himself; familiarize yourself with concepts and terms.

Planned results: students learn to describe their social position from different positions; develop the ability to express your own judgment; master the principle of working with a textbook; learn to participate in heuristic conversation and discussion; apply group work skills.

Formed UUD : metasubject: develop the ability to exchange between group members to make effective joint decisions; determine the sequence of intermediate goals taking into account the final result; navigate new educational material, construct speech statements; personal : formation of analysis skills; awareness of one's own position and position

Lesson type: combined.

During the classes.

I. Organizational moment.Hello guys! I am very glad to see you in social studies class. There are cards on your tables. Please pick up the card whose color corresponds to your mood and well-being (a yellow card means a good mood, and a blue card means a bad mood).

(Children pick up cards)

And to make our mood sunnier in such inclement autumn weather, let's give each other a compliment and give a smile.

Well done, are you all ready for the lesson? (Yes).

Great, I wish everyone fruitful work.

II. Checking homework. Updating knowledge on the previous lesson topic.

Let's remember what we studied in the last lesson? (Socialization). What is socialization? (Socialization is the process of assimilating cultural norms and mastering social roles)

What social Have you already mastered the roles? Explain the meaning of the concepts: “Culture”, “Cultural norms”, “Values”.

Workshop 1. Page 67. Let's sort it out.

III. Motivational – target stage.

Now listen carefully to me.“The whole world is a theater.

There are women, men, all actors.

They have their own exits, departures,

And everyone plays more than one role...”

English writer W. Shakespeare.

This quote is a kind of epigraph to our lesson.

How do you understand the expression: “The whole world is a stage?” What roles can different people have?

Guys, let's remember what social roles a schoolchild plays?

Do you think it would be strange if a fifth grader, for example, defended his thesis, or paid for an expensive car at a car dealership?Why do you think?

IV. Introduction to new material.

Lesson plan:

1. What is social status

2. Social status

3. Rights, duties and responsibilities

4. Diversity of social statuses.

V. Work on the topic of the lesson.

Social “personality parameters”

Temperament is the individual properties of a person, characterized primarily by the speed of emergence of feelings and their strength.

There are 4 main types of temperament:

Phlegmatic, choleric, sanguine, melancholic. Briefly characterizes each of them.

Read additional Reading. (Using a personal example, observe yourself and try to determine the type of your temperament).

Cholerics: Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

Sanguines: Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov, Napaleon Bonaparte.

Melancholics: Sergei Yesenin, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol.

Phlegmatic people: Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov and Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin.

Acquired qualities.Acquired qualities are also called social “personality parameters.” They are acquired in society, in relationships with other people and affect a person’s social status.

(Picture).

Character is a set of individual characteristics manifested in human behavior and activity.

Positive and negative qualities (Picture).

Character is formed as a person grows older.

Character has both positive and negative qualities.

Playing with character traits.

Well done.

Let's learn from the textbook what social media is. status and social position. (Read and write).

Social status is the social position of a person in society.
Social status is a characteristic of a person in the following positions: gender, age, education, profession, economic (material) situation, political opportunities.

A person occupies a certain social position in society depending on education, profession, financial situation, gender and age, and the ability to participate in government.

Social status of the student

Let's try to describe the social position of a schoolchild from different angles.

What are the features of a schoolchild’s social status in comparison with adults? Justify your answer.

Status is the position, position of a person in a group or society.

To be a leader or outsider in a small group, such as a group of friends, means to have an informal or personal status. To be an engineer, a man, a husband, a Russian, an Orthodox Christian, a conservative, a businessman means to occupy a formal (social) status. In other words, to occupy a certain place in the system of social division of labor.

Status is realized through a role. To be a husband means to have the status of "husband" and to fulfill the role of a husband. Any status consists of a set of rights and obligations, which, by tradition, society assigns to a given position. The teacher is obliged to transfer knowledge to students, evaluate their success, monitor discipline, i.e. fulfill a certain role. True, one person takes his responsibilities responsibly, and the other does not, one uses soft methods of education, and the other uses hard ones, one is confidential with students, and the other keeps them at a distance. In other words, people behave differently in the same position, i.e. adhere to different behavioral models (roles).

A model of behavior in accordance with the formal rights and responsibilities assigned to a given status is called a role.

The same duties can be performed in different ways, therefore one status can have many roles. But a person, being in the same status, as a rule, adheres to one role. Although the same person can have many statuses: man, Russian, Orthodox, military service, husband, student, etc. So, one person has many statuses and as many roles. A role is a dynamic characteristic of status. The status may be empty, but the role may not.

A collection of empty ones, i.e. statuses not filled by people, forms the SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY.

In a primitive society there are few statuses: leader, shaman, man, woman, husband, wife, son, daughter, hunter, gatherer, child, adult, old man, etc. - you can count them on your fingers. And in modern society there are about 40,000 professional statuses alone, more than 200 family, marriage and kinship relationships (brother-in-law, daughter-in-law, cousin... continue the list yourself), many hundreds of political, religious, economic ones. There are 3000 languages on our planet, and behind each of them there is an ethnic group - a nation, people, nationality, tribe. And these are also statuses. They are included in the demographic system along with age and gender.

So, let's make the first generalization: The first building blocks of the subject of sociology are statuses and roles. The former give a static, and the latter a dynamic picture of society. The totality of empty statuses gives us the social structure of society.

It can be likened to a honeycomb in a beehive: many empty cells are tightly fitted to each other. Social honeycombs are held together by a particularly strong foundation - social functions.

This is also a very simple concept. What is the function of a teacher? Transfer your knowledge, evaluate successes, monitor discipline. Can you guess what we're talking about? Of course, these are familiar rights and responsibilities. They are relative. Why? The status of a teacher is relative to the status of a student, but not a city worker, parent, officer, Russian, etc. Relativity means the functional relationship of statuses. That is why social structure is not just a set, but a functional relationship of statuses. The word "relativity" is associated not only with functions, but also with relationships. In fulfilling his duties, the teacher enters into certain relationships with the student, and the student - with the teacher, parents, policeman, peers, seller, taxi driver, etc.

We can safely say that social statuses are related social relations, personal statuses are linked interpersonal relationships. Society is entangled in a huge network of social relationships, and underneath it, on the floor below, there is another network - interpersonal relationships.

For sociology, what is important is not what personal relationships people enter into, but how something more fundamental—social relationships—looks through them. The shop manager can treat the worker with great sympathy. Their personal relationships are wonderful. But if the second one does not cope well with his professional role and does not correspond to his status, the first one will be fired. The boss and the subordinate are social roles.

So, our second conclusion: statuses are interconnected by social functions that manifest themselves through social ones. Functions and relationships, like cement and sand, create a strong mortar that holds the social structure together.

Take a closer look, our latter has grown and become multi-layered: statuses, rights and responsibilities, functions, social relationships. What have we forgotten? Certainly, roles. As agreed, roles, unlike statuses, provide a dynamic picture of society. The way it is. A role is nothing without a person. The role requires its own actor.

Individuals performing social roles enter into social interaction with each other. This is a regular, repeating process.

Only regularly repeated social interactions crystallize into social relationships. And again - dynamics and statics. If a person has once taught teenagers something, then what kind of teacher is he? A teacher is a permanent function (i.e. a social position in society), just as teaching is a regular interaction. Only then does it become social. Interaction, action, behavior, role - all these are very close, even related concepts. And we will talk about this more.

Analyzing a social role without considering what a human personality is is an idle task. Throughout our lives we learn to correctly perform social roles, follow prescribed norms and responsibilities.

Man does not exist outside of society. We interact with other people and enter into various relationships with them. To indicate a person’s position among his own kind and the characteristics of an individual’s behavior in certain situations, scientists introduced the concepts of “social status” and “social role.”

About social status

The social status of an individual is not only a person’s place in the system of social relations, but also the rights and responsibilities dictated by his position. Thus, the status of a doctor gives the right to diagnose and treat patients, but at the same time obliges the doctor to observe labor discipline and conscientiously perform his work.

The concept of social status was first proposed by the American anthropologist R. Linton. The scientist made a great contribution to the study of the problems of personality and its interaction with other members of society.

Statuses exist in an enterprise, in a family, in a political party, in a kindergarten, in a school, in a university, in a word, wherever an organized group of people is engaged in socially significant activities and members of the group have certain relationships with each other.

A person is in several statuses at the same time. For example, a middle-aged man acts as a son, father, husband, engineer at a factory, member of a sports club, holder of an academic degree, author of scientific publications, patient in a clinic, etc. The number of statuses depends on the connections and relationships into which the individual enters.

There are several classifications of statuses:

Personal and social. A person occupies a personal status in a family or other small group in accordance with the assessment of his personal qualities. Social status (examples: teacher, worker, manager) is determined by the actions performed by the individual for society.
Main and episodic. Primary status is associated with the main functions in a person's life. Most often, the main statuses are family man and worker. Episodic are associated with a moment in time during which a citizen performs certain actions: a pedestrian, a reader in a library, a course student, a theater viewer, etc.
Prescribed, achieved and mixed. The prescribed status does not depend on the desires and capabilities of the individual, as it is given at birth (nationality, place of birth, class). What is achieved is acquired as a result of the efforts made (level of education, profession, achievements in science, art, sports). Mixed combines the features of the prescribed and achieved statuses (a person who has received a disability).
Socio-economic status is determined by the amount of income received and the position that an individual occupies in accordance with his well-being.

The set of all available statuses is called a status set.

Hierarchy

Society constantly evaluates the significance of this or that status and, on the basis of this, builds a hierarchy of positions.

Assessments depend on the benefits of the business in which a person is engaged, and on the system of values accepted in the culture. Prestigious social status (examples: businessman, director) is highly appreciated. At the top of the hierarchy is the general status, which determines not only a person’s life, but also the position of people close to him (president, patriarch, academician).

If some statuses are unreasonably low, while others, on the contrary, are excessively high, then they speak of a violation of status balance. The trend towards its loss threatens the normal functioning of society.

The hierarchy of statuses can also be subjective. A person himself determines what is more important to him, in what status he feels better, what benefits he derives from being in one position or another.

Social status cannot be something unchanging, since people's lives are not static. The movement of a person from one social group to another is called social mobility, which is divided into vertical and horizontal.

Vertical mobility is spoken of when the social status of an individual increases or decreases (a worker becomes an engineer, a department head becomes an ordinary employee, etc.). With horizontal mobility, a person maintains his position, but changes his profession (to one of equal status), place of residence (becomes an emigrant).

Intergenerational and intragenerational mobility are also distinguished. The first determines how much children have increased or decreased their status in relation to the status of their parents, and the second determines how successful the social career of representatives of one generation is (types of social status are taken into account).

The channels of social mobility are school, family, church, army, public organizations and political parties. Education is a social elevator that helps a person achieve the desired status.

A high social status acquired by an individual or a decrease in it indicates individual mobility. If the status of a certain community of people changes (for example, as a result of a revolution), then group mobility takes place.

Social roles

While in one status or another, a person performs actions, communicates with other people, that is, plays a role. Social status and social role are closely interrelated, but differ from each other. Status is position, and role is socially expected behavior determined by status. If a doctor is rude and swears, and a teacher abuses alcohol, then this does not correspond to the status he holds.

The term “role” was borrowed from theater to emphasize the stereotypical behavior of people of similar social groups. A person cannot do as he wants. The behavior of an individual is determined by the rules and norms characteristic of a particular social group and society as a whole.

Unlike status, a role is dynamic and closely related to a person’s character traits and moral attitudes. Sometimes role behavior is adhered to only in public, as if putting on a mask. But it also happens that the mask fuses with its wearer, and the person ceases to distinguish between himself and his role. Depending on the situation, this state of affairs has both positive and negative consequences.

Social status and social role are two sides of the same coin.

Diversity of social roles

Since there are many people in the world and each person is an individual, it is unlikely that there will be two identical roles. Some role models require emotional restraint and self-control (lawyer, surgeon, funeral director), while for other roles (actor, teacher, mother, grandmother) emotions are very much in demand.

Some roles drive a person into strict frameworks (job descriptions, regulations, etc.), others have no framework (parents are fully responsible for the behavior of their children).

The performance of roles is closely related to motives, which are also different. Everything is determined by social status in society and personal motives. An official is concerned with promotion, a financier is concerned with profit, and a scientist is concerned with the search for truth.

Role set

A role set is understood as a set of roles characteristic of a particular status. Thus, a doctor of science is in the role of a researcher, teacher, mentor, supervisor, consultant, etc. Each role implies its own ways of communicating with others. The same teacher behaves differently with colleagues, students, and the rector of the university.

The concept of “role set” describes the whole variety of social roles inherent in a particular status. No role is strictly assigned to its bearer. For example, one of the spouses remains unemployed and for some time (and perhaps forever) loses the roles of colleague, subordinate, manager, and becomes a housewife (householder).

In many families, social roles are symmetrical: both husband and wife equally act as breadwinners, masters of the house and educators of children. In such a situation, it is important to adhere to the golden mean: excessive passion for one role (company director, businesswoman) leads to a lack of energy and time for others (father, mother).

Role Expectations

The difference between social roles and mental states and personality traits is that roles represent a certain historically developed standard of behavior. There are requirements for the bearer of a particular role. Thus, a child must certainly be obedient, a schoolboy or student must study well, a worker must observe labor discipline, etc. Social status and social role oblige one to act one way and not another. The system of requirements is also called expectations.

Role expectations act as an intermediate link between status and role. Only behavior that corresponds to status is considered role-playing. If a teacher, instead of giving a lecture on higher mathematics, starts singing with a guitar, then students will be surprised, because they expect other behavioral reactions from an assistant professor or professor.

Role expectations consist of actions and qualities. Taking care of the child, playing with him, putting the baby to bed, the mother performs actions, and kindness, responsiveness, empathy, and moderate severity contribute to the successful implementation of actions.

Compliance with the role being performed is important not only to others, but also to the person himself. A subordinate strives to earn the respect of his superior and receives moral satisfaction from a high assessment of the results of his work. The athlete trains hard to set a record. The writer is working on a bestseller. A person’s social status obliges him to be at his best. If an individual's expectations do not meet the expectations of others, then internal and external conflicts arise.

Role conflict

Contradictions between role holders arise either due to inconsistency with expectations, or due to the fact that one role completely excludes another. The young man more or less successfully plays the roles of son and friend. But the guy's friends invite him to a disco, and his parents demand that he stay at home. The emergency doctor's child falls ill, and the doctor is urgently called to the hospital because a natural disaster has occurred. The husband wants to go to the dacha to help his parents, and the wife books a trip to the sea to improve the health of the children.

Resolving role conflicts is not an easy task. Participants in the confrontation have to decide which role is more important, but in most cases compromises are more appropriate. The teenager returns from the party early, the doctor leaves his child with his mother, grandmother or nanny, and the spouses negotiate the timing of participation in dacha work and travel time for the whole family.

Sometimes the solution to the conflict is leaving the role: changing jobs, going to university, getting a divorce. Most often, a person understands that he has outgrown this or that role or that it has become a burden to him. A change of roles is inevitable as the child grows and develops: infant, toddler, preschooler, primary school student, teenager, young man, adult. The transition to a new age level is ensured by internal and external contradictions.

Socialization

From birth, a person learns the norms, patterns of behavior and cultural values characteristic of a particular society. This is how socialization occurs and the individual’s social status is acquired. Without socialization, a person cannot become a full-fledged individual. Socialization is influenced by the media, cultural traditions of the people, social institutions (family, school, work collectives, public associations, etc.).

Purposeful socialization occurs as a result of training and upbringing, but the efforts of parents and teachers are adjusted by the street, the economic and political situation in the country, television, the Internet and other factors.

The further development of society depends on the effectiveness of socialization. Children grow up and occupy the status of their parents, taking on certain roles. If the family and the state do not pay enough attention to the upbringing of the younger generation, then degradation and stagnation occur in public life.

Members of society coordinate their behavior with certain standards. These may be prescribed norms (laws, regulations, rules) or unspoken expectations. Any non-compliance with standards is considered a deviation, or deviation. Examples of deviation are drug addiction, prostitution, alcoholism, pedophilia, etc. Deviation can be individual, when one person deviates from the norm, and group (informal groups).

Socialization occurs as a result of two interrelated processes: internalization and social adaptation. A person adapts to social conditions, masters the rules of the game, which are mandatory for all members of society. Over time, norms, values, attitudes, ideas about what is good and what is bad become part of the inner world of the individual.

People are socialized throughout their lives, and at each age stage, statuses are acquired and lost, new roles are learned, conflicts arise and are resolved. This is how personality development occurs.

All possible roles of a person in society as an individual cannot arise without a corresponding predetermining factor. In this case, it is the position of the individual in society, which is a complex system. At the same time, understanding what social status is and how it is related to the previous aspects is quite simple.

The role of man in society

Any modern resident is endowed with many rights and responsibilities, and therefore a certain number of specific roles. If we are talking about a child, then his main functions will be those that are included in the range of responsibilities in the family, school, public transport, in clubs, etc. If we consider the social status of a woman, then she tends to simultaneously perform the roles of wife, mother, daughter , employees, students, customers, friends and be in other, no less important forms. However, one cannot deny the fact that it would be somehow strange and unnatural to see an adult wealthy man sitting at a school bench, and a first-grader driving a trolleybus. Such actions go against the corresponding position occupied by a person in the world around him.

Determination of social status

Social status is the position of an individual in the social system - society, which is predetermined by the presence of appropriate opportunities, interests, knowledge, rights and responsibilities. As a rule, a self-sufficient, full-fledged person has several statuses simultaneously, realizing their components throughout his life.

Among the complex status set, one can distinguish the so-called superstatus, which is the main indicator of the integration of an individual into society. Often this criterion is considered to be profession, place of work or main type of employment. When meeting a person, we almost always think about what the stranger does for a living.
Other qualities and properties of the individual are also of interest. Although the decisive factor may be other factors, including nationality, religion or race, sexual orientation, past life experience or criminal record.

Varieties of position in society

When trying to recognize what social status is, you should familiarize yourself with its classification. Any position of an individual in the life of society can be classified into two fundamental types. The first type is performances prescribed to a person regardless of his desires, capabilities and financial components. These include gender, place of birth, national characteristics, ethnic origin. The second type is achieved social status or acquired, as they often talk about it. The achievement of his goals and peaks directly depends on the desire and abilities of a person. After all, husbands, leaders, doctors of science, football players, writers or engineers are not born, they are made.

Prescribed social status

The modern system of society is a very complex functioning formation, the institutions of which cease to work if any individual fails to fulfill the mass of responsibilities indicated by relations in individual social groups. With the goal of unanimously agreed upon fulfillment of the duties of the prescribed status from birth, a person goes through a long path of preparation and training to fulfill the assigned roles. The initial stage of personality formation takes place in early childhood according to additional criteria, which often serve as a formula for achieving success in the future. Age and gender criteria serve as the basis for role prescriptions in society. Following them are race, nationality, as well as religious and class gradations.

The first role learning that continues in childhood is some socialization processes depending on gender. In later life, they will have a huge impact on the formation and characteristics of the social status of an already established adult. For example, from the moment of birth, girls are destined for pink vests, many dolls and princesses. Young girls are gradually prepared for adult life, taught culinary tricks and the secrets of maintaining a home. It is not customary for little ladies to be raised in a boyish style. And although this type of parenting can sometimes be found, it is mostly considered bad form.

Features of the prescribed status

As for the education of boys, in adulthood it demonstrates the consequences of the educational process, which can be safely attributed to the opposite type. From a very early age, they know that it is better to be strong than weak, because they will have to protect timid girls, and then become a support and a strong shoulder for their entire family. Such methods, which contribute to the formation of personality, determine in the future the different social statuses of men and women.

It should be noted that many modern professions are relevant for representatives of both sexes. Some jobs can be done by women, and they can do them just as well as men, and vice versa. For example, in some states girls are not hired as domestic servants in wealthy homes. In particular, in the Philippines, only men are accepted to perform secretarial work, despite the fact that some hard work in the agricultural sector is amenable mainly to the weaker half of humanity.

Acquired position in society

What social status is can also be understood through the prism of achieved results. Each individual is given a wide choice of opportunities determined by prescribed statuses. Each person can acquire a new position in society using their individual abilities, preferences, diligence, or, oddly enough, luck. After all, Michael Young, the famous British sociologist, was quite successfully able to formulate a similar phenomenon. He said that the important titles of kings, lords and princesses are prescribed social statuses that are assigned to an individual regardless of the efforts he makes to achieve high ranks.

The acquired social status of a person in society is not given from birth; only persons suitable for this can acquire the corresponding position. Not all people born as men can acquire the status of husband or father. This will not happen automatically - it all depends on the actions, behavior and attitude to life of a particular individual. The formation of the desired status occurs through the use of talent, desire, determination and an active position.

The predominant importance of social statuses

Often in traditional societies, prescribed statuses are decisive, since further activity and the corresponding occupation of a particular public place depend on many factors related to the moment of birth. Men often try to be like their fathers and grandfathers, imitating them and wanting to adopt their skills in professions they have known since childhood. In addition, by nature a man is a hunter, fisherman and warrior. Naturally, it is quite difficult to literally realize this part of a man’s destiny in industrial societies, but having the freedom to choose occupations to achieve a particular position, incredible opportunities open up for today’s “breadwinners.”

Distribution in society by social status

For the successful functioning of the social system, a sufficient level of mobility of labor resources is required, which leads to a priority expression of orientation towards the personal characteristics of individuals, to replacing one status with another through the efforts made. Meanwhile, movement up the status ladder is under the constant control of the entire society in order to comply with the principles of justice, which allow only those people who have been able to truly prove themselves to acquire a high position in society. Those who could not find their successful “environment” will have to pay with uncompetitiveness and failure in new roles.
This implies a huge number of people who, being in the current situation, do not feel a sense of satisfaction.

How to achieve a high place in society?

Only a person who has gone through a long and difficult path can understand what a high-level social status is and how to use its privileges. It also happens that the acquired position subsequently obliges the individual to make changes not only in work activity, but also in everyday life, place of residence, circle of acquaintances and friends. When a person has to come face to face with difficulties that are significantly removed from the experience of his ancestors due to significant differences between his social status and the social position of his parents, the process of accepting new roles is predetermined by the emerging status.

An ideal society is considered to be one where the predominant number of social statuses are acquired. Isn't it fair if every person finds his place in the sun and strives for it, proving it with his abilities, work or talent? In addition, the opportunity to successfully prove oneself provides a chance to justify any significant shortcomings.

The absolutely opposite picture is in a society where in most cases a position in society is prescribed, but a person does not expect an increase in his status and does not make even the slightest effort to do so. People who earn little money doing low-prestige work do not feel guilty about having a low social status. Without comparing the current state of affairs with the situation of other, more ambitious and impetuous people, such an individual is not oppressed by a feeling of dissatisfaction, insecurity or fear of losing something.

1. Read the characteristics of the ancient commander Alexander the Great and complete the tasks.

Alexander the Great lived in the 4th century BC. He was the son of King Philip II of Macedonia. At the age of 20, Alexander became king. It is known that he was short, with long curly hair and white skin. He had a habit of tilting his head to the right and looking as if into the distance. Alexander was stubborn, resourceful, courageous, and had a strong will. He fought with the Persian king, conquered Egypt and many Asian states. On the occupied lands, Alexander created a powerful state, which collapsed after his death.

B. Which of these qualities do you think played a more important role in Alexander the Great's position in society and why?

Acquired qualities played a more important role, because it was they that helped Alexander the Great conquer many nations and create a large state. His innate qualities could not help him in this.

2. A person’s character (as opposed to innate qualities) is formed throughout life. Select from the suggested character traits the five most positive and five most negative qualities.

The five most positive qualities: courage, determination, responsibility, responsiveness, activity.

How can you educate them? Realizing your good and bad sides, correct self-esteem and self-development will help you cultivate positive qualities in yourself.

The five most negative qualities: laziness, rudeness, deceit, duplicity, touchiness.

How can you fight them? First of all, you need to realize that these qualities are present in you. You can get rid of them through self-knowledge and self-development.

4. Write a short coherent story on the topic “The position of man in society.” The following terms must be used in the story: innate traits, acquired traits, character, social status, responsibility, rights, responsibilities.

When a person is born, he has innate traits - external data. This is eye color, hair color, skin color. During the period of socialization, children learn to behave in society. They acquire certain skills, their character is formed: responsibility, courage, determination. These are all acquired traits. During life, a person acquires a social status that gives him certain rights and imposes certain responsibilities.

5. Look at the pictures and complete the tasks.

A. Determine which social statuses appeared only in modern society. Mark the person's current statuses with the letter "C".

Programmer, nationality, president, mobile phone buyer.

B. Write what is associated with the emergence of new social statuses in society.

The emergence of new social statuses with the technical, political and social development of society.

B. List social statuses.

Modern social statuses: programmer, pensioner, mother on maternity leave, buyer of household appliances, computer club visitor, pilot, astronaut, submarine captain, geneticist.

Statuses that exist at all times: mother, father, son, daughter, grandson, granddaughter, grandmother, grandfather, neighbor, brother, sister, teacher, student, doctor, military man, orphan, man, woman, child

6. We work with historical facts.

Franz Lefort (1655-1699), a Swiss by birth, a cheerful and friendly person, had a great influence on the views of Peter I. He became not only an adviser, but also a close, sincere friend of the young Tsar. Lefort served in the armies of different countries before he came to Russia and enlisted in the Russian army. Learned to speak Russian. He also spoke Dutch, German, Italian, English and French. Strong and dexterous, he fenced superbly, shot accurately, and was not afraid to ride a wild, unbroken horse.

Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (1730-1800) was born into the family of a guard officer. As a child, he was not in good health. Then Sasha began to harden himself: every day he doused himself with cold water, and practiced horse riding in any weather. His favorite book was “Notes on the Gallic War” by Gaius Julius Caesar. Later, Alexander Vasilyevich became a great commander. Suvorov's brilliant victories over Napoleonic troops and the legendary crossing of the Alps (1799) brought world fame to the seventy-year-old commander.

A. What qualities do you think helped F. Lefort and A.V. Suvorov to achieve a significant position in society?

Purposefulness, determination, responsibility, courage.

B. Determine the main social status of each.

Lefort - advisor to Peter I

Suvorov - commander

7. Name a contemporary person who has achieved a significant position in society. Describe him (character, interests, activities, successes).

Steven Spielberg. He was kicked out of school twice. He was denied admission to the film school at the University of Southern California three times, citing the fact that he was untalented. Instead, he went to Cal State Long Beach and went on to direct some of the biggest blockbusters in film history, winning three Oscars, the Legion of Merit, the Medal of Freedom, and an honorary degree in 1994 from the film school that turned him down three times.

What helped him achieve this position?

Purposefulness, self-confidence. He did not do as others told him, he did as he needed to.