The collection includes publications published on the territory of the Vyatka province - Kirov region in the 19th - 20th centuries. It contains more than 30 thousand documents. Includes books, periodicals and ongoing publications, geographical maps, postcards, and other illustrative materials.
Cultural heritage of the Kama region is an Internet project dedicated to the problems of preserving the historical and cultural heritage of the Perm region, and not only. In addition to information about monuments, you will soon find here biographies of famous Perm residents, get acquainted with the latest local history literature, and learn a lot of interesting things about the activities of regional cultural institutions - theaters, museums, libraries, creative groups and individual authors.
Literary travels around Perm. The site is dedicated to places in the city of Perm that are associated with literature.
"Ural Land..." is an encyclopedia in miniature. Here you will find information about the nature, geology, geography, culture and art of the Kama region from ancient times to the present day.
"OUR URAL"- this local history project is dedicated to the Urals: its wonderful nature, rich history, exciting mysteries and secrets, great fellow countrymen and much, much more.
Perm State Art Gallery— regional art museum of Russia. The collections comprise about 50,000 works of fine art from ancient times to the present, representing various types of art.
Perm Chronicle- a site dedicated to the most interesting and practically unknown history of the Perm region.
Perm Electronic Library - a project of the Perm Regional Library named after A.M. Gorky , launched in May 2015. The resource offers to get acquainted with digital copies of book editions stored in the collections of both the library and other book collections of various institutions, including from the personal collections of Perm collectors.
Perm State Archive of Contemporary History- the archive contains documents that reflect all periods in the history of the Kama region of the 20th and early 21st centuries: from documents of party, Komsomol and trade union construction to documents related to political repressions. The archive also stores more than a hundred personal funds and collections of documents of personal origin.
Perm animal style- the resource is entirely dedicated to the Perm animal style (PAS). Despite a hundred-year history of study, the Perm animal style still remains one of the most mysterious cultural phenomena of Eurasia. This is due to the lack of writing in the civilization of its creators and the lack of historical evidence about the Kama region during the heyday of the animal style.
Perm Museum of Local Lore- the oldest and largest museum in the Perm region. It has 600,000 storage units and includes more than 50 collections of regional, Russian and world significance; the museum’s objects include 22 historical and cultural monuments, of which 16 are monuments of federal significance and 6 of local significance.
Perm region: History on the screen is a half-century-long film chronicle of Perm. The video archive makes it possible to plunge into the atmosphere of the cultural life of past decades and restore the sensations of favorite, but now forgotten, concerts and performances, and expand knowledge about the historical and national-cultural heritage of the region.
Perm Museum of Contemporary Art- State Museum of Contemporary Art, created in Perm in 2009.
Perm regional server. Server sections cover almost all aspects of life in the region: history, culture and education, religion, business, politics, tourism, sports, media. Materials from the governor's press service, reference books, etc.
Writers of the Ural Land- project of the Centralized System of Children's and School Libraries in the city of Ozyorsk and the Chelyabinsk Regional Children's Library for schoolchildren in grades 1-9.
Nature of the Perm region- the official website contains information about the environmental situation in the Perm region. Specially protected natural areas of the Perm Territory of regional and local significance. Red Book of the Perm Territory.
Urals expert- news and opinion articles about the most important and interesting things; many directions: a guide to sights, history, archival documents, old photographs, the living world and ecology of the Urals, outstanding Urals, works of Ural writers, etc.; the territory under consideration is the entire Urals (Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Kurgan, Tyumen regions, Perm Territory, the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as partially Komi, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug);
Ural Library: The best articles and books about the Urals- on the site you can read many articles and books about our amazing places and people.
Encyclopedia "Perm region". In terms of the volume of collected materials about the Perm region, the encyclopedia has no analogues and is of interest to anyone interested in the rich historical and cultural heritage of the region. The encyclopedia includes articles about the regions and settlements of the region, materials on history, art, culture and nature. Particular attention is paid to the biographies of famous Permians who contributed to the development of our region, its economy, science, and culture.
“Love and know your native land” - who does not know this covenant of life?! You can love your land only when you know its secrets and riches, and discover the unknown in it.
On the pages of the book by Andrei Sergeevich Zelenin, readers will learn about the main historical events, outstanding people, cultural monuments and geographical features of Perm and the Perm region.
The publication is complemented by entertaining creative tasks, on the one hand, reinforcing the material, on the other, broadening one’s horizons.
The book is intended primarily for children aged 6–11 years, as well as students, teachers for preparing and conducting local history lessons, and can be used as a teaching aid on local history.
FIRST NAME, PATRONIC NAME, LAST NAME.
When a person is born, he is given a name. So as not to be asked later on the street: “Hey, you!” After all, who is this - “Hey, you!” - unclear!
Ancient people gave themselves names that were different from modern ones. These names were long and explained a lot. For example, one of them could sound like this: “A man who caught a bear and killed it to feed his family.”
Our ancestors - the Slavs - often named themselves in honor of the gods they invented for themselves. For example, the sun god is Yarilo. If a person was born in the morning, he could well be named after the Sun God.
The modern names that we receive from our parents came to us from different countries - different languages. For example, from Greek, Old Arabic, Old Germanic, Hebrew, Old Scandinavian, Celtic, Latin, Old Church Slavonic.
Content
Author's word
Homeland and what is connected with it
Task No. 1
First name, patronymic, last name
Task No. 2
Perm city
Task No. 3
Districts of Perm and Perm region, cities
Task No. 4
Streets of Perm
Task No. 5
Permian period
Task No. 6
Perm Great
Task No. 7
Perm province
Task No. 8
Perm region
Task No. 9
Komi-Permyak National (Autonomous) District
Task No. 10
Perm region
Task No. 11
Nationalities (peoples)
Perm region
Task No. 12
Perm rivers
Task No. 13
Flora of the Perm region
Task No. 14
Fauna of the Perm region
Task No. 15
Minerals
Perm region
Task No. 16
Names in history
Perm region
Task No. 17
Permian heroes
Task No. 18
Monuments of Perm
Task No. 19
Perm theaters, libraries, museums
Task No. 20
First. First. The most
Task No. 21
Books that are useful to leaf through, read and remember
Answers to the book's assignments.
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Perm local history has a long, rich history. Serious research work on the history of the region appeared long before the beginning of book printing in Perm. And the book publishing business, which arose here in 1792, immediately acquired a pronounced local history character.
There are many reasons for such an active local history movement in the Urals. Here are the features of the history of the region; its political and economic-geographical position; constant attention to the life of the region by the government, its interest in the study and development of the region; a constant influx here (for various purposes and for various reasons) of educated, knowledgeable people from the capitals.
Perm local history developed according to the same laws as all-Russian local history. The first significant works of local history were written by researchers of the Perm region - scientists, travelers, statesmen, writers, etc.
These are works dating back to the 18th century by V.N. Tatishchev, P.S. Pallas, P.P. Rychkov, I.I. Lepekhin, A.G. Humboldt and others.
Let us note here the works of V.N. Tatishchev, who stood not only at the foundation of Russian science and Russian local history, but also at the foundation of Perm local history, moreover, at the foundation of the general history of our city. Let us recall that it was V.N. Tatishchev who determined the site for the construction of the Yegoshikha plant - the future Perm. Perm material is constantly found in his famous “Russian Historical, Geographical, Political and Civil Lexicon”. His “Tale of the Mammoth Beast” is very interesting - the history of the Kungur Ice Cave and the Kungur region.
Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev
The works about the Urals by P. P. Rychkov, who, by the way, became the very first corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences in 1759, are also interesting.
P.I.RychkovHere it is necessary to mention the most interesting “Description of Perm factories” by Willim de Gennin.
Many of the works that we now consider the main sources for the study of the Perm region were created by Permians, but on the initiative, on the instructions of, as we would say now, the “center”.
William de Gennin First of all, this is the famous “Economic description of the Perm province in accordance with the outline of the St. Petersburg Free Economic Society, composed in 1802 and 1802 in the city of Perm” (Perm, 1804), compiled by N. S. Popov under the leadership of Governor K. F. Moderakh. And also: Mosel X. Materials for the geography and statistics of Russia, collected by officers of the General Staff. Perm province. Part 1-2. Compiled by Lieutenant Colonel X. Mosel of the General Staff. - St. Petersburg, 1864.
Of course, the main contribution to the development of Perm local history was made by the Perm people themselves - residents of our region, natives of the Perm province or people who lived and worked here for a long time. Thanks to them, we now have such an excellent fund of local history literature, a rich collection of archival documents, in a word, accumulated local history knowledge.
The most interesting local history works of the first half of the 19th century are the already mentioned work of N. S. Popov, and his “Historical and geographical description of the Perm province, composed for the atlas of 1800.” (Perm, 1801). Here it is necessary to mention the work of V. N. Berkh “Travel to the cities of Cherdyn and Solikamsk to research historical antiquities” (St. Petersburg, 1821).
Among the first Perm local historians one can also name the manager of the Stroganov estates F.A. Volegov, priests Gavriil Sapozhnikov and Ippolit Slovtsov.
The second half of the 19th century is the heyday of Perm local history. It began with the publication in Moscow of two volumes of the “Perm Collection” by D. D. Smyshlyaev (1859-1860). By the way, in his review of the first volume of the collection in the Sovremennik magazine, critic N.A. Dobrolyubov essentially formulated another reason for such an active development of local history in the Urals. Presenting to readers a collection of articles about the Perm region, remarkable in all respects, N.A. Dobrolyubov wrote: “In the provinces live people who reason, who are seriously interested in science and literature, who lovingly follow the modern trend of thought. It’s in the provinces that efficient, strong people usually develop, and from there they come to the capitals “with a thirst for knowledge and work,” with fresh strength and love for work.”
Dmitry Dmitrievich Smyshlyaev There were people in our region who were capable of not only raising local history to the highest level, but also infecting more and more followers with their passion - and so such a phenomenon as Perm local history traditions was born. Following the “Perm Collection”, the most interesting local history publications appear one after another. Let us note once again that book publishing in the Perm region has never been commercial - always production and local history in nature.
Let's try to formulate what exactly Perm local history traditions are, why we consider Perm local history to be a striking phenomenon in the cultural life of our region.
Traditions are historically established experiences and practices passed down from generation to generation in any area of social life, reality, etc.
What are the features of local history activities in the Perm province in the 19th - early 20th centuries that allow us to talk about the existing experience and practice in this area?
Apparently, we can identify three such features, three principles that our predecessors adhered to in their activities to one degree or another:
1) continuity;
2) professionalism;
3) organization, coordination of local history activities.
1. Continuity.
A characteristic feature of Perm local historians of the 19th and early 20th centuries was respect for the works of their predecessors. It is natural for all major local historians to realize that they are not just a solitary amateur, but a continuer of work already begun on studying their native land.
One specific example of such continuity is the chronological chronicles of the city of Perm, covering almost the entire history of the city until 1917.
Continuity consisted not only in the desire to continue the work of local historians and predecessors, but also in the awareness of one’s responsibility for their works, preserved in handwritten form, scattered, unpublished, unknown to the reader. A huge amount of such materials was found and published by D. D. Smyshlyaev, A. A. Dmitriev, V. N. Shishonko and others, often at their own expense.
Alexander Alekseevich Dmitriev It is important to note that publication was usually preceded by serious preparation of the material. It was accompanied by a preface, contemporary notes and explanations.
Vasily Nikiforovich Shishonko This work became more streamlined with the formation of the Perm Provincial Scientific Archival Commission.
Not limiting themselves to publishing the works of local historians and the archival documents they found, our predecessors tried to somehow perpetuate their memory, looked for information about their lives and activities, published essays dedicated to them, detailed obituaries, and compiled a bibliography of their works. There are a lot of examples here. The most striking are serious research essays by A. A. Dmitriev about F. A. Volegov, P. N. Slovtsov and others.
Continuity also lay in the fact that all the major local historians of the past consciously worked for the future, prepared the ground for future research, and tried to make the work of their followers easier.
2. Professionalism
Two hundred years ago the first book was published in Perm. Now we have a rich collection of local history. “Economic description of the Perm province” by N. S. Popov, multi-volume “Perm Chronicle” by V. N. Shishonko, eight editions of “Perm Antiquity” by A. A. Dmitriev, geographical dictionary by N. K. Chupin, “time-based” or continuing editions D D. Smyshlyaeva “Perm Collection” and “Perm Region” - no serious historian can do without these books. But almost all of them were created not by historians, but simply by local historians. True, then they called themselves differently - experts or zealots of the Perm region, lovers of Ural antiquity, etc.
There are many fans of the Perm region even now, among modern local historians. But our predecessors, those whose names remain in the history of local history, were distinguished by the professionalism of their local history activities. Almost all of them had some kind of special education or profession. D. D. Smyshlyaev was a merchant, V. N. Shishonko was a doctor, N. N. Novokreshchenykh was a mining engineer, A. E. and F. A. Teploukhov were foresters, Ya. V. Shestakov was a priest. V. S. Verkholantsev also had a spiritual education, who wrote in his autobiography: “I consider local history to be my specialty.” At the same time, all these people were professional local historians.
In an effort to achieve the best results of their work, they mastered archeography and bibliography to perfection, becoming professional publishers, editors, journalists, museum workers, archivists, and archaeologists. The most striking example is D. D. Smyshlyaev.
Any beginning local historian in our time can appreciate the importance of all these skills and recognize their necessity. How many mistakes happen due to the inability to work with an archival document or understand the bibliography. How often does a person follow the wrong trail or repeat a discovery already made by someone, not knowing the system of archival institutions and libraries, not being able to find the material he needs, although it happens to lie on the surface.
The following should be noted here. It is no secret that in many of the works of our predecessors we sometimes find errors and inaccuracies. The last thing I would like to do is idealize these people. It should be emphasized once again that when speaking about the professionalism of local historians of the 19th - early 20th centuries, we mean, first of all, their approach to the matter, their attitude towards it, the requirements that they made of themselves as local historians and which they sought to meet.
One of these requirements is unconditional objectivity and honesty in research work. Without this it is impossible to become a professional. Professionalism is incompatible with “ideological considerations.”
3. Organization, coordination of local history activities
The desire to organize local history activities can be traced by referring to the documents related to the preparation for publication of the already mentioned “Perm Collection”. D. D. Smyshlyaev and his assistant in the compilation work, teacher of the Perm gymnasium N. A. Firsov, in fact, not only formed a team of authors, but also laid the foundations for the organization and coordination of the scattered local history movement that already existed in the province. Having identified in various ways people involved in studying the history of the region, D. D. Smyshlyaev no longer lost touch with them. Among the authors of the collection are the forester from Ilyinsky A.E. Teploukhov, the researcher of the life of the Komi-Permyaks N. Rogov, the folklorist and ethnographer A.N. Zyryanov and many others.
Alexander Efimovich Teploukhov From this point of view, it is very interesting to look at the leaflets distributed then by the publishers of the collection: “Announcement about the ongoing publication of the Perm Collection,” “Announcement from the editors of the Perm Collection,” “Program for the timely publication of the Perm Collection.” In essence, these documents are a well-thought-out program of local history activities for many years to come. Moreover, this program can well be used by us, modern local historians. The awareness of one’s involvement in the common cause of studying and developing one’s native land helped one choose the right direction for one’s own searches. Apparently, thanks to this, the local history knowledge accumulated by our predecessors represents a complex, an integral structure without particularly large white spots - areas untouched by researchers. We have rich material on almost all branches of knowledge: history, economics, culture, everyday life and folk customs, folklore, etc.
It is very important to note that the high level of Perm local history was achieved through the combined efforts of government agencies, the public, and publishers. Everything is interconnected here. A huge amount of local history materials were published by the provincial statistical committee, zemstvo, and various “departmental” institutions. Local history activities were generally characteristic of zemstvo institutions and should become the topic of a special study.
Newspapers, and above all Permskie Vedomosti, played a major role in the dissemination of local history knowledge.
An important stage in the development of Perm local history was the opening of the Provincial Scientific Archival Commission and the Scientific and Industrial Museum. With their formation, the organization of the local history movement in the province was completed. These institutions naturally headed all local history activities and coordinated them.
Gradually, a system of local history associations, societies and circles was formed. One of the largest - UOLE - was opened in Yekaterinburg in 1870. His commission worked in Perm.
The church also contributed to the development of local history. This topic - church local history - is also waiting for its researchers. Many clergy began to study local history, leaving works, books, and manuscripts. Here you can list many names: G. Sapozhnikov - the first Perm Chronicle, E. A. Popov - the most serious work “The Great Perm Diocese (1379-1879)” and a number of other works; A. Lukanin - the most famous work “Church-historical and archaeological description of the city of Solikamsk” (1882) and other works; V. S. Verkholantsev - books about Perm; Y. V. Shestakov generally stands as an individual - local historian, journalist, publisher, missionary.
The above-mentioned E. A. Popov was an ardent preacher of love for his land. This is what he said, for example, in his sermon to the parishioners of the Church of the Resurrection on the centenary day of Perm, October 18, 1881. “Perm and the Perm province constitute our fatherland in the closest sense. From this follows a whole series of our responsibilities to this country. First of all, who shouldn’t love their homeland? In many people this love is unconscious, for example, it manifests itself as “longing on the other side.” But one must want it to be conscious, reasonable.
Evgeniy Alekseevich Popov They do not humiliate us at all, on the contrary, they still elevate a simple village or small town - our homeland, as well as our descent from simple parents. It is strange to hear how sometimes people who, due to work or other circumstances, must live after the capital or other glorious city in a small remote town, complain about their new location. In the new place, these people don’t like anything, everything is not to their liking, everything is low for them, everyone is unworthy of them. What pride! Is not the Lord's earth and its fulfillment everywhere? And so, if the homeland is dear to each of us, then every feature in it, joyful or sad, should evoke sympathy in us.”
The activities of the Perm Diocesan Church-Archaeological Society, opened in 1912, were and promised to be very effective in the future. Unfortunately, he published only two issues of Izvestia - in 1915 and 1917.
All local history institutions and societies are characterized by the following areas of work: planning and reporting; support and encouragement of community members; the direction of their search activities; publishing activities; educational activities - active appearances in the press, open meetings, organizing exhibitions, giving lectures, etc.
The activities of local historians of the late 19th and early 20th centuries are characterized by the most active participation in public life. Many examples can be given here.
So, at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, such a phenomenon in the life of our region as Perm local history traditions finally took shape. Why are we now talking not about a continuation, but about their revival?
The local history movement never stopped in our country. Even in the difficult thirties, it found some way out.
Nowadays, local history occupies an increasingly prominent place in the public life of the country. It has also become noticeably more active in our region. Serious research works, review articles on the history of local history, and methodological materials appear one after another.
And at the same time, even superficially analyzing the state of local history before and after 1917, we will come to the conclusion that the Perm local history traditions were discontinued with the establishment of Soviet power and were completely lost over time. Let us emphasize once again that we are talking specifically about traditions - experience, the practice of local history work.
In fact, how can we talk about continuity if almost all Soviet local history began from scratch—the starting point was 1917. The works of our predecessors are now known, for a number of reasons, to only a few. Not only their works - their names mean nothing to the population.
We can’t even talk about professionalism. What can we talk about if, until recently, archival funds were closed and literature was hidden in special collections of libraries? The skill of publishing and editing was of no use.
However, this all concerned not only local history. Professionalism was generally not held in high esteem in the Soviet Union.
There is no need to talk long about the coordination and organization of local history work; it is clear that it was carried out precisely in the Soviet sense.
Let us compare only the attitude in society towards local historians that existed at the beginning of the 20th century and that has developed to this day. It is no secret that even now there is still an attitude towards these people as annoying eccentrics, although changes are finally noticeable.
Apparently, it is necessary here to dwell briefly on such a phenomenon as the surge in local history activity in the 1920s. S. O. Schmidt called these years the “golden decade” of Soviet local history. Judging by some publications in recent years, including those related to Perm local history, many researchers agree with this definition. I think this is incorrect. If we agree with this definition, we must take 1917 as the date of birth of Soviet local history, then the rise in the 20s, the defeat in the 30s, and a gradual revival in the future. But that's not true. In fact, the 1920s were a time when local history, including Perm, tried to adapt to new conditions.
During these years, local history societies and circles arose in Perm and other cities of the region. But these circles were led and worked in mostly by people who had already done a lot in this area before 1917. In essence, they simply continued their work after a break of several years (1918-1919-1920-1921). The break was explained by the fact that during these years there were practically no local historians left in Perm. Together with the overwhelming majority of the Perm intelligentsia, in June 1919 they were evacuated to Siberia following Kolchak’s troops.
Having returned, trying to adapt to completely new living conditions, these people involuntarily reached out to each other, tried to unite and thereby preserve, at least to some extent, the environment familiar to them. S. O. Schmidt speaks well about this in his article: “The awareness of the need to preserve cultural monuments united everyone who understood their general cultural and historical value, even people of dissimilar socio-political views. Moreover, not accepting or frightened by everything that was happening around, torn away from their usual business and the usual comforts of life, some educated intellectuals, active by nature, found it in this area to use their knowledge and cultural skills, without compromising, essentially, social political principles, as if they were moving away from active life (in its previous forms) into local history and the sphere of monument protection.”
Of course, one can come to the conclusion that this is how, involuntarily, local historians of the “pre-revolutionary hardening” ensured the “golden” Soviet decade. Unfortunately, to date there are practically no comprehensive, document-based studies of local history activities in these years. Meanwhile, enough documents have survived to clearly imagine the conditions under which this activity was carried out.
Let us turn, for example, to the documents of just one archival file in the fund of the Perm District Administrative Department of the State Academy of Postgraduate Education (form R-115: “Case of the Northern Territory Study Club at Perm University”).
Much has been written about the activities of the circle; we will not dwell on it here.
Why was a file about the work of the circle opened and kept in the collections of the administrative department? Beginning with the formation of the circle, officially authorized by the GPU, all its activities took place under the vigilant control of the GPU and the administrative department. The agenda of each meeting, without exception, was sent first to the administrative department, then forwarded to the GPU, returned with a resolution, and only then approved. Every protocol of the meeting, and the most detailed one, also came here and was preserved in the file. Information about members of the circle is also stored here - lists were regularly compiled, questionnaires were filled out, reports were written - how many non-party members were in the circle, how many Komsomol members, etc. The chairman of the circle, P. S. Bogoslovsky and secretary V. Serebrennikov, apparently compiled hundreds of such documents. An act of inspection of the activities of the circle by the inspector of the Okrotdepartment is also kept on file, which states, in particular, that “the procedure for recruiting members is carried out in strict accordance with paragraph 5 of the Charter...”, etc.
Pavel Stepanovich Bogoslovsky Unfortunately, it is impossible to list all the documents here, but now everyone can get acquainted with them.
Of course, even in such conditions, local historians managed to achieve truly significant results in the 20s. But it is impossible to take into account the results of their activities that could have been achieved under normal operating conditions.
This state of affairs existed, of course, not only in our region. That is why the term “golden decade” is inappropriate and incorrect. Let us cite here the statement of another famous local historian in the 1920s, V.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky: “I call the local history movement great because it was truly a selfless general movement of the provincial intelligentsia to save all the numerous monuments from countless accidents at that time culture in both cities and rural areas."
How can one call a “golden” decade when devastation and defeat reigned in the country, and local historians united, trying to save the fragments?
This may be a controversial issue, but one thing is clear: this period in the history of Perm local history remains to be studied.
During these years, a new Soviet local history was truly born, rose to its feet, and took shape. A completely new phenomenon in the sense in which Soviet literature, Soviet art, etc. were absolutely new. It had its own characteristics, completely different from pre-revolutionary local history. It is impossible to say unequivocally that it was better or worse - it was different. We will not consider its features here - this is a topic for another conversation. Let us only note that the local history literature of the 20s is now of unconditional interest for historians, local historians, and teachers. Methods for studying small towns, methods of local history research, advice to local historians - all this can be safely adopted from publications of the 1920s.
Concluding the conversation about the loss of local history traditions during the Soviet period, it should be noted that there were exceptions here. Such an exception was, for example, the activities of B. N. Nazarovsky, who worked precisely in accordance with the previously listed principles of local history activities and that is why he managed to do so much. (See: Citizen of Perm: Collection in memory of B. N. Nazarovsky, journalist and local historian. - Perm, 1993).
Boris Nikandrovich Nazarovsky Ways to revive Perm local history traditions.
What are the specific ways to revive local history traditions? What needs to be done in order to raise our local history to a higher quality level, so that it again becomes a phenomenon, a factor in our lives?
There must be continuity in our local history work. It is necessary to restore the broken “connection of times.” To do this, we must first of all bring to the attention of the general reader the local history knowledge that was developed by our predecessors. They remain inaccessible even now: the circulation of literature is small, it is difficult to get into the archives. And most importantly, people do not know that this knowledge exists, so there is no demand for it, no interest.
It is important to note: we are talking here not only about pre-revolutionary local history. There are interesting studies by our contemporaries or recently departed local historians - we need to identify and promote them.
In restoring the continuity of local history activities, it is necessary to think through a program for educating future local historians or to take part in the implementation of a program already developed by someone, for example, by educational authorities.
To revive professionalism in local history activities, it is necessary to provide information, bibliographic and methodological assistance to local historians, and to establish a system for providing this assistance.
We can list more specific, primary tasks facing Perm local historians:
— to organize the work of the regional society “Local History of the Kama Region” created in March 1990;
- organize and conduct a methodological meeting of all organizations and institutions of local history and solve the problem of coordinating local history work;
— consider the possibilities of material and other assistance and support for publishing houses producing local history literature.
Solving these problems will help us finally begin the revival of Perm local history traditions.
Introduction
Geography of the Perm region
Vishera Reserve
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
To preserve the most significant natural complexes in the Perm region, 2 federal-level reserves, 31 regional-level reserves were created, including 5 landscape, 1 ornithological, 18 biological (hunting) and 7 biological micro-reserves, and 189 natural monuments were taken under protection.
The list of protected natural territories and objects of the Perm region includes natural parks, dendrological parks, botanical gardens, natural reserves, historical, natural and cultural areas and areas, ethnocultural territories, protected landscapes, suburban and green areas, forests, parks and other green areas. plantings of settlements, natural healing resources, medical and recreational areas and resorts, rare and endangered species of animals, plants, fungi and lichens included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the Red Book of the Middle Urals (within the Perm region).
In total, there are 387 specially protected natural areas in the Perm region, their total area exceeds 1.1 million hectares, which is about 9 percent of the region’s territory. The distribution of specially protected areas in the Perm region is extremely uneven: in the Krasnovishersky district there are 25 of them, in the Solikamsky - 26, in the Cherdynsky - 57, and one each in the Perm, Vereshchaginsky, Elovsky and Chastinsky districts.
The legal regime of specially protected natural areas and objects of regional and local significance is regulated by the legislation of the Perm region: the Law of the Perm region “On the protection of the natural environment of the Perm region” dated June 20, 1996 and the Law of the Perm region “On the historical, cultural and natural heritage of the Perm region” dated February 20, 1997.
Geography of the Perm region
The Perm region occupies an area of 160,236.5 sq. km on the eastern edge of the Russian Plain and the western slope of the Middle and Northern Urals, at the junction of two parts of the world - Europe and Asia. It covers approximately 1/5 of the territory of the Ural economic region and represents, as it were, an eastern “outpost” of Europe, 99.8% of which belongs to this part of the world and only 0.2% to Asia. The region's territory is almost entirely located in the basin of the Kama River, the largest tributary of the Volga River. The Kama, through a system of canals, provides access by water to five seas (Caspian, Azov, Black, Baltic and White). The maximum length of the region from north to south is 645 km, from west to east - 417.5 km. The northernmost point of the Kama region - Mount Pura-Munit (1094 m) on the watershed Ural ridge in the headwaters of the Khozya, Vishera and Purma rivers - has coordinates 61o 39 "N. Latitude. The southernmost point is near the former village of Elnik, Biyavashsky village council, Oktyabrsky district (56o06 "s. sh). The extreme point in the west is a kilometer northeast of height 236, on the watershed of the Lapyu, Peles, Kazhim rivers at 51o47" E, in the east is the highest point of the Khoza-Tump ridge, Mount Rakht-Sori-Syahl (1007 m) under 59o29" in. d. The borders are very winding, their length is more than 2,2 thousand km. The region borders on two regions and three republics of the Russian Federation: in the north with the Komi Republic, in the west with the Kirovka region and Udmurtia, in the south with Bashkiria, in the east with the Sverdlovsk region.
The Perm region was formed on October 3, 1938 by separating from the Sverdlovsk region. As of the beginning of 1995, there were 36 administrative districts, 25 cities (including 13 of regional subordination), 56 urban-type settlements and 516 village councils in the region.
Specially protected natural areas of the Perm region
As of 2007, there are 375 specially protected natural areas in the Perm region, which occupy about 10% of the region’s territory. Of these, 325 are at the regional (regional) level, 48 are local and 2 are federal.
In 2004, work was almost completed to improve the regulatory framework of existing specially protected natural areas (SPNA) of regional (regional) significance and ways of developing the PA system in the region were outlined.
By Decree of the Governor of the Perm Region dated June 26, 2001 No. 163 “On clarifying the status, category, boundaries and protection regime of specially protected natural areas,” changes were made to the characteristics and protection regime of more than 70% of protected areas. Including: the protection regime of 228 was established or changed, the boundaries of 220 were approved or changed, the categories of 130 were changed, the status of 123 was removed, the status of 25 protected areas was changed. The purpose of the changes is to improve the quality of protection and expand the possibility of using protected areas in environmental educational activities. As part of the implementation of the decree, 212 protected area passports were issued and approved. Taking into account the decree of the regional governor dated June 26, 2001 No. 163 “On clarifying the status, category, boundaries and protection regime of specially protected natural areas,” we can talk about a radical update of the regulatory framework of specially protected natural areas of the Perm region.
The need to make additions and changes to existing regulations (resolutions of the regional administration dated 04/28/81 No. 81 “On measures to ensure the safety of wild plants and botanical monuments of nature”, dated 06/07/88 No. 139 “On measures to ensure the safety of monuments nature of the Perm region", dated December 12, 1991, No. 285 "On giving the status of protected natural areas to objects and landscapes of the Perm region") is caused by a number of reasons: the inconsistency of the above decisions with the current environmental legislation of the Russian Federation and the Perm region, the lack of approved boundaries and protection regime 60% protected areas.
The purpose of these changes is to improve the quality of protection and the possibility of using protected areas in environmental educational activities. The current state of protected areas in the region is given in tables 11.1 and 11.2
The governor of the Perm region signed a decree “On the reservation of lands for the organization of specially protected natural areas for 2001-2015” dated 01.08.2001 No. 188, in accordance with which lands were reserved for 20 protected areas with an area of 234.2 thousand hectares. In accordance with this decree, a project for organizing the Oslyansky landscape reserve has been prepared.
In 2001, work began on the restoration of the unique historical and natural complex “Kuzminka” in the village. Ilyinskoe. The park has plantations of tree crops dating back more than a century.
In 2002, it is planned to develop projects for the organization of new protected areas on the Chusovaya and Berezovaya rivers, as well as to continue work on the development of protected areas of recreational importance, including the Kuzminki complex.
Table 1
Specially protected natural areas of the Perm region
Specially protected natural territories | Square | |||
| from the protected area area | from the area of the region |
|||
| Federal level: | 2 | 279157, 0 | 22, 5 | 2, 19 |
| Reserves | 2 | 279157, 0 | 22, 5 | 2, 19 |
| Regional (regional) level: | 325 | 954698, 45 | 76, 8 | 7, 5 |
| Wildlife sanctuaries: | 32 | 569729, 9 | 45, 8 | 4, 5 |
| - landscape | 6 | 129715, 0 | 10, 4 | 1, 02 |
| - ornithological | 7 | 122, 9 | 0, 01 | 0, 001 |
| - biological, hunting | 19 | 439912, 0 | 35, 39 | 3, 45 |
| Natural monuments: | 166 | 11621, 85 | 0, 9 | 0, 1 |
| - complex and landscape | 75 | 5463, 5 | 0, 44 | 0, 04 |
| - botanical | 36 | 4436, 5 | 0, 36 | 0, 03 |
| - geological | 47 | 608, 95 | 0, 049 | 0, 005 |
| - hydrological | 7 | 1112, 9 | 0, 7 | 0, 009 |
| - zoological | 1 | Not defined | - | - |
| 33 | 6161, 7 | 0, 49 | 0, 05 | |
| Protected natural landscapes | 81 | 364720, 2 | 29, 3 | 2, 9 |
| Natural reserves: | 12 | 3900, 9 | 0, 3 | 0, 03 |
| - landscape | 7 | 611, 2 | 0, 049 | 0, 005 |
| - botanical | 5 | 3289, 7 | 0, 26 | 0, 03 |
| Botanical gardens | 1 | 27, 5 | 0, 002 | 0, 0002 |
| Local (district, city) level | 48 | 9339, 49 | 0, 75 | 0, 07 |
| Natural monuments | 11 | 6, 58 | 0, 0005 | 0, 0001 |
| - landscape | 1 | 0, 28 | 0, 00002 | 0, 000002 |
| - geological | 10 | 6, 3 | 0, 001 | 0, 0001 |
| Nature reserves | 9 | 3170, 95 | 0, 26 | 0, 02 |
| - landscape | 3 | 2363, 4 | 0, 19 | 0, 02 |
| - botanical | 5 | 802, 55 | 0, 06 | 0, 006 |
| - zoological | 1 | 5, 0 | 0, 0004 | 0, 00004 |
| Histor. - natural guarded complexes: | 3 | 7, 8 | 0, 001 | 0, 0001 |
| -Protected natural landscapes | 20 | 4467, 0 | 0, 36 | 0, 04 |
| -Settlement Park | 4 | 833, 16 | 0, 07 | 0, 007 |
| -Protection zone of local significance | 1 | 854, 0 | 0, 07 | 0, 007 |
| Total | 1243194, 94 | 100 | 9, 8 |
table 2
Distribution of protected areas across administrative territories of the region
| District, city | Number of protected areas, | Area of protected areas | ||
% of area administrative unit |
||||
| Alexandrovsk | 5513 | 16 | 38137, 8 | 6, 9 |
| Bardymsky district | 2382 | 7 | 11758, 4 | 4, 9 |
| Berezniki | 401, 7 | 3 | 3471, 0 | 8, 6 |
| Berezovsky district | 1977 | 3 | 283, 6 | 0, 1 |
| Bolshesosnovsky district | 2220 | 19 | 22520, 0 | 10, 1 |
| Vereshchaginsky district | 1621 | 1 | 215, 0 | 0, 1 |
| Gornozavodsky district | 7057 | 16 | 50871, 3 | 7, 2 |
| Gremyachinsk | 1114, 7 | 3 | 17778, 5 | 15, 9 |
| Gubakha | 1009 | 12 | 11152, 5 | 11, 1 |
| Dobryansky district | 5192 | 17 | 52459, 9 | 10, 1 |
| Elovsky district | 1449 | 1 | 689, 0 | 0, 5 |
| Ilyinsky district | 3069 | 6 | 5913, 95 | 1, 9 |
| Karagai district | 2394 | 6 | 30609, 1 | 12, 8 |
| Kizel | 1390 | 2 | 8, 1 | 0, 006 |
| Kishert district | 1412 | 21 | 20301, 4 | 14, 4 |
| Krasnovishersky district | 15375 | 23 | 388641, 0 | 25, 3 |
| Krasnokamsk | 958 | 6 | 2001, 4 | 2, 1 |
| Kuedinsky district | 2616 | 4 | 45128, 2 | 17, 3 |
| Kungursky district | 4416 | 19 | 27542, 9 | 6, 2 |
| Lysvensky district | 3695, 9 | 18 | 3113, 7 | 0, 8 |
| Nytvensky district | 1656 | 4 | 2768, 6 | 1, 7 |
| Oktyabrsky district | 3444 | 2 | 12001, 5 | 3, 5 |
| Orda district | 1418 | 2 | 3, 0 | 0, 002 |
| Osinsky district | 2057 | 5 | 12493, 6 | 6, 1 |
| Okhansky district | 1516 | 5 | 32430, 2 | 21, 4 |
| Ochersky district | 1330 | 13 | 19262, 5 | 14, 5 |
| Perm | 798 | 8 | 4251, 86 | 5, 3 |
| Permsky district | 3900 | 1 | 20, 0 | 0, 005 |
| Sivinsky district | 2517 | 2 | 129, 5 | 0, 05 |
| Solikamsky district | 5421 | 25 | 51817, 7 | 9, 6 |
| Suksunsky district | 1677 | 9 | 8451, 07 | 5, 04 |
| Uinsky district | 1555 | 8 | 38738, 0 | 24, 9 |
| Usolsky district | 4666 | 11 | 40867, 2 | 8, 8 |
| Chaikovsky district | 2124 | 3 | 29594, 0 | 13, 9 |
| Chastinsky district | 1632 | 1 | No data | - |
| Cherdynsky district | 20872 | 55 | 254111, 88 | 12, 2 |
| Chernushinsky district | 1676 | 4 | 1065, 0 | 0, 6 |
| Chusovsky district | 3504, 8 | 19 | 2592, 58 | 0, 7 |
| Total | 127336, 5 | 380 | 1243194, 94 | 9, 8 |
Vishera Reserve
Vishera State Nature Reserve was established in February 1991. and is located in the extreme northeast of the Perm region. The area of the reserve is 241,200 hectares, which is 15.6% of the area of the Krasnovishersky district and 1.5% of the region.
The reserve includes the drainage area of the upper reaches of the river. Vishers with tributaries - the rivers: Vels, Moiva, Lypya, Niols, Lopya, Halsoriya.
In structural and tectonic terms, the territory of the reserve belongs to the Central Ural uplift, which is represented by Riphean metamorphosed sedimentary complexes, saturated with intrusive formations and the Western Ural folding zone, formed by Paleozoic carbonate complexes.
Karst formation processes are intensively manifested here: karst sinkholes, dry lands, diving rivers. There are also caves that are quite extensive and very poorly studied.
The contrast of rocks in stability and the currently ongoing processes of mountain building have led to the formation of a sharply dissected mountainous country with elevation differences of 800-1200 m. The maximum height above sea level is 1469.8 m (Mount Tulym).
The climate of the reserve is continental boreal type, characterized by moderately warm summers and long cold winters. The average annual air temperature is 2.00C, the average January temperature is -19.00C, July is +15.00C. The duration of the warm season is 160-170 days. The average soil temperature is +5.00C. The average annual pressure is about 710.3 mm Hg. Annual precipitation is 1000 mm. Among the special atmospheric phenomena are fogs (190-200 days a year), thunderstorms, and snowstorms.
The mountain flora of the Vishera Urals occupies an intermediate position between the Arctic and boreal floras, and is similar to the flora of the Polar Urals and Bolshezemelskaya tundra. On the territory of the reserve there are about 528 species of higher vascular plants, of which about two dozen are listed in the Red Book of the Middle Urals: Helma's minuartia, Shiverekia Podolskaya, Perm anemone, Alpine aster, lady's slipper spotted, Lyubka bifolia, night violet, Rhodiola rosea, evasive peony and others. The list of mosses includes about 100 species, the list of lichens includes 286, of which 2 are rare.
The fauna of invertebrate animals is practically not studied. According to estimates for the northeast of the European part, the number of insect species in the reserve is about 8,200.
The vertebrate fauna of the reserve has a typical taiga appearance with characteristic European (pine marten, European mink) and Siberian (Siberian salamander, nutcracker, red-backed vole, sable) species living together in one territory. In some areas, there are inhabitants of open steppe (harrier, kestrel, common mole) and near-water (great merganser, fowler) areas; amphibiotic species (grass and sharp-faced frogs, beaver, muskrat, otter) and species characteristic of the tundra zone (will and tundra partridges, arctic fox, reindeer).
The fauna of the reserve is characterized by 3 species of amphibians and reptiles, 6 species of fish, 143 species of birds and 35 species of mammals.
The fish recorded on the territory of the reserve belong to three faunal complexes - Arctic, Ponto-Caspian and boreal-plain. Most species are cold-loving; there are glacial relics. The most numerous and widespread are: river minnow, grayling, less often - taimen, sculpin goby.
The avifauna of the reserve is unique, this was the reason for the allocation of this area to a special ornithological district - Repeysky. A number of nesting, migratory and migratory birds (golden plover, merlin, snapper, horned cocklew, waxwing, bluetail, warbler, bee-eater, etc.) are typical only for the territory of the reserve and are extremely rare in other areas of the Perm region.
On the territory of the reserve there are species of birds listed in the Red Book of the Middle Urals: black-throated auk, lesser lesser white-fronted lesser white-fronted lesser white-fronted white-fronted owl, whooper swan, osprey, greater spotted eagle, white-tailed eagle, peregrine falcon, merlin, eagle owl, great owl, hawk owl, great gray owl.
During 2001, the reserve carried out work to protect the territory, scientific research, environmental propaganda and education.
During 2001, the reserve protection department detained 8 violators of the reserve regime. Three new cordons began to function (at the Lypya farm, at the mouth of the Listvennichny stream and Toshemka). Compared to previous years, the number of violations of the reserve regime has decreased.
In the past year, the scientific department carried out winter censuses of commercial mammals; work was carried out to count birds; on the study of lichens and mosses; works on hydrobiology; phenological and meteorological observations were carried out.
Last year, entomological research was continued at the scientific apiary (study of the Vishera superrace of bees with the aim of creating an apidological reserve as an integral part of the protected area).
State Nature Reserve "Basegi"
The Basegi State Nature Reserve was organized in 1982 with the aim of preserving and studying the natural complexes of native mid-taiga spruce-fir forests located on the slopes of the Basegi ridge (Western spurs of the Ural ridge).
The reserve is located on the territory of the Gornozavodsky and Gremyachinsky districts of the Perm region. Geographic coordinates - 58050`s. w. and 58030`v. d. The area of the reserve is 37,957 hectares, the area of the protective zone is 21,345 hectares.
The territory of the Basegi Nature Reserve is located within the western macroslope of the Main Ural Range. The central line of the reserve stretches from north to south along the Basegi ridge, which has the appearance of well-separated mountain peaks of Northern Baseg (952 m above sea level), Middle Baseg (994 m) and Southern Baseg (851 m).
The ridge itself is the watershed of the Usva and Vilva rivers (tributaries of the Chusovaya River) and has a well-defined altitudinal zone, which determines the species composition and characteristics of flora and fauna. There are mountain-forest, subalpine, mountain-tundra altitudinal belts. The latter, represented by the unique mountain tundra, is the most valuable and most vulnerable natural complex. The reserve includes valuable indigenous fir-spruce forests; in general, their area is up to 30% of the forest area of the reserve. This is one of the remaining natural taiga massifs in the Middle Urals.
Features of low-mountain relief, continental climate and other environmental factors have formed the typical flora and fauna characteristic of this type of mid-taiga landscape.
On the territory of the reserve, 1214 species of higher and lower plants are described, among them: flowering species - 440 species, gymnosperms - 6 species, ferns - 23, lycophytes - 4, horsetails - 6, bryophytes - 230, lichens - 98, mushrooms - 186, algae - 302 species. Among all this diversity of plants, more than 50 species are rare, including endemics and relicts, and 27 species are included in the Red Books of various ranks. The animal world is no less diverse. Today, 47 species of mammals, 182 species of birds, 1 species of reptile, 3 species of amphibians, 16 species of fish, and invertebrates are known - more than a thousand species.
Over the years of the reserve's existence, a system of monitoring the natural environment has been developed, which is carried out according to the standard program for maintaining the “Chronicle of Nature”. The observation system includes components of the natural environment: relief, weather, water, soil, flora and vegetation, fauna and wildlife, the natural calendar, the state of the reserve regime and the influence of anthropogenic factors, and others.
The year 2001 was characterized by warm and relatively dry climate indicators. No large anomalous deviations in the state of the abiotic environment were observed. The state of living biota, according to the criteria of numbers and the nature of manifestations of life activity, can be characterized as close to the long-term average norms with small deviations that do not go beyond the average statistical deviations.
The reserve's security service has 10 inspectors. In 2001, the Forestry Inspectorate carried out a series of forestry and conservation activities and participated in general accounting work. Employees of the department detained 5 violators of the protected regime and seized one smooth-bore weapon.
In the reporting year, no poaching or trapping of large ungulates or predatory animals, rare species of fauna, or fires were registered in the protected area or adjacent to its borders.
The scientific department employs 3 permanent researchers and 3 laboratory assistants. During 2001, scientific workers spent 384 people on field work. day.
Work was completed to create cadastral information on rare species of animals and plants in the Gornozavodsky district of the Perm region; preparation of a poster and brochure for the protected areas of the Gornozavodsky district.
Conclusion
The comprehensive protection of cultural heritage in Russia was first included in the sphere of state regulation only after new political forces came to power in October 1917, proclaiming different principles of government, which radically changed the entire state apparatus. In the Perm region, the first effective body - the Perm provincial section for the protection of monuments of art and antiquities - was formed in June 1920. The staff then included only 3 instructors. Currently, control over the protection and use of historical and cultural monuments is carried out by the Regional Research and Production Center for the Protection and Use of Historical and Cultural Monuments (RCOP).
There are 2,331 monuments (2,507 objects) on the state register in the Perm Territory. Work has been organized to restore a number of cultural heritage sites in the Solikamsk and Cherdynsky regions of the region, Perm, Ose, Usolye, etc.
Among them are landscape (for example, the White Moss rocks in the Cherdynsky district, Vetlan and Govorlivy Kamen in the Krasnovishersky district, Stone Town in the Gremyachinsky district), geological (Gubakhinskaya and Ordinskaya caves) and hydrological natural monuments (Ermakov spring in Cherdyn). As well as protected landscapes (Kapkan Mountain in Chernushka, Kvarkush and Polyudov Stone in Krasnovishersk, Adovo Lake in Gainy), zoological (Guselnikovsky in the Kishertsky district) and botanical natural reserves (Botanical Garden of PSU), botanical natural monuments (Zyukaisky cliff in the Karagai region , Veslyansky pine heath in Gainy), historical and natural complexes (Grafsky pine forest in the Kishertsky district, Kuvinsky pine forest in the Kudymkarsky region, Kungur ice cave and Ice Mountain).
A special protection regime will be established on the territory of these natural monuments. For example, construction, logging (except for sanitary purposes), disposal of industrial and household waste, and geological exploration work that could lead to disruption of soil and vegetation cover and animal habitats will be prohibited here. At the same time, visiting these territories for recreational and educational purposes will not be prohibited. The boundaries of specially protected areas have been determined for most objects. During the current year, the regional Ministry of Urban Planning and Infrastructure Development must issue protection obligations and passports for all natural monuments.
Bibliography
1. Animitsa E.G. Cities of the Middle Urals. Past present Future. - Sverdlovsk, 2008.
2. Dmitriev A. Essays on the history of the provincial city of Perm from the foundation of the settlement to 1845. - Perm, 1889.
3. Dmitriev A. Perm antiquity: Sat. history and stat. mat. mainly about the Perm region. Issue 2: Great Perm in the 17th century. - Perm, 1890.
4. Zalkind I.E. and Nechaev Yu.A. Limestone, dolomite and gypsum in the Perm region. - Perm, 2008.
5. Permyak E. My region. - M., 2004.
Working programm
elective course in local history
The program is designed to implement
in the 2015-2016 academic year
Explanatory note
The local history course “Perm Region” is designed for students in grades 4-5 of primary school and can be used for pre-vocational training.
Purpose of the course: to orient students towards an environmental and local history profile, to develop and consolidate children’s already formed interest in history and local history.
At the end of the course, students should know:
Historical sources on the history of the Kama region;
Formation of the indigenous population;
Main events of national history and their influence in the Kama region;
History of cities and towns;
Famous people of the region
Upon completion of the course, students should be able to:
Find sources of information;
Arrange events in chronological order;
Correlate the events of the history of the Kama region with the events of national history;
Draw conclusions based on the information received.
The course lasts 34 hours. The first topic introduces students to the origin and history of the settlement of the Kama region by people. The remaining topics are the history of settlements in the Perm region: cities, towns, villages. Through the history of settlements, students get acquainted with the most striking events, cultural monuments, historical figures, and the history of enterprises in the Kama region.
The course involves working with historical sources, organizing various types of games, excursions around the native land, watching videos, using multimedia, and creative activities of students.
In the process of working on the course, students gain an understanding of individual economic, social and environmental problems in their region.
The material on the development of charity and patronage of the arts in the Kama region is of great educational importance.
For the course lessons, lines from poems, texts of historical documents, illustrative material, articles from newspapers: district “Parma”, “Parma-news” were selected as epigraphs from various sources.
The stages of individual classes have a career guidance orientation. Students get acquainted with the history, faculties and specialization of individual educational institutions of the Perm region.
Individual classes include project-based assignments; students work on an excursion project “Around the cities of the Kama region.”
Various forms of homework:
Draw a picture on the topic;
Create a quiz, crossword, rebus, etc.;
Select articles and illustrative material from newspapers and magazines on the topic;
Write a poem, etc.
The form of the elective course creates a situation of success for students. The absence of a 5-point system for assessing a student’s work contributes to the formation of the student’s personality based on the positive aspects of his nature, natural inclinations and inclinations. One way to encourage a student’s work can be the “token system,” i.e., the targeted and consistent use of a reward system through the presentation of tokens for correct answers, showing initiative, and the ability to cooperate in a group.
Various types of reflection will be used to develop self-assessment skills.
Topic 1. Introduction.
What is local history? Why do you need to know the history of your region? History of the emergence of the Perm region.
Topic 2. Ancient Kama region.
Perm region: its development and settlement. Archaeological monument - Talitsky's site. The Mystery of the Written Stone. Prikamye during the Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages. The work of ancient metallurgists of the Kama region. Glyadenovtsy are ancient farmers of the Perm land.
Topic 3. Cherdyn - the ancient capital of the Urals.
Cherdyn is the most ancient city of the Kama region. The Cherdyn Kremlin is the first kremlin in the Urals. The Legend of Polyud. Imprisonment. St. John the Theologian Monastery is the first monastery in the Kama region. St. Nicholas Church is a monument of stone architecture. The Transfiguration Church from the village of Yanidor is a monument of wooden architecture of the Khokhlovka Museum. Nyroblag is the place of exile of K. Voroshilov and O. Mandelstam.
Topic 4. Solikamsk town - a corner of Moscow.
Solikamsk is the main city of the Kama region in the 17th century. Famous people Stroganovs. Ural salt production. Organization of Ermak's campaign by the Stroganovs.
Topic 5. Usolye-grad is St. Petersburg’s brother.
Architecture of Usolye: Stroganov chambers. The architect is a native of Usolye. Landing of the Vostok-2 spacecraft in the Usolsk taiga.
Topic 6. From the chronicle of the Kungur Land.
The first mining department in the Urals. V. Tatishchev. Kungur merchants - Khlebnikov, Egorov, Gubkin, Gribushin. Architecture of Kungur. The governor's house is the first stone building of Kungur. The architect's Gostiny Dvor is a symbol of merchant power. Kungur churches - Tikhvin, Uspenskaya, Preobrazhenskaya, Nikolskaya. Kungur Ice Cave: history of development. The legends were the Kungur Ice Cave. in Kungur.
Topic 7. Perm: from its foundation to the present day.
Foundation of the Yegoshikha plant. . Perm is a provincial city. Peter and Paul Cathedral is the first stone building in Perm. Perm and its wonderful inhabitants. Perm Governor - . "Holy Doctor". "Russian American". Inventor of radio. Engineer, scientist, inventor. Entrepreneur and philanthropist. Perm today.
Topic 8. Perm art gallery. Perm Museum of Local Lore.
Russian painting. Foreign art. Iconography. Russian avant-garde. Perm wooden sculpture.
Perm Museum of Local Lore. Folk toy. Stone cutting skills. Household items of the inhabitants of the Kama region. Perm animal style.
Topic 9. Topic 10. Ancient cities and towns of the Kama region
Foundation of the Novo-Nikolskaya fortress. Pugachevites near Osa. Ohan meteorite. Park of the Permian period in Ocher. Museum of helmet and spoon in Nytva. Suksun samovars.
Topic 11. Young cities of the Kama region.
Berezniki is the center of the chemical industry. Krasnokamsk pulp and paper mill. Tchaikovsky is the youngest city in the Kama region. Construction of the Votkinsk hydroelectric power station.
Topic 12. Repetition. Game “I’m proud of you, my Kama region...”
Topic 13. Uinsky district.
Natural and climatic features of the Uinsky region. National composition. Uinsky district: from the first settlement to the present day - the main stages of history. Famous people of the region.
Topic 14. The village of Aspa is my small homeland.
Natural and climatic features of the village. National composition. Aspa: from the foundation to the present day - the main stages of history. Famous people of the village.
Topic 15. Ecological and local history excursion around the outskirts of the village of Aspy.
Excursion route: school, St. Michael the Archangel Church, monuments to fallen heroes, school.
Topic 16. Native side.
A game based on the toponymy of the Uinsky district “Native Side”.
Topic 17. Final repetition.
Repetition and consolidation of acquired knowledge in the course “Pages of the history of the Perm Land”.
Thematic planning
Lesson topic | Proposed forms and methods of organizing activities | ||
Introduction. | |||
Ancient Kama region. | Working with maps and atlases of the Perm region. | ||
Cherdyn is the ancient capital of the Urals. | Multimedia presentation in PowerPoint. | ||
Solikamsk town is a corner of Moscow. | Working with atlases of the Perm region. Working with handouts “Salt Plant” | ||
Usolye-grad is St. Petersburg’s brother. | Working with atlases of the Perm region. Student's report about the landing of the Vostok-2 spacecraft in the Usolsk taiga. | ||
From the chronicle of the Kungur Land. | Working with the historical source “From Travel Notes”. Multimedia presentation “Products of stone-cutting art.” Student's message about Tatishchev. | ||
Perm: from its foundation to the present day. | Working with atlases of the Perm region. Working with the historical source “From the decree of Catherine the Great.” Student messages about, . | ||
Perm Art Gallery. Perm Museum of Local Lore. | Video film (virtual excursion) “Perm Art Gallery”, “Perm Museum of Local Lore”. Working with illustrative material. Repetition. Quiz “Perm – my city, your city, our city.” | ||
Ancient cities and towns of the Kama region. | Working with atlases of the Perm region. Working with the textbook “My Perm Region”. Student messages. Working with illustrative material. | ||
Young cities of the Kama region. | Working with maps and atlases of the Perm region. Working with the teaching aid “My Perm Region”. | ||
Repetition. Game “I’m proud of you, my Kama region.” | Team game on the history and sights of the cities of the Kama region. | ||
Uinsky district. | Students' reports about famous people of the Uinsky district. Excursion to the regional museum of local lore. | ||
The village of Aspa is my small homeland | Conversation. Multimedia presentation “Aspa is my side.” | ||
Ecological – local history excursion around the vicinity of the village. Aspa. | Excursion route: school, museum of special settlers, architectural monument Church of the Transfiguration, monuments to fallen heroes, museum of wooden sculpture in Parmailovo, school. | ||
Native side. | Quiz “Native side” (based on the toponymy of the Uinsky district). | ||
Final repetition. |
Literature for students.
Main:
Prikamye: pages of distant and near times. Permian. "Book World", 2003
Prikamye: pages of distant and near times. Workbook. Permian. "Book World", 2004
Atlas of the Perm region. Geography. Story. Moscow. Publishing house DIK, 1999
Additional:
Pages of the history of the Perm land. Permian. "Book World", 1995
Pages of the history of the Perm land. Workbook. Part one. Permian. "Book World", 1997
Pages of the history of the Perm land. Part two. Permian. "Book World", 1997
Pages of the history of the Perm land. Workbook. Part two. Permian. "Book World", 1998
A book for reading on the history of the Kama region. Perm Kizhny Publishing House, 1984
Literature for teachers.
Historical miniatures about the Perm Land. Perm, 1998
S. Barkov. Tourism in the Perm region. -Perm", 2002.
V. Oborin. Ancient art of the peoples of the Kama region. Perm animal style. Perm book publishing house, 1976.
The city of Perm, its past and present. Perm “Cannon”, 2002
G. Shiryakina. Distant close. Perm, 2001
Teaching history and social studies No. 3.10. 2004
T. Romashchenko. My home is my home. Perm, 1984
From the chronicle of the Kungur Land. Perm, 1967
V. Mikhailyuk. City of white birches. Perm, 1982
G. Chagin. Cherdyn. Perm, 1972
Basics of heraldry. Perm, 2002