Municipal educational institution
"Secondary general education
school No. 2" Nizhnekamsk
Adapted program for preparing future first-graders.
The program was developed by a primary school teacher of the highest qualification category, Zh. M. Shimina.
Explanatory note
At the age of 6-7 years, children are preparing to go to school. In preschool institutions, they attend special classes that allow children and parents to understand what knowledge, skills and abilities the child will develop at school. In fact, in the senior group, the child is prepared for school. However, based on many years of practice, it has been established that when a child comes to school, he feels insecure and constrained. Therefore, teachers of future first-graders are also involved in preparing a child for school. In addition, it is well known that currently the number of children attending preschool institutions, which provide the necessary preparation for school, has decreased.
School preparation classes can be organized before the start of the school year at the request of parents of future first-graders, held once a week, at a time convenient for children and parents. It is desirable that the classes are conducted by the teacher who will subsequently teach the children attending these classes, and that the classes are held within the walls of the school that the parents have chosen for their child for further education. This will greatly facilitate the child’s psychological adaptation to school.
The proposed program is designed for 27 lessons (during the school year from November to May, 4 lessons per month, 1 time per week) and provides classes that create the necessary conditions for the child’s successful entry into school life.
Target:
adapt preschool children to school.
To achieve the main goal, a number oftasks :
Prepare children for the leading activity of a schoolchild - learning;
Adapt children to school life;
Show the importance of school activities for future life activities;
Introduce various forms of working on objects, objects, numbers and words.
Subject of the program: - development of children's cognitive processes.
The choice of this subject of study is due to the close interaction between pedagogy and psychology. During the lessons, individual and collective diagnostic tasks are provided, allowing the teacher and psychologist to get a complete picture of the development of cognitive processes in future first-graders.
Methods and forms:
The program includes the most effective methods and forms of organizing work with children, selected from a variety, taking into account age characteristics.
Methods:
explanation;
story;
demonstration of samples;
illustration;
heuristic conversation.
Forms of work:
class;
a game;
journey;
individual sessions.
In this program, the classes are based on preparatory work in the main subjects provided for in the primary education program: initial mathematical knowledge, basic reading, speech development and preparing the hand for writing. Each lesson lasts 1 hour with a 10-minute break every 20-25 minutes and, along with knowledge of the subjects and the development of general educational skills, involves mandatory health-improving physical exercises, ophthalmic pauses and finger gymnastics. The distribution of time in class by subject is given approximately, since there is no subject differentiation as such. The subject included in the system of each lesson is related in content to others and smoothly transitions from one to another. Classes are structured in such a way that written tasks alternate with oral ones. The basis for written assignments in preparation for mathematics and preparing hands for writing are taken from the series of workbooks “School for Preschool Children”. The work is carried out either on the notebooks themselves, or for each child a photocopy of the worksheet intended for this lesson is made. It is not necessary to take all the material offered for the lesson. The scope of tasks depends on the preparedness and abilities of the children. Tasks marked with an asterisk are suggested to be completed at home under the guidance of parents.
It is also recommended, after training sessions with a teacher, to conduct classes with a speech therapist and psychologist according to specially developed programs (classes can be alternated: 1 week - speech therapist, 2 week - psychologist, etc.). These classes are no less important, because after the initial diagnosis, it is possible to identify some children who need special classes with specialists.
Specifics program is that children attending the proposed preparation classes will:
Elementary mathematical concepts are formed,
develop the basic mental processes necessary for learning at school,
primary reading instruction.
For this purpose, the content of the classes partially includes educational material from the first academic quarter of the first grade. This guarantees that children, future students, will be able to demonstrate a high level and speed of perception of educational material within the allotted period. In the future, when teaching, this will help the teacher plan individual tasks and implement a differentiated approach. This program follows the principles of gradualism, consistency, accessibility, integrity, active approach, age-specific and individual approach. It can be used for children who do not attend kindergarten.
The program provides for the development of mental processes: the ability to think logically, the ability to act in the mind, remember, attention and imagination develop. These skills will not only provide the foundation for learning language and math skills, but will also provide the foundation for knowledge and ability development later in school. Having mastered the listed qualities, the child will become more attentive, learn to think clearly and clearly, and will be able to concentrate on the essence of the problem at the right time. It will become easier to study, which means the learning process will bring joy and pleasure.
Approximate subject content:
In classes to prepare for mathematics, the main place is given to the development of mathematical abilities, abstract logical thinking, skills of intellectual methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, integration, classification, orientation in space and time. By the time children enter school, they should have developed elementary mathematical concepts. Children should have quantitative and ordinal counting skills within the first ten. This program contains a wide variety of tasks aimed at developing the above, offered in a playful form accessible to a 6-7 year old child. In addition, by attending classes offered by this program, a preschooler will get acquainted with geometric shapes, learn to compare objects in height, width and length, distinguish the shapes of objects, navigate in space and on a sheet of paper, learn to compare the numbers of the first ten with each other, get acquainted with numbers, basic mathematical signs, learn to solve simple examples of addition and subtraction. Regular classes will help improve attention, develop fine motor skills and coordination of the child's movements.
The development of movements is often considered as one of the components of a child’s physical readiness for school. Indeed, the arm muscles must be strong enough and fine motor skills must be well developed so that the child can hold a pen and pencil correctly and not get tired so quickly when writing. The tasks offered by this program represent the first stage of preparing a 6-7 year old child for writing. These are tasks for shading, coloring, drawing patterns in cells, tracing contours and other exercises aimed at developing initial graphic skills and correct hand placement. The tasks are offered in increasing order of difficulty. In addition, the future first-grader must develop the ability to carefully examine an object, a picture, and highlight its individual details. These skills are often already possessed by 4-5 year old children. However, you should pay attention not to individual movements of the hands or eyes, but to their coordination, which is also one of the important components of school readiness. In the process of studying, a child often simultaneously looks at an object (for example, at a blackboard) and copies or copies what he is currently looking at. That is why coordinated actions of the eye and hand are so important; it is important that the fingers “hear” the information that the eye gives them. This program provides tasks for the development of these processes. Important to remember that the development of fine motor skills stimulates the development of intellectual abilities in general, and graphic exercises should not be neglected - these tasks will help the child not only learn to write, but also prepare in general for school.
In classes on speech development and primary reading instruction, attention is paid to the development of intelligence, enrichment of active vocabulary, the formation of communication skills, the ability to correctly construct sentences, and the development of phonemic awareness, which contributes to more successful schooling in the future. Reading training is carried out according to the ABC book by N. S. Zhukova.
Work on the proposed program involves the joint activities of the teacher, the child and his parents. The teacher guides the child, explains the educational material and teaches how to correctly perform routine mechanical work aimed at developing a particular skill. The parents' task is to organize daily 10-15 minute lessons at home, reinforcing what the child has learned in class. Only the joint activity of the teacher, the child and his parents will give the necessary result and facilitate the child’s adaptation period at school.
Contents of the course being studied
Let's get acquainted.
Meeting children. Disclosure of the goals and objectives of the course, content of the program. Determining the level of preparedness of children.
Classes on socialization of children, trainings.
Psychological preparation of children for the changing lifestyle caused by schooling.
Practice: game trainings.
Preparing your hand for writing.
Classes to develop fine motor skills, finger games.
Practice: graphic exercises, drawing with fingers objects, figures, animals, birds.
Formation of phonemic perception.
Activities aimed at developing phonetic perception and hearing, which provide preparation for learning to read. Getting to know the sounds of the Russian language and the letters of the Russian alphabet. Syllable reading.
Fun math.
Classes to develop spatial imagination. Familiarity with figures, numbers, the ability to correlate numbers and numbers. Solving simple problems.
Development of cognitive psychological processes.
Classes on the development of cognitive psychological processes (logical thinking, memory, attention, imagination).
Upon completion of the course under this program, children must master the following knowledge and skills:
For the subject "Introduction to Mathematics":
Fluency in the sequence of numbers from 1 to 10. Knowledge of the place of the number 0 in a series of numbers.
The ability to count objects and establish the serial number of each object in a given group in the specified counting order.
Conscious understanding of how each number in the series of numbers from 1 to 10 can be obtained: by adding 1 to the previous number or subtracting 1 from the next number when counting.
Ability to read numbers and relate each number (printed and written) to the corresponding number of objects. Write these numbers.
Ability to compare numbers using signs "<», «>», «=».
Solid mastery of all cases of the composition of the numbers of the first ten from two terms.
Ability to read simple mathematical notations of the form: 1+1, 3-2, 2+3
and so on. and relate such entries to a specific illustration. The ability to solve relevant problems based on complete subject clarity and write down their solution.
Ability to distinguish basic geometric shapes: circle, square, triangle, rectangle.
On the subject “Preparing the hand for writing”:
Ability to sit correctly when writing and hold a pen correctly.
Ability to navigate in a notebook, have the concept of “working line”, “auxiliary line”.
The ability to “copy” various letter elements and patterns according to a model.
The ability to hatch the contours of objects in a given direction, with lines of various configurations.
3. For the subject “Speech development\primary learning to read”:
Have an understanding of a syllable, word, sentence, text.
Ability to construct a sentence and coherent test.
The ability to divide words into syllables, find a stressed syllable in a word.
Know the letters A, O, X, S, M, U, R, Sh, s, L; be able to read letters and words with them.
Be able to arrange a series of pictures in order.
Be able to compose a coherent story based on a plot picture.
To implement the program, it was developededucational and methodological
plan:
№
Item
Subject
Quantity
hours
Speech development
( - A story about yourself. Rules of conduct at school.
15 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
Direct and reverse counting. Comparison of objects. More, less, equal.
25 min.
Preparing your hand for writing
Orientation in the notebook. Point, straight line, slanted line.
20 minutes.
Speech development
Sounds and letters. Word. Offer. Text.
20 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
Right, left, top, bottom.
20 minutes.
Preparing your hand for writing
Graphic dictation.
10 min.
Speech development
Work on a plot picture.
10 min.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number. Number.
20 minutes.
Preparing your hand for writing
Copying a pattern from the board.
20 minutes.
Speech development
Syllable. Dividing words into syllables.
20 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
Orientation in time. Name of days of the week, months of the year. Their sequence.
20 minutes.
Preparing your hand for writing
Graphic dictation
10 min.
Speech development
Domestic and wild animals.
10 min.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and digit 0.
25 min.
Preparing your hand for writing
Straight lines in different directions. Hatching with vertical lines.
25 min.
Speech development\primary learning to read.
Plants and animals. The letter a.
10 min.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 1.
25 min.
Preparing your hand for writing
Smooth lines. Straight inclined. Hatching with vertical lines.
25 min.
Classification of objects according to essential characteristics. Letter U.
10 min.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 1. Consolidation. The concepts of “more”, “less”, “the same”.
25 min.
Preparing your hand for writing
Smooth and straight lines. Outlining the cells. Hatching with vertical lines.
25 min.
Speech development\primary learning to read
Marine life. Letter O
10 min.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 2. Composition of number 2. Comparison.
25 min.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Straight slanted lines. Hatching with vertical lines.
25 min.
9
- Speech development\primary learning to read
Types of plants. Classification of plants according to essential characteristics. Letter M.
10 min.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 2. Consolidation.
25 min.
- Preparing your hand for writing
25 min
10
- Speech development\primary learning to read
Work on a plot picture. Letter S.
10 min.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 3. Composition of number 3.
25 min.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Smooth and straight lines. Hatching with vertical lines.
25 min
11
Kinds of sports. Learning to connect letters.
10 min.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 3. Consolidation. Preparation for the introduction of geometric shapes.
25 min.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Smooth and straight lines. Hatching with horizontal lines.
25 min
12
- Speech development\learning to read.
Compose a story based on a series of pictures. We read letters, we read syllables.
15 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 4. Composition of number 4.
25 min.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Shrinking and increasing figures. Hatching with oblique lines.
20 minutes.
13
- Speech development\learning to read.
Classification of objects according to essential characteristics. We connect letters, read syllables.
15 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
Numbers1-4. Consolidation.
25 min.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Trace objects without lifting your hand from the sheet. Hatching with horizontal lines.
20 minutes.
14
- Speech development\learning to read.
Arranging a series of pictures in order. Compiling a story. We read the syllables.
10 min.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 5. Composition of the number 5.
25 min.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Copying a pattern from a sample. Hatching with oblique lines.
25 min.
15
- Speech development\learning to read.
Professions. We connect letters, read syllables.
15 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 5. Consolidation.
25 min.
- Preparing the hand for
Copying patterns according to the sample.
20 minutes.
letter
Hatching with horizontal and vertical lines.
16
- Speech development\learning to read.
Work based on a plot picture. Let's learn to connect letters again.
10 min.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 6. Composition of number 6.
25 min.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Completing the drawing of an object picture according to the model. Circles and ovals. Hatching with oblique lines.
25 min.
17
- Speech development\learning to read.
My four-legged friend. We read together.
15 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
Numbers1-6. Consolidation.
25 min.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Copying patterns by cells, patterns from ovals. Hatching with oblique lines.
20 minutes.
18
- Speech development\learning to read.
Fruits and vegetables. We read together.
15 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 7. Composition of number 7.
20 minutes.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Completing half of the proposed drawing. Hatching with oblique lines. Patterns in cells.
25 min.
19
- Speech development\learning to read.
Work based on a plot picture. We read the words.
15 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 7. Consolidation.
20 minutes.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Copying a picture by cell. Patterns of semi-ovals. Hatching with horizontal lines.
25 min.
20
- Speech development\learning to read.
A funny incident from life. Letter X.
15 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 8. Composition of number 8. Geometric shapes.
25 min.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Copying patterns according to the sample. Hatching with horizontal lines.
20 minutes.
21
We read syllables, words, sentences. Making sentences about your favorite toy.
15 minutes.
- Introduction to mathematics
Arithmetic sign "+". Solving examples.
20 minutes.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Copying geometric shapes according to a sample. Hatching with oblique lines.
25 min.
22
- Speech development\learning to read
Letter R. Work based on a plot picture.
20 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number and figure 9. Composition of the number 9.
25 min.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Coloring according to instructions. Hatching with horizontal lines.
15 minutes.
23
- Speech development\learning to read
Forest inhabitants. Reading words with learned letters.
20 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
Arithmetic sign “-”. Solving examples.
20 minutes.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Copying a picture by cell. Hatching with vertical lines.
20 minutes.
24
- Speech development\learning to read
Letter Sh. Work based on a plot picture.
20 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
Number 10. Composition of number 10.
20 minutes.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Completing the second half of the drawing according to the proposed model.
20 minutes.
25
- Speech development\learning to read
The happiest day of my life. Comparative analysis of sounds[s], [w].
25 min.
Introduction to Mathematics
Numbers of the first ten.
20 minutes.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Coloring according to the suggested instructions. Copying sample patterns.
15 minutes.
26
- Speech development\learning to read
Letter Y. The concept of "rhyme". Game “Say the Word.”
25 min.
Introduction to Mathematics
Solving examples of addition and subtraction within the first ten.
20 minutes.
- Preparing your hand for writing
15 minutes.
27
- Speech development\learning to read
LetterJI. Conversation “Where I would like to spend the summer”
20 minutes.
Introduction to Mathematics
The concept of “chain of examples”, solution of “Chains” of examples.
20 minutes.
- Preparing your hand for writing
Coloring by design. Hatching in different directions.
20 minutes.
LITERATURE:
Gavrilina S. E., Kutyavina N. D., Toporkova I. G., Shcherbinina S. V. Workbooks from the “School for Preschool Children” series:
"Learning to count." - M: ZAO "Rosmen - Press", 2006. - 24 p.
“Preparing your hand for writing.” - M: ZAO "Rosmen - Press", 2006. -24 p.
Zhukova N. S. Primer (a manual for teaching preschoolers to read correctly). - M: “Eksmo”, 2005. - 95 p.
Kovalko V.I. School of physical education. - M: “VAKO”, 2005. - 204 p.
Uzorova O. V., Nefedova E. A. Finger gymnastics. - M:ACT- Astrel, 2003. - 127 p.
Zhikalkina T.K., Game and entertaining tasks in mathematics, 1st grade. -M: “Enlightenment”, 1989.-45 p.
Lazurenko L.V., Entertaining materials for mathematics lessons in grades 1 - 2. - Volgograd: TeacherACT, 2005. - 95 p.
Zaitseva G. A., Mathematics 1st grade, lesson plans 1 hour - Volgograd: TeacherACT, 2003. - 111 p.
Volina V.V., Russian language. We learn by playing. - Ekaterinburg: ARGO Publishing House LLP, 1996. - 494 p.
Koshelev I., Inhabitants of the sea. - M.: Avanta +, 2003. - 184 p.
Akimushkin A., the world of animals (birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles). - M.: “Thought”, 1989. - 463 p.
Gavrilova S.E. Collection of tests “Is your child ready for school”
Adzhi A.V. “Notes of integrated classes in the preparatory group of kindergarten”
Series of 1000 games. Publishing house "Rosmen": "Smart games"
Series of 1000 games. Publishing house "Rosmen": "Games with a pencil"
Obukhova L.A. "How to read well"
Khatkina M.A. ABC "Games, tasks, stories, poems"
Gavrina S.E. “Learning to understand each other”
Sergeeva T.F. "Mathematics for preschoolers"
Gerasimova A. “Tests for preparing for school”
Software :
When preparing children for school, the programs recommended by the FES of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation were used: Comprehensive programs: “Preparing for school” - authors: N.A. Fedosova, T.S. Komarov, “Program of education and training in kindergarten” - edited by M.A. Vasilyeva, V.V. Gerbova, T.S. Komarova, “Childhood” - authors: V.I. Loginova, T.I. Babaeva, N.A. Notkina.
Target:
Educational area: Cognitive development.
Lesson topic:"Soon to school."
Target: development of cognitive activity, creativity and interpersonal interaction skills with peers and adults.
Educational objectives: teach children to listen and hear others. Enrich and activate children's vocabulary.
Developmental tasks: develop logical, imaginative, creative thinking, imagination, auditory, visual memory, attention and speech of children.
Educational tasks: Encourage children to have kind feelings towards each other.
Preliminary work: Reinforcing the material covered.
Equipment: demonstration material in the form of slides, colored paper, photographs of children, flannelgraph, two briefcases, school supplies, toys.
Guys, let's stand in a circle, hold hands, smile and remember our poem - greeting:
In a wide circle, I see,
All my friends stood up.
We'll go right now
Now let's go left
Let's gather in the center of the circle,
And we will all return to our place.
Together we will be very friendly
Answer questions
We all want to do
We all want to know a lot.
Children: Perform actions according to the text.
Guys, we have guests today, let’s greet them, smile and give them our good mood.
Guys! Let's remember what you were like when you came to kindergarten?
You were so small. Every year you grew up and are now in the preparatory group. Why do you think our group is called preparatory? What are we preparing for?
(Photos are attached to a flannelgraph.)
Children: Children look at their photographs.
That's right, well done, we are getting ready for school!
Guys, pay attention to the slide, what do you see? (Slide No. 1.)
Children's answers…………
That's right, this is school, and you will all go to school in the fall.
Now I suggest you play school?
Heroes appear: Dunno and the girl Masha. They come in and argue about the benefits of school. Masha wants to convince Dunno that it is necessary to go to school and that it is very interesting and educational. That's why they came to the kindergarten to find out from the children what they thought about this.
Guys, look who came to us?
But it seems to me that our guests have a problem, why are they arguing?
The teacher asks Dunno and Masha a question
What is the dispute about?
Masha: “Dunno doesn’t want to go to school, and therefore we would like to ask the guys, what do you think, should we go to school?
Dunno: “How do you know, you weren’t there.
Masha: “Guys, let’s now check if you know anything about the school, if you can solve the riddles.”
1. I carry a new house in my hand,
The doors of the house are locked.
The residents here are made of paper,
All terribly important. (Briefcase.) (Slide No. 2.)
2. Either I’m in a cage, then I’m in a line,
Be able to write on them,
You can also draw.
I call myself...(Notebook.) (Slide No. 2.)
3. My wooden box
I put it in my briefcase with me.
This box is very small
It's called...(Pencil case.) (Slide No. 2.)
4. In a snowy field along the road
My one-legged horse is rushing
And for many, many years
Leaves a blue mark (Pen.) (Slide No. 2.)
5. Black Ivashka,
Wooden shirt.
Where he leads his nose,
He puts a note there. (Pencil.) (Slide No. 2.)
You see, Dunno, our kids, even though they weren’t at school, still guessed all the riddles. Guys, what can you call all the objects in one word? (Slide No. 3.)
Well done! Dunno, did you know that all these objects can be called in two words?
Dunno: “no.”
Masha: “Who can tell me where they put the grades?”
Masha: “That’s right, a diary.” (Slide No. 4.)
Masha: “Guys, let’s play the game “assemble a briefcase”, divide into teams, whose team quickly and correctly assembles the briefcase, then they win. (Children compete.)
Do you know that not only grades are put in the diary, but homework and the name of the lessons are also written down.
Dunno: “Lessons, what kind of word is this?”
Listen to Dunno carefully.
A lesson called mathematics. In this lesson you will learn different figures, counting and solve interesting problems.
Dunno: “What’s interesting here?”
Guys, what figure do you think is the odd one out here? (Slide No. 5, 6, 7.)
Children respond based on the signs.
That's right, well done!
Masha: “I have prepared very interesting problems for you, let’s try to solve them?”
Masha: “1. The mouse has two ears. How many ears do two mice have? (4.) (Slide No. 8.)
2. Five puppies played football, one was called home. He looks out the window, counts, How many of them are playing now? (4.) (Slide No. 9.)
3. The apples in the garden are ripe. We managed to taste them: Five rosy, liquid ones, Three with sourness. How many are there? (8.) (Slide No. 10.)
Masha: “What great fellows!”
Guys, please tell me what does mathematics teach us?
It's called Russian Language.
Dunno laughs and says: “It’s like all their tongues are showing!”
No, in the Russian language lesson they learn to write and speak correctly. Guys, let’s say together a quatrain with different intonations: “The bull is swinging.”
And now I would like to know how erudite you are:
Kind angry
Healthy - sick
Strong - weak
Clean - dirty
Full - hungry
Good bad
Brave - Cowardly
Well done everyone!
Masha: “You see, Dunno, how much fun it is at school!”
Dunno: “Yes, it’s even very fun!”
Masha, why do you think we need physical education?
Masha: To be healthy, strong, resilient and get a boost of energy.”
Dunno: “How does it feel to get a boost of energy?”
Masha: “And you Dunno, repeat after us!”
Guys, let's get up and march in a circle, one, two, three, four, one, two, three, four turn to the right around you and jump, one, two, three, four, one, two, three, four, turn to around to the left and jump. Walking in circles. We line up in three columns, and go out one by one from the column and sit on the chairs (Slide No. 11.)
Dunno rummages through his briefcase and takes out the ABC.
Guys, what do you think this is and why?
Masha: “Do you know what sounds there are?” (Slide No. 12.)
Well done!
Guys, please choose two-syllable words. (Slide No. 13.)
Well done!
Dunno: “It’s really interesting how, I’ll still go to school, but I always have to think, maybe I can build a paper airplane and fly a little?
Of course you can make something. And since it’s spring in our yard and there are streams everywhere, let’s make an origami boat (I show the sequence of execution).
Well, will Dunno be interested in school?
Dunno: “Very!”
Guys, what did you like today? Will you go to school?
The children answer.
A child recites the poem “What is school”
School is a bright house,
We are studying, we will be in it.
There we will learn to write,
Add and multiply.
We learn a lot at school:
About your beloved land,
About mountains and oceans,
About continents and countries;
And where do the rivers flow?
And what were the Greeks like?
And what kind of seas are there?
And how the earth turns.
The school has workshops...
There are countless interesting things to do!
And the call is fun.
This is what “school” means!
Presentation is possible.
Cognitive and creative project in the preparatory group of the kindergarten “Soon to school”
Varlamova Olga Vyacheslavovna, teacher of the MKDOU "Gavrilovo-Posad kindergarten No. 1", Gavrilov-Posad.
Description: This project is designed for children 6-7 years old, teachers, and parents. Considering that recently in the practice of preschool education preference is given to the project method, preparing children for school based on this method seems to be the most effective.
Project type: cognitive - creative
Duration: short-term (1 week)
Project participants: teacher, preparatory group children, parents.
Relevance of the topic: Entering school is a serious stage in the life of every child. And it’s no secret that many children experience difficulties during the period of adaptation to school, a new daily routine, team, and teacher. The child discovers a completely new world. First of all, it is responsibility. In the first grade he begins his social and working life. The main thing a child needs is positive motivation to learn. A child’s attitude towards school is formed before he goes there. And here information about the school and the way it is presented by parents and preschool teachers plays an important role. It is no coincidence that the issues of preparing children for school and continuity in work are among the main topics for discussion by specialists and practitioners of preschool institutions and schools. To solve them, various forms of working with children and interacting with parents are proposed. Considering that recently in the practice of preschool education preference is given to the project method, preparing children for school based on this method seems to be the most effective.
Objective of the project: to form ideas about school and a positive attitude towards school life among older preschoolers.
Tasks:
- formation of motivation for learning and interest in the learning process itself;
- promote the development of mutual understanding and friendliness;
- relieving feelings of anxiety and doubt in preschoolers before meeting with school;
- increasing parental competence in matters of pre-school preparation.
Participation of parents in the implementation of the project: reading books about school with children, selecting board games about school.
Project implementation plan:
1. Conversation “Rules of behavior at school, in the classroom”
2. Conversation “Profession teacher”
3.NOD “Soon to school.”
4. School-themed board games:
“Primer and arithmetic”, “Find and read”, “Learning to count”, “Spelling”.
5. Didactic games on school topics:
“Number houses”, “Labyrinth”, “Chain of words”, “What’s extra?”
6. Plot-role-playing games: “Kindergarten”, “School”.
7. Reading the work “Filippok” by L.N. Tolstoy, M. A. Panfilov “Forest School”.
8. Asking riddles, reading proverbs about school.
9. Consultations for parents: “It’s time for us to go to school,” “Advice to parents of future first-graders.” 10. Finger games: “We wrote, we wrote”, “Counting”, “Pencil”, “Words”. 11. Outdoor games: “Traffic light”, “Do as I do!”, “Fun Relay Race”, “Rule”.
Expected result:
- formation of motivational readiness for school in children;
- increasing parental competence in matters of pre-school preparation;
-favorable course of the adaptation school period.
Strategy for implementing project activities:
This project is carried out within the framework of the preparatory group of MKDOU kindergarten No. 1, in the joint activities of the teacher and children.
Project activity product:
A preschooler's awareness of the inevitability and importance of entering school. Exhibition of drawings, games, recommendations for parents.
Project presentation: Open Day. GCD "Journey to the Land of Mathematics".
Applications to the project "Soon to school."
Conversation “Rules of behavior at school, in the classroom.”
Goals and objectives: fostering a culture of behavior; development of speech, memory, thinking.
Progress of the conversation:
Children, you are citizens of Russia. Your friends and comrades are around you. It makes you happy to be respected. After all, mutual assistance and respect from person to person is the fundamental law of our society. You must behave in such a way that it is comfortable and pleasant to live and work around you.
There are a lot of rules of behavior. Some of them have existed for a long time, others arose in our time. If you understand each of these rules well, you can understand that it is better to act as these rules teach. Many guys ask: “Where did the rules of behavior come from?” Nobody invented these rules; they were not created by chance among the people. How should we behave starting in the morning? First of all, you and I must follow a daily routine.
Exactly at 7.30 am.
Life is calling - it's time to get up.
Are you really going to leave?
Messy bed?
I'll chase away the remnants of sleep,
Blanket aside. I need gymnastics
Helps a lot!
Noisy trickle of water
Crushing in my arms, I never forget
Wash your face in the morning.
Eat calmly at the table, do not swallow like a lioness. It is harmful and, moreover, you can choke.
We've eaten, okay
Go for a walk.
After the street all together
Hurry to class.
How to come to class?
1. Neatly dressed, in a well-ironed uniform, smoothly combed, and well-polished shoes.
2. Many guys are reprimanded because they wear hats. Where did this rule come from? About 1000 years ago it was dangerous to live. Homeless tramps wandered along the roads in search of prey. Gangs of robbers were hiding in the forests. People always went armed, and when leaving on a long journey, they put on chain mail, heavy armor, and hid their heads under a heavy helmet. But on the way there is a house where a good man lives. Crossing the threshold of such a house, a knight errant would take off his helmet and carry it in his hands. “I’m not afraid of you,” he said with this gesture to the owner. See, my head is open, I trust you. You are a good person, you don’t rob, you don’t stab in secret.
The harsh days are over. People enter any house without fear, but when entering, they take off their hats - the custom remains. With this custom, you show the owners that you respect this house and the people living in it.
3.All school things must be in order.
Game "Quietly prepare for the lesson."
Target: learn how to quickly and quietly prepare school supplies for class.
4. You must not be late for school. When you enter the classroom, do not rush, do not push.
You thought school was not a train station,
It's okay to be late.
But those who were late for school
She didn't wait.
Even though the classroom is built without wheels,
He has gone far from you. 5.When you enter the classroom, say hello first to the teacher, and then to your friends.
6.To get up from your desk correctly, you need to rise carefully and very quietly.
Game "Scouts"
Target: practice getting up from your desk correctly and quietly.
7.You are supposed to sit up straight during the lesson. Hands on the table, no talking.
How did you come to class?
Put a lock on your tongue.
Don't hide your keys too far
Where necessary, do not be silent.
A desk is not a bed
And you can’t lie on it (Children sit down correctly)
You sit at your desk slimly
And behave with dignity.
The teacher will ask if you need to get up, (Children get up)
When he allows you to sit down, sit down,
If you want to answer, don't make noise,
Just raise your hand. (Children raise their hands)
8.If the teacher asks a question to the class and you want to answer it, raise your hand. You should also raise your hand when you want to ask the teacher something. You need to talk to the teacher while standing.
9. Take care of your desk, don’t break anything, don’t write on it, don’t damage it with sharp objects.
10. You can go out for recess after the teacher gives permission; only those on duty remain in the class. They wipe the board, ventilate the room, follow the teacher’s orders.
11. In the corridor, walk on the right side, do not shout, do not run, do not keep your hands in your pockets, do not lean against the wall.
12.If you are meeting adults for the first time, say hello.
13.If there is an adult or a girl at the door, let him go ahead.
14. During recess you need to go to the toilet so as not to have to take time off from class. After using the toilet, wash your hands.
Turn
Change, change - the bell rings.
Vova is certainly the first to fly out of the threshold.
It flies out of the threshold, knocking seven people off their feet.
Is it really Vova, who dozed off throughout the lesson?
Was it really Vova who couldn’t say a word at the blackboard five minutes ago?
If he is, then undoubtedly a big change has come with him!
You can't keep up with Vova! Look how bad he is!
In five minutes he managed to redo a bunch of things;
He tripped up Vaska, Kolka and Seryozha three times,
He rolled somersaults, sat astride the railing,
He dashingly fell off the railing and received a slap on the head,
Immediately gave someone change, asked them to write off the tasks,
In a word, I did everything I could! Well, here comes the call again.
Vova trudges into class again, poor thing! There is no face on it!
“Nothing,” Vova sighs, “we’ll rest in class!”
Children, did Vova do the right thing? (No)
If you follow all these rules, you will be good students.
Conversation “Profession teacher”.
TASKS:
1) arouse children’s interest in the world around them, form realistic ideas about people’s work;
2) expand knowledge and ideas about professions;
3) enrich vocabulary, develop coherent speech: teach children to give complete answers to questions, preparing them to retell the text;
4) develop the ability to coherently and consistently retell the text according to plan;
5) activate children’s attention and memory, develop logical thinking.
Progress of the conversation:
Educator: Dear guys! Do you know what a profession is? Profession is work
to which a person devotes his life. Let's remember together what professions there are. (Children's answers.)
Right! Teacher, doctor, educator, driver, librarian, salesman, accountant... There are a lot of professions!
We will talk to you about some of the most common ones. Every morning, the adult members of your family go to work.
Tell us what their professions are. What do your family and friends do? What is your mother's job? And dad? Would you like to have your dad's or mom's profession? Why?
The task is not easy - to become a master,
To embellish the face of the Earth.
Much harder to convey to others
Your skills and knowledge.
For centuries craftsmen have carried their experience
As a gift to other generations,
And people always went with gratitude
To mentors and masters,
The teacher can be picky and strict,
And often it “gets” you,
But every Teacher is a little God,
Which creates you.
Teacher.
Ask your mom and dad if they remember their first teacher? They'll probably say yes and even say her name. In the first grades, the same teacher teaches schoolchildren the basics of various sciences, transfers to them his knowledge and skills. This is an elementary school teacher. After the third or fourth grade, you will be taught by several teachers at once. Teachers of Russian and foreign languages, mathematics, biology, physics, chemistry, history, geography, physical education, music, labor.
To become a teacher, you need to graduate from a pedagogical school or pedagogical institute. A good teacher not only knows a lot himself. He also knows how to properly pass on his knowledge to children. Knows how to make sure that the student is not distracted, so that he is interested in the lesson. And, of course, he loves and understands his students.
The work of a teacher is very difficult and responsible. Because it is the teacher who gives the first knowledge to future cosmonauts, scientists, captains, metallurgists, writers, trainers, weavers, divers and people of other professions.
Summary of the educational activity “Back to school soon!”
Target: Formation of the position of a “future school student” in children
Tasks: 1. Organize the research activities of preschoolers according to a certain algorithm (setting a goal, specifying the content of the research, activating ways to obtain information, obtaining information). 2. Promote the development of dialogical speech for the exchange of information.
3. To form the child’s personal qualities: observation, curiosity, mental operations. 4. Arouse children’s interest and positive attitude towards learning;
5. Develop sociability, friendliness, respect for each other and adults.
Material: illustrations, symbol cards denoting qualities, blanks for making a collage, simple pencils, numbers from 1 to 10.
Preliminary work: Conversation “Soon to school”, conducting a role-playing game “School”, listening to an audio recording of “Songs about School”, looking at illustrations depicting a school, classes, school supplies.
GCD move:
- Guys, please tell me, who are the schoolchildren? (These are children who go to school). - What qualities should a student have? (He must be able to communicate, search for information independently, be attentive, well-mannered, active, healthy).
Symbol cards are placed on the easel.
- I suggest you conduct research and find out who the schoolchildren are. Do you want to know? (Yes)
The teacher offers to look at the illustrations.
- Pay attention to the illustrations. At the end of our research, we will find out what qualities a schoolchild needs and create a collage: “Who are schoolchildren.” - In order to begin our research, we need to answer the question “What does our speech consist of? "(from sentences, words, syllables, sounds) - What sounds are there? (Sounds are vowels and consonants, hard and soft, deaf and voiced). - How do letters differ from sounds? (We pronounce and hear sounds, and we write letters). - Tell me, children, why do you need to learn to write? (To convey information) - What do you think is needed to write beautifully and correctly? (Listen carefully to the teacher, train your fingers)
- To make your fingers flexible, dexterous and skillful, let's play with them. Finger gymnastics: (using a pencil)
I roll a pencil in my hands,
I'm turning it between my fingers.
Definitely every finger,
I will teach you to be obedient.
In order to complete the next task, please work together in pairs.
1. Connecting letters at the points Ш, К, О, Л, А, 2. Composing the word “SCHOOL” from the resulting letters
3. Sound analysis of the word “SCHOOL”
4. Coming up with a sentence with the word “school”
5. Come up with words with a given sound
Conclusion: We have completed the first research task. Please tell me what the first quality is necessary for successful study at school. (Be able to communicate, learn to speak beautifully, be independent, active).
Children attach the corresponding picture to the collage.
-Now imagine guests come to you. You greeted them. Please tell me what the word “Hello” means? (Health, wishing others health).
-What do you think should be done to maintain and strengthen your health? (do exercises, walk, exercise, go to physical education classes)
Assignment for couples:
1. Conduct a physical education session
2. Complete the exercise according to the diagram.
3. Show proper posture when writing.
4. Carry out eye exercises.
-You completed this task without difficulty.
Conclusion: What is the next quality necessary for success in school? To be healthy, strong, you need to strengthen and maintain your health.
Children attach pictures to the easel.
So, we have the next research task.
- Guys, the numbers are in a quarrel. Make peace between them. Get things in order. Logical thinking task.
1. “Find the pattern and complete the drawing.”
2. Solving the problem
Four magpies arrived for lessons.
One in forty didn't learn the lesson.
How many diligently studied forty?
-Name the condition of the problem, question, solution, answer.
3. Composition of the number 12. 4. Drawing by cells.
Conclusion: You need to be able to work according to instructions, be able to highlight the main thing, be smart,
Next task: - we need to find out what rules need to be followed at school. From what sources do you think we can find out the information we are interested in? (from the Internet, from a book, ask parents, older children, watch a TV show, etc.)
Find information yourself using the book. Each named rule is indicated by a pictogram and posted on the board or attached to a poster.
- Speak one at a time, listen to each other - Do not interrupt the one who is speaking - Do not use physical force against others
- Do not insult anyone, do not tease anyone, etc.
Conclusion: We have learned the third quality that a schoolchild needs. Name it, please. Children: You need to follow the rules of behavior, be well-mannered, and cultured. - What do you think a student needs to study at school? (Briefcase, pencil case, notebooks, books, diary, etc.).
Children work in subgroups (girls, boys, and collect a briefcase).
Educator: Well done! You put everything you need for studying in your briefcase.
Guys, you completed all the tasks, you are very smart students.
Description of board and educational games used in the work on the project.
N/ game “ABC and arithmetic”.
Goal: Learn to count examples and form words by syllables.
N/game “Find and Read”.
Goal: Practicing the skills of quickly reading words, developing and training attention.
N/game “Learning to count”
Goal: Repeat counting from 1 to 10 and make sure you know the picture and meaning of each number.
N/game “Reading by letters”.
Goal: To promote the child’s better memorization of letters, the ability to distinguish them, name and read them in words.
D/game “Number houses”
Tasks: To fix the composition of the number within 10; learn to decompose a number into two smaller ones and make a larger number from two smaller ones. Teach children to compose and solve arithmetic problems involving addition and subtraction.
Materials for the game: Many different cards - houses with numbers on the roof from 6 to 10 and cards - windows with numbers from 0 to 10.
Progress of the game:
Each house has as many residents as indicated on the roof. For example, there are 8 residents living in a house. 5 residents have already settled in one apartment. How many people will live in the other apartment (3).
The number 10 lives in this house. How much must be added to 8 to get 10(2). Etc.
On the roof of each house there are painted different objects according to the number of “tenants”. Children count these objects and strengthen the skills of quantitative and ordinal counting within 10.
D/game “Labyrinth”
Task: To trace the path of the labyrinth by completing the task on the arrows.
Goal: development of cognitive processes, development of speech.
Correctional educational tasks:
- Consolidate knowledge about hard and soft consonant sounds.
-To consolidate the ability to highlight a given sound against the background of a word.
-To consolidate the ability to conduct sound analysis of the first sound.
-To strengthen the ability to select a word to a given sound.
-Consolidate knowledge on the lexical topic “Flowers”
Correction and development tasks:
- differentiation of sounds in words;
- improvement of phonemic analysis, representations:
- development of the tracking function of gaze.
- correlating the sound of speech with its corresponding symbol (letter);
- development of auditory and visual attention, visual imagination, auditory memory, development of the ability to generalize, development of thinking, development of holistic perception.
Correctional and educational task:
- to cultivate love for all living things.
Game description:
Game #1
I propose to go through the maze from beginning to end and collect flowers inside the maze. The obstacle will be arrows with sounds. You need to choose a flower so that this sound is at the beginning of the word, and talk about the first sound.
Game No. 2
"Collecting a bouquet"
I suggest planting flowers in a flowerbed. The first child says: I will plant a rose. The second child says: And I will plant a rose and a narcissus, etc. (The second child repeats and names the next flower, etc.)
Game No. 3
I propose to go through the labyrinth through the obstacles. The obstacle will be an arrow with a number. We take turns taking the arrow with the number and saying: “I think this is a rooster, because this is the tail of a rooster.”
D/game “The letter got lost”
Goal: to develop auditory perception, attention, and the ability to find errors in the text.
Description of the game: both teams have cut letters of the alphabet on the tables. The presenter reads the text, the children find the mistake and pick up the letter that should be in the text (which got lost).
D/game “Chain of words”.
Goal: to develop phonemic hearing, visual perception, and the ability to hear the sound at the end of a word.
Game description: in order to get the key to the third door, you need to lay out a chain of objects. Teams receive ten pictures depicting objects. The first picture is marked *. The next link in the chain will be a word that begins with the sound that ends with the previous one. Whoever has the longest chain is considered the winner.
D/game "What's extra."
Goal: to activate children's vocabulary; develop the ability to classify objects into groups; develop the ability for logical thinking; cultivate attention and concentration.
Description of the game: teams are presented with one poster depicting 9 objects. The first team is animals. For the second - vegetables. It is proposed to highlight the extra item and explain why. If the teams complete the task, they receive a key.
Description of role-playing games used in the work on the project.
Role-playing game: “Kindergarten”
Objectives: 1. Developing the ability to jointly develop a game, coordinating one’s own game plan with the plan of peers. 2. Development of interest in the teaching profession. 3. Increasing the level of positive emotions from children’s stay in kindergarten.
Role-playing game "SCHOOL"
Tasks:
1. Expand, clarify and specify children’s knowledge about school.
2. Instill in children a desire to learn.
3. Instill respect for the work of teachers and the work of school employees.
4. Activate vocabulary: school supplies, recess, bell, teacher's room.
Riddles, proverbs, sayings used in working on the project.
Puzzles:
There is a cheerful, bright house.
There are a lot of agile guys there.
They write and count there,
Draw and read.
(School)
I carry a new house in my hand,
The doors of the house are locked,
And they live in the house of that Book,
pens and album.
(Briefcase)
They live in a wonderful house
Cheerful friends,
They are all called by name,
From the letter A to Z.
And if you don’t know them,
Knock quickly on a friendly home!
(Primer)
Schools are not simple buildings,
In schools they receive...
(Knowledge)
Time between two calls,
It's called...
(Lesson)
From the outside you look -
Home is like home
But there are no ordinary residents in it.
There are interesting books in it,
They stand in close rows.
On long shelves
Along the wall,
Tales of antiquity fit in,
And Chernomor,
And King Guidon,
And good grandfather Mazai...
What is this house called?
Try it and guess!
(Library)
The white pebble melted
He left marks on the board.
(chalk)
Doesn't look human
But he has a heart
And work all year round
He gives his heart.
He both draws and draws.
And this evening
He colored the album for me.
(pencil)
Blue into a white field
The lines stretched
And friends walk along them,
They lead each other by the hand.
(Notebook)
In a snowy field along the road
My one-legged horse is rushing
And for many, many years
Leaves a black mark.
(Pen)
If you give her a job -
The pencil was in vain.
(Rubber)
I look like a box
You put your hands on me.
Schoolboy, do you recognize me?
Well, of course I am...
(Pencil case)
Proverbs:
To teach is to sharpen the mind.
What you learn firmly is remembered for a long time.
Don’t say: you studied, but say that you learned.
Learning is always useful.
It's easy to forget what you don't know.
The bird is red in plumage, and man is in learning.
Repetition is the mother of learning.
No one was born wise.
Learning to read and write is always useful.
There is no old age for learning.
Don't be proud of your title, but be proud of your knowledge.
A good mind is not acquired all at once.
Whoever finds it difficult to study for one day will find it difficult throughout his life.
He who loves science knows no boredom.
Finger games used in the project.
We wrote, we wrote.
We wrote, we wrote,
Our fingers are tired.
And now we will rest
And let's start writing again.
Check.
One, two, three, four, five - (Unclench your fingers one by one)
The fingers went out for a walk.
One, two, three, four, five- (Pinch your fingers into a fist)
They hid in the house again!
Pencil. I hold a pencil in my hands,
I want to play with him.
They took the pencil in the palm of their hand and rustled a little
I’ll take a pencil - Definitely every finger,
I will teach you to be obedient.
Words
One and two, one and two! (clench and unclench fingers)
We will put words together from letters.
Sun is a radiant word. (spread their fingers and place the back of the palm of one hand on the palm of the other so that the fingers form rays) Cat is a fluffy word. (hold the thumb with the middle and ring finger; slightly lifting the bent index and little fingers - “ears”)
Cow is a horned word. (straighten the index finger and little finger - “horns”) And the word “watermelon” is striped. (connect the fingertips, rounding the arch of the hand - “watermelon”)
Description of outdoor games used in the work on the project.
Traffic light. Purpose of the game: to consolidate knowledge of colors. Rules of the game: We draw or define the playing field. This will be the road. The guys are standing outside the field line. There is a traffic light (leading) in the middle of the road. He names the color and those who have this color on their clothes take it and calmly cross to the other side of the road. And if there is no color, then you need to quickly cross the road. And the traffic light will catch violators. The one who is caught becomes a traffic light. At the same time, you cannot run beyond the line, beyond the road.
Do as I do! Purpose of the game: development of attention.
Rules of the game: A leader is selected and stands in the center of the circle. Children stand in a circle. The leader shows the movements, and everyone else must repeat it. The one who makes a mistake either leaves the game or becomes the leader.
Fun Relay Race. Purpose of the game: development of dexterity, courage, attention.
Rules of the game: Just come up with competitions for children. And let them be a team. You can organize any contests and competitions with each other. This will only make it more fun for the children.
Ruler Purpose of the game: to develop self-organization.
Rules of the game: Players line up in 2-3 lines around the perimeter of the court. On command they disperse or scatter in different directions, and at the sound signal they form a line in their place. The team that lined up faster and more smoothly is recognized.
Consultation for parents “It’s time for us to go to school!”
Your child is going to school soon. “Is he ready?” the parents think with excitement. One of the important tasks of a kindergarten is to prepare children for school. Some children in the preparatory group want to have a school uniform, school bag, and school supplies, while others are interested in learning something new. But sometimes children get bored in class, become frustrated and lose cognitive interest in learning. In order for their studies to be successful, children need to make volitional efforts to hear and listen to the teacher, fulfill his requirements, be attentive, and also start and finish work at the same time.
Children have involuntary attention at a very early age: it is a sudden sound, light, movement, it helps to navigate in space.
Voluntary attention appears when a person specifically focuses on something. That’s when the will comes into play, the ability to organize oneself. This can be difficult for children, therefore, in order to attract their attention, educators resort to involuntary attention: clapping their hands, hitting a tambourine, ringing a bell, inviting a “fairy-tale character to visit.” But maintaining voluntary attention for a long time is difficult even for an adult, especially for children. And the learning process at school requires children, first of all, to have voluntary attention, which needs to be trained.
Games that help train attention.
"Guess what's changed?"
There are toys or objects on the table. The child closes his eyes, the object is removed (added, replaced with another). Opening his eyes, he tells what has changed.
"Who's wearing what?"
The child closes his eyes and is asked to describe how his girlfriends and friends are dressed. How many flowers are there on the window? Who brought your friend to kindergarten today? What was the girl we met holding in her hands? "Find differences".
Who can find the most differences when looking at two pictures?
"Pantomime Sketches".
Children are asked to walk as a little girl, a boy in a good mood, an old woman, a soldier, etc. walk.
“Do it in the dark.”
The player examines and remembers the location of objects on the table for 1-2 minutes. Then the player is blindfolded. At the request of the leader, he takes those objects that are named to him. You can count points for correctly completed tasks.
"Build in the dark."
The player builds a high column of cubes with one hand until it falls apart. The higher the building, the more points the player gets.
Every teacher strives for post-voluntary attention. Such attention does not require volitional effort (like voluntary) and is not a random orienting reaction (like involuntary). It combines the best properties of both: it does not tire, does not force the will to engage, and at the same time organizes the child’s activity and includes a chain of cognitive processes: perception, thinking, memory. Post-voluntary attention gives interest in what is happening, the most beneficial thing for children and educators: children do not get tired, perceive and remember information very well, the educator is also interested in working, you can do a lot, achieve a lot.
The human psyche is a harmonious combination, an interweaving of many qualities, properties, and processes. We cultivate attention - we provide better perception, memory, and form character. We take care of observation skills - we teach them to think, understand, and have their own opinions. And so - in everything.
Each child has different natural abilities: the speed of nervous processes, the speed of switching from one subject to another, the degree of activity and fatigue. Any quality can be developed, only everyone has their own ceiling, and we, adults (parents and educators), must increase the level of his intellectual activity. You cannot constantly suppress the initiative and will of a child. On the contrary, an uncontrolled child does not know how to organize his attention; he does not have such experience. Such children are often characterized in school as “capable, but inattentive.” So that children at school do not experience the pain of maintaining their elusive attention during an uninteresting lesson, it is necessary to constantly train voluntary attention.
Consultation for parents “Advice to parents of future first-graders.”
Back to school soon. In a year your child will cross its threshold. In an effort to help him confidently take this step, parents sometimes get overwhelmed in search of institutions and private practitioners who prepare children for the entrance interview. And a simple truth is forgotten: education can make a child smart, but only sincere, intelligently organized communication with close and beloved people - family - makes him happy. It is in your power to create exactly the kind of environment in your family that will not only prepare your child for successful studies, but will also allow him to take a worthy place among his classmates and feel comfortable at school.
1.Share with your child memories of happy moments of your past more often. The beginning of school life is a big test for a little person. This moment is more easily experienced by children who have previously developed a warm attitude towards school. This attitude is formed from contacts with the past experiences of loved ones. Look through the family photo archive with your child. This activity is extremely beneficial for all family members. Returning to the best moments of the past makes a person stronger and more confident. Your good memories of school years, funny stories from school life and stories about childhood friends will fill the child’s soul with joyful anticipation.
2. Help your child master information that will allow him not to get lost. As a rule, children of this age answer the question: “What is your mother’s name?” - they answer: “Mom.” Make sure your child remembers his full name, phone number, home address, and parents' names. This will help him in an unfamiliar situation.
3. Teach your child to keep his things in order. A child’s success at school largely depends on how he knows how to organize his workplace. You can make this boring procedure more attractive. Prepare your child’s workspace in the family in advance: let him have his own desk, his own pens and pencils (you will have to sharpen the pencils at first, dear parents). All this is the same as for adults, but it is the personal property of the child! And responsibility for order is also personal, because this is the case with adults.
4. Do not frighten your child with difficulties and failures at school. Many children of this age are restless. Not everyone is brilliant at reading and arithmetic. It is difficult for many people to wake up in the morning and quickly get ready for kindergarten. In this regard, the desire of parents to warn their children about impending troubles is quite understandable. “They won’t take me to school. ..”, “They will give two marks. ..”, “They will laugh in class. ..” In some cases, these measures may be successful. But the long-term consequences are always disastrous.
5. Don’t try to be a teacher for your child. Strive to maintain friendly relations. Some children have difficulty communicating with other children. They may become confused in the presence of unfamiliar adults. You can help your child overcome these difficulties. Try to organize a game for children on the playground near your house and take part in this game. Children really enjoy playing with their parents. Invite your child to invite his friends to his birthday party. This day will become unforgettable for him if the celebration program includes a place for children and adults to play together. Let your child feel that he can count on your support in any situation. This cannot be achieved by studying with a child alone.
6. Teach your child to react correctly to failures. Your child ended up last in the game and pointedly refused to play with his friends any longer. Help him deal with disappointment. Invite the children to play again, but change the rules of the game a little. Let only the first one be considered the winner, and all the rest be considered losers. Celebrate everyone's success as the game progresses. Encourage chronic losers with hope. After the game, draw your child’s attention to how the other players reacted to the loss. Let him feel the intrinsic value of the game, not the winning.
7.A child’s good manners are a mirror of family relationships. “Thank you,” “Sorry,” “May I?” ..” should be included in the child’s speech before school. This is difficult to achieve with moral teachings and sermons. Try to exclude orders and commands from communication between family members: “Don’t let me hear this again!”, “Take out the garbage.” Turn them into polite requests. Your child will certainly copy your style. After all, he loves you and strives to imitate you in everything.
8.Help your child gain a sense of self-confidence. A child should feel as natural as at home in any environment. Teach your child to be attentive to his needs and communicate them to adults in a timely and natural manner. While out for a walk, you stop somewhere to grab a bite to eat. Encourage your child to place an order for themselves. Next time let him order for the whole family. Let him try asking at the clinic: “Where is the toilet?” or he will wait in line to see a specialist.
9.Teach your child to be independent in everyday life. The more a child can do on his own, the more adult he feels. Teach your child to undress and hang up his own clothes, fasten buttons and zippers. (Remember that small fingers can only handle large buttons and zippers.) Tying bows on your shoe laces will require special help and attention on your part. It is advisable if it is not on the eve of going outside. It is better to devote several evenings to this activity.
10. Teach your child to make decisions independently. The ability to make independent choices develops a sense of self-esteem in a person. Talk to your child about the family Sunday lunch menu. Let him choose his own dish at the festive table and choose clothes appropriate for the weather. Planning family leisure time for all family members on weekends is even more difficult. Teach your child to consider the interests of the family and take them into account in everyday life.
11. Strive to make every moment of communication with your child useful. If your child is helping you bake a birthday cake, introduce him to the basic measurements of volume and mass. Grocery supermarkets are a very suitable place for developing a child’s attention and active listening. Ask your child to put in the basket: three packs of cookies, a pack of butter, a loaf of white bread and a loaf of black bread. State your request immediately and do not repeat it again. The child helps you set the table. Ask him to place four deep plates on the table and place a spoon next to each plate on the right. Ask: How many spoons will you need? The child is getting ready for bed. Invite him to wash his hands, hang the towel on his hook, and turn off the light in the bathroom. Walking down the street or in a store, draw your child’s attention to the words and inscriptions that surround us everywhere. Explain their meaning. Count the trees, the footsteps of cars passing by.
12. Teach your child to feel and be surprised, encourage his curiosity - Draw his attention to the first spring flowers and the colors of the autumn forest. - Take him to the zoo and together find the largest animal, then the tallest. - Observe the weather and cloud patterns. - Keep a handwritten journal of your kitten's growth.
- Teach your child to feel. - Openly experience all the events of everyday life with him, and his curiosity will develop into a joy of learning. Good luck to you and your children!
Project in the preparatory group of the kindergarten “White Snow Fluffy”
Svetlana Bichevina
Your child will soon go to school... Excitement and joy overwhelm you, parents. There are many questions in your head, and the first, and perhaps the most important, is whether your baby is ready to enter first grade.
So what does this “school readiness” include? Many psychologists identify several components of readiness for school: socio-psychological, intellectual, emotional-volitional and physical readiness. Let's look at each one.
Social and psychological readiness
So, socio-psychological readiness includes the ability to interact with both adults and peers, accepting the position of a student, the desire to go to school and the willingness to comply with school rules, and accepting new responsibilities. Mostly, problems here arise from children who did not attend. It is more difficult for them to get out of conflict situations, it is more difficult for them to work in pairs and groups. Sometimes parents themselves do not give their child the opportunity to get to know each other and build relationships on their own. Sometimes asking the baby a question: “What is your name?”, the mother, without allowing the child to answer, says: “Our name is Slava.”
On a note! If you notice that your child is not active in communicating with peers or even sits next to you in a familiar situation, do not put pressure on him, give him more independence, let him try to get to know each other and establish contacts. Don’t be afraid to take your child to places with large crowds of people, he should get used to the society around him.
Intelligent Readiness
Intellectual readiness is the stock of knowledge acquired by the child, his orientation in the world around him. and mental processes (thinking, memory, attention) should be in accordance with age standards. It is very important here whether the child can analyze, compare, generalize, and draw some conclusions.
On a note! By the age of 6-7 years, children have a well-developed desire to learn something new, they are quite inquisitive. Therefore, help your child learn about the world empirically, through sensory knowledge (sensation, perception, idea).
Emotional-volitional readiness
In preschool age, the predominant activity is play. And the child receives all knowledge through play, but classes at school are not quite like play. The child must sit at his desk during the entire lesson, not all of which will be interesting to him, and he will need to do homework. This is where emotional-volitional readiness manifests itself. The child is ready to do not only what he wants and likes, but also what is necessary. He knows how to organize his workplace and strive to overcome difficulties.
On a note! Try to organize your child’s routine moments in a new way: alternate active activities with quiet activities. This way you will quietly prepare your child for the alternating “lessons and breaks”. Play more board games. It's no secret that they develop perseverance and attention very well.
Do you want to play with your child easily and with pleasure?
Physical fitness
Physical readiness is, of course, the state of your child’s health, the readiness of the child’s body for academic loads.
How to choose a school?
Another important question that worries parents is which school to choose?
Now every parent has the right to independently choose the program in which the child, teachers, and institution will study. But few people know their way around different educational programs.
Modern educational programs that are actively being implemented in primary schools include “School of Russia”, “School 2100”, “Harmony” and others.
Before choosing which program you would like your child to study in, read the contents of each program, find out which one the teacher recruiting the first grade will work on, find out whether he has enough experience working in this program. Talk to the parents of the fourth graders this teacher is teaching. After all, a lot depends on the first teacher, both the desire for knowledge and the attitude towards learning.
Preparation for school
And most importantly, remember that if a child has no desire to study, then he will not study in any program, not even in the “best” school. Therefore, before sending your child to school, carefully prepare him for this - tell him more about it, in no case scare him that “school will be more difficult than kindergarten, they will ask a lot of tasks there” or “no one will babysit you there.” there won’t be”, etc.
Take your child on a tour of the school where you plan to send him or her. Be sure to purchase all the necessary supplies with your child: briefcase, pencil case, stationery, notebooks (you can check the list with the teacher). Create a positive attitude towards the upcoming training.
A month before school starts, plan to go on a hike or relax at a camp site. Perhaps even cancel all pre-school activities. The child should rest and be filled with positive emotions.
Is your child going to school too? Tell us in the comments what do you pay attention to first of all when preparing him for a new stage of life?