Sentence scheme in English table. Word order in an English sentence, construction scheme

In the lesson below we will look at a very important grammatical topic - the construction of declarative sentences in English. The construction of a declarative sentence in Russian is very different from English. Therefore, be careful and pay enough attention to this topic.

First, answer the question - what is a declarative sentence? A declarative sentence is a sentence that expresses the idea of the presence or absence of some actual or alleged phenomenon. Accordingly, they can be affirmative or negative. They are usually pronounced with a falling intonation.

The Russian language is characterized by free word order, i.e. we can rearrange words in a sentence and its meaning will remain the same. This is due to the fact that the Russian language has a developed system of case endings.

For example:

The bear killed the hare.
The hare was killed by a bear.

As you can see, the meaning of the sentence has not changed much. Only the semantic emphasis depends on which member of the sentence comes first. That is, what we want to emphasize comes first. The word "bear" is in the nominative case and is the subject of the sentence wherever it appears. The word "hare" is in the accusative case and is a direct object wherever it appears.

Now let's do the same with the English sentence:

The bear killed the rabbit.
The rabbit killed the bear.

Rearranging the words in an English sentence radically changed its meaning. Now the second sentence is translated as “The hare killed the bear.” And all because in the English language there are practically no case endings and the function of a word is determined by its place in a sentence. In English, the subject always comes before the verb. And the word after the verb will serve as a direct object. Therefore, in the second English version it turned out that the word “rabbit” became the subject.

Remember the rule:

The word order in an English declarative sentence is direct (i.e., the subject first, and then the predicate) and strictly fixed!

Rules for constructing narrative sentences

Scheme of word order in an English sentence

I	II	III	III	III
Subject	Predicate	Indirect addition	Direct addition	Prepositional addition
My name	is Peter.
I	like		skating
Olga	bought	her brother	a car	for a present.
My brother	teaches	me	to swim.

Following the rules of this scheme, when constructing sentences in English, the grammatical basis is first put, i.e., subject and predicate. The complements follow immediately after the predicate. The indirect object answers the question “to whom?”, the direct object answers the question “what?”, and the prepositional object answers “for what?” How?".

As for circumstances, the circumstances of place and time can be either at the end of the sentence, or in the zero place before the subject. Review the following table:

0	I	II	III	III	III	IV	IV	IV
Circumstance time or place	Subject	Predicate	Indirect addition	Direct addition	Prepositional addition	Circumstance course of action	Circumstance places	Circumstance time
	We	do		our work		with pleasure.
Yesterday	he	read		the text		well.
	I	saw		him			at the school	today.

According to the rules, the definition can appear with any member of the sentence that is expressed by a noun. It does not have a permanent place in the sentence and also does not change the general obligatory pattern for a declarative sentence. For example:

If necessary, each member of a sentence expressed by a noun can have two definitions: left (located to the left of the word to which it refers) and right definition or attributive phrases (located to the right of the word to which it refers).

Direct word order:

Inversion in a declarative sentence

Inversion in English is a change in word order in relation to the subject and predicate. That is, the placement of the predicate (or part of it) in front of the subject is called inversion.

In declarative sentences, inversion is observed:

1. If the predicate is expressed by the phrase there is/ are (there was/ were, there’ll be, there has been, there can be, etc.).
Examples:

There is a big lake near our house - There is a big lake near our house (there is - predicate, a lake - subject)
There was nothing on the table when I returned - There was nothing on the table when I returned

2. In short sentences expressing confirmation or denial with the words so or neither - “So (Neither) do (have, am, can) I”, which are translated by the expression “And I too.” In such replica sentences, the auxiliary verb do is placed before the subject (if in the predicate of the previous sentence the main verb was in the Present Simple or Past Simple) or the verbs will, be, have and other auxiliary and modal verbs (if they were contained in the predicate of the previous sentence).

She knows Spanish very well. − So does her brother. (She knows Spanish very well. - Her brother too.)
I like the ice-cream very much. − So do I. (I love ice cream. - Me too.)
They came too late. − So did we. (They arrived too late. - So did we.)
I haven’t eaten this ace-cream yet. − Neither have I. (I haven’t eaten this ice cream yet. — Me neither.)
She can't go home now. − Neither саn I. (She can’t go home now. — Neither can I.)

3. If the sentence begins with the adverbs here - here, there - over there, now, then, and the subject is expressed by a noun.

Here are the pencils you’d been looking for − Here are the pencils you were looking for
Here is an example - Here is an example

If the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun, direct word order is used in the sentence.

Nehe you are − Here you go
Here it is − Here it is

4. With the verbs had, were, should in a non-union conditional clause.

Should you meet him in town, ask him to ring me up - If you meet him in the city, ask him to call me

5. In words introducing direct speech, when these words come after direct speech and the subject is expressed by a noun.

“Who can read the text?” — asked the teacher — “Who can read the text?” - asked the teacher

If the subject in words introducing direct speech is expressed by a personal pronoun, inversion is not used.

“Who can read the text?” — he asked — “Who can read the text?” - he asked

By remembering the rules for constructing narrative sentences in English, you will be able to correctly express your thoughts. The main thing is to remember what direct word order looks like in English, i.e. learn the scheme. Good luck in learning English! ( 5 Votes: 4,20 out of 5)

In order for your spoken and written English to be as literate as possible, you must not only know a large number of words in this language, but also be able to put them into sentences, structure everything in such a way that your thoughts and message are clear to your interlocutors. Sentences are the basis of any text, so the ability to arrange them according to all the rules is very important for high-quality language proficiency.

Elements of an English sentence

A sentence consists of several members, but only two are constant - the subject and the predicate. They are also called principal members. Each member of an English sentence has its own place - the word order, unlike the Russian language, is strictly one. By violating it, the English phrase will lose all meaning.

Subject

The subject is in the form of a common case noun (as in the dictionary) in any number, in the form of a personal pronoun with a nominative case, as well as a numeral, infinitive and gerund. The subject always comes before the predicate and usually at the beginning of the sentence.

For nouns, the article may change or be completely absent - it all depends on what object or person is implied in the sentence.

Mouseare afraid of cat- The mouse is afraid of the cat;

Iam fond of music- I'm into music;

Fouris believed to be an unlucky number in Japan - It is believed that four is an unlucky number in Japan;

To helpyou are my choice- Helping you is my choice;

Reading togood book raises my mood- Reading a good book lifts my mood.

Table of personal pronouns that can act as subjects:

Sometimes indefinite and negative pronouns can become the subject:

Predicate

The predicate is the main component of a sentence. With its help, we understand what time the described event is associated with. The predicate is placed after the subject - that is, in second place. It comes in the following types: verbal (the Verbal Predicate) and nominal ( the Nominal Predicate).

Verb predicatestands in personal form and serves as a determinant of action.

Example:

This manstudiesSpanish- This man is learning Spanish;

Samwill moveto another country- Sam will move to another country.

Wehave to stoplistening music- We must stop listening to music;

Juliacan runfaster- Julia can run faster;

Shestarted dancing- She started dancing;

A teacherfinished introducinghimself- The teacher finished introducing himself.

Nominal predicateshows the characteristics of an object or living creature. It cannot denote actions and consists of two components - a linking verb and a nominal part. The nominal part can consist of various parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, numerals, adjectives, infinitives, gerunds and participles.

Example:

Shewas a teacher- She was a teacher;

The cupis yours- The cup is yours;

This girlis nineteen- This girl is 19 years old;

The wallis black- The wall is black;

Him missionwas to helpshe has to cope with everything- His mission was to help her cope with everything;

Her greatest wishis flying- Her greatest desire is to fly;

The pastais boiled- The pasta is cooked.

The predicate can be formed not only from one verb, but also from two:

Main verb . Denotes the action performed by the second main member. For example:He runs- He is running.
Auxiliary . Distinguishes between times. If the tense form requires the presence of such a verb, then omitting it from the sentence is unacceptable. ForPresent Simple it will be do/does, For Past Perfect - had, and for Future Continuous - will be.

All those members of the sentence that are called minor will be listed below. Their task is to explain the main members of the sentence or other minor ones. Their peculiarity is that even without them the sentence will have a clear meaning, since these words do not form a grammatical center in it.

Addition

The object is placed after the predicate and is expressed by a noun and a pronoun. Such words answer any case questions, excluding the nominative. There are two types of additions:

Direct object . Answers questions in the accusative case “who?”, “what?”;
Indirect addition . Answers other questions: “what?”, “what?”, “to whom?” etc.

There are times when there are two objects in one sentence. In such cases, we first put the direct, and then the indirect.

Example:

I seea boy- I see a boy;

He is readinga magazine to the friend- He is reading a magazine to a friend;

I playthe computer game with him- I play a computer game with him.

Circumstance

This member of the sentence answers the questions “where?”, “why”, “when”, etc. and can denote place, time, image or cause of action. It is attached to the predicate and takes place either at the beginning of the sentence or at the end. Expressed by an adverb or a noun with a preposition.

Example:

My black dog lieson the window- My black dog is lying on the window;

TodayI saw her with my sister- Yesterday I saw her with my sister.

Definition

This member of the sentence answers the questions “which one?” and “whose?” and describes the properties of the words before which it is placed (subject and object). The participle attribute is usually placed after these members of the sentence. The definition can be used in the form of different parts of speech: adjective, participle and participial phrase, numeral, noun in the possessive case, personal pronoun in the objective case and others.

Example:

Yesterday I had astrongtoothache- Yesterday I had a severe toothache;

Where are the goodsbought at the auction yesterday ? - Where are the goods bought yesterday at the auction?;

Her office is on thefirstfloor- Her office is on the first floor;

Sam founda lady'shat in the street- Sam found a woman’s hat on the street;

There isn'tanywater left in the cup- There is no water left in the cup.

Structure and word order in a sentence in English

In Russian, the order of words in a sentence is exempt from rules, and the meaning of phrases does not change from rearranging members. In English, things are stricter about this: words can appear in two orders: direct and reverse. For clarity, let's look at a simple example:

I love you- I love you = I love you = I love you.

This phrase has three possible translations into Russian.

Note that in English there are three types of sentences, and each of them has its own order of members:

Affirmative;
Interrogative;
Negative.

Constructing an affirmative sentence in English

This type of sentence has a direct order of members. It should look like this: first - the subject, then the predicate, and only then the complement with the circumstance. Sometimes, as mentioned above, the adverbial clause may occupy the beginning of a sentence. Don't forget that sometimes an auxiliary verb is added to the main verb, which is also part of the predicate - so the order will still remain straight.

Example:

Today I bought a dog set to my son - Today I bought my son a dog;

We'll go home after working- We will go home after work;

I have no idea how to learn to play the piano - I have no idea how to learn to play the piano.

Constructing a negative sentence in English

In such sentences, as in the previous version, the word order will be direct. But in order to mark this negation, we add the particle “not" (Not). This particle is necessarily adjacent to the auxiliary verb, which is required in such cases.

Example:

My girlfriend will not visit me in two days - My girlfriend will not visit me in two days;

Sam will not be there- Sam won't be there;

She is not reading at the moment - She is not reading at the moment;

I was not aware of the situation in Ukraine - I didn’t know about the situation in Ukraine;

I haven’t done homework today yet - Today I haven’t done my homework yet.

Constructing an interrogative sentence in English

In Russian, sentences with questions differ from statements only in the intonation with which the speaker pronounces them. In the English version of the interrogative sentence, a different word order is used - reverse. In it, the subject and predicate change places. But only part of the predicate is placed at the beginning - an auxiliary verb, the presence of which is mandatory here. The main verb is still located after the subject, like all other words. The only exception is that the circumstance cannot come at the beginning here.

Example:

Do you like this music?- Do you like this music?;

Have you been to Japan?-Have you been to Japan?

Sometimes such phrases include a question word - in this case, we put it at the beginning.

Example:

What do you think about our teacher? - What do you think about our teacher?;

When did he move to Russia?- When did he move to Russia?

There are also sentences with a question called a dividing question - and in this case you will have to abandon the standard, “correct” structuring. A sentence with a dividing question is created as follows: first - an affirmative or negative sentence, and then - a short question.

Example:

She is rather beautiful, isn’t she? - She's quite beautiful, isn't she?;

He studies Spanish, doesn't he? - He's studying Spanish, isn't he?

Constructing short answers in English

In Russian speech, we can briefly answer “Yes” or “No” to many questions. The foreign language we are studying also has this opportunity, but with one difference - here you cannot answer simply “Yes” or “No”, since such a wording of the answer may seem unfriendly. Therefore, English people who want to give a short answer to a question add the subject and auxiliary verb used in the question.

Example:

ㄧ Has he visited the Kremlin?- Did he visit the Kremlin?

ㄧ Yes, he has- Yes;

ㄧ Do they work in the college?- Do they work at the college?

ㄧ No, they don't- No.

If the question asked of you contains the pronoun “you”, it is asked to you personally. The answer to such a question should be from yourself, and not from “you”.

Example:

ㄧ Do you like summer?- Do you like summer?

ㄧ Yes, I do- Yes.

ㄧ Will you write me?-Will you write to me?

ㄧ No, I won't- No.

Creating literate phrases in English is like a constructor - you just need to insert the necessary parts of the sentence. More often try to formulate coherent texts in the language you are learning, but not only in writing, but also orally, communicating with native speakers of the language you need or with people who, like you, are studying it.

Dear students and parents, we have prepared an English lesson for you that will help you understand the basic rules when constructing an English sentence. First, we will look at the types of sentences based on the verbs used, and then we will learn how to construct affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences. At the end of the article there are tables that you can save and print to use as visual material.

Types of offers.

There are two types of sentences in English: with a regular verb denoting an action, feeling or state, and with a connective verb to be. Now we will tell you what the difference is. If in Russian we use a verb, then in English we will also use a verb. For example, “I go to school” - here the verb “go”, which in English sounds like “go”. We put this verb in an English sentence: “I go to school.” If in Russian there is no verb, or rather, there is a verb “is”, which according to the rules of the Russian language is omitted (The weather is good - The weather is good), then in English this place is replaced by the verb to be, which is translated as “there is” "to be", "to exist". In other words, in Russian we often use sentences without a verb, in English this is impossible!

Let's first consider sentences with ordinary verbs; they have one trick - in the third person singular, the ending -s or -es must be added to the verb. The third person singular is a noun meaning he, she or it, that is, not you or me, but someone else alone. At first glance, this seems complicated and incomprehensible, but in fact, this rule makes learning English very easy! In English there is no person conjugation of verbs. Look how difficult the Russian language is and how much easier English is:

I I'm walking to school. I go to school.

Vasya (he) walks to school. Vasya goes to school.

Nastya (her) walks to school. Nastya goes to school.

They walk to school. They go to school.

We let's go to school. We go to school.

While in Russian the verb endings actively change according to persons: I go, walks, walk, walk, in English only in the third person singular (he and she) did the ending –es appear. If the verb ends with a consonant, then –s is added (swim – swim s), and if on a vowel, then –es (go – go es).

Let's look at examples with the verb to be. If in Russian we do not use a verb (that is, we omit the verb “is”), then in the English translation the verb to be will appear. Katya (is) a beautiful girl. In Russian there is no verb, in English the verb to be appears in the form is: Katya is a beautiful girl.

The difficulty is that the verb to be has three forms that you need to know by heart:

am– we use it when we talk about ourselves: I (am) a schoolboy. I am a pupil
is– we use the third person singular (he, she, it): Katya (she) is a beautiful girl. Katya is a beautiful girl.
are– used in the plural or in the second person (we, they, you, you): Vanya and Petya (they) are best friends. Vanya and Petya are best friends.

Affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences.

Let us remember once again that in English there are two types of sentences: with a regular verb, which has a corresponding translation into Russian, and with the verb to be, which is omitted in Russian. These two types of sentences have different structures. Let's start with the verb to be. Let's look at the same examples, but in different forms: affirmative, interrogative and negative. Read carefully the Russian sentences and their translation into English, try to determine the pattern.

I'm a schoolboy. I am a pupil.

Am I a schoolboy? Am I'm a pupil?

I'm not a schoolboy. I am not a pupil.

Katya is a beautiful girl. Katya is a beautiful girl

Katya is a beautiful girl? Is Katya a beautiful girl?

Katya is an ugly girl. Katya is not a beautiful girl.

Vanya and Petya are best friends. Vanya and Petya are best friends.

Vanya and Petya are best friends? Are Vanya and Petya best friends?

Vanya and Petya are not best friends. Vanya and Petya are not best friends.

So, in an affirmative sentence in English there is a strict word order: subject (main noun), predicate (verb), secondary members of the sentence. If in Russian we can change the order of words as we please, changing the meaning and emotional connotation, then in English this is strictly prohibited, they will not understand you. In Russian we say: “I love you”, “I love you” or “I love you” and so on, but in English there is only one option: “I love you” and nothing else. The same in the given examples: Katya is a beautiful girl. Where Katya is the subject, there is no predicate in the Russian language (it could be the verb “is”), a beautiful girl are the secondary members of the sentence. In an English sentence: Katya is the subject, is is the predicate, and a beautiful girl are the minor members of the sentence. Hence two rules:

When constructing an interrogative sentence in English, the predicate (verb) comes first.
When constructing a negative sentence, the negative particle not is added to the predicate (verb).

Now let's look at sentences with ordinary verbs, read the examples carefully:

I am going to school. I go to school.

I am going to school? Do I go to school.

I do not go to school. I don't go to school.

Nastya goes to school. Nastya goes to school.

Does Nastya go to school? Does Nastya go to school?

Nastya doesn't go to school. Nastya doesn't go to school.

The principle is the same as in sentences with the verb to be, only instead of rearranging the verb itself, we have the so-called auxiliary verb to do. Why auxiliary? Because it helps us build the necessary sentence structure and grammar. Thus, when asked, it is not the main verb to go that comes first, but the auxiliary verb to do. When negated, the particle not is attached not directly to the main verb, but to the emerging verb to do. In addition, the verb to do always takes over the entire grammar of the main verb. In the second example, the verb to do took on the ending –es, which is given to the third person singular. Please note that the ending of the main verb has disappeared because the auxiliary verb has taken it away.

Let us summarize the information received. To construct a sentence in English, we first need to identify the verb. There are two options: a regular verb that has an analogue in English, denoting an action, feeling or state, or a verb to be, is to exist, which cannot be translated into Russian. Next, if this is an ordinary verb, you need to determine whether the ending will be –es (third person singular); if this is a verb to be, then you need to determine its form (am, is, are). We choose the necessary form of the sentence: affirmative, interrogative, negative. And we put everything in its place!

We use generally accepted abbreviations:

I am - i a m - I'm

he is - he i s - he's

she is - she i s - she's

it is - it i s - it’s

they are – they a re – they’re

we are - we a re - we're

you are - you a re - you’re

do not - don o t - don’t

does not - doesn't o t - doesn't

Interesting fact: In affirmative sentences with a regular verb, the auxiliary verb to do is also sometimes used. It adds persuasiveness and firmness to the proposal. For example:

I go to school. I am going to school.

I have to go to school! I actually go to school!

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In the photo - teacher of the OkiDoki language school Oksana Igorevna

How often in exams, in various tests, we are faced with the need to correctly compose a phrase from a set of words. If in Russian it makes almost no difference whether you start a sentence with a subject or a predicate, then in English there are certain principles that must be followed. A correctly organized structure of an utterance is the key to competent speech.

From the first days of learning English, you need to remember the strict sentence structure and word order. A clear sequence makes it easier to understand and hear speech. In written language, language is presented not as a set of words, but as a structured statement.

Word order in an English sentence

Believe me, having mastered the basics of interaction between the members of a sentence, you can confidently say that soon you will be able to speak. Yes, at first with simple phrases of two or three words, but gradually expand your vocabulary and diversify your speech. So, the rules of construction:

Subject + predicate + object + adverbial

Subject + predicate + object + adverbal modifier

The boy showed the mark-book yesterday. (The boy showed the diary yesterday)

subject tale additional circumstances

Well, that's not all. One phrase may contain several circumstances or additions. How to put everything in its place not only from the lexical side, but also from the grammatical side? Let's look at an example:

The construction of sentences in English is based on the fact that if there are several additions, then they alternate as follows:

indirect add. (to whom?) + direct (what) + with preposition (to whom?)

She wrote her friend a letter. But: She wrote a letter to her friend. — She wrote a letter to her friend. = She wrote a letter to her friend. (there is no grammatical difference in Russian)

As can be seen from the example, if an indirect object is without a preposition, then it precedes the direct one, and if a preposition is used, it comes after it.

According to the word order in an English sentence, circumstances are arranged like this:

mode of action (goal, reason) (how?) + place (where? where?) + time (when?)

He was running quickly to his house at 6 o’clock yesterday. — He ran home quickly at 6 o'clock yesterday.

If there is a need to logically highlight a circumstance of place or time, then it can be brought to the fore.

In Moscow he visited many museums last year. — In Moscow he visited many museums last year.
Last year he visited many museums in Moscow. — Last year he visited many museums in Moscow.

There is also such a member of the sentence as definition. This free bird always stands in front of the word to which it refers. Sometimes one definition is not enough to fully characterize a subject, so it is necessary to use several. How, what and where to put?

Article or possessive pronoun (or noun in Possessive Case), numerals + adjectives: my beautiful yellow hat , Tom's ugly big old Italian hunting boots, the first difficult examination question.
Adjectives in the following order: Emotional attitude → fact: a nice sunny day - a beautiful sunny day.
Facts, if there are several of them, are arranged in the following sequence: size → age → color → where from → from what. You won’t necessarily find all the characteristics in a sentence, these can be two or three adjectives (adjectives are most often used as definitions), which means that by skipping one of the elements of the diagram, you put everything in the right order. Let's look at examples: a nice small black plastic bag, a new black plastic bag.

A famous Scottish poet was born in 1750. - characterizes the subject - emotion. coloring + where from (Famous poet born in 1750)

So, when faced with the question, how to make sentences in English, look at every word. First of all, it is necessary to find the main members (who performs the action, what, or on what, then what happens, the action itself) and put them in first place. Then, the minor members are in accordance with the scheme.

But I would also really like to note questions that are not exactly a violation, but a slight change in order. Thus, the subject and predicate firmly hold their places and do not give them up to anyone, just like the adverbial and complement. But, an interrogative sentence can begin with an auxiliary verb, modal or with a special word.

Did he lives in Minsk? — Did he live in Minsk?

Do do you have a computer? - You have a computer?

Can will you take me to the museum? -Can you take me to the museum?

What kind of book are you reading now? - What book are you reading now?

Cases of violation of direct word order in an English sentence

Of course, not without difficulties! The above scheme most likely works for 80% of affirmative statements. But there are some features that are worth remembering.

A grammatical phenomenon such as inversion , turns everything upside down. What it is? In cases where the structure of a sentence in English is broken, the reverse order of the subject and predicate is noted. But there is a certain, limited set of such situations.

1. In units of speech with turnover there is / there are The subject comes after the predicate.

There is a round table in the middle of the room. — There is a round table in the middle of the room.

2. If the phrase begins from direct speech (with “”), and indirect follows it, the subject also changes places with the verb.

“I haven’t painted for ages”, said my friend. “I haven’t painted for ages,” said my friend.

3. In statements starting with "here", but only on condition that the subject is expressed by a noun. But, if in its place after here a pronoun is used, then the direct order is preserved.

Here are the gloves you are looking for. - These are the gloves you are looking for.

Here comes our teacher. - Here comes our teacher.

BUT: Here it is. - Here it is. Here he comes. - Here he comes.

4. If a sentence begins with adverbs or conjunctions such as never (never), rarely (rarely), little (little), in vain (in vain), scarcely (barely), not only (not only), hardly (barely), then there is an inversion. Most often, disruption of order is used to add emotional coloring to a statement, and these words, which are brought to the fore, strengthen and emphasize the meaning.

In vain doesshedye her hair — She dyes her hair in vain.

Never in his life has hegone abroad. — He had never traveled abroad in his life.

Seldom can he come to see us. “He can rarely visit us.”

5. In short remarks, for example, such as So did I, Neither do I (And I too).

Every morning I take a shower. - So do I. - I take a shower every morning. And me too.

She didn't read this book. — Neither did I. — She didn’t read this book. And me too.

In principle, everything is very specific in syntactic constructions. Having many rules and just as many exceptions, constructing statements is not difficult if you strictly follow the instructions. So, remember that composing sentences in English strictly follows a pattern. Follow it, and then you will succeed!

Word order in English differs significantly from our word order. In the Russian language, due to the presence of many endings, the order of words does not matter much, the meaning will be the same, you can only focus the interlocutor’s attention on a certain fact. For example:

A kitten ran into me yesterday afternoon
A kitten ran into me yesterday afternoon
Yesterday afternoon a kitten ran into me

We are accustomed to such freedom of speech and transfer it to the English language. However, in English this is done completely prohibited, everyone must stand in their place. Changing the word order usually completely changes the meaning of the sentence:

Anya hit Dima
Anya hit Dima

Dima hit Anya
Dima hit Anya

The main feature of sentences in English is the fixed word order. No matter how we would like to express our thoughts, we must always adhere to the following word order scheme in an English sentence:

(or just a verb).
– is located after the predicate, there may be several.
– can come at the beginning before the subject or at the very end.
– can be in any part of a sentence, thereby making it difficult to understand.

To make it clearer and clearer, this diagram can be represented as follows:

This diagram may seem incomprehensible to you, but it’s all simple:
Subject- subject and predicate(verb) - predicate(verb) are the basis of the English sentence, they are present in 99 percent of phrases, we can say that it is " backbone" of any sentence. Also after the predicate it can go addition- object. Therefore, if a sentence consists of three words and is not connected by any, then we can say with confidence that the first word is the subject, the second is the predicate, and the third is the complement. To make it clearer, look at the examples and the 2-minute video below:

We (subject) do (predicate) our work (object)
We do our job

They faced problems
They faced (many) problems

If you liked the video tutorial, subscribe to this author’s channel -.

After this, looking at the diagram again, it should be clear that circumstance can be at the beginning of a sentence or at the end (less often in the middle):

We do our work with pleasure
We do our work with pleasure

At the moment I cannot talk
At present I can not talk

WITH definition the situation is a little more complicated; more precisely, it complicates the definition of the members of the sentence. A definition can appear in any part of a sentence and usually comes before or after the word being defined (usually a noun).

What else do you need to know so as not to get confused?

As always in the English language, there are exceptions to everything and everywhere. Here are the main exceptions you may encounter:

Formation of the interrogative form

Forming a question slightly disrupts the usual sentence structure, but there is nothing complicated here; as a rule, the temporary auxiliary verb is placed at the very beginning of the sentence. Look for yourself, in general the scheme of the proposal is the same:

I am an engineer
I am an engineer
Am I'm an engineer?
I am an engineer?

I can speak English
I speak English/I can speak English
Can I speak English
I speak English? /I can speak English?

Improving sentence rhythm

This usually occurs in songs. You could even say that many of the songs are written grammatically incorrectly. The performer’s goal is usually to “get into” the rhythm and convey the meaning, sometimes the same applies to poetry and fairy tales (not adapted).

The main thing you need to remember is that changing the location of words in an English sentence leads to a change in its meaning. All this is, of course, theory and it may seem complicated, but after a little practice and studying the simplest tense forms of the English language, the correct construction of sentences will begin to be achieved on an intuitive level.