The problem of deep and lasting knowledge of students is always relevant for schools. Its successful solution is determined, in particular, by the level of orthographic preparation of schoolchildren. However, it is no secret that the decline in the level of speech culture in our society has a negative impact on the quality of students’ writing. Therefore, improving spelling literacy is one of the main tasks facing language teachers.

What to do if time passes, and the child continues to make mistakes in well-known words, although the rules have long been learned by heart, dozens of dictations have been written and all the exercises from the school textbook have been done?

One of the first directions in my work when teaching the Russian language is the formation of strong literate writing skills. And since any skill, including spelling, is formed in activity and is the result of repeated actions, in the methodology of teaching spelling I pay serious attention to studying the patterns of such activities, as well as finding ways and means to increase the effectiveness of teaching spelling, taking into account these patterns.

The main goal of modern education is determined by - achievement by the student of a level sufficient to ensure his self-realization and guaranteeing progress in development and forward movement of modern society.

The implementation of this goal is possible through the solution of three main tasks:

- achieving a level of education that corresponds to the student’s potential and ensures the further development of his personality and the possibility of continuing education, including through self-education.

Formation for each student experience of creative, socially significant activities in the realization of their abilities.

Student accumulation experience of communication and interaction based on humanistic relationships.

The level of education (education) is understood as - personality quality, which is determined by the ability to solve problems of cognitive, value-orientation, communicative and transformative activities, relying on acquired social experience.

The basis of any level of education is, first of all, LITERACY. In this case:

Literacy is a level of education characterized by the ability to use the basic methods of cognitive activity through the perception and textual transmission of linguistic information.

Competent writing presupposes the ability to find and recognize language phenomena based on the so-called spelling skill, which helps the writer stop, think, and check himself when necessary.

Unfortunately, not all teachers realize the meaning of this. Therefore, the most common reason for low spelling literacy of students is the lack of development of spelling skills. Spelling skill is a complex skill. It is created through long-term exercise and is based on simpler skills and abilities, such as:

1) writing skill;

2) the ability to analyze a word from the phonetic side;

3) the ability to establish the morphemic composition of a word and isolate a spelling pattern from a word that requires verification;

4) the ability to match the spelling to the corresponding rule.

Even in the first years of working at school, in individual consultations, I recommended to the children thoughtful daily reading aloud and rewriting paragraphs followed by self-test. I do not refuse these forms of individual work even now. In the first stages of working in the 5th grade, I pay a lot of attention to playful, entertaining forms of work. It is necessary to awaken interest and self-confidence in every student. One of the most important skills that fifth graders must master is the ability to justify the correct spelling of words and punctuation marks. And to do this, you need to learn to see the identifying features of the spelling and the conditions for choosing the spelling. From playing with words, I gradually move on to the graphic designation of spellings. Various types of work help to develop this skill: spelling, vocabulary, explanatory, selective, distributive dictations, the use of signal cards, didactic games, algorithms, etc.

There are a great many tables - summary rules, reference materials, all kinds of "tips", various manuals on the Russian language. But how can a student navigate them? How to teach every student to accurately apply the rules of the Russian language? In recent years, algorithms have become a part of teacher practice. As a rule, students come to the 5th grade with different levels of preparation in all subjects, and in particular in the Russian language. My task is to catch up with those who are lagging behind and give an impetus to improve the level of literacy for those students who see themselves in the future as a person of high social status. Algorithms help significantly increase the literacy level of children striving for this.

What is an algorithm? In the Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary we read: “An algorithm is a method (program) for solving computational and other problems that precisely prescribes how and in what sequence to obtain a result that is uniquely determined by the initial data.” To put it simply, an algorithm in a Russian language lesson is a method of action (a detailed instruction, a diagram) indicating what and in what sequence the student should do in order to apply this or that rule. For example, you often encounter students’ inability to determine the declension of a noun and the conjugation of a verb. Algorithms are very helpful.

There are very simple algorithms that include 1-2 steps, but they also discipline the work of the student’s thoughts. For example, many schoolchildren do not immediately learn how to determine whether a sentence is complex or simple. Algorithm helps

There are algorithms that contain 3-4 “steps” that allow you to get to the solution of a given problem. This may seem too cumbersome to some, but the result of using such algorithms exceeds all expectations: errors almost completely disappear.

How to introduce an algorithm in class? Of course, after familiarizing yourself with the rule. The first way: give the complete algorithm in its entirety. The second way: gradually, step by step. The third way: through leading questions, lead students to compose an algorithm. I prefer the latter, because it allows the development of logical thinking, forces the student to think, and not receive a finished product of the teacher’s activity.

After introducing the algorithm, it is necessary to reinforce it by repeating the actions multiple times. Here everything depends on the teacher’s imagination, on the methods of his work to consolidate the topic. First, of course, oral work (frontal and individual), then written exercises (commenting, selective dictation, selective distribution work, etc.).

To write without errors,

• read syllable by syllable;
• find the spelling;
• explain the choice of letters;
• fix the mistakes

It is important that students learn to perform logical operations proposed by the algorithm, so that they can see in a word or sentence the place where the rule needs to be applied. How to ensure that the spelling is visible and not confused with another?

Students must learn to use an algorithm for solving a spelling problem:

1. determine the place where the spelling problem arose;

2.which group of rules does this spelling belong to;

3.in which part of the word is the spelling;

4.set which letter needs to be checked: vowel or consonant;

5. determine the stress in the word;

6. determine checkable or uncheckable spelling;

7.write the word according to the rule.

I will give several types of exercises to develop spelling vigilance.

Read the proverb: Spring is red with flowers, and autumn is with sheaves. Determine in which words the vowels should be checked or memorized.

“Pick up the letters”: Russian l:sa are beautiful! L:sa walked through the fluffy snow. Prove why words are pronounced the same but spelled differently.

I use various written works in my work:

Selective cheating;

Visual dictation;

Dictation “Guess the word” - the teacher gives an interpretation, the children write down the word itself (Such dictations are often compiled by the students themselves.);

- “silent” dictation - the teacher shows a drawing, the students write down the word;

Lexical dictation - children must give an interpretation to the dictated words;

Dictation “For a Friend” (a vocabulary dictation of 15-20 words, prepared by students on a specific topic) helps to identify those who have doubts about writing a particular spelling, a signal to the teacher that they need to continue working on this spelling;

The task “Explain the difference” - working with pairs of words that are similar in sound but different in meaning (this helps to prevent errors in the use of these words caused by ignorance of their exact meaning);

Compiling phrases and sentences.

The next stage of vocabulary work is diagnostic vocabulary dictation. As a result of this work, the words that are most difficult for students are identified. We will work on them in subsequent lessons. And only after this is a control vocabulary dictation given.

As a rule, systematic work gives positive results: the number of good and excellent grades increases, and there are significantly fewer Fs.

Systematic, carefully planned and well-organized vocabulary work not only develops spelling vigilance and literacy, but also expands the vocabulary of students, develops speech, and also disciplines children, promoting stability of attention. And as a result - respect for the native language, increased interest in the subject.

When performing a dictation, during the writing process, I allow you to underline questionable letters.

The kids really love the game “Find the extra word.” For example, I offer students the following vocabulary dictation: village, notebook, Saturday, Moscow, vegetable garden, pencil, black, magpie.

To spell a word correctly, the student must recognize “the grammatical nature of the spelling and subsume it under the appropriate rule.” Most letter spellings have identifying features (the letters o-ё after hissing words at the root of a word, -n- and -nn- in adjectives, spelling of prefixes with z, s, and many others). Words with a root unstressed vowel do not have such obvious signs. Therefore, about 30% of students do not know how to isolate words with an unstressed vowel at the root from a series of words. The reason for such a low level of formation of the skill of seeing this orthogram is probably that students do not visually sense the root, isolate it “in an already written word” and “identify it formally” (M. M. Razumovskaya), do not connect this root with its real value. And when selecting test words, they pay attention only to the external similarity of the word being tested and the test word, without taking into account the main thing: you need to select the root based on its meaning.

Therefore, the main thing in the process of consolidating the spelling of the tested vowels should be the formation of two skills: 1) vision of the named spelling and 2) reliance on semantics.

I recommend using a simple technique, which, when used in the process of checking spelling, actively replenishes the schoolchildren’s vocabulary. This is the attraction of the maximum number of test words or words of the same root, among which those that are suitable for spell checking are then selected. Usually the teacher is satisfied that the child correctly named one test word. For example: garden - garden. If he turns to the class with a request to bring other test words (who is more?), then a whole nest of cognate vocabulary is collected: kindergarten, planting, estate, household, etc. In this case, related words are attracted, the semantic connections between them are realized, when It is necessary to interpret the meanings of some of them based on cognate words. The constant use of this accessible and effective technique forms in schoolchildren the habit of using cognate vocabulary, develops a sense of language, develops thinking, activates cognitive activity, and helps to include each child in collective work. This approach introduces elements of creativity into the educational process and creates motivation (This is why we learned to interpret words, analyze them according to their composition!).

One of the significant reasons for the low level of spelling literacy is that our children have stopped reading. Reading develops intelligence, speech, enriches vocabulary, grammatical structure of speech, which is important for competent writing. In the process of reading, visual memorization of linguistic units is triggered, and this plays a huge role in the development of spelling skills. This means that the task of teachers and parents is to instill in younger schoolchildren a love of books, to form in them the need to read for their own pleasure, and not under duress. This, in my opinion, is another way to solve the problem of increasing the literacy level of students.

The problem of students' spelling literacy remains one of the central problems of teaching the Russian language. And the greatest attention here should be paid to the spelling of checked unstressed vowels in the root and words with unchecked spellings, since it is these spellings that, according to M. M. Razumovskaya, give a high (30 - 50% of the total) percentage of errors even in high school .

The use of the methods and forms described in this work allows you to reduce the number of errors in words with the specified spellings, and, consequently, increase the spelling literacy of students.

Of course, the work is not completed and requires further refinement, but the forms and methods described in it not only improve literacy, but also develop students’ speech, broaden their horizons, and awaken interest in the subject. I think that this work can be useful for beginning teachers.

Literacy has always been considered an essential quality of an educated person who occupies a worthy place in society. The development of modern technologies, the emergence of social networks and mass online communication have become an excuse for illiterate written speech for many modern children and adults. However, it is a mistake to believe that the ability to competently present your point of view orally or in writing is a useless skill that can be neglected.

Mistakes in filling out business paperwork, writing reports, or communicating with clients via email or regular mail can cause significant damage to your reputation as a professional. In everyday life, at any moment the need may arise to drop a few lines to relatives, friends or neighbors, and no adult would want to blush for annoying mistakes in words and punctuation marks.

If you have problems with spelling, punctuation or vocabulary, there is no need to lose heart. At any age, it’s not too late to learn to write without errors and work on your literacy; the main thing is to approach the problem seriously and regularly improve your skills.

At the same time as spelling, a successful person must maintain the intellectual functions of the brain in good shape. The brain fitness resource BrainApps will help him with this, classes in which involve daily individual training. Even the busiest person can find 15 minutes a day to improve their own intelligence.

How to become literate in Russian

There is a common misconception that literacy is one of the innate qualities of a person, that is, the ability to write and speak correctly to one degree or another is inherent in every person from birth. Some schoolchildren and adults refuse to work on spelling after several failures and believe that they simply do not have the innate skills for beautiful and correct written speech.

However, absolutely anyone who has no deviations from a medical point of view can become literate. And although literacy is accessible to everyone, disappointing statistics in recent years show a decline in its level among children and adolescents. The causes of this unpleasant phenomenon are considered to be:

• Decreased interest in reading fiction. Readers are much less likely to write with errors, but a modern child usually prefers playing on a computer or smartphone to a collection of fairy tales or short stories;
• Massive communication on social networks. Online correspondence rarely involves observing all the rules of spelling and punctuation, since each of the interlocutors strives to express their opinion as quickly as possible and is simultaneously engaged in other matters;
• Lack of parental interest. Many parents do not pay enough attention to their child’s literacy development, believing that completing school assignments is more than enough. But school performance is influenced by many factors, and the example of a mother or father who regularly read books and always writes without errors is much more effective. Therefore, before finding out how a child can learn to write without errors, you should work on your own level of literacy;

Writing texts without errors and correct speech provide many advantages at any age. You will always be able to make a good impression on your interlocutor, colleague or manager, easily complete any document and be able to help your child with his homework. All that remains is to find out exactly how to become literate in the Russian language.<>and how long it will take. Ideally, due attention should be given to correct writing from school days or even from pre-school age. But if this moment is missed, then regular independent studies will come to the rescue, which do not require huge financial investments, but do require discipline and systematicity.

There is no magic method that will make you forget about misspelled words and incorrect punctuation in two weeks. Only self-education and long-term painstaking work on yourself will give the desired result, which will stay with you for life.

9 working ways to learn to write correctly

There are several truly effective ways to teach yourself to write competently. To write without errors you can:

1. Read regularly. It is with reading that correct, beautiful oral and written speech begins. Visual memory plays a big role in spelling, and you will gradually be able to remember how to spell a particular word correctly. For reading to be beneficial, you should be selective in your choice of literature. Domestic classical works are best suited for working on improving literacy. Don’t think that classics are necessarily boring and drawn-out; everyone can choose a genre to their liking and enjoy reading. You need to read every day for at least an hour, thoughtfully and in a calm atmosphere. Soon you will notice that your speech has become richer, more figurative, and there are fewer errors in your words.
2. Learn the basics. In addition to fiction, pay attention to working with reference books and textbooks of the Russian language. This is one of the most effective ways to learn to write without errors and construct sentences correctly. Remember the rules and be sure to reinforce the theory by completing practical tasks.
3. Purchase and regularly use a dictionary. Every time you don’t know how to exactly spell a particular word, look in a spelling dictionary. Forming this useful habit will quickly get rid of mistakes, so keep the dictionary on your desktop or other prominent place so that it is always at hand;
4. Write from dictation. Ask relatives or friends to dictate texts from a collection of dictations to you several times a week, this way you can quickly identify gaps in your knowledge and direct your independent studies in the right direction.
5. Work on mistakes. Feel free to write down in a separate notebook the words that are most difficult for you and re-read them every day. This is an excellent visual memory training that will allow you to write even the most tricky words and phrases correctly over time.
6. Improve memory. To do this, you can learn your favorite poems or passages of prose by heart. This method will also improve your oral speech, and repeating learned material out loud will train your diction skills. If memorizing does not suit you, then simply rewrite the texts, paying special attention to complex words and sentences;
7. Find friends with similar interests. Nobody wants to write with errors, it annoys any person and many would like to improve the quality of their writing. Classes in pairs or groups are more disciplined, and you will also be able to help each other and test your assimilation of new knowledge.
8. Contact a professional. Not only schoolchildren may need a Russian language tutor before taking exams. Several full-fledged lessons with a specialist will allow you to fill in the main gaps and develop a further plan for self-education.
9. Apply knowledge in practice. Write notes and reminders to yourself, write out quotes you like from books, write regular paper letters to friends or relatives instead of email, sign and give postcards. Such little things will always keep you on your toes and force you to focus on the rules of spelling and punctuation;

If you systematically use these simple ways to learn how to write without errors on your own, you will soon notice positive changes. However, maintaining literacy at the proper level is necessary throughout your life, so all of the above recommendations are relevant for any person who is actively involved in self-development.

How to learn to write without mistakes from childhood

Some children learn to spell much more easily than others their age. To understand how such children learned to write correctly, it is necessary first of all to pay attention not to their school performance, but to classes with their parents at home. A child can be gradually taught to read from the age of three, and for this it is not necessary to force the baby to intensively memorize letters and syllables. First, you should awaken an interest in the fascinating world of literature, read fairy tales and children's stories every day.

Reading and writing need to be developed in parallel, in a playful form accessible to the child. With school-age children, it is imperative to work on mistakes and additionally explain incomprehensible or difficult points. Parents who shift all responsibility for their child’s literacy to teachers are unlikely to be satisfied with the outcome of their child’s education. Therefore, you should know how a child can learn to write without errors and actively help him, overcoming learning difficulties together.

Children usually have a hard time remembering many rules of grammar and punctuation, so together with spelling it is recommended to develop memory and attentiveness. For this purpose, there is a resource called BrainApps, whose games are suitable for both adults and children.

Literacy in its most direct sense is a person’s ability to write correctly and structure his speech in accordance with the rules of his native language. Literacy can be innate or acquired.

If you write without errors, but at the same time cannot reproduce a single rule of the Russian language and do not voraciously read the classics, you have innate literacy. It is based on a sense of language at the genetic level.

Acquired literacy is the result of self-development and self-improvement, tireless work on oneself.

The path to literacy is a staircase with many steps

In the modern world, literacy is a person’s calling card. In its absence, you cannot get a good, well-paid job - HR managers monitor this nuance already at the stage of accepting an application or resume. It has been noticed that people who have correct speech, a rich vocabulary and the ability to write without errors achieve success in any chosen field. A literate person is a priori perceived as intellectually developed; he is respected more than others. But improving literacy is not a matter of overnight success. You will need patience and perseverance in this noble endeavor.

Literacy Methods

First, determine what are your “weak” sides and what you would like to “improve”: spelling, punctuation, grammar, speaking skills. Self-analysis must be objective. Next, make a short plan for yourself and move towards your designated goal using the following literacy development methods.

The first method is to read classical literature. The benefits of reading good books cannot be overestimated. Even if you have read all the literature provided for in the school curriculum at one time, there are still many new works that - believe me - will definitely interest you. It is possible that you will comprehend what you once read in a different way - thanks to the acquired life experience. While reading, you can feel the style of the work, the combination of words, and punctuation features. Your vocabulary will certainly expand. In addition, reading helps develop visual memory. But you need to read slowly, thoughtfully, comprehending each phrase. Pay special attention to complex words and long sentences with complex punctuation.

The second method is to arm yourself with dictionaries. This can be either a book or an electronic version. If you are in doubt about writing this or that word, or come across a new word whose meaning you did not know until now, do not be lazy to look in the dictionary. Over time, you will need it less and less.

The third method is to learn the rules of the Russian language. One rule per day is enough.

The fourth method is to listen to audiobooks. For the development of literacy, it is very useful to listen to correct “live” speech. Your auditory memory won't hurt you.

Fifth method - write dictations. Start with an easy text, increasing its complexity and volume over time.

The sixth method is to make it a rule to write correctly everywhere. Even in social networks, chats and forums - where it is considered normal to distort words, conveying only their meaning (“finally”, “what a thread”).

The seventh method is to try making an audio or video recording of your speech. If you listen to yourself from the outside, it will be easier for you to understand what are the mistakes in your speech.

The eighth method is to develop literacy in a playful way. Feel free to get involved in crossword puzzles and computer games that help develop your intellectual abilities (anagrams, charades, puzzles and others).

The ninth method is to sign up for Russian language courses. Getting help from a professional never hurt anyone.

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• Don't know how to improve your literacy? We'll tell you!

Learning to write without errors is not easy, because Russian is considered the most difficult language in the whole world. At the same time, such difficulties in studying open up great opportunities for the use of different techniques that decorate written and oral speech.

The first thing to start with is spelling. Anything containing various colorful metaphors with a lot of spelling errors will look frivolous. Quite often there are people with several higher educations who still make mistakes in the text. As a rule, the reason for this phenomenon is the lack of timely study of the Russian language. The basis for correct written speech was the absence of spelling errors.

In order to decorate your speech with beautiful metaphors, you need a lot. Only reading will allow you to unconsciously perceive and remember the basic, and in the future, special techniques in. You can study everything - periodicals, newspapers, magazines, modern and classic. In any of them you will get exactly what you need. And after a while, you will notice your own - understandable and literate language.

Saying it out loud will help you learn without making mistakes. This will significantly reduce spelling errors. This way you can control the logical integrity of the entire text.

Instructions

Having set yourself the goal of learning, do not be lazy to look into the bookstore and buy educational software. For example, it would be a good idea to start with a book that summarizes all the rules that are in 5 through 9. This manual will contain most of the most basic rules of morphology, spelling, syntax, punctuation and other sections of grammar. After carefully working through such a textbook, you will solve many spelling issues for yourself.

If you spend an hour or two on the Internet every day, it will be useful, whenever you have doubts about the spelling of a particular word or phrase, to check yourself on the reference and information portal portal "GRAMOTA.RU" at www.gramota.ru. On the main page you can check a word in several dictionaries at once, and in the “Help” section you can ask the portal specialists for an answer, or find a previously asked question on a topic that interests you.

When typing text in Word documents, in general, you can rely on the built-in spelling and punctuation check, however, you should be aware that the Microsoft office suite does not “know” all Russian words and rules. Therefore, check controversial words using dictionaries or the GRAMOTA.RU portal.

As soon as a child begins to learn to write his first letters, teachers at school, together with his parents, want to teach him to write without mistakes. But not all children are the same, and some find spelling easy, while others cannot cope with even the simplest words.

Instructions

First of all, there is no need to refer to the fact that literacy is inherited. Literacy needs to be developed, and for this you need to try very hard.

Video on the topic

note

Very often, the reason for incorrect spelling in children is the fear of making a mistake. In this case, it is necessary to work more with the child so that he feels more confident and is not afraid of making mistakes.

Helpful advice

When teaching a child to write correctly and competently, it is recommended to advise him, to say to himself what he wants to write. In this case, auditory memory also comes into play.

Despite the fact that numerous methods of teaching competent written speech have been developed for secondary school students, literacy sometimes “lags” in quite diligent students. The ability to spell words correctly in writing depends, alas, not only on how conscientiously the student approaches the learning process. However, schoolchildren and their parents should not be upset - there is a way out.

You will need

• -a selection of books that can interest a student;
• - half an hour of free time daily to discuss what you have read with your child;
• - the opportunity to observe the child’s progress in mastering competent written speech.

Instructions

Choose fascinating children's and youth literature that would not seem boring to a school-age child, and at the same time would be written in a full-fledged, rich and varied manner. It is, of course, worth starting from how the literature teacher builds his educational policy, but in any case there should be a place for a small amount of “extracurricular” reading. Our goal is regularity, a small amount of non-tiring text for every day.

Prepare your child for the fact that he will spend some time every day with a book, and not voluntarily, but certainly of his own free will - after all, how can one refuse such pleasure? Try to remember moments from your own biography when reading gave you real pleasure, and share your memories with your student. The main thing here is to prepare and create favorable conditions for daily entertaining reading; everything that follows will be a matter of technique.

Try from the very moment your child (nephew, student, ward) begins to deal daily with a small amount of interesting printed text, constantly monitor his spelling. Take an interest in current grades, get acquainted with his dictations, tested and evaluated by the teacher. Based on these data, try to draw conclusions about the progress and the benefits that reading brings to those you care about.

Try to experiment with genres and styles of works that you think should captivate the child. Although a more or less standard selection of classic works of literature is recommended for middle school age, your pet's tastes may simply be unpredictable. Since we are now talking not about aesthetic education, but about increasing the level of literacy, then to achieve the latter goal we can sacrifice some stereotypical pedagogical principles. In any case, if a child regularly spends at least some time with a book, there should be fewer errors in his notebooks.

Video on the topic

Helpful advice

Do not under any circumstances force your preferences in the field of fiction on your child - your goal now is simply to get him to read, no matter what kind of reading it may be.

Remember that for the development of visual memory, it is systematic reading that is important, that is, you need to read a little every day.

Related article

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• Students' spelling literacy

It is believed that a person can be called literate when he knows all the rules of the Russian language. However, often people who have never learned the rules write without errors, and those who diligently crammed Russian language textbooks at school turn out to be illiterate. To write correctly, you need to pay attention not only to the rules, but also to other ways to improve literacy.

Instructions

Use dictionaries and reference books. Whenever you come across an unfamiliar expression, find its meaning and inquire about its origin. Use new ones as often as possible. But don’t get carried away - a large number of pompous, complex and incomprehensible expressions in speech will not make you. The goal of expanding your vocabulary is to learn to accurately select the most appropriate word for a given context. Precise words you're not sure of using dictionaries. Consult dictionaries to avoid repetitions.

Every time you need to write something, practice. Check and edit what you write carefully. Re-read the text several times, thinking about how accurately and expressed the idea is, whether it will be clear to the reader, how the same meaning can be formulated more clearly and concisely. Eliminate all unnecessary things from the text. Check the spelling of complex words in the dictionary, refer to the rules of punctuation if you are not sure about the placement of characters. Apply all these recommendations not only to texts from other people - emails, SMS or statements on forums, but also to your entries in your diary, diary, notes and assignments.

Read more. In modern life, people pay little attention to books, preferring mass media. Classic fiction, scientific works and articles in magazines and newspapers will help improve literacy and enrich your vocabulary. Visual information trains memory, which improves spelling.

Helpful advice

If you do not have dictionaries, use electronic versions that can be found on the Internet.

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• How to improve your speech literacy

Literacy in written language is a kind of calling card of a person. If he writes with numerous spelling and grammatical errors, in many cases it will be difficult for him to apply for a prestigious, well-paid job. Therefore, improving writing literacy is a fairly urgent task for many people.

Instructions

Knowledge of the rules is necessary, but not the only condition for competent written speech. A literate person may no longer remember the rules that he once learned - he just knows exactly how to write. To achieve such “innate” literacy, you need to read high-quality Russian literature. The correct construction of phrases, the spelling of words by the classics of Russian literature should be deposited in the mind, becoming a kind of template.

A remarkable example of Russian written speech is the work of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky. If your home library does not have his books, download their electronic versions from one of the online libraries.

When reading Paustovsky’s books, listen to the sound of the classic’s speech. To its melodiousness, melody, rhythm. Correct written speech in poetry should flow smoothly, fluently, with pauses in the right places, emphasizing its rhythm. The correct rhythm of the text is the basis of competent written speech.

Start mastering the correct rhythm by writing simple phrases of several words, then combine these phrases. For example: “It was a fine day. A light breeze carried the scent of blooming acacia.” First, combine these phrases without a comma (this is incorrect): “It was a fine spring day; a light breeze carried the smell of blooming acacia.” According to the rules, you need to separate them with a comma, since each of them has a subject and . But if you just listen to the rhythm of the phrase, you will catch a pause in the place where it should be. By learning to feel the rhythm of phrases, you will be able to place punctuation marks correctly without thinking about the rules.

To master rhythm, listen to audiobooks. Listen to how the reader pronounces phrases and in what places he makes punctuation pauses. When you write your texts, listen to their sound and place them in places that logically follow from the rhythm of the sound.

Use training programs to improve your writing, they can be found on the Internet. Such programs allow you to test various aspects of literacy, and you can choose the difficulty. After working with such programs, you can significantly improve the quality of your written speech.

There are children who, from the very beginning of learning to write, make virtually no mistakes. Teachers praise them, and parents of less literate classmates set examples for their children and hope that their child will learn to write as well and correctly as excellent student Tanya. Meanwhile, the example of a desk neighbor alone is not enough here. Develop your linguistic sense baby It is possible, but this will require a set of measures.

You will need

• - books;
• - a computer with a text editor;
• - social network account;
• - “Scrabble” and other games with letters;
• - a collection of outdoor games for attention;
• - printed board games;
• - foreign language teacher.

Instructions

Develop phonemic awareness baby. If you haven’t made sound models of words before school, it’s time to do it. Explain to him what sounds exist and how they are indicated in writing. Not all words are written the way they are heard, and the child must learn this difference.

If there are no speech impairments, but there is obvious inattention, try to rid your child of this shortcoming. There are many games for attention, and you can play them at any time, including while walking. Choose ones that require each participant to clearly complete the task. These can be classics, when you need to strictly follow the sequence of movements, exercises with a skipping rope, with a ball. Do not neglect verbal and board-printed games when you need to accurately count, for example, the number of steps or name a city with the same letter as the name of the previous one. Store-bought or homemade letter games, such as Spell a Word or Scrabble, can be a great help. The child understands the task, and he will involuntarily strive to form words correctly.

Try to include baby to reading. Not all children love books, but in this situation a computer or e-book reader can be very helpful. Many modern children are more willing to perceive text from a screen than from paper pages. Moreover, the desired work can often be found on the Internet rather than in the library. If you follow the rules of hygiene, then there is no harm to your eyesight baby the computer will not harm.

Your thoughts, a chronicle of events or a description of something. Try to bring the reader up to date and answer the question: what is the article talking about. The conclusion sums up what was stated in the article.

Word games

So that time in line, on the road or during any other waiting process is not wasted, but is as interesting and useful as possible, you can play with words. This could include rhyming, playing city games, asking them to name words that start with certain syllables, or making sentences in which each word begins with a specific letter of the alphabet.

Crosswords

Many children's magazines have a variety of crossword puzzles for children of different ages. There is no need to neglect them, since crosswords are great for training the brain and helping to improve your speech.

Communication with parents

Children learn to speak with the help of their parents, so parental speech should always be as literate as possible. If a child makes mistakes, you need to correct him with a response sentence.

Word games on paper

New words and rules must be memorized not only auditorily, but also visually. The best way to do this is to play word games using letters written or printed on paper. For example, gallows, “Field of Miracles”, making short words from one big one, snake - writing a long chain of words, each word of which will begin with the last letter of the previous one.

Posters and placards on the wall

When learning to read, a child should regularly pay attention to letters so that they are better remembered. And along with the letters, new words will be memorized, which will lead to an increase in vocabulary. On the walls you can hang various posters and banners that have images and captions for them. Topics can be very different - from flowers and animals to modes of transport and geometric companies. Such posters will be an ideal assistant for matching the visual image with the word.

Dictionaries

Every child should have a spelling dictionary. In addition to professional ones, you need to create your own dictionary, which will contain the most difficult words that most often cause difficulties. As soon as you have accumulated a few words (5-10-15), you can make crossword puzzles out of them, write short dictations, or play “find the mistake.”

Parents must remember that such exercises with the child should take place in the form of games in a favorable environment, and not turn into a painful and unloved activity that discourages the desire to learn.

There are a number of ways to achieve literacy. These include working with dictionaries, memorizing the basic rules of the Russian language, which, in general, are contained in school textbooks, writing dictations, reading works of fiction, etc. It will be very useful to use several methods. And the main thing here is systematicity and purposefulness.

Working with dictionaries

In your home library you must have at least one explanatory and spelling dictionary. The most popular and useful are explanatory dictionaries edited by Ushakov and Ozhegov. Every day you need to review and memorize the spelling and meaning of at least five to six words. Particular attention should be paid to the placement of stress. This will allow you not only to accurately write down new words, but also to pronounce them correctly, and will also significantly expand your vocabulary. Even if you think that you have a fairly rich vocabulary, there will always be interesting and unfamiliar words, since the language is constantly developing, replenished with new vocabulary, some words become archaic, disappear from everyday speech, being used only in.

Russian language rules

It would not be amiss to remember what you have studied in the Russian language. There are quite a lot of them. The presence of such a multitude of rules is associated primarily with language reforms, with the formation of a language on the foundation of pre-existing dialects. These phenomena have given rise to exceptions to these rules, which should also not be overlooked. Moreover, there is an exception to almost every rule. In this regard, the Russian language is quite difficult for foreigners to learn.

Home dictations

Writing down dictation texts every day after a certain time will undoubtedly yield results. This is a method that has been proven over the years for memorizing the spelling of hitherto unfamiliar words, placing punctuation marks, and constructing sentences. It has been used since time immemorial. However, the greatest success in this is achieved by those who have more developed memory associated with motor skills and sound perception. Systematicity plays a big role here. Half an hour of practice a day is enough to start writing more competently within a couple of months.

Reading literature

Reading fiction will be no less useful in this matter. The classics are preferable, since it is there that all the beauty and splendor of the Russian language will be revealed to you. All kinds of metaphors, allegories and other artistic techniques used by the authors make the language special and unique. Where else can you find such an abundance of vocabulary! It is in the literature that one can find all possible ways of constructing sentences, the influence of emotions on the placement of punctuation marks. At the same time, reading should become a good habit.

Video on the topic

Tip 18: How to improve your writing on your own

With the growing availability of the Internet, the possibilities of communication on this truly worldwide network are expanding. It’s so great to communicate with different people, learn something new, and run a business. However, it is very important to conduct correspondence competently. How can you independently improve your literacy level and expand your vocabulary?

Even if you did poorly at school and have a weak “3” in the Russian language on your certificate (which, most often, corresponds to an objective assessment of “2”), as an adult you can significantly improve your writing literacy and learn to express your thoughts in an original, interesting way.

Read!

Start with the works of great writers - learn from them, look for original expressions, rare words. Force yourself to read at least a story (a short story or chapter of a novel) a day. If you don't know the meaning of some words, be sure to look them up in a dictionary.

Helpful advice: a person who reads a lot quickly begins to write more competently, however, to further speed up this process, read long and complex words several times, slowly, preferably out loud.

I would like to draw the reader’s attention to the following problem: there are many more errors in books published after 2000 than in Soviet ones. Try to choose books published before 1980-90.

Write!

Of course, you won’t be able to learn to write correctly without practice. Divide your “writing” into several stages. Start with texts, then start giving yourself dictations (ask for help from relatives, friends, or write from audio recordings of books). After the number of errors made in the texts has been significantly reduced, move on to presentations (pay attention not only to literacy, but also to the logic of the presentation of information, the artistic merits of your text). Remember that the complexity of the texts you work with should gradually increase.

Helpful advice: The ideal option at the stage of written training is to find an assistant who will keep you company, dictate, and check your texts. The opposite situation is also useful - checking someone else's dictation or presentation.

After practicing on other people’s texts, move on to creating your own. Start, for example, keeping a diary, writing

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“On the boardwalk terrace, the well-known freckled Agrippina Savvichna treated the collegiate assessor Apollon Ippolitovich with vinaigrette, shellfish and other dishes.” This tricky dictation was written by our grandmothers to prove their literacy. As a rule, few people managed to get by without making mistakes the first time. But the examinees remembered for the rest of their lives the spelling of those words that they failed. Today, children need to first translate a passage from classical Russian to modern Russian. Because, as philologist teachers assure, the vocabulary of today's children and teenagers is rapidly declining.

Recently, in one of the Moscow schools, eleventh-graders, while recording a passage from dictation, unanimously wrote “with the rokobes” instead of “Griboyedov fought with the obscurantists.” Because “rock” and “demons” are somehow understandable, but no one has heard of “obscurantists.” As well as about “threshing” or, say, about “brochure”.

So if you want to raise a literate child, first of all inspect your home bookshelves: after all, in addition to the spelling dictionary ed. V.V. Lopatin, it would be good to include, at a minimum, an explanatory dictionary and an orthoepic one. And, of course, teach the child to use them.

But let's return to the unforgettable freckled Agrippina: it turns out that the relevance of the text remains to this day. After all, almost every word in this dictation is based on some specific rule.

Judge for yourself:

• “cobblestone” - suffix -chat- (the suffix -schat- does not exist);
• “not unknown” is written together, because it can be replaced with the synonym “known”. And after Russian prefixes on consonants, instead of and, it is written ы;
• “regaled” - if in the 1st person the verb ends in -y (I regaled), then we choose the suffix -eva-.

Well, you need to know the spelling of such names and patronymics as Agrippina Savvichna and Apollon Ippolitovich, because today old names are in great fashion. So, in 20 years, this knowledge may come in handy when you have to write to your partners, colleagues, and even more so to your superiors.

Where are the literate ones?

“Recently, a 5th year student of the philology department of a well-known and respected university came to our practice. Her notes for the first lesson began like this: “Hello children” - without a comma!” — the director of a Moscow school says indignantly.

And many are ready to share this indignation. After all, it’s already somewhat banal to say that universal literacy is falling. Why is all this happening and what to do about it?

Causes of illiteracy:

1. The first, which is always cited by teachers, psychologists and sociologists, is the lack of reading habit. And it’s not just children and teenagers who don’t read, but everyone in general. Or they read, but that’s not it: in the “literary waste paper” not only will you not find examples of literate speech, but also with proofreading things are very bad.
2. Internet communication also makes its contribution: the abbreviations, slang, and careless handling of spelling involuntarily transferred into normal written speech.
3. We have to admit that training in schools and universities has deteriorated.
4. Much depends on the fact that parents are looking for the problem in the wrong place. A child gets bad marks in Russian, but is scolded for laziness. He can’t put two words together, but with all his might they push him into a strong class with a complicated program: they say, it’s better to be a lagging student there than in a regular class - an average student. And as a result, they trigger possible speech therapy problems, which tend to manifest themselves as illiteracy.

Cause: disease

So, in the pursuit of literacy, the first thing you need to do is show the future student to a speech therapist. And the sooner, the better.

“By the age of four,” says speech therapist Olga Kovalevskaya, “it is possible to determine whether a child is at risk. And this is exactly the age when treatment will be most effective.”

What should alert parents and become a reason to go to a specialist:

• the child does not pronounce all sounds clearly, replaces some with others (r - l, s - w);
• does not distinguish speech sounds by ear (voiced - dull, hard - soft, whistling - hissing);
• skips syllables in words: for example, instead of “ve-lo-si-ped” he pronounces “ve-lo-ped”;
• the baby has insufficiently developed fine motor skills (cannot tie shoelaces, fasten buttons, etc.);
• visual-spatial representations are not sufficiently formed (cannot copy an image, confuses right - left, top - bottom, etc.).

Reading and writing impairments appear already by the middle of 1st grade. For example, a student with dyslexia rearranges or skips letters and sometimes syllables when reading aloud.

The Myth of Innate Literacy

It happens that it is not possible to find a test word due to a poor vocabulary. But a speech therapist will no longer help with this problem - if children read little, where will rich vocabulary come from?

Respect for books has been instilled since the age of 3. And it starts with how often the child sees mom and dad with a book. And how often and how much they read to him.

“Sometimes I hear a person boasting: “I never learned the rules, but I write without mistakes! I have innate literacy!” says psychologist Andrei Sokolov. “From here we can conclude that innate illiteracy also exists. Which means, learn - "Don't study, the result is the same? I'm afraid to upset those who believe in this, but the ability to write without errors is, after all, an acquired property. It was simply acquired by those who seem to be able to do it automatically, at an early age."

What is necessary for the so-called “innate literacy” to appear?

Firstly, you need to have excellent visual memory.

How to develop visual memory? There are many ways. Let's name the most common ones:

1. work with pictures "Find 10 differences";
2. game “What’s missing?”: place 7-10 objects on the table, and when the child says that he remembered them all, ask him to turn away and remove something or rearrange it. The challenge is to determine what has changed;
3. One of the most effective exercises is to show your child a piece of paper on which simple figures or patterns are depicted and ask them to try to draw them from memory.

Let's study

Let's assume the best case scenario: your child does not have any speech therapy problems, and there is a cult of reading in the family. All this does not mean that the child will become literate on its own. The process must be controlled and directed.

Before school

1. When reading aloud, pronounce all words clearly.
2. Talk to your child more. Every time you read fairy tales, have a conversation: who the main character is, where he lives, what he does... And make sure that the child does not answer in monosyllables, but constructs sentences logically.

Primary School

1. In 1st grade, we look at which words the child makes mistakes and always work on the mistakes.
2. We set tasks: find in the text, for example, proper names (including animal names, names of cities). We ask: “How would you write them?”
3. In 2nd-3rd grade everything is the same, but we ask you to also find, for example, all the adjectives. Or all words with an unstressed vowel, etc.
4. To consolidate what has been learned, the so-called “letter with holes” is useful. That is, let him write words in which there are stressed vowels and vowels that the child is sure of, and skip those that he doubts. So that you can think about it later and choose test words with the same root. For example, say... The test word is "milk". This is a great technique for developing self-control.
5. When arranging home dictations, first be sure to read the text out loud and ask the child to close his eyes and, while listening, imagine what the text says. And only then start writing.

high school

1. The biggest mistake parents of frequently ill children (and these days, are the majority) is forgetting that homework is only a third of what students learn in class. That is, simply completing everything that was assigned for homework is completely insufficient: you must also complete all the exercises that are in the textbook on the missed topic.

And in general, the golden rule of an excellent student: it is not the most capable, but the most diligent who passes the exams best. That is, someone who is not lazy to complete the entire routine of daily tasks. Then the spelling rules will be followed automatically. Moreover, there are not many really difficult ones among them. And if they are not given, you need to turn to the teacher for help.

1. As in primary school, working on mistakes remains the most important weapon in the fight against illiteracy. It must be inevitable and mandatory! With a good teacher, all students have a special notebook where they write down words in which they made mistakes. Then dictations are compiled from these words: it is quite enough to write them 2 times a week for 5 minutes.

Memos

Does your child, with unpleasant persistence, forget the rules and make a mistake out of a mistake? It is very difficult not to break down and scold him. But you will have to restrain yourself: anyway, shouting will not do any good, and intolerance in this matter is a bad help. Believe me, the more fun the fight, the easier it is to win.

The Russian language is very logical. Let's take the same Agrippina Savvichna as an example: what does she have on her nose - freckles or freckles? And it’s immediately clear why it’s spelled “freckled.” An experienced teacher knows: if children laugh at a mistake, they will probably remember the correct spelling of the word in the future.

How do you remember all the voiceless consonants? Try to memorize s - t - p - k - x - h - w - sch - c - f. It's a bit difficult, right? Attention - we turn on our imagination, and now: “Styopka, do you want a cheek? - Fi!” They're all here, and it's easy to remember.

And, for example, the phrase “Zosya is waiting” includes all consonants, after which the suffix -chik- should be placed.

Not sure how to spell "men" and "women"? Use Domostroev’s logic: “a rank for a husband, a cabbage soup for a wife.” You really can't go wrong! Usually children are delighted with such pedagogical tricks.

Discussion

02.12.2017 15:36:44, Rezada

Very good and instructive article. It will be very useful for young mothers, and not only for them, but for many others who want their children to study well and know their native language.

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