Panorama of the Nikolaev Cavalry School. Virtual tour of the Nikolaev Cavalry School

Newspaper “New Time”, May 21, 1929, No. 2415, Belgrade - article by Sergei Yakovlevich Grebenshchikov.
Vadimov’s essays entitled “Cornets and Beasts,” published in a separate publication, awakened many memories. After reading them, you involuntarily relive the years spent at the Nikolaev Cavalry School.
I would like to say something about that recent time, when the old traditions, which not only did not interfere with the correct flow of educational and internal cadet life, but also in some cases had great positive significance, were not yet persecuted by the heads of the school themselves. I’m talking about the years when General Rynkevich was the boss, under whom the person writing these lines spent time at the school.

Two weeks before our promotion to officers (the first graduation under Emperor Nicholas II), General Rynkevich was replaced by General Pavel Pleve. With his light hand (if only the hand of this general can be called “light”), the well-known open “tsuk” and traditions became forbidden fruit, began to go underground and began to take on more and more uglier forms, which partly could already be seen from the above essays by Vadimov, who was at the school during Plehve’s time. Under General DeWitt, who put a lot of work and energy, worthy of better use, in the fight against traditions and zuk - the latter, despite the heroic attempts of this chief to reduce it completely to nothing - became even more ugly. Some of the customs described by Vadimov did not exist at all in our time, while others took a completely different form.


Describing the first day of his stay at the school, Mr. Vadimov tells how one of the “cornets”, who arrived from vacation earlier than the others, forced all the “young” to introduce themselves. Moreover, if the “young” one noticed “clumsiness” in the figure or in general, the performance was not “clear enough”, then the whole ceremony stopped, and the “beast” had to start it again. Upon arrival of the “cornets” from vacation, the “young” were introduced to all the “cornets” in the same way. During these performances, the “animals” were asked various questions to test their knowledge of the names, numbers and distinctions of regiments, superiors, and all sorts of humorous questions were also offered. If the “young people” did not respond to all this, either out of ignorance or slowness, then, according to Mr. Vadimov, a general, “merciless and unbearable tsuk from all the cornets, from the first to the last,” began.


There was nothing like this in our time, the time of the open tsuk. On the first day after their arrival, the “cornets” simply got acquainted with the “animals”, listening only to the young man’s last name and the place or educational institution from which they came and, also mentioning their last name, there was no talk of any questions. How was it possible for the “young”, many of whom were civilians, to know the rules of military bearing, regiments, superiors and all sorts of purely cavalry names? All this “animals” was taught from the first day of the gathering of all cadets by special “cornets” - teachers who received 2-3 “animals” at their disposal, with whom they studied in the evenings in their free time. These teachers did not teach any jokes like “what is progress”, “the life of a vandal” or “a mechanic”, or “what kind of horseshoes does such and such a regiment have.” For these jokes there were special fans from the “cornets” and special types from the “animals”, very few in number - and this activity has never been included in school traditions in our time!


By the day of the oath (usually a month after arriving at the school), the “young” should have been fully prepared, both in terms of the necessary military bearing and in knowledge of the authorities (starting with the stripes of their platoon and ending with the Tsar’s family) and all regiments of the Russian cavalry , their combat differences and uniforms. The “beasts” were familiarized with the latter by the regimental shields - coats of arms, hanging in a special hall, called the “coat of arms”. Testing of all this knowledge was carried out by the patches (i.e., estandard cadets, as the harness cadets were called in our everyday life) during their duty in the half-squadron when the “animals” went on vacation. On the day of the oath, everyone was easily released, because... on this day, according to tradition, the whole school - both the “cornets” and the “animals” - spent the evening at the Ciniselli circus. When reporting (before going on leave) to the duty officer (and sometimes the platoon sergeant was also present), verification of bearing and all the necessary (serious) knowledge was carried out very strictly. Having noticed any irregularity either in the form of clothing or in the answers, the duty officer, without indicating what the error actually was, simply commanded: “Around! Appear again,” and the “beast” stood at the end of the queue of those appearing or went to the platoon and there, in front of the mirror, looked for a flaw in the uniform or asked his comrades what the mistake was in his answers, and then stood in line again. There were cases that, having appeared several times, and everything was unsuccessful, the “young” himself refused leave, until the next time. This order taught the cadets to the most careful accuracy in their clothing and forced them to know perfectly everything that was required. The officer on duty at the school could quite calmly release the “beast” into the city, knowing full well that since the “beast” was released from above, from the squadron, it means he is dressed in uniform, and straightened out enough, and knows everything that should be, otherwise he would not have been allowed to see the duty officer.


What was very difficult at first (and what Mr. Vadimov does not talk about) was the obligatory for the “animals” to stand in front of all the squadron’s stripes. At first, except for the squadron and platoon sergeants, the rest did not have stripes as correcting positions of estandard cadets, and therefore the “animals” often made mistakes and stood up for the wrong people, and vice versa, let those who should have stood up. All this caused comments, because... “Cornets” simply tutted if someone stood up to them by mistake, and striped ones tutted for yawning. Little by little, the stripes themselves asked the “animals” within their platoon not to stand up, but at first it was very tiring and did not give the opportunity to simply write letters. But this tradition, of course, had its good side, because she taught him to see the authorities in his own cadet, which was then reflected in further service, in the regiment, where the cornet, out of habit, quite calmly made the necessary comments both in the ranks and outside of it to his own, but junior comrade, the cornet. And this never caused friction between them - habit means a lot. The “Cornet” in school, and especially the striped one, remained a “Cornet” for the “beast” for the rest of his life, which did not prevent them from being on excellent terms with each other.

When a squadron sergeant (who had his own room) entered the platoon, the first person who noticed him, be it a “cornet” or a “beast,” commanded: “stand up, stand at attention!”
All this provided a strong basis for the development of correct concepts of discipline and honor. For us, our own cadets - the striped ones - were real bosses, and not props. Inattention to the stripes would easily lead to insufficient attention to the officer rank. In our country, veneration of rank and honor was elevated to a cult - we flaunted it and were proud of it, everyone got involved in it, but at first it was difficult. The stripes used the power granted to them by the charter, which was natural, because cadets from military schools were already considered to be in military service. As a result of this, penalties were not sought or invented by the stripers themselves, but those provided for by the charter were applied, that is, extra orders or being left without leave.
What was the need to take away from the stripes the power granted to them by the charter - I could never understand this. Why could a non-commissioned officer - soldier use this power, but a non-commissioned officer - cadet could not (as was the case in other schools and as it became in ours under the above-mentioned general reformers)? In our time, platoon sergeants were serious bosses, used their power openly and never allowed “cornets” to mock “animals.”

I remember how one day, after my return from vacation, cornet N-sky came up to me and said: “Take the trouble to appear to the platoon sergeant and report that today I saw how you missed saluting an officer on Nevsky.” I immediately appeared to the platoon commander Yah-wu, and he said: “Stay for Wednesday without leave. don’t yawn next time.” Wednesday came. Of course, I’m on vacation and don’t think about going. Seeing this, N-sky came up to my bed and began asking me why I didn’t go on vacation when the weather was so beautiful. I was annoyed because I felt that he wanted to mock me, but I calmly answered that I wasn’t going because I didn’t want to. So N-sky came up to me several times. Platoon commander Yah-v was lying on his bed and apparently heard how N-sky was tormenting me with his questions, because suddenly, after N-go’s third approach to me, he loudly called me and said: “get dressed for vacation,” - which I was not slow in doing. N-sky, having heard the words of Yah-v, approached him and began to say that Yah-v probably forgot that I was left without leave for an offense noticed by him, N-sky. I clearly heard Yah-v answer him: “I know very well who, how and for what I punished, but I will never allow my cadets to be mocked.”


I repeat that we did not allow any mockery, and ordinary cornets did not use any power to impose penalties. In the orders for the smoking room, in addition to the humorous points, there were a lot of sensible ones, about which Mr. Vadimov, unfortunately, said nothing, and which were traditionally carried out and supported not only by the “animals”, but also by all the “cornets”. Such points include, for example, the prohibition on walking along Nevsky under electric lighting - as soon as the lights flashed, you had to turn into the nearest street or take a cab. Taking into account the composition of the public who flooded the sidewalks of Nevsky in the light of electricity, this rule of the order had its significance. Our cadets have never been among this evening, sidewalk crowd! It was also forbidden to drive reckless vehicles, which was considered bad manners - either “your own” or a “vanka”! Previously, only reckless drivers had tires, but even when ordinary cab drivers began to have them, rubber tires were avoided for a long time.
The requirement to fold laundry in a certain, identical order for everyone taught them to have order, which was especially useful for slobs and mama’s boys. To put the removed linen in order, the “beasts” were sometimes woken up, not only by the cornet, but also by their brother “the beast” - the orderly, since the orderlies and duty officers were responsible for order to the duty officer. This order was mandatory for everyone, but, as Vadimov says, they were not forced to solve any geometric problems on long johns - this was probably also one of the fruits of the “tsuk” being driven underground.

No one was woken up for humorous questions (Vadimov points out this as a common occurrence), except for those gentlemen who would probably have been mocked in any other educational institution, where there will always be those who like to mock the older ones and those who like to curry favor among the younger ones! One “beast” cadet studied with me, who, at the command of any “cornet,” began to gallop through the platoon and, also on command, change legs according to all the rules of dressage riding. The “cornet” and his own “animals” made fun of him in his absence, and he was terribly offended if he suddenly began his exercises at the command of some joker “animal”. Various jokes were played on this gentleman even when he was in his senior year by his fellow cornets. But these jokes on certain individuals, of course, did not mean that their implementation was part of the school’s traditions, and that all “animals” were traditionally subjected to them.

Based on Vadimov’s essays, one can think that this was exactly how it was in his time; it is not for nothing that he recalls how the “animals” joyfully awaited the start of classes: “Thank God that lectures and drills will begin tomorrow! Less time to carry out traditions!” - the impression one gets from this phrase is that traditions consisted mainly of harassment and mockery - this was probably also a consequence of driving the “tsuk” underground...
In our time of open “tsuka” traditions did not produce such oppression on us and did not have the character of a general pestering of the “cornet” to the “animals” with various trifles! Relations between the senior and junior courses were, with few exceptions, very good, despite the insistent demand for the fulfillment of all traditions (by the way, those that Vadimov also recalls: the cornet ladder, cornet corners, etc.). Penalties were imposed only by stripes, and only those that were provided for by the charter - there were no endless “twirlings” in the form of punishment, which Vadimov recalls, or countless squats, which, as they say, were used later - never happened in our time! I think that during the time of the chief defenders of the equality of “animals” with “cornets”, the former lived much worse than in the times of the open legal “tsuk”.

The “animals,” noted for their malicious reluctance to follow school traditions, were subjected to a special kind of indoctrination. While reading the order for the smoking room in the smoking room, after each point that was violated by one or another “beast”, the reader of the order loudly called the offender by name, which was picked up by all the cornets, with the addition of “so-and-so on the line” - and the culprit had to go out to the “line” already described by Vadimov, where the cornets illuminated it from all sides with candles. But this was very rare: with me there was only one case of a call to the line - the traditions were maintained by the “animals” themselves. If among the “cornets” there was a gentleman who did not want to carry out the school traditions, then he was transferred by common consent “to a special position” and was obliged to do everything that was required of the “animals” from the first days of their stay at the School. The camaraderie in the school was very developed.

I remember how one of the senior class cadets did not show up from vacation on time, on Sunday, and did not show up for the start of classes on Monday. The "Cornets", knowing the hot character of their comrade and his tendency to go on a big spree, became worried. The platoon and squadron sergeants asked permission from the squadron commander to immediately release several cadets to search for the missing man, in order to prevent the possibility of any story that could adversely affect both the good name of the school and the fate of a dissolute but good man. Permission was given, and a few hours later his comrades, who knew the habits of the missing “cornet,” dragged him out of some over-the-top party. He served his due time under arrest, and the matter ended happily for everyone.
Those commanders who tried to destroy traditions in the Nikolaev Cavalry School, and even traditions that strengthened military discipline, acted very short-sightedly! In some military schools there were just the opposite traditions (how not only to stand up in their premises not only for the badges, but even for their officers, not to command in formation “at attention” not to their commander, etc.) - that’s where to appoint such enemies of traditions, like the above-mentioned generals - but for some reason everything there remained the same!


In every closed educational institution, in parallel, so to speak, with official life, official orders, there will always be an unofficial side with its own customs and traditions. The authorities must only ensure that this aspect does not develop into ugly forms. The authorities should not interfere with the implementation of innocent traditions and customs that fill a monotonous life, thereby giving vent to young impulses. The persecution of this side of life, the taking away of rights from elders, not only not harmful, but even useful, will always lead to the worse. Who was bothered, for example, by the so decoratively decorated tradition of the funeral of the class inspector, General Zirg, in whose person the cornets, shortly before the end of the winter lectures, seemed to bury the “sciences”! Although this custom has remained, Mr. Vadimov only mentions it as “Cornet custom.” This tradition became so ingrained that the elderly General Tsirg himself always asked: “Well, did they bury me?” and, having received a positive answer, added: “Well, that means I’ll live longer!” And it’s a strange thing, in the first or second year, when persecution began against traditions in general and at the funeral of the gene. Tsirga in particular, he himself died, and many former cadets of the Nicholas School came to his real funeral. How many times have they cheerfully buried their beloved inspector! How often did he appear in class amid noise with an invariably erroneously constructed phrase: “Gentlemen, more noise - less work! That is, he is guilty. Less business - more noise! Everyone was trying to get to this last funeral, which was no longer fun...
Or what and who was hindered by the tradition according to which, after the end of the last lecture in the senior class, the trumpet player had to blow not a simple one, but the so-called “general all-clear”, greeted with a loud cry of “Hurray!”? But how much energy the reformers-in-chief put into eradicating this custom, and how many penalties were imposed for its implementation - and who did it interfere with? The last lecture - how could we not celebrate it somehow? In the end, this custom was probably destroyed after several dramas, because... Mr. Vadimov no longer mentions him.


I will end these notes with an ardent wish that those in whose hands are the young forces do not destroy or fight traditions, of course, unless they are ugly and do not respond with mockery. Any permitted tradition will never result in ugly forms; on the contrary, often a careless ban on the most innocent custom can give rise to extremely undesirable phenomena. Youth must have an outlet for its impulses; It’s up to their leaders to find this way out and direct young impulses in a certain direction, and not stop them with dams that will break through sooner or later.

special military educational institutions for preparing officers for service in the cavalry; exist in almost all European countries - Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Italy, England. In Russia there are two types of them: 1) Nikolaevsky K. school in St. Petersburg and 2) cadet K. schools. In 1823, a school for guards ensigns was founded. In 1826, a squadron of K. cadets was formed at the school, and it received the name of the school of guards ensigns and K. cadets. In 1857, the school was renamed the Nikolaev School of Guards Junkers, and in 1865, during the reform of military educational institutions, it was transformed: the higher, special classes formed the present Nikolaev K. School, and the lower, general - Preparatory boarding school (now Nikolaevsky cadet corps). In 1890, a Cossack hundred was established at the school. According to the current regulations (St. V.P. Prince XV and Prikl. according to military history 1890 156), the Nikolaev K. School is intended to train young people for officer service in regular cavalry regiments and in mounted Cossack units. The school consists of two classes, with a one-year course in each. In terms of formation, it consists of a squadron and a hundred; the students are called cadets. The regular complement of cadets is 320, including 120 Cossacks. The immediate management of the school is entrusted to its head; The teaching part is the responsibility of the class inspector. The school has committees: pedagogical, disciplinary and economic. The junior class of the Nikolaev K. School is accepted upon reaching the age of 16: a) those who have successfully completed a full course in cadet corps and b) those who have completed a course in secondary educational institutions, or who have presented certificates of passing tests at these institutions in the scope of the entire course. Persons of the second category are accepted, however, only for available vacancies. Cossack natives are kept in the school at public expense; other young people are accepted as self-paid boarders; Externs are allowed only with the permission of the chief commander of military educational institutions. Training course: 1) the law of God, 2) mathematics, 3) chemistry, 4) tactics, 5) artillery, 6) fortification, 7) military topography, 8) initial military administration, 9) military law, 10) practical classes in Russian and foreign languages, 11) hippology and 12) drawing - topographical, artillery and fortification. In the camp, cadets are engaged in front-line exercises, engineering and topographical work, and become familiar with gunfire and the materiel of artillery. At the end of the course, cadets assigned to the first category by exam are graduated as cornets of the army cavalry, with one year of seniority, and those who distinguished themselves are graduated as cornets of the guards cavalry; those assigned to the second category are army cavalry cornets without seniority, while those assigned to the third category are transferred to army cavalry regiments as non-commissioned officers for 6 months. Those incapable of military service are awarded, upon graduation, civilian ranks of the XII or XIV class, depending on their success. Junker K. schools currently there are two - Tverskoe and Elisavetgradskoe and, in addition, three Cossack ones: Novocherkassk, Stavropol and Orenburg. See Junker schools.

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The Elisavetgrad Cavalry Junker School was inaugurated on September 26, 1865.

Previously in Elisavetgrad in 1859-1865. There was an officer cavalry school designed for the special education of cavalry officers, which taught tactics, horse riding, vaulting, artillery, fortification, veterinary medicine, blacksmithing, fencing and gymnastics. The training course lasted 2 years. According to the Decree of the Minister of War of August 2, 1866 and the statement of the Military Council, it was attached to the training cavalry squadron, with placement in the town of Selishchenskiye Barracks, Novgorod province. This officer cavalry school can be considered the predecessor of the Elisavetgrad cavalry cadet school - it left its premises and teachers to the EKYU.

The Elisavetgrad Cavalry Junker School was intended to recruit officers for the cavalry units of the Kyiv, Odessa and Kharkov military districts.

At first the school had one squadron (of 90 cadets). The school curriculum was designed for 2 years and, in addition to general subjects (the law of God, the Russian language, mathematics, geography, history, drawing, natural history), included special tactics, military topography, field fortification, artillery, military administration, military legislation, hippology, military hygiene, methods of teaching soldiers school literacy, practical classes in tactics, topography and sapper work.

Gradually, the number of cadets in the EKUU increased: in 1868 - 150, in 1871 - 200, in 1874 - 300 people. In 1874, the cadets were divided into 2 squadrons: the 1st - to complete the dragoon regiments, the 2nd - for the hussars and uhlan regiments.

In 1876, a Cossack department for 35 people was opened at the Elisavetgrad Cavalry Junker School. By that time, in the Russian Empire there was only one exclusively Cossack school - the Novocherkassk military school (founded in 1869) and the training of future officers of the Cossack troops, besides it, was also carried out in 3 mixed cadet-military schools: Orenburg (founded in 1867 ), Stavropol (founded in 1870) and Irkutsk (founded in 1872), as well as at the Cossack departments of the Vilna and Warsaw cadet military schools. In 1878, the Orenburg and Stavropol schools became completely Cossack schools. In 1886, the Cossack department of the EKUU was transferred to the Novocherkassk Cossack School.

By 1880, there were 16 cadet schools in the Russian Empire - 10 infantry, 3 Cossack, 1 mixed and 2 cavalry - Elisavetgrad and Tverskoe. TKYU (like EKYU) was founded in 1865 with 60 junkers. In 1868, the Tver Cavalry Junker School increased its staff to 90, and in 1880 150 cadets were trained there.

In addition to these two cadet schools (TKYU and EKYU), officers for the cavalry were trained by the Nikolaev Cavalry School in St. Petersburg (founded in 1865 on the basis of the Nikolaev School of Guards Junkers). In the modern understanding, it had a higher level of accreditation - its graduates of the 1st and 2nd categories (who passed “successfully”) were sent to units as officers, while graduates of cadet schools received the rank of estandard cadets (in the infantry - cadet belts) and only after camp training in their regiments, those graduated with the 1st category were promoted to officers on the recommendation of their superiors without any vacancies in the regiment, and the graduates of the 2nd category waited for a vacancy to appear. The student body of the NKU consisted of 200 cadets, and only in 1890, when the Cossack hundred appeared at the school, the total number of cadets increased to 320.

In 1866, due to the existence of the NKU, Elisavetgrad and Tver cavalry cadet schools, graduation to the cavalry from other schools was stopped.

Thus, it can be argued that the Elisavetgrad Cavalry Junker School already from 1874 became the main supplier of officer personnel for the cavalry of the Russian Empire - its graduates were one third more than those of the Nikolaev Cavalry School, and twice as many as those of the Tver Cavalry Junker School.

The cadet schools accepted graduates of military gymnasiums or corresponding civilian educational institutions, as well as volunteers. From 1869, non-commissioned officers conscripted could also enlist. In 1868-1886. in Elisavetgrad there was a military gymnasium - a four-year educational institution, the main purpose of which was the initial education of future cadets of the EKYU. In addition, former students of the Elisavetgrad Zemstvo Real School, classical and other gymnasiums, as well as the Kiev and Poltava military gymnasiums closest to Elisavetgrad (reformed in 1865 from cadet corps, and in 1882 again transformed into cadet corps) entered the school.

The main composition of the students of the Elisavetgrad Cavalry School was diverse. Hereditary nobles (among whom there were also titled ones - princes and barons) made up no more than 20%, and even together with the children of junior officers and officials, they barely reached half the course in the 19th century, and from the beginning of the 20th century, most of the cadets were peasants, bourgeois and Cossacks origin.

On May 20, 1898, the Elisavetgrad City Duma adopted a Decree on the acceptance of the City Council’s report on the rationale for the need to open a cadet corps in Elisavetgrad and authorized the Council to begin lobbying the Chief of Military Educational Institutions and the Commander of the Odessa Military District to ensure that the planned foundation of In the south of Russia, a new cadet corps was built in Elisavetgrad, for which in Kovalevka, between the railway and Sladkaya Balka, specialists selected a site with an area of ​​about 10 acres. In addition to Elisavetgrad, several other southern cities, including Odessa, showed a desire to open this cadet corps. The “competition” was won by Odessa, where a cadet corps was opened in 1899.

Military gymnasiums (cadet corps) were intended for future cadets of military schools to receive general secondary education, but those cadets who, for one reason or another, did not complete the course, entered cadet schools.

The course at the cadet school consisted of two classes - junior general and senior special. The volume and content of special education was dictated by the knowledge and skills necessary to command a battalion (in military schools the level of training was focused on commanding a regiment).

With the development of the network of cadet schools, the provision of officer ranks without a course of study was discontinued. But volunteers could become officers without enrolling and completing a college course, after passing the final exams, that is, as an external student. Officers who received ranks during hostilities without passing exams also underwent retraining at the EKUU.

In order to educate future officers at the level of military schools, in 1886, departments with a military school course began to be opened at cadet schools. At EKUU such a department was opened in 1888 (according to other sources, the first department of the junior class of the military school course at EKUU was opened in 1892).

In 1893, cadets at military schools were provided with the same uniform.

In 1901-1904. The cadet departments of the school were turned into military schools. In 1902, the EKUU was renamed the Elisavetgrad Cavalry School (EKU) and in 1904 carried out the last graduation from the cadet departments. Thus, EKU became the second (after the St. Petersburg Nikolaev Cavalry School) cavalry school in the Russian Empire (the Tver Cavalry Junker School was reorganized into a military school only in 1911, in which all cadet schools, by reforming into military schools, ceased to exist as type of military educational institutions).

On January 21, 1903, the Elisavetgrad Cavalry School was awarded the highest standard.

In 1908, all ranks of the school were issued Uhlan uniforms.

On January 19, 1913, the badge of the Elisavetgrad Cavalry School was approved, which was made of silver or white metal and represented a double-headed eagle from the time of Elizabeth Petrovna with a torch and a wreath in its paws, above the heads of which there is a silver radiance with the monogram of Emperor Alexander II (the honorary founder of the school ), between the heads and wings - the numbers 18 and 65 (year of foundation), on the chest of the eagle - a red enamel shield with the image of St. George the Serpent Fighter, on the tail of the eagle - the monogram of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Sr. (inspector general of cavalry and engineering troops).

At the end of 1917, the Elisavetgrad Cavalry School was disbanded.

In 1918, during the period of the hetmanate, the work of the Elisavetgrad Cavalry School was resumed and it trained personnel for the hetman’s army. The fate of the school from the times of the UPR (Ukrainian People's Republic) is unknown. In 1919, accelerated courses for Red commanders were held in Elisavetgrad. Later, the Soviet military educational institution that occupied the premises of the EKU was called the 5th Ukrainian Cavalry School named after. CM. Budyonny, as well as the Zinoviev Cavalry School, which existed here until 1935, after which it was transferred to Penza, where it merged with the Penza Cavalry School, which became the only cavalry school in the USSR.

Many graduates of the school became outstanding military leaders, and its teachers and directors were also famous.

The head of the Elisavetgrad Officer Cavalry School (1859-1866) was Colonel Eduard Abramovich Gaili. Perhaps this is the same Eduard Gaili, who (with the rank of captain) was a comrade in the service of A.A. Feta in the Order Cuirassier Regiment. This is how the poet described him: “He was the type of former hussar. Of average height, with a reddish tint of hair on his head and a mustache hanging over his entire chest, Gaili personified good-natured, mocking carefreeness. The golden head of a man's earring remained in the left mustache as a sign of past dandyism. Guiley’s favorite saying was the phrase: “For a young man there is nothing more honorable than military service.”

Order No. 1 for the school about its grand opening at 11 o'clock on September 26, 1865 was signed the day before by Major Rousseau.

The order to dissolve the school in accordance with the decision of the Council of Workers', Rural and Soldiers' Deputies was given on August 30, 1917 by Major General Savelyev.

It was somewhere
Far from the Seine:
The sun smelled like summer
The breeze is lilac.
Was at the parade
Under the April sky
In Elizavetgrad,
On the training ground:
Light checkers comb,
Horses, banners.
Listened to a prayer service
Both squadrons
About Christ-loving
Imperial army,
And with a holy impulse
The heart responded.
Music started playing.
The cadets are with her
In the name of - the Great -
They burst out - hurray!

The hymns have sounded
The parade rang out -
And the name disappeared:
Elizavetgrad.*
There are hearts on the sand -
Horse tracks...
And go into eternity
Horse rows.
Clear and rainy
It will be - as always,
And those who love Christ
Never armies!

*) Elisavetgrad (1754-1924),
Zinovievsk (1924-1934),
Kirovo (1934-1939),
Kirovograd (1939-2016)
Kropyvnytskyi (since 2016)

Anatoly Evgenievich Velichkovsky (1901-1981), White warrior, poet of the Russian Abroad.
(Face to face. - Paris: Rhyme, 1952)
[poem inserted by the site author]

The most famous boss (1896-1904) was Alexander Vasilyevich Samsonov (1859-1914). The funeral train with his body, brought from East Prussia, was met on the platform of the Elisavedgrad railway station by a line of cadets and school teachers led by the chief, Major General Vladimir Grigorievich Lishin.

Among the EKU teachers were Nikolai Dementievich Novitsky (1833-1906), a participant in the revolutionary democratic movement, Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorovsky (1838-1918), a cultural and educational figure, a talented military theorist, and after the revolution, a major Soviet military leader Pavel Pavlovich Sytin (1870-1938). The teacher and treasurer of the JKU in his last years was captain Evgeniy Vasilyevich Velichkovsky, the father of the Elisavetgrad high school student, and eventually a wonderful poet, Anatoly Evgenievich Velichkovsky (1901-1981). By the way, the father of the famous Soviet writer Leonid Panteleev, I.A. Eremeev, was a graduate of EKU when it was headed by A.V. Samsonov.

Over the years, interesting personalities studied at the school, who over time distinguished themselves well in the field of their activities. The range of talents formed within the walls of the cavalry school is very wide - from the invincible ace of the First World War (Colonel Alexander Aleksandrovich Kazakov, holder of the St. George's Arms, 1889-1919) to the cavalry general who took monastic vows and became a bishop (Major General Nikolai Konstantinovich Ushakov , tonsured - Neil, 1868-1933).

Notable among the graduates are: the famous gendarmerie general Vasily Dementievich Novitsky, leaders of the White movement, Lieutenant General Ivan Gavrilovich Barbovich (1874-1947) and Major General Vladimir Nikolaevich Vygran (1889-1983), Ukrainian military general-horunzhiy Ivan Vladimirovich Omelyanovich-Pavlenko (1881 -1962) and ataman of the free Cossack army Ivan Vasilyevich Poltavets-Ostryanitsa (1890-1957).

Several EKU graduates became original artists - Ambrosy Zhdakha, Konstantin Podushkin, Georgy Gursky, Viktor Arnautov. Former JCU cadets can also be found among writers - Joseph Varfolomeevich Shevchenko (1854 - until 1900), Yuri Aleksandrovich Slezkin (1890-1977). It is not difficult to continue the list of famous people associated with the Elisavetgrad Cavalry School, but even so we can conclude that it was a significant state educational institution of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.

[Ippolit Mikhailovich Rogge from September 1872 to June 1874 studied at the Elisavetgrad Cavalry Junker School and graduated from it in the 2nd category with a “successful” rating and was promoted to harness cadet.]

Application

Heads of EKUU - EKU*

1865: Colonel Russo Osip Gavrilovich.
1878-1885: Colonel Rynkevich Efim Efimovich (1846 - after 1896).
1885-1891: Major General Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov (1853-1920).
1891-1896: Colonel Litvinov Alexander Ivanovich (1853-?).
1896: Major General Sukhotin Nikolai Nikolaevich 1847 - after 1917.
1896-1904: Colonel Samsonov Alexander Vasilievich (1859-1914).
1904-1905: Major General De Witt Lev Vladimirovich (1861 - after 1919).
1905-1907: Major General Moritz Alexander Arnoldovich (1861-1936).
1907-1910: Major General Novikov Alexander Vasilyevich (1864-after 1931).
1910-1914: Major General Peters Vladimir Nikolaevich (1864 - after 1919).
1914-1917: Major General Vladimir Grigorievich Lishin (1857-?).
1917: Major General Savelyev Viktor Zakharovich (1875-1943).
1918: Major General Gerngross Boris Vladimirovich (1878 - after 1939).
1919: Major General Prokhorov Sergei Dmitrievich (1870-1953).

Church of the Elisavetgrad Cavalry School in honor of St. Archangel Michael

Elisavetgrad is a district town in the Kherson province, on the Ingula River, at the Elisavetgrad station of the South-Western Railway. dor. Trade city. 72 thousand population (Russians, Jews, Germans, etc.). Educational institutions: Cavalry school, men's gymnasium, women's state and two private gymnasiums, one women's pro-gymnasium, real school, religious school, commercial and city 6th grade. colleges and several parish schools. There are nine churches in the city; military - at the Cavalry School.

The cavalry school and its church are located in a majestic building (the former palace of Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky). The school was founded in 1865. The church was built in 1904 using economic funds from the school, on the lower floor of the school. The throne is movable - in the name of St. Archangel Michael. This house church of the school was previously located in Kiev and was built in 1862 in the building of the former Kyiv Military School, which was later renamed its military gymnasium. With the transfer of the said pro-gymnasium from Kiev to Elisavetgrad in 1869, the iconostasis of this church and part of the utensils were transferred to the Kiev Military Cathedral, and the rest of the church supplies with temple icons were transferred along with the educational institution to Elisavetgrad. Upon the abolition of the military gymnasium and with the transfer of the building to the jurisdiction of the Elisavetgrad Cavalry School, the church and church property were also transferred to this school. Initially, it was located on the third floor of the main building of the school, and in 1904, on September 19, with the permission of Protopresbyter Zhelobovsky and with the blessing of His Eminence Justin, Archbishop of Kherson and Odessa, it was moved to the lower floor. Accommodates 800 people. There are many artistic icons in the church.

Based on the decree of the Holy Synod, dated September 6, 1890, No. 3403, and in accordance with the order of the Main Headquarters of the Military Ministry, the church of the Elisavetgrad Cavalry School was transferred from the Kherson Diocesan Department to the supervision of the protopresbyter of the military and naval clergy.

According to the staff of the church, there is one priest and a psalm-reader.

Nikolaev Cavalry School

The building of the Nikolaevsky Cavalry School was located on Lermontovsky Avenue in St. Petersburg. The glorious “School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers” was founded in 1823. During its 94-year existence, it gave the Imperial Russian Army more than one hundred excellent cavalry officers. From 1832 to 1834 M.Yu. studied here. Lermontov.

In 1859, the school was renamed the Nikolaev Cavalry School of Guards Junkers, and in 1864 it was transformed into the Nikolaev Cavalry School with a contingent of cadets of 200 people and, in memory of its founder, Emperor Nicholas I, received the Sovereign's monogram on shoulder straps.

The general education classes of the Guards Junkers School were turned into a preparatory boarding school for young people entering the same school. The creation of the Nikolaev Cavalry School ensured the replenishment of cavalry units, while before that, officers entering the cavalry were recruited from individuals who graduated from infantry schools and did not receive any special education.

The school's curriculum was similar to that of infantry schools, but it also included special subjects: hippology and horse-sapper engineering. Every step of the cadet, both within the walls of the school and outside it, every little detail of everyday life was strictly regulated by customs and traditions, sometimes harsh, but necessary for a cavalry officer.

In terms of combat, the school consisted of a squadron and a Cossack hundred. The Cossack hundred, the so-called Tsar's, was established at the school in 1890 for cadets of the Don Cadet Corps. With regard to training and drills, rewards, penalties, and internal regulations, the hundred were guided by the rules of the school. In St. Petersburg, the hundred were housed in a three-story school building, where a riding arena and Cossack stables were built especially for them. The cadets of the Tsar's Hundred were known in St. Petersburg as a combat unit that was exceptional in its bravery and daring.

Together with the Cossack hundred, the staff of the Nikolaev Cavalry School at the beginning of 1914 numbered 335 cadets: 215 in the squadron and 120 in the hundred.

Nikolaev Engineering School. Sapper work.

Junkers wore scarlet shoulder straps, along the edges of which there was a silver braid.

After the outbreak of the First World War, the staff was expanded to 465 cadets, and the school switched to an accelerated eight-month course of training. The school did not have time to take part in the cadets' speech in Petrograd in October 1917. It was disbanded along with other military schools. Already by February 10, 1918, the 1st Soviet cavalry Petrograd command courses were opened in his building and at his expense.

Tver Cavalry School

The Tver Cavalry Junker School was opened in 1866. By 1908, the Tver Cavalry School was a three-year school; young people with a 6-year education were accepted here. In 1908, the school organized military school courses with a two-year course for graduates of cadet corps and secondary educational institutions.

The cadets were housed in half-squadron formations in large dormitories. Classroom sessions lasted from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. Drill classes included riding, regulations, gymnastics, vaulting, gun and checker techniques, and work in a forge. Every two weeks the cadets had to “pass rehearsals.”

On the day of the school holiday, after the prayer service and parade, a competition was held: figure riding, vaulting and cutting for senior cadets (they purchased their own horses). The Tverdys often went to parades in Moscow, staying at the Alekseevsky Military School. At the beginning of June, the squadron went to the camp in Moscow, to the Khodynskoye field. Their neighbor in the camp was the Alekseevsky Military School. There, instrumental shooting, on foot, on horseback, squadron exercises, shooting were carried out, and guards were posted at the standard and cash box.

In terms of combat, the school was a squadron with a staff of 150 cadets. The school holiday was celebrated on December 6.

The school's cadets had light blue shoulder straps, with black piping, trimmed with silver braid.

With the outbreak of World War I, the school switched to the practice of eight-month accelerated graduations.

After the disbandment of military schools in November 1917, the 1st Soviet Tver Cavalry Command Course was opened in the building of the school and at its expense.

Elisavetgrad Cavalry School

On September 25, 1865, the opening of the Elisavetgrad Cavalry Junker School took place in the Kherson province, consisting of one squadron of cadets of 90 people. The course was set for two years. The school was intended to recruit officers for cavalry units of the Kyiv, Odessa and Kharkov military districts.

In 1868, the school's staff was increased to 150 people. After 6 years, in 1874, the staff increased to 300 people. The cadets were divided into 2 squadrons: the first for the dragoon regiments, and the second for the Uhlan and Hussar regiments, 150 cadets in each squadron. In terms of combat, the school was a cavalry division. In 1876, a Cossack department for 35 people was established at the school, which was not part of the squadrons.

In 1880, the school built its own camp. Until this time, cadets were assigned to cavalry regiments for the summer. At the same time, a preparatory class was opened, and after 6 years the Cossack department was transferred to the Novocherkassk school. In 1888, the school occupied the premises of the abolished Military Gymnasium - three buildings that were located in the very center of Elisavetgrad, at the end of Palace Street.

In 1901, according to the new regulations, the cadet departments were transferred to a three-year course of study with a more extensive program. Those who completed a two-year course at the school before the reform were renamed estandard cadets by order of the district troops and were candidates for promotion to officers. Those who graduated in the first category were promoted to cornets on the recommendation of their immediate superiors in the last 4 months of the year of their graduation. In 1902, this educational institution was renamed the Elisavetgrad Cavalry School. After the reform, young people were graduated with the rank of cornet.

Junker of the Konstantinovsky Artillery School in the arena. 1906

Until 1903, cadets were listed on the lists of their units and wore regimental uniforms, with only a narrow cadet braid on their shoulder straps. In 1908, the school's cadets were granted Uhlan uniforms.

The shoulder straps of the students of the Elisavetgrad School were scarlet with black piping.

The school was disbanded in November 1917. Junkers from Elisavetgrad took an active part in the Civil War.