NON-DERIVATIVE AND DERIVATIVE PREPOSITIONS The work was completed by: Myachina Yana, grade 7B Teacher: Sokolova E.V.
Preposition This is an auxiliary part of speech that expresses the dependence of a noun (or a pronoun replacing it) on another noun (a fence around the house, talking with them), an adjective (weak due to illness) or a verb (as well as participles and gerunds - run across the field, running across the field without looking at his comrades) in a phrase and sentence.
Due to their syntactic independence, prepositions never act as members of a sentence. Prepositions, unlike independent parts of speech, do not name objects, signs, actions, or quantities; they do not change and are not members of a sentence.
Derivative and non-derivative prepositions The very name of the prepositions that will be discussed suggests their features: Non-derivative prepositions have no analogues in other parts of speech, they were formed as prepositions in, on, without, from, about, with, with, at, through and others. Derivative prepositions are formed by transitioning independent parts of speech into auxiliary ones
Non-derivative prepositions Non-derivative prepositions arose a very long time ago and have no analogues in other parts of speech; they were formed as prepositions: from, from, with, at, to, for, in, on, for, about, through, with, over, etc. etc. Most non-derivative prepositions are polysemantic and homonymous to prefixes: for go - behind the forest, in go - to the forest, from go - from the forest, with go - from the mountain, to go - to the table.
Non-derivative prepositions MANY NON-DERIVATIVE PREPOSITIONS CAN BE USED WITH DIFFERENT CASES. From school, to the sea, by car, At a friend's place, with mom, in a store, From home, near the buffet, Around the corner, until dawn I was looking for mushrooms under a tree. Did you recognize the prepositions here?
Derived prepositions Derivative prepositions are formed by the transition of independent parts of speech into functional ones. For example, the preposition around (to walk around the house) comes from the adverb around (it is clearly visible around), the preposition by (to convince by means of strong evidence) - from the noun by in the instrumental case (serves as a convenient way ), preposition in continuation (to sit for an hour) - from the combination of the noun continuation with the preposition in (to believe in the continuation of friendship), preposition thanks (we managed thanks to the help of a friend) - from the gerund thanks (left, thanks for the help provided).
Derived prepositions are divided into categories depending on the parts of speech from which they were formed: adverbial, denominal and verbal. Denominate Adverbial Verbals in view of, like, as a result of, like, about, in fact, to the extent, by virtue of, in relation to, for the purposes of, in part, with the exception of, along the line, to the extent, about, for the reason, in part, with hand, in connection with, along with, in contrast to. Inside, around, in front, on the contrary, on top, in the middle, on top, above, behind, after, in defiance of, contrary to, according to, accordingly, between, besides. thanks, including, excluding, after, ending, not counting, starting with, despite.
Denominative Denominative prepositions are formed from various case forms of nouns and express objective and some adverbial relations, for example: about work, about a statement, by means of a prefix, due to a collapse, on the occasion of a holiday, during a lesson, etc.
Adverbial Adverbs, formed from adverbs, mainly express spatial and temporal relationships: near, along, instead of, inside, near, around, contrary to, after, in front, except, on the contrary, about, on top, behind, against, behind, on top, over , through, among, etc.);
Verbal verbs are formed from verbal forms (gerunds) and express various adverbial relations: thanks to, excluding, despite, despite, after, etc.
Opposite words Independent parts of speech Derived prepositions Nouns and prepositions of nouns. To put money into the account; make mistakes in the investigation; bends in the river flow; be in prison; keep in mind; believe in strength. Talk about work; troubles due to negotiations; talk for an hour; say at the end of the lecture; be late due to bad weather; stay due to circumstances. Adverbs and prepositions formed from adverbs. Look around, look around, be close, walk along, live in the house opposite, be near, be in front, be inside. Turn around an axis, walk around a pond, be near an object, walk along a road, stand in front of a house, be near a patient, be in front of everyone, be indoors. Participles and prepositions formed from participles. Walk without looking around; stand up, thanking the teacher for the congratulations. Help despite troubles; win thanks to the attacker.
Derivative prepositions, as a rule, are used with one case: thanks to advice according to the rules in defiance of (what?) the forecast against the order towards the wind during the rain during a thunderstorm as (what?) movement due to bad weather due to circumstances
>>Russian language grade 7 >>Russian language: Derivative and non-derivative prepositions
Derivative prepositions
In the Russian language there are prepositions derived and non-derivative. But now we will get acquainted with derivative prepositions. We will get acquainted with the definition of derived prepositions and find out what prepositions they are.
What prepositions are called derivatives
Derived prepositions are prepositions formed from independent parts of speech when they lose their meaning and morphological characteristics.
Or we can also say about derivative prepositions that such prepositions were formed by the method of transition from independent parts of speech to auxiliary ones. With this transition of independent parts of speech into auxiliary parts, the former lose their lexical meaning and morphological features.
Also, it is very important to be able to distinguish between a derived preposition and the independent parts of speech homonymous to it.
Eg: In the first sentence, the word “thanks to” will be a gerund, but in the second it will act as a derivative preposition.
Misha, leaving home, thanked his grandmother for the delicious breakfast. Thanks to her good knowledge of the subject, Olya received a good grade in the exams.
Or take, for example, these sentences:
Due to snow drifts it was impossible to travel. During the investigation into the theft case, new evidence was discovered.
If we consider these sentences, then the first sentence contains an arbitrary preposition, and the second contains a noun.
Let's take a closer look at the question of how to distinguish a derivative preposition from another part of speech?
Firstly, it is impossible to pose a question to a preposition;
Secondly, the preposition does not have a role that it could fulfill on its own;
Thirdly, a distinctive feature of prepositions may be that a synonym can be chosen for it.
Derivative prepositions can be divided into the following three groups:
1. These are prepositions formed from nouns. They can be called denominative prepositions;
For example: Due to lack of time, I had to give up classes in the section. Mom wanted to talk about her son's progress.
2. Prepositions that are formed from adverbs. They are also called adverbial prepositions;
For example: A birch tree grew opposite the window. There was a fence around the house.
3. And prepositions formed from gerunds. They are also called verbal prepositions.
For example: Thanks to Taras, I now have an interesting book.
And although a derivative preposition tends to consist of several parts, in the end it always consists of one word.
Spelling of derived prepositions
Exercise 1.
Read the sentences carefully and determine where in these sentences the derived prepositions are and which are the other parts of speech:
Due to the upcoming departure, the meeting had to be postponed. Due to heavy rain, all paths were washed out. Due to illness, Vanya missed many lessons. The money was not transferred to the account. I came to talk about extra lessons. Instead of lessons, Denis went for a walk with friends. I will certainly do everything that is asked of me. The request should arrive within a week.
Exercise 2.
Look carefully at the offers. Instead of periods, what prepositions would you insert?
... I managed to learn a poem when I was in a bad mood.
... for forty-five minutes the teacher explained a new topic.
The asthma attack was relieved...with the help of doctors.
Finally I was able to talk...work.
Repetition of covered material
4. Remember the definition of which part of speech is called a preposition?
5. What types of prepositions have you already studied?
6. What prepositions are called non-derivative?
7. How are they different from derivatives?
8. Give examples of non-derivative prepositions?
9. Is a preposition a part of a sentence?
10. Is it possible to replace a preposition with a synonym?
Instructions
Compare the sentences: “We ran around the house,” “There were a lot of flowers around.” In the first, “around” is a derived preposition, in the second, “around” appears in the place clause. “He came to me, thanks” and “Thanks to him, mine has improved.” In the first sentence “thanks” is a gerund, in the second it is a preposition.
Parts speeches- these are groups of words with similar characteristics. In the Russian language, there are independent and auxiliary parts. Independent names or indicate objects, properties, quantity, action, state. These words received this name because they can be used in speeches without function words.
To independent parts speeches include noun, adjective, verb, numeral, pronoun, speeches e. A noun is an independent part speeches, which generally names the subject and answers the questions who? What? This group of words can denote an object (table, house), a person (boy, student), ( , ), a sign (depth, height), an abstract concept (conscience, altruism), an action (singing, dancing), an attitude (equality, exclusivity ). Nouns, animate or inanimate, proper or common, have gender, number and case. In a sentence they most often appear or. Adjective - independent part speeches, denoting a feature of an object and answering the questions “which?”, “which?”, “which?”, “which?”, “whose?”. A sign is usually understood as properties, quality, belonging, characterizing objects. According to their meaning, adjectives are divided into qualitative, relative and possessive. Adjectives depend on nouns and agree with them, that is, they are placed in the same case, number and gender. Adjectives can have a full and short form (green, green). In a sentence these parts speeches there are usually agreed upon definitions. Short adjectives are used only as predicates. The verb is an independent part speeches, which denotes the state or action of an object and answers the questions what to do? what to do? (to be, to look). Verbs are imperfect and perfect, transitive and intransitive. This part speeches changes according to inclination. The initial (indefinite) form of a verb is called the infinitive. It has no time, number, person or gender (to do, to walk). The verbs in the sentence are . A participle is a special form of a verb that denotes an attribute of an object by action. It answers the questions “which?”, “which?”, “which?” (flying, drawn). A gerund is a special unchangeable form of a verb that denotes a sign, but acts as a sign of another action. It answers the questions “doing what?”, “having done what?” (crying, playing, missing). The numeral is an independent part speeches, which denotes the number, number of objects, as well as their order when counting. According to their meaning, they are divided into quantitative (answer the question “how much?”) and ordinal (answer the questions “which?”, “which ones?”). The numerals change (fifth, fifth, fifth). In a sentence, numerals are subject, predicate, adverbial tense, and attribute. Pronoun is an independent part speeches, indicating objects, signs, but not naming them (I, mine, this). In a sentence they are used as a subject, an object, a definition, and less often - a circumstance, a predicate. According to their meaning, pronouns are divided into personal (I, you, he, they), reflexive (themselves), interrogative (who, which), relative (who, what, which), indefinite (something, some), negative (no one, how many). then), possessive (my, our, yours), demonstrative (that, such, so much), (any, other). On speeches e - independent part speeches, which denotes a sign of an object, a sign of an action, a sign of another sign. It answers the questions “how?”, “where?”, “where?”, “when?”, “why?”, “for what?” (good, carefully, beautiful, tomorrow, very). On speeches e is not inflected, does not conjugate, and is most often an adverbial adverbial clause in a sentence.
Video on the topic
Sources:
- Independent parts of speech
- which part of speech answers the question where
Almost always, after trying a fragrance, you will unmistakably guess which gender it was created for. Subtle connoisseurs of perfumery will recognize individual notes to the composition of eau de toilette, unique only to products for men or women.
Instructions
Modern eau de toilette, the era of which began in the first half of the 20th century, consists of several groups of notes that gradually reveal themselves in the aroma. The basis for women's fragrances are floral, berry and fruity scents - this is the idea of the fair sex, tender and juicy, like gifts of nature. And the solidity and reliability are emphasized by woody and herbaceous notes.
Some essential oils are not used at all in women's compositions: lavender and sage give the composition a tobacco shade, which is not suitable for delicate ladies. The individual character of fragrances on the skin of a particular person is achieved through the use of certain notes. In waters for these purposes, musk is usually used, in men's waters - amber. Without musk or amber, the aroma would not be intertwined with the natural smell of a person, but would “sound” separately.
As a rule, women are less consistent in their perfume preferences. If a man can use the same scent for years, the fair sex tends to experiment and study. Ladies will not refuse to have 3-4 bottles at their disposal for different occasions: light fruity for a business morning, for a feminine look, bohemian spicy oriental, fresh citrus for active recreation.
Finally, perfumes can also be distinguished by the design of the bottle. Packaging for women's fragrances tends to be fancier. To attract the attention of the fair sex, manufacturers use different colors, unusual shapes and materials. Men, for the most part, are more conservative, so eau de toilette for them is packaged in bottles of strict geometric shapes, without frills or decorations.
Students of foreign languages are faced with the problem of staging such functional parts of speech as. This also applies to the English language. However, this problem can be solved quite simply, namely, familiarize yourself with the rules and complete a number of practical tasks.
Pay attention also to prepositions of direction in the language. The most common one is "to". It can have the meaning “to”, “on”, “in”. "I'm going to Paris this week." "I'm going to Paris this week." "From" is translated into Russian as "from" and "from". "I have come from Moscow". "I came from Moscow." "Out of" means "from". "I'm taking out a pencil out of my bag." “I take a pencil out of my bag.” Another important preposition is “at”. It has the following Russian equivalents: “u”, “na”, “about”. "They have been at Smiths recently." “The Smith family recently visited them.”
The numbers next to the letter designation indicate the octane number; the larger they are, the more stable the gasoline molecules and the less detonation. The octane number may be preceded by one letter (A) or two (AI). “A” indicates that the fuel is intended for automobiles, “I” indicates that the octane value was determined by research. High octane fuel is always more expensive. It is worth immediately noting that in everyday life you can independently determine the brand of fuel, i.e. its octane number is impossible - laboratory tests are needed. However, understanding the application and advantages of both brands is quite possible.
Gasoline AI-92
It is considered to belong to the Regular motor gasoline category. It is a high-octane fuel used in high-compression automobile engines. Gasoline is resistant to detonation and ensures smooth engine operation. However, in European countries it is considered an “endangered” fuel, mainly due to the toxicity of exhaust gases. AI-92 is widely used in Russia. This gasoline can be leaded or unleaded (according to the amount of lead).
Gasoline AI-95
Belongs to the Premium motor gasoline category. It is considered a fuel of improved quality. In its production, gas gasoline and various additives are used to reduce detonation. This type of fuel contains minimal lead content, which is a definite plus in environmental terms. There is also a subclass of 95 gasoline - “Extra” fuel, characterized by the complete absence of lead. In terms of anti-knock qualities, AI-95 is almost similar to its “colleague”, 93 gasoline.
Comparison of fuel brands
If we compare theoretically, then 95 gasoline is of better quality than 92 gasoline, at least the toxicity of exhaust gases is much less. However, in practice the situation is somewhat different; especially if it is connected with Russian gas stations. The main difference between 95 and 92 is the presence of a larger number of additives, in particular, various esters, which promote faster combustion of fuel, which gives small savings in gasoline consumption. But in reality, this saving is more than eaten up by the higher cost.
Moreover, as practice shows, it happens that at Russian gas stations the 92nd turns out to be better than the 95th. In fact, the difference between these two types of fuel today is minimal and depends on the integrity of the manufacturer and seller. Therefore, there is only one way out - refuel at a proven gas station.
In order to find the derivative of a function, take an arbitrary function - the dependence of the “y” on the “x”. In the expression of this function, replace its argument with the increment of the argument and divide the resulting expression by the increment itself. You will get a fraction. Next, you need to perform a limit operation. To do this, you need to direct the increment of the argument to zero and observe where your fraction will tend to in this case. That final, as a rule, value will be the derivative of the function. Please note that in the expression for the derivative of the function there will no longer be any increments, because you have directed them to zero, so only the variable and (or) constant will remain.
So, the derivative is the ratio of the increment of a function to the increment of the argument. What is the meaning of such a magnitude? If you, for example, find the derivative of a linear function, you will see that it is constant. Moreover, this constant in the expression of the function itself is simply multiplied by the argument. Next, if you plot this function for different values of the derivative, simply changing it over and over again, you will notice that at higher values the slope of the line becomes greater, and vice versa. If you are not dealing with a linear function, then the value of the derivative at a given point is about the slope of the tangent drawn at a given point of the function. Thus, the value of the derivative of a function indicates the growth rate of the function at a given point.
Physical meaning of the derivative
Now, to understand the physical meaning of the derivative, it is enough to simply replace your abstract function with any physically based one. For example, suppose you have a dependence of the path of movement of a body on time. Then the derivative of such a function will tell you about the speed of movement of the body. If you get a constant value, then we can say that the body moves uniformly, that is, at a constant speed. If you get an expression for the derivative that linearly depends on time, then it will become clear that the movement is uniformly accelerated, because the second derivative, that is, the derivative of this derivative, will be constant, which actually means the constancy of the velocity of the body, and this is its acceleration. You can pick up any other physical function and see that its derivative will give you some physical meaning.Target: familiarity with the difference between derived prepositions and non-derivative ones; ways of forming derivative prepositions.
Tasks:
1. Give the concept of derivative and non-derivative prepositions, their similarities and differences.
2. Strengthen the spelling of complex prepositions.
3. Improve the speech competence of students.
Methodical techniques: linguistic analysis, teacher explanation, work to prevent speech errors, exercises.During the classes
I. Linguistic warm-up
Task: Correct speech errors. Warn against danger, confidence in victory, worry about your younger brother, pay attention to the spelling characteristic of verbs.(Warn against danger, confidence in victory, worry about your younger brother, pay attention to spelling, characteristic of verbs).
II. Checking homework
1. A coherent monologue answer on the topic “Preposition as an auxiliary part of speech” (1 student talks, the rest give examples and review his answer).
2. Checking the tables compiled by students and summarizing the material on this topic using the table.
“Preposition as a functional part of speech”:
1. A preposition is a small word, a necessary part of our speech.
2. Does not change.
3. Not used separately from independent words in speech.
4. Expresses the dependence of a noun, numeral and pronoun on other words in a phrase and sentence.
5. Expresses various relationships between independent words.
6. Has a meaning that appears only in combination with independent words.
7. Forms two-way syntactic connections between the main and dependent words.
8. Included in the members of a sentence together with the case form of the name and clarifies the meaning of the case.
III. The concept of derivative and non-derivative prepositions
1. The teacher's word.
The very name of the prepositions that will be discussed suggests their characteristics. Non-derivative prepositions have no analogues in other parts of speech, they were formed as prepositions in, on, without, from, about, with, with, at, through and others. They are used with different cases and have many meanings. Derivative prepositions are formed by transitioning independent parts of speech into auxiliary ones, they are usually used with one case, and have one or more meanings: for example, the preposition in continuation(hour, year) is formed from a noun with a preposition (to believe in continued cooperation); pretext despite formed from the gerund (the chess player plays without looking at the boards) and so on.
2. Independent study of the theoretical material of the textbook (§ 50, p. 136).
What new have you learned about prepositions? - What prepositions are called non-derivative? Derivatives? - How are derivative prepositions formed?3. Teacher summary using table:
IV. Doing exercises
1. Exercise 296: commented letter.
2. Work independently.
Guys, everyone has a card on their desk. Assignment: Write out phrases with derived prepositions from the sentences, then nouns with prepositions. Prove your point. Coal was loaded for three days (Obruchev). There was nothing interesting in the continuation of the novel. The polar explorers were no longer interested in continuing the expedition. The restless behavior of the dogs during the night made us believe that some animals might meet (Obruchev). The river overflowed, and there were changes in its flow.
3 Analysis of phrases with derived prepositions.
Exercise. From the sentences written on the board, write down phrases with derived prepositions, putting the verbs in the initial form; make the necessary graphic notations, determine the meaning of derived prepositions and the case of nouns. Tell us from which independent parts of speech these prepositions were formed. (At the same time, difficult spellings are explained and attention is drawn to the spelling of derived prepositions).
1. Due to the large difference in temperature and atmospheric pressure, constant winds blow from the mainland over the interior regions of Antarctica.
2. Due to the upward movement of air, low pressure is formed at the surface of the Earth near the equator.
3. Knowledge about the Earth, its nature, and population has accumulated over many millennia.
4. As the Earth rotates on its axis, the moving air gradually deviates to the east and does not reach the poles.
Sample entry
Conclusion: Derivative prepositions, just like non-derivative ones, express the dependence of some independent words on others, establishing certain relationships between them. Unlike non-derivative prepositions, which are characterized by polysemy, derivatives are unambiguous and are used with any one case. This is due to the fact that derived prepositions retain traces of the meanings of those independent parts of speech from which they were formed: nouns, adverbs, participles. - Give examples in which the words “during”, “as a result” would be independent parts of speech.4. Exercise 297 (oral); phonetic, morphological and syntactic analysis - on the board (3 students perform analysis at the board, the rest of the students are divided into 3 options, work independently, then a check is carried out). Conclusion: The derived prepositions given in the exercise are formed from adverbs.V. Summing up
(Is carried out using signal cards: P – derived preposition, N – non-derivative preposition). Appear from the ground.Stand in front of the house.Win through willpower.Be late due to transport delays.Sail away from the shore.Quarreling over a trifle.
VI. Reflection
The tree of knowledge has leaves of three colors: red, yellow, green.
Reds – there is still a lot that is unclear to me on this topic.
Yellow – I didn’t understand some questions in this topic.
Greens – I understood this topic very well.
VII. Homework assignment
Lesson objectives:
- Educational: introduce students to derived and non-derivative prepositions; learn to distinguish between derivative and non-derivative prepositions, and use them correctly in oral and written speech.
- Developmental: development of memory, positive emotions, logical thinking, the ability to compare and choose the right one, evaluate the results achieved.
- Educational: to cultivate interest in the Russian language.
Lesson equipment: cards with tasks for students, presentation
During the classes
1. Mobilizing stage. Greeting, writing the number in a notebook
2. Repetition
Teacher. We begin our lesson by reviewing what we have learned about prepositions. Annex 1
Read the groups of phrases and determine the relationships expressed by prepositions.
Drive past the house, run along the river (spatial, place); miss your mother, think about a friend (objective); return in the evening, meet after school (temporary); due to bad weather, did not come due to illness (causal); bought for treatment, come with a check (target).
Teacher: Now let’s remember the correct use of prepositional and non-prepositional combinations.
How to say correctly: Comrades! Pay your fare. or Pay the fare. (pay (what?) for travel; pay (for what?) for travel)
What prepositions B or NA can these words be combined with:
- BE PARTICIPATING START (participate in the start, be at the start);
- PRESENT, PARTICIPATE IN A RALLY (participate in a rally, attend a rally);
- DISCUSS, PARTICIPATE IN THE MEETING (participate in the meeting, discuss at the meeting);
- BE INTERESTED, SHOW INTEREST MATHEMATICS (be interested in mathematics, show interest in mathematics);
- TELL, TOUCH THE PROJECT (tell about the project, touch on the project);
- LOVE DEVOTION TO THE MOTHERLAND (love for the Motherland, devotion to the Motherland);
- REVIEW REVIEW BOOK (review of a book, review of a book).
Teacher: answer the questions:
- What is a preposition?
- How are prepositions written with other words?
- What are the meanings of prepositions? What does this depend on?
- With what case are the prepositions used: AT END, UPON ARRIVAL?
- With what case are the prepositions used: THANKING, ACCORDING TO, CONTRARY, etc.?
3. The teacher writes the topic of the lesson on the board. (slide) Students formulate the purpose of the lesson
Teacher. Considering the topic of the lesson, set a goal for the lesson.
Target:
- get acquainted with...
- learn to distinguish...,
- use correctly...
The purpose of the lesson: get acquainted with derivative and non-derivative prepositions; learn to distinguish between derivative and non-derivative prepositions, use them correctly in oral and written speech
4. Studying new material. Practical work on the text. Appendix 2
What are the origins of prepositions?
Make a reference diagram (table) for the material.
Tell us about the features of derived prepositions.
Practical work with the text: read the text, talk about the features of non-derivative and derived prepositions.
By origin, prepositions are non-derivative and derivative.
Non-derivatives prepositions were not formed from any other words(parts) of speech and since ancient times used only as prepositions. Most non-derivative prepositions are homonyms with respect to prefixes. For example: at the house - to come.
Derivative prepositions are formed from different significant parts of speech. On this basis, adverbial, denominal and verbal prepositions are distinguished among them.
Adverbial prepositions are formed from adverbs, are most widespread and form word combinations with adverbial and object relations. For example: stopped near the house (place), rested after work (time).
Denominate prepositions are formed from nouns. With their help, word combinations are formed that express various adverbial and objective relationships. For example: did not come due to collapse (reason), was formed through decay (mode of action), worked throughout life (time), responded to the statement (object).
Verbal prepositions are derived from gerunds and are used in phrases expressing causal, concessional and temporary relationships. For example: achieved, despite difficulties (concession), thanks to worries (reason), remembered a week later (time). ( From the book “Russian Language” by A.V. Dudnikov, A.I. Arbuzov)
4. Consolidation of the lesson learned on the topic
1) Selective dictation: Write down phrases with non-derivative prepositions (1 var) and derived prepositions (2 vars).
Crosses the street, delayed due to repairs, signs on an envelope, deviates from the topic, divide by five, house near the river, run ahead of everyone, arrive a week later, talk about vacation, think about the meaning, add to two, walks in a column, read in during the day, runs away from the mountain, pays according to the agreement, gets tired from unaccustomment, weakness due to illness.
Examination:
| Transitions through street, | delay in view of repairs |
| signs on envelope, | house close rivers |
| retreats from Topics, | run ahead everyone |
| divide on five, | come later a week |
| think about it V meaning, | talk about vacations |
| will add To two, | read during day |
| walks V column, | to pay off according to agreement |
| runs away With mountains, | weakness due to illness |
| gets tired With unaccustomed habits. |
2) Creative task: Match these non-derivative prepositions with synonymous derivatives.
Because of bad weather (as a result), after graduation (at graduation), about the timing (about), for self-defense (for purposes), for an absent person (instead), through negotiations (by), across (across) the road, at (near ) fire.
5. Problematic question: How to distinguish derived prepositions from homonymous parts of speech?
The guys walked (where?) ahead The guys walked ahead (ahead of what?) of the squad. (in front of the squad)
The rule is a helper!
The preposition will be included in the case question. A derived preposition can be replaced by a non-derivative or another derived preposition.
3) Explanatory dictation: indicate derived prepositions and parts of speech homonymous to them.
I know this forest inside and out. “The path ran along the cliff, meandering in the shade of the trees.
A small log lay across the river.
A forest was visible nearby. “There was a river flowing near the village.
Go ahead. - The ship runs merrily past Buyan Island.
Petya hoped to meet with his comrades. - The comrades walked towards each other.
4) Run the test
1. The word OVER is:
A) pretext;
B) prefix;
C) can be a preposition and a prefix.
2. Find a phrase with a preposition that has a causal meaning:
A) visible from behind the mountain;
B) be late due to rain;
C) is clear from the story;
D) about his actions.
3. Find a preposition formed from a gerund:
A) thanks;
B) according to;
B) contrary to;
D) like.
4. Find phrases with derived prepositions:
A) live at the station;
B) thanks to heavy rains;
B) grows along the fence;
D) go ahead of the squad.
5. Indicate sentences in which the highlighted words are prepositions:
A) The herd reached out by Houses.
B) Don't pass by .
IN) Across the roads were laid with logs.
G) Ahead the most persistent ones went.
6. Indicate the group of non-derivative prepositions:
A) thanks, before, for, before, around;
B) according to, through, towards, to, at, by;
B) through, with, without, for, over;
D) s, y, about, along, at.
5) Design workshop: Insert prepositions that make sense.
1. The older sister studies at the university at the Faculty of Economics.
2. I miss my father, mother, sister.
3. Everything must be done ACCORDING to the instructions.
4. The hike took place THANKS to good weather.
5. The boy stayed in class DESPITE his friend’s request.
6. The shoots were friendly, DESPITE the drought.
For strong students, editorial correction for exercise 343 page 141 of the textbook.
11. Lesson summary, reflection
12. Homework: Paragraph 54, page 139. (entries in the directory) Ex. No. 337.