Yulia Amrakhova
Abstract of GCD "Solar System"
Program content:
a) educational:
repeat knowledge about the constituent parts of outer space;
b) developing:
develop curiosity, fantasy, imagination; fine motor skills of hands;
c) raising:
cultivate interest in the desire to learn more about space and the universe.
Vocabulary work:
Universe, space, comet, galaxy.
Materials:
illustrations, background from sheets of black cardboard, cardboard models of planets, oilcloth, glue, napkins of different colors,.
Preliminary work:
Conversation about space;
Reading stories and poems about space;
Riddles about space;
Introduction to the encyclopedia for the curious “All about Space”;
Memorizing poems;
Learning songs in music class;
Exhibition of crafts and drawings on the theme “Space”.
Progress of the lesson:
The teacher asks riddles.
Good, good, for everyone
looks, but does not command himself. (Sun)
You warm the whole world
You don't know fatigue
Smiling at the window
And everyone is calling you.
Right, sun? What is it like? (round, warm, hot).
Where is the Sun? (in space, in the sky).
Now guess another riddle:
"Black carpet
Strewn with peas. " (stars.)
When can we see the stars?
Where are they located?
Why do you think they seem small?
What else is there in space? (meteorites, meteors, comets.)
What do we call the Sun and all the planets that revolve around it? (Solar system).
The SUN is the brightest and largest star, the center of the solar system. Nine planets revolve around the sun and receive light and heat from it. They are located in the following order from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.
Self-massage with massage balls
Let's each take a small ball and roll it in our hands.
The sun is rolling across the sky
Like a yellow ball.
Everyone, everyone, everyone is happy about the sun,
Only the icicle cries.
Guys, let's remember what planets are in the solar system. (showing images of planets)
There lived an astrologer on the moon.
He kept records of the planets:
One - Mercury,
Two - Venus,
Three - Earth,
Four - Mars
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn,
Seven - Uranus,
Educator: Are the planets the same or different? What is the difference? How are they similar?
Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun,
It is flooded with rays of hot light
He gets so many rays
That this other planet is hot.
Educator: Mercury is smaller than our planet, its surface is rocky, there is no atmosphere here. Do you think there is life on this planet? (Children's answers)
Educator:
In honor of the goddess of beauty
You are named Venus,
You're flying in the clouds
You illuminate with beauty.
Venus has no air or water and can be seen in the night sky. Is there life on this planet? (Children's answers) Why? The heat here is sizzling. It's so hot there that you can bake a pie in a few seconds without an oven. Venus is the brightest planet in the sky.
Educator:
There is one planet - a garden
In this cold space
Only here the forests are noisy,
Calling migratory birds.
It's the only one they bloom on
Lilies of the valley in the green grass,
And dragonflies are only here
They look into the river in surprise...
Can you guess what planet this is? This planet has water, land, an atmosphere, animals and birds live on it, trees grow, flowers bloom, people live. The Earth has its own satellite - the Moon.
The Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth. The second brightest object in the earth's sky after the Sun. There is no atmosphere, so people cannot breathe on the Moon. The word "moon" means "bright". In ancient times, people considered the Moon a goddess - the patroness of the night.
Educator:
I am Mars.
They're circling over the red planet
Kamenyuki, Fear and horror
There is no mountain anywhere in the world
Higher than here on the planet.
There is no life on Mars.
Educator:
Jupiter is larger than all the planets
But there is no life on the planet.
Liquid hydrogen everywhere
And bitter cold all year round.
It is the largest planet in the solar system. It is so big that all the other planets could fit inside it. Jupiter is a giant ball consisting of liquid and gas.
Educator:
You will certainly recognize Saturn by sight,
A large ring surrounds it.
Once upon a time the water froze there,
And Saturn's rings of snow and ice.
Guys, do you think someone could exist on these two planets? (Children's answers). Why? (It's very cold here) Saturn is a large ball made of liquid and gas. The planet is known for its magnificent rings. Each of Saturn's rings is made up of gases, ice particles, rocks and sand.
Educator:
I'm already, what century
Among the Roman brothers is a Greek,
And through space melancholy
I rush, lying on my side.
This is the planet Uranus. The only planet in the solar system that revolves around the sun, as if lying on its side. It is called the "lying planet". The temperature on the surface of Uranus, a gas giant planet, is very low and ranges from -208 to -212 degrees Celsius.
Children, is there life on this planet? (Children's answers)
And why? (Children's answers)
Educator:
I am Neptune.
On the planet blue-blue
The wind is blowing very strong
The year on it is very long -
Winter lasts 40 years.
The strongest winds in the solar system blow on the surface of the planet, reaching speeds of over 2000 km/h, which is 2 times faster than the speed of a jet airliner.
Educator:
I am Pluto.
It takes 5 hours for the light to
Fly to this planet
And that's why I
Not visible through telescopes.
We know very little about Pluto, since no automatic probes have been sent to it.
Educator: No one lives on these planets farthest from the sun either, they are lifeless.
And now we will go on a journey on a rocket.
Physical exercise “Rocket”
And now we are with you, children,
We're flying away on a rocket.
Get up on your toes,
And then hands down.
One, two (stand on toes, arms up, palms forming a “rocket dome”)
Three, four – (main stance)
Here's a rocket flying up.
Let's see what else is in space besides planets. (Show illustration)
There are also asteroids and comets in the solar system.
An asteroid is a small planet-like celestial body moving in orbit around the Sun.
A comet is a small celestial body that has a hazy appearance. It consists of rocks, ice and dust. When a comet approaches the Sun, it develops a glowing tail.
Who can tell me the name of the first cosmonaut?
Children's answers.
An astronaut must lead a healthy lifestyle and exercise in the morning. Today we will find out whether we are ready to become astronauts.
“Get ready to exercise!”
Hands to the sides shoulder-width apart. The right hand makes circles in the air. The left hand makes exactly the same circles, but in the opposite direction.
The right hand moves up. The left hand makes circles.
The right hand makes triangles in the air. Left hand - circles.
The right hand makes circles. Left hand triangles. The leg draws a square on the floor.
Attention! Take your seats. Buckle up, let's count down 5-4-3-2-1-start! Close your eyes, now we are flying at great speed, your arms, legs, and head are very heavy. Tense yourself, feel this heaviness. But now we have escaped from the gravity of the earth, open your eyes, we are in a state of weightlessness - let's experience this state.
We're floating in zero gravity
We're right at the ceiling
(Standing on one leg, maintain balance, helping with your hands).
Educator: Now I see that you have become strong and agile and are ready to model our solar system.
The teacher invites the children to divide into teams, distributes circles of cardboard to the teams, and the children use napkins to cover the cardboard, giving them the appearance of planets.
Each planet is then placed on the background, arranging the planets in a specific order.
Lesson Analysis:
Look what a great job it turned out to be. What did you depict?
Planets, comets, stars...
Lesson summary:
Did you enjoy your trip to outer space? What interesting things did you learn? What did you like most? This is the end of the lesson, well done.
When creating the summary, the following Internet resources were used:
http://csdbf7.narod.ru/index.files/page0009.htm
http://www.ivalex.vistcom.ru/zanatia151.htm
http://doshvozrast.ru/konspekt/komplex26.htm
The solar system is a group of planets revolving in specific orbits around a bright star - the Sun. This star is the main source of heat and light in the solar system.
It is believed that our planetary system was formed as a result of the explosion of one or more stars and this happened about 4.5 billion years ago. At first, the solar system was an accumulation of gas and dust particles, however, over time and under the influence of its own mass, the Sun and other planets arose.
Planets of the Solar System
At the center of the solar system is the Sun, around which eight planets move in their orbits: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
Until 2006, Pluto also belonged to this group of planets; it was considered the 9th planet from the Sun, however, due to its significant distance from the Sun and small size, it was excluded from this list and called a dwarf planet. More precisely, it is one of several dwarf planets in the Kuiper belt.
All of the above planets are usually divided into two large groups: the terrestrial group and the gas giants.
The terrestrial group includes such planets as: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. They are distinguished by their small size and rocky surface, and in addition, they are located closest to the Sun.
Gas giants include: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are characterized by large sizes and the presence of rings, which are ice dust and rocky pieces. These planets consist mainly of gas.
Sun
The Sun is the star around which all the planets and satellites in the solar system revolve. It consists of hydrogen and helium. The age of the Sun is 4.5 billion years, it is only in the middle of its life cycle, gradually increasing in size. Now the diameter of the Sun is 1,391,400 km. In just the same number of years, this star will expand and reach the orbit of the Earth.
The sun is the source of heat and light for our planet. Its activity increases or becomes weaker every 11 years.
Due to the extremely high temperatures on its surface, a detailed study of the Sun is extremely difficult, but attempts to launch a special device as close to the star as possible continue.
Terrestrial group of planets
Mercury
This planet is one of the smallest in the solar system, its diameter is 4,879 km. In addition, it is closest to the Sun. This proximity predetermined a significant temperature difference. The average temperature on Mercury during the day is +350 degrees Celsius, and at night - -170 degrees.
If we take the Earth year as a guide, Mercury makes a full revolution around the Sun in 88 days, and one day there lasts 59 Earth days. It was noticed that this planet can periodically change the speed of its rotation around the Sun, its distance from it and its position.
There is no atmosphere on Mercury; therefore, it is often attacked by asteroids and leaves behind a lot of craters on its surface. Sodium, helium, argon, hydrogen, and oxygen were discovered on this planet.
A detailed study of Mercury is very difficult due to its close proximity to the Sun. Sometimes Mercury can be seen from Earth with the naked eye.
According to one theory, it is believed that Mercury was previously a satellite of Venus, however, this assumption has not yet been proven. Mercury does not have its own satellite.
Venus
This planet is the second from the Sun. In size it is close to the diameter of the Earth, the diameter is 12,104 km. In all other respects, Venus differs significantly from our planet. A day here lasts 243 Earth days, and a year lasts 255 days. The atmosphere of Venus is 95% carbon dioxide, which creates a greenhouse effect on its surface. This results in an average temperature on the planet of 475 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere also contains 5% nitrogen and 0.1% oxygen.
Unlike the Earth, most of whose surface is covered with water, there is no liquid on Venus, and almost the entire surface is occupied by solidified basaltic lava. According to one theory, there used to be oceans on this planet, however, as a result of internal heating, they evaporated, and the vapors were carried away by the solar wind into outer space. Near the surface of Venus, weak winds blow, however, at an altitude of 50 km their speed increases significantly and amounts to 300 meters per second.
Venus has many craters and hills that resemble the earth's continents. The formation of craters is associated with the fact that the planet previously had a less dense atmosphere.
A distinctive feature of Venus is that, unlike other planets, its movement occurs not from west to east, but from east to west. It can be seen from Earth even without the help of a telescope after sunset or before sunrise. This is due to the ability of its atmosphere to reflect light well.
Venus has no satellite.
Earth
Our planet is located at a distance of 150 million km from the Sun, and this allows us to create on its surface a temperature suitable for the existence of liquid water, and, therefore, for the emergence of life.
Its surface is 70% covered with water, and it is the only planet to contain such an amount of liquid. It is believed that many thousands of years ago, steam contained in the atmosphere created the temperature on the Earth's surface necessary for the formation of water in liquid form, and solar radiation contributed to photosynthesis and the birth of life on the planet.
The peculiarity of our planet is that under the earth’s crust there are huge tectonic plates, which, moving, collide with each other and lead to changes in the landscape.
The diameter of the Earth is 12,742 km. An earthly day lasts 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds, and a year lasts 365 days 6 hours 9 minutes 10 seconds. Its atmosphere is 77% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and a small percentage of other gases. None of the atmospheres of other planets in the solar system has such an amount of oxygen.
According to scientific research, the age of the Earth is 4.5 billion years, approximately the same age that its only satellite, the Moon, has existed. It is always turned to our planet with only one side. There are many craters, mountains and plains on the surface of the Moon. It reflects sunlight very weakly, so it is visible from Earth in the pale moonlight.
Mars
This planet is the fourth from the Sun and is 1.5 times more distant from it than the Earth. The diameter of Mars is smaller than Earth's and is 6,779 km. The average air temperature on the planet ranges from -155 degrees to +20 degrees at the equator. The magnetic field on Mars is much weaker than that of Earth, and the atmosphere is quite thin, which allows solar radiation to unimpededly affect the surface. In this regard, if there is life on Mars, it is not on the surface.
When surveyed with the help of Mars rovers, it was found that there are many mountains on Mars, as well as dried river beds and glaciers. The surface of the planet is covered with red sand. It is iron oxide that gives Mars its color.
One of the most frequent events on the planet are dust storms, which are voluminous and destructive. It was not possible to detect geological activity on Mars, however, it is reliably known that significant geological events previously occurred on the planet.
The atmosphere of Mars consists of 96% carbon dioxide, 2.7% nitrogen and 1.6% argon. Oxygen and water vapor are present in minimal quantities.
A day on Mars is similar in length to those on Earth and is 24 hours 37 minutes 23 seconds. A year on the planet lasts twice as long as on Earth - 687 days.
The planet has two satellites Phobos and Deimos. They are small in size and uneven in shape, reminiscent of asteroids.
Sometimes Mars is also visible from Earth with the naked eye.
Gas giants
Jupiter
This planet is the largest in the solar system and has a diameter of 139,822 km, which is 19 times larger than Earth. A day on Jupiter lasts 10 hours, and a year is approximately 12 Earth years. Jupiter is mainly composed of xenon, argon and krypton. If it were 60 times larger, it could become a star due to a spontaneous thermonuclear reaction.
The average temperature on the planet is -150 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere consists of hydrogen and helium. There is no oxygen or water on its surface. There is an assumption that there is ice in the atmosphere of Jupiter.
Jupiter has a huge number of satellites - 67. The largest of them are Io, Ganymede, Callisto and Europa. Ganymede is one of the largest moons in the Solar System. Its diameter is 2634 km, which is approximately the size of Mercury. In addition, a thick layer of ice can be seen on its surface, under which there may be water. Callisto is considered the most ancient of the satellites, since it is its surface that has the largest number of craters.
Saturn
This planet is the second largest in the solar system. Its diameter is 116,464 km. It is most similar in composition to the Sun. A year on this planet lasts quite a long time, almost 30 Earth years, and a day lasts 10.5 hours. The average surface temperature is -180 degrees.
Its atmosphere consists mainly of hydrogen and a small amount of helium. Thunderstorms and auroras often occur in its upper layers.
Saturn is unique in that it has 65 moons and several rings. The rings are made up of small particles of ice and rock formations. Ice dust perfectly reflects light, so Saturn's rings are very clearly visible through a telescope. However, it is not the only planet with a diadem; it is just less noticeable on other planets.
Uranus
Uranus is the third largest planet in the solar system and the seventh from the Sun. It has a diameter of 50,724 km. It is also called the “ice planet”, as the temperature on its surface is -224 degrees. A day on Uranus lasts 17 hours, and a year lasts 84 Earth years. Moreover, summer lasts as long as winter - 42 years. This natural phenomenon is due to the fact that the axis of that planet is located at an angle of 90 degrees to the orbit and it turns out that Uranus seems to be “lying on its side.”
Uranus has 27 moons. The most famous of them are: Oberon, Titania, Ariel, Miranda, Umbriel.
Neptune
Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. It is similar in composition and size to its neighbor Uranus. The diameter of this planet is 49,244 km. A day on Neptune lasts 16 hours, and a year is equal to 164 Earth years. Neptune is an ice giant and for a long time it was believed that no weather phenomena occur on its icy surface. However, it was recently discovered that Neptune has raging vortices and wind speeds that are the highest among the planets in the solar system. It reaches 700 km/h.
Neptune has 14 moons, the most famous of which is Triton. It is known to have its own atmosphere.
Neptune also has rings. This planet has 6 of them.
Interesting facts about the planets of the solar system
Compared to Jupiter, Mercury seems like a dot in the sky. These are the actual proportions in the solar system:
Venus is often called the Morning and Evening Star, since it is the first of the stars visible in the sky at sunset and the last to disappear from visibility at dawn.
An interesting fact about Mars is the fact that methane was found on it. Due to the thin atmosphere, it constantly evaporates, which means that the planet has a constant source of this gas. Such a source could be living organisms inside the planet.
There are no seasons on Jupiter. The biggest mystery is the so-called “Great Red Spot”. Its origin on the surface of the planet has not yet been fully elucidated. Scientists suggest that it was formed by a huge hurricane, which has been rotating at very high speed for several centuries.
An interesting fact is that Uranus, like many planets in the solar system, has its own ring system. Due to the fact that the particles that make up them do not reflect light well, the rings could not be detected immediately after the discovery of the planet.
Neptune has a rich blue color, so it was named after the ancient Roman god - the master of the seas. Due to its distant location, this planet was one of the last to be discovered. At the same time, its location was calculated mathematically, and after time it was able to be seen, and precisely in the calculated place.
Light from the Sun reaches the surface of our planet in 8 minutes.
The solar system, despite its long and careful study, still conceals many mysteries and secrets that have yet to be revealed. One of the most fascinating hypotheses is the assumption of the presence of life on other planets, the search for which is actively continuing.
Samsonova Natalya Viktorovna – Teacher of the MKDOU “Kindergarten No. 16 of a combined type” Efremov, Tula region
Date of submission of work to the competition: 02/14/2017.
ABSTRACT
continuous educational activities in the educational field “Cognitive development” preparatory group for school
Topic: “A big star and its planets.”
Target: To clarify and systematize children’s acquired knowledge and basic ideas about the Sun and the Solar System.
Tasks:
- To consolidate knowledge about the planets, their sequential location from the Sun.
- Develop search and research activities: with the help of experience, determine the annual rotation of the planets around the Sun and why there is a change of day and night on Earth.
- Develop gross and fine motor skills.
- Activate children's vocabulary on the topic “Solar System”: planet, Sun, Solar system, orbit, names of planets.
- Develop coherent speech.
- Develop children's logical thinking and imagination.
- Promote the formation of communication skills.
- Cultivate interest in the Sun and Solar System.
- Enrich the emotional world of children with new impressions, improve their ability to work in a team.
Types of children's activities: cognitive-research, communicative, perception of fiction, gaming, productive, motor.
Materials: poster “Solar System”, a picture of the Sun, a parcel, a candle, a lantern, a light bulb, cut-out pictures of the Sun, a model of orbits on the floor made of ropes, a globe, a table lamp, white and red plasticine, hats and headbands with images of the planets of the Solar System , soft sun with ray laces. TSO audio recordings: E. Krylatov - Museum of the Institute of Time, Resurrection (Cosmic music).
Preliminary work. Observing the sun on a walk, reading the story “Where does the Sun sleep?”, the encyclopedia “Why”, working with a globe and a world map, memorizing the memory rhyme “Planets of the Solar System”.
I. Children stand in a semicircle facing the guests.
Educator: Guys, welcome our guests (children say hello). Give them your good mood, smile.
Today an unusual package arrived at our kindergarten, containing these cards that looked like puzzles. Let's try to collect them and see what happens? (children collect puzzles to the music) Look, guys, what did we do? (That's right, the sun!)
Reading a poem about the sun.
The cloud is hiding behind the forest,
The sun is looking from the sky.
And so pure
Good, radiant.
If we could get him,
We would kiss him.
Look, there are other items in the parcel (I show the children a candle, a flashlight, a light bulb).
Educator: What is the relationship between these objects and the Sun? (That these objects, like the sun, are sources of light. But artificial.)
Educator: Name natural light sources (sun, moon, fire).
Educator: Right! What is the main light source? This is the Sun! How many of you know riddles and proverbs about the Sun! (Children name and determine that this is a riddle or a proverb)
Children: 1) A golden apple is rolling on a blue saucer.
2) A red girl walks across the sky.
3) We cry without him, but when he appears, we hide from him.
4) I’ll get up early, white and rosy,
Yes, when I let down my golden hair,
Let me go out to the mountain
Both man and beast will rejoice.
5) What is higher than the forest,
More beautiful than the world
It burns without fire.
6) He looks at the whole world, but does not order to look at himself.
7) Without me there will be no light,
There will be no summer without me.
In the morning I knock on the window:
Wake up, the sun is out!
8) You warm the whole world
You don't know fatigue
Smiling at the window
And everyone calls you... (sun).
Proverbs: The sun is warm, the mother is good.
You can’t look at the sun with all your eyes.
You can't block the sun, but you can't hide the truth.
The sun will rise, and so will the morning.
II. Conversation about the Sun.
Educator: What do you think the Sun is? What is it like?
Children: The Sun is a big, big, huge, very hot star that is far from us.
Educator : Why don't other stars warm our planet? (The stars are very far away and their light and heat do not reach the earth)
Educator: If we became wizards and found ourselves on some star, how do you think we would see the Sun? (We would see the Sun as a small twinkling star)
Educator: What is the sun really like? (This is a huge hot ball emitting heat and light) Therefore, the Sun forms the center of our system. (painting with the image of the Sun)
Educator: Is there life on the Sun? (There is no life on the Sun, since it is very hot there; but it gives us life: people, plants, animals)
Educator: The sun is not lonely, he has a family. Only these are not daughters and sons, but planets, satellites and other cosmic bodies that are very attached to the Sun. I want to tell everyone a fairy tale about the Sunny family.
In one heavenly house there lived a woman and she had eight children, whom the mother loved dearly; the children were terrible fidgets and mischief-makers. For example, the mother will call all the children for dinner, but only six will come running. Where are the other two? And let's look for them everywhere! He'll run around and cry until he finds it. And the children started playing and forgot that their mother was waiting. And so every day, and so in everything: first one, then the other will forget about mother’s order. The poor mother was tired and turned to the Sorceress Galaxy for help. The sorceress listened to her and decided that it was inappropriate to disturb the heavenly order and declared that from now on, as punishment, eight naughty children would turn into balls and would always be near their mother, moving around her at different distances from one another. The furthest from the mother will be the most disobedient children, who will receive almost no warmth from her, and the closer ones will be the more obedient ones. Since then it has been like this! Eight planets walk in a circle near the mother sun and cannot escape from him.
Question: What is the family of the Sun called? (The family of the Sun is called the Solar System)
Educator: Why do you guys think?
Children's answers.
Educator: True, because the main thing is the Sun. Order reigns in the Sun's family: no one pushes, interferes with each other and does not offend each other. Each planet has its own path along which it runs around the Sun. What is the name of the path along which the planet moves? (Orbit) Now look carefully at the diagram of the solar system (examination of the diagram). How many paths-orbits around the Sun? (Children's answers)
Educator: Yes, the same number as there are planets – eight.
Look carefully: are the orbital tracks all the same or have you noticed any differences? (They vary in length)
What planets do you know?
III. Game "Solar System".
Educator: Let's imagine that we are planets of the solar system. Choose a planet of your choice (children choose hats that represent planets). The planets begin to move around the Sun to the music, as soon as the music ends, they take their places in the Solar System.
And now Lisa will recite a poem:
There is no air in outer space
And there are eight different planets circling there.
And the Sun is a star in the very center of the system,
And we are all connected by attraction.
The sun-star is a huge ball
The light radiates like a fire.
Well, the planets reflect that light,
They love the sunshine!
Educator : Now let’s check whether the planets have taken their places correctly. Any of us can name all the planets in order:
One... Mercury (the child answers).
Two (teacher)… Venus (child answers).
Three...Earth,
Four... Mars.
Five...Jupiter,
Six... Saturn,
Seven... Uranus,
Behind him... Neptune.
He is the eighth in a row.
Educator: Just now, what did you show? (That all planets revolve around the Sun.) The time during which they complete a full circle around the Sun is called... Correctly, “year”. The path around the Sun is different for all planets, why?
Children: The closer a planet is to the Sun, the shorter its path around it; the further the planet is from the Sun, the longer its path will be.
Educator: On Earth, a year lasts who knows how many days (365) or how many months (12). During this time, different seasons occur. Name them. While the Earth rotates, the seasons change every 3 months. The Earth will complete a full circle around the Sun and a new year will begin.
Educator: Does the sun ever rest? What does it do at night?
Do you think the Sun moves? (children's assumptions) The sun does not move, it is in one place. But the Sun never rests. The sun is a perpetual motion machine, a worker: always shining, always warming. But our planet Earth does not stand still, it rotates all the time. And in turn he exposes the Sun to one side, then the other, then the third, then the fourth.
IV. Day-Night Experience.
Educator: We need to find out what one revolution of the Earth around its axis is equal to. On Earth there is a change of day and night. To help you understand how day changes to night, let’s do the following experiment. To do this, we will need a model of the planet Earth - a globe and a table lamp and two pieces of plasticine - white and red. We will have a burning light bulb, the Sun, and plasticine will represent houses. We will attach these pieces, that is, “houses”, to opposite sides of our planet. So, half of the globe is illuminated, half is dark. It’s daytime in the white house, and night is in full swing in the red house, everyone is sleeping there. Let's turn the planet so that the white house disappears in the shadows and the red one appears in the light; morning has come here. What time of day is it in the white house? Evening. Our planet does not stand still, it constantly rotates around its axis, and now it has turned: in the red house the day is in full swing, but in the white one? Night. Let's turn our planet again. What do we see? What time of day is it in the red house? Evening. In the white house? Morning. This is how our planet Earth made one full revolution around its axis. Let's conclude: what is one revolution of the Earth around its axis? It's equal to a day, right. How many parts are there in a day? Four. Name (morning, afternoon, evening, night). What about hours? (24).
V. Game "Braid braids."
Educator: Guys, Sunny told me in confidence that he wants to get his hair done. Let's braid his hair. Sunny will have a new hairstyle, which will still resemble rays.
VI. Bottom line.
What new have you learned? What is the Sun? How many planets?
Literature.
1.Panikova E.A., Inkina V.V. Conversations about space. Methodological manual.-M.: TC Sfera, 2012.
2. Encyclopedia “Why”
Direction:“Cognitive - speech development”
Educational areas: (cognition, physical education, health, socialization, work)
Progress of the lesson:
1 hour Children are sitting at tables.
Playback: Now I’ll tell you a riddle, and you try to guess it.
Mystery:
Through the dark sky
The peas are scattered
Colored caramel
From sugar crumbs.
And only then
When the morning comes
Whole caramel
It will disappear and melt away.
Children: Stars.
Playback: Well done. Right.
The teacher shows a map of the starry sky.
Playback: Children, what do you think this is? (shows map)
Children: Night star map.
Playback: Look how many stars there are, try to count them and you will immediately get confused. Where are the stars?
Children: In the Universe, in space, in the Galaxy, in outer space.
Playback: Who knows what the Galaxy is?
Children: This is a huge cluster of stars. Our Galaxy is called the Milky Way.
Playback: Who can say what stars are?
Children: Stars are large balls of gas and dust.
Playback: Right. The Universe is infinite, some stars are large, they are closer to us, others are small, barely noticeable, very far from us, and therefore seem very small. No one on Earth yet knows whether there is life on the Stars. But it’s still interesting to look at the starry sky, to watch the falling stars.
In fact, the Star is a huge ball of gas. It is born from gas and dust, and fades away when the fuel runs out. What names of stars and constellations do you
Children: Constellation Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Polaris, Andromeda.
Playback: Well done. We talked about the stars, and now. Let's talk about the Sun.
(attaches the sun to the magnetic board)
2h. Playback: What do you think the Sun is?
Children: - The sun is a big star.
The sun is a huge hot ball, it is impossible to get close to it, it melts and burns everything.
The Sun is much closer to our planet than other stars, which is why it looks big and round.
It’s hard to look at the Sun, it’s very bright, sparkling, it gives off a lot of heat and light.
Playback: Well done. You know a lot about the Sun. Now look at this map (shows a map of the Solar System).
This is the Sun and its planets. Each planet moves around the sun in its own orbit.
Tell me, how many planets in total revolve around the star Sun?
Children: Nine.
Playback: What planets do you know?
Children: Mercury, Earth, Saturn.
Playback: Which planet is closest to the sun?
Children: Mercury.
Playback: Where is planet Earth located?
Children: Third from the Sun.
Playback: Which planet is considered the most beautiful?
Children: Saturn.
Playback: Well done.
3h. Playback: Now let's try to create our own Solar System (attach the Sun to the magnetic board).
What is the closest planet from the Sun?
Children: answer:
1 child: Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun. It's very, very hot on this planet.
Playback: What's the next planet?
2 children: Venus has a dense shell on this planet that retains heat. For people it is a very hot planet.
(attaches the planet to the board)
Playback: Fine. What's the next planet?
3 children: The earth is our home. The only planet on which life exists.
(attaches the planet to the board)
Playback: Great. Which planet will be next?
4 children: Mars is a red planet. Mars is cold, dry and rocky.
(attaches the planet to its orbit)
Playback: What can you say about the next planet?
5 children: Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. Consists of liquid, gas and metal.
(attaches the planet to the board)
Playback: Who can name the next planet?
6 children: Saturn is easily recognized by its luminous rings. The most beautiful and extraordinary planet.
(attaches his planet to the board)
Playback: Which planet will be next?
7 children: Uranus is an ice giant that is made of gas. A very heavy planet, heavier than the Earth, it does not have a solid shell.
(attaches to the board)
Playback: Fine. What about the next planet?
8 children: Neptune - this planet is similar to a stormy sea, but only a gas one with a turbulent atmosphere.
(attaches the planet to the board)
Playback: Well, and the last planet?
9 children: Pluto is a planet that was discovered quite recently. This is a small frozen ball called a dwarf planet - located farthest from the sun.
(attaches to the board)
Playback: Well done. So we created our own model of the Solar System and its planets. How beautiful it turned out for us.
4h. Physical education minute.
Playback: Now let's rest a little and do some exercises.
Guys, stand next to your desks. Let's start.
Children: perform charging:
In order– right hand up,
All planets– left hand up,
Anyone can name– right hand visa,
From U.S- left hand down,
Once– Mercury– right hand on the belt,
Two - Venus- left hand on the belt,
Three - Earth- right hand on the shoulder,
Four – Mars- left hand on the shoulder,
Five - Jupiter– right hand up,
Six – Saturn– left hand up,
Seven – Uranus- right hand on the shoulder,
Behind him is Neptune- left hand on the shoulder,
He's eighth– right hand on the belt,
Counting on- left hand on the belt,
And behind him– right hand down,
Only later- left hand down,
And the ninth planet– march in place,
Called Pluto- They march in place.
Playback: Well done. We take our places.
Children: They sit down at the tables.
5h. Playback: Today we talked a lot about the Sun, and we will try to make a Sundial to observe changes in the movement of the Sun. For this we will need cardboard, a pencil and scissors.
Playback: Shows progress:
|
Teacher's action |
Children's action |
|
Cut out an even circle from cardboard. |
cut out |
|
Mark the center with a pencil and pierce it. |
They are planning Pierce |
|
Insert a pencil into the middle. |
Insert a pencil |
Playback: The clock is ready. With their help, we will observe the change in the position of the sun; the shadow cast by all objects sanctified by the sun will help us with this.
Experiment:
The teacher shines a lamp (the sun) on the pencil, a shadow is reflected from it. Mark with a pencil on the circle. The sun moves - the shadow appears in a different place. This is how you can watch the movement of the sun.
Children: They put the clock on the table and do the work.
Playback: And now Varya will read us the poem “Earth.”
Varya:
Let's love the planet
There is no other like it in the world.
Let's scatter clouds and smoke over it,
We won’t let anyone offend her.
The teacher summarizes:
Playback: Well done. Today I liked the way you studied and answered the questions correctly. You know a lot about the Sun and its planets.
I want to award you medals so that you remember our interesting and educational lesson.
(hands out medals)
Playback: Children, what did you like most about our lesson?