1. The names of cities expressed by an inflected noun, as a rule, agree in case with the word being defined, for example: in the city of Moscow, near the city of Smolensk, above the city of Saratov. The same with foreign names: in the city of Alma-Ata, near the city of Venice.
Rarely occurring names are usually not agreed upon in order to maintain the necessary clarity; Wed in the periodical press: Negotiations took place in the city of Mina (Saudi Arabia, with the combination “in the city of Mina” the initial form of an unfamiliar word could be perceived as both Mina and Mina); To the stay of the mayor of the Greek city of Volos in the Russian Federation; the train approaches the city of Caltanetta; near the city of Nis: in the Romanian resort town of Sinaia.
Often the names of cities retain their original form, not consistent with generic names, in geographical and military literature, in official reports and documents, for example: Uzbekistan with its capital Tashkent; battles took place near the cities of Merseburg and Wuppertal; 400th anniversary of the city of Cheboksary.
The names of cities starting with -o sometimes do not agree in the presence of masculine names that are similar in sound: in the city of Odintsovo, in the city of Pushkino (the corresponding names of the masculine gender are consistent: in the city of Pushkin).
Usually the compound names do not agree: in the city of Mineralnye Vody; near the city of Matveev Kurgan; in the city of New Orleans.
The names of cities, enclosed in brackets and not syntactically related to the previous generic designation, do not agree, for example: In the west of the Right Bank, this high density is explained in the strong development of industry and cities (Nizhny Novgorod, Pavlov, Murom).
2. The names of villages, hamlets, and hamlets usually agree with generic names, for example: born in the village of Goryukhin (Pushkin); to the village of Duevka (Chekhov); behind the Sestrakov (Sholokhov) farm.
Deviations are observed in those names whose gender and number differ from the grammatical gender and number of the words village, village, etc., for example: in the village of Berestechko; outside the village of Berezniki; in the village of Pogrebets; in the village of Uglyanets. The same with compound names: in the village of Malye Mytishchi.
3. The names of rivers, as a rule, are consistent with the generic name, for example: on the Dnieper River (also: on the Moscow River); between the Ob and Yenisei rivers.
Little-known names of rivers, especially foreign ones, usually do not agree: on the Ros River, near the Ptich River; Argun River basin; in the Helmand River Valley (Afghanistan); The capital of Kampuchea is Phnom Penh on the Mekong River. Also often with compound names: a tributary of the Golaya Dolina River; on the Black Volta River (but in accordance with the rule: on the Northern Dvina River).
4. The names of towns, auls, and villages are consistent with the generic name, for example: in the town of Elsk, not far from the village of Arysypay, in the village of Gilyan, at the Zhalanashkol outpost.
5. The names of foreign republics usually agree with the word republic if they have a feminine form, and do not agree if they have a masculine form; compare:
a) trade between Russia and the Republic of India; in the Republic of Switzerland; Government of the Republic of Bolivia; in the South American Republic of Colombia;
b) in the Republic of Vietnam; capital of the Republic of Sudan; Ambassador of the Republic of Lebanon.
6. The names of foreign administrative-territorial units do not agree with the generic names, for example: in the state of Texas, in the state of Hyderabad (India), in the province of Tuscany, in the provinces of Khorasan and Isfahan (Iran), in the department of Sena, in the principality of Liechtenstein, in the land Schleswig-Holstein, in Sussex.
7. The names of lakes, bays, straits, canals, bays, islands, peninsulas, mountains, mountain ranges, deserts, etc., as a rule, do not agree with generic names, for example: on Lake Baikal (also: on Lake Ilmen ), near the Gulf of Alaska; in the Skagerrak and Kattegat straits; in the Golden Horn Bay; behind the island of Novaya Zemlya; on the island of Java; on the Florida peninsula; at Cape Chelyuskin; on Mount Elbrus; over the Kuen Lun ridge; in the Karakum desert, near the Sharabad oasis; near the lunar crater Archimedes; over Mount Etna; eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
Possible variants with agreement refer to a few well-known names, which are often used independently, without a generic name, for example: past the island of Tsushima; northern half of Sakhalin Island; on the island of Sicily; in the Sahara Desert.
Names that have the form of a full adjective agree: near Mount Magnitnaya, on Lake Ladoga. However, in this case, fluctuations are observed. Wed. in the same article by Konstantin Simonov: The length of Damansky Island is one and a half kilometers. - Provocations took place both near Damansky Island and thirty kilometers from there.
8. Astronomical names do not agree: the movement of a rocket to the planet Venus; orbit of the planet Jupiter; bright light of the star Sirius.
9. The names of stations and ports do not agree, for example: at the Orel station, at the Zlynka station; regular flights between the ports of Odessa and Alexandria; from the Polish port of Gdynia.
10. Street names usually agree if they have a feminine form, and disagree if they have a masculine form or are a compound name; compare:
a) on Sretenka Street; on the corner of Petrovka Street; this passage is called Stromynka Street;
b) on Balchug street; on the corner of Bolshaya Polyanka Street; on the streets of Oleniy Val; Cow Ford; Kashenkin Meadow; on Krakowskie Przedmieście Street (in Warsaw).
Reproduced from: D.E. Rosenthal, Handbook of Spelling and Literary Editing, M., Iris Press, 1999.
Myth No. 1. Geographical names on -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno do not bow down and never have bowed down. Options in Boldin, from Ostankino, in Pulkovo -“newspeak”, illiteracy, corruption of language.
Question from the “Help Bureau” of “Gramota.ru”: Recently, our television announcers have begun to incline the names: in Ostankino, in Konkovo etc. Have we changed the rules of the Russian language or have we made some concessions for announcers so that they don’t bother themselves?
Blog quote: “It pisses me off when they say on the news in Lublin, whereas all my life I thought that it wasn’t bending...” (blogger marinkafriend)
In fact: -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, traditionally inclined: in Ostankino, in Peredelkino, to Boldin, to Pulkovo, from Kosovo. The tendency to use the indeclinable option has developed only in recent decades. In other words, the new normal is not in Lublin, A in Lyublino.
From the history: Initially, all such names were inflected (remember Pushkin: “History of the village of Goryukhin A» , from Lermontov: “It’s not for nothing that all of Russia remembers Borodin Day A!» , remember the Soviet film “It was about Penkov e» ). Initially, indeclinable forms were used only in the speech of geographers and military officers, because it was very important to give names in the original form to avoid confusion: Kirov And Kirovo, Pushkin And Pushkino etc. But gradually indeclinable forms began to penetrate into written speech. Thus, in “Grammar of the modern Russian literary language” 1970 year, it was indicated that in the modern Russian literary language there is a tendency to replenish the group of words of zero declension with place names with finals -ov(o), -ev(o), -ev(o), -in(o). In other words, intransigence was just beginning to spread.
Quote on topic:“The habit of not declining the names of places apparently originates from military reports. But is it good that the newspaper spreads and takes root this habit? “I live in Odintsovo, in Kratovo,” and not “in Odintsovo, in Kratovo” - the habit of not inflecting names gives living speech some kind of official character” (L.K. Chukovskaya. In the editor’s laboratory).
"Russian Grammar" 1980 indicated: “Geographical names on -ovo, -evo And -ino, -ino: Ivanovo, Biryulyovo, Kuntsevo, Sarajevo, Boldino, Borodino, Golitsyno and under. in modern colloquial, professional, newspaper speech they show a tendency towards immutability. Despite this, in written speech, in accordance with current grammatical rules, geographical names in - ov(O), -yev(O), -ev(O), -in(O), -yn(O) are inclined: IN sky above Tushin(gas.); Speech coming about airport V Sheremetyevo(gas.). The indeclinability of geographical names is normal in the following cases: 1) If such a name is an appendix to one of the following generalizing words: village, village, village, station, encampment, less often – city: V village Vasilkovo, V village Pushkino, V village Belkino, on stations Gogolevo. 2) If a populated area is named after a famous person: near Repino(name of a village near Leningrad), near from Lermontovo(name of a small town near Penza).”
30 years have passed since then - and inflexible options have become so widespread that initially the only correct inflected option is today perceived by many as erroneous(see the words of the blogger above). Once upon a time A. A. Akhmatova was indignant if they said in front of her we live in Kratovo instead of we live in Kratovo, and the writer V.I. Belov sarcastically suggested to the speakers I live in Kemerovo pronounce in the same way from the window. Nowadays, many consider this very use to be a corruption of the language - in Kratovo, in Strogino, in Pulkovo– i.e. corresponding to strict literary norms.
However, the indeclinability of the names in question gradually became normative, as modern dictionaries say (albeit with caution). Here is a quote from the “Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language” by A. A. Zaliznyak: “...It is very common - both in oral speech and in print - to use a given word [toponym in -ovo, -ino] as unchangeable, for example: lives in Kuntsevo, we are approaching Ostankino, a kilometer from Borodino instead of literary lives in Kuntsevo, we are approaching Ostankino, a kilometer from Borodin. The prevalence of this phenomenon is so significant that it appears to be approaching the status of an acceptable variant.”
Thus, today both variants function in free use - inflected and indeclinable. Let us also note that over the past decades, the tendency noted by “Russian Grammar” not to change the original form of the names of settlements, if they are used as an appendix, along with the generic name, has finally taken hold. “Handbook of the Russian language: spelling, pronunciation, literary editing” by D. E. Rosenthal, E. V. Dzhandzhakova, N. P. Kabanova (M., 2010) indicates: “The above names [names of cities, villages, villages] do not agree , villages, estates in combination with a generic word], if they are expressed... by proper names in - ovo (-evo), -yno (-ino) – in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Pushkino».
So let's remember elementary truth No. 1.
Basic truth No. 1. Geographical names of Slavic origin ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, do not decline in combination with a generic word: from the Lyublino district, towards the Strogino district, towards the Mitino district, in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Prostokvashino, to the edge of Kosovo. If there is no generic word, then both options are possible, inflected (old) and indeclinable (new): in Lublin And in Lyublino, towards Strogin And towards Strogino, in Ivanovo And to Ivanovo, from Prostokvashino And from Prostokvashino to Kosovo And to Kosovo, to Mitin And to Mitino, 8th microdistrict of Mitino and 8th microdistrict of Mitino. In this case, the inflected version corresponds to strict literary norms. The dictionary of L.K. Graudina, V.A. Itskovich, L.P. Katlinskaya “Grammatical correctness of Russian speech” indicates: “In an exemplary literary style (from the stage, from the television screen, in radio speech) these forms should be declined.”
The rules for declination of a surname cannot depend on the desire or unwillingness of the bearer of the surname.
Don't bow:
1. female surnames ending with a consonant and a soft sign
(Anna Zhuk, family of Maria Mitskevich, appoint Lyudmila Koval).
2. Female names ending with a consonant
(Carmen, Gyulchatay, Dolores, Helen, Suok, Edith, Elizabeth).
(Hugo, Bizet, Rossini, Shaw, Nehru, Goethe, Bruno, Dumas, Zola).
4. Male and female names ending with a vowel sound, excluding –a(–я)
(Sergo, Nelly).
5. Surnames ending in –а(–я) with a preceding vowel and
(sonnets by Heredia, poems by Garcia, stories by Gulia).
6. Russian surnames, which are frozen forms of the genitive singular with endings: –ovo, –ago, –yago
(Durnovo, Sukhovo, Zhivago, Shambinago, Debyago, Khitrovo);
and plural with endings: –i, –ih
(Twisted, Ostrovsky, Polish, Long, Gray).
In colloquial speech, surnames can be inclined to –i, –i.
(Sergei Zhivago, Irina Zhivago, Galina Polskikh, Viktor Polskikh).
7. Ukrainian surnames with accented and unstressed –ko ( Golovko, Lyashko, Franko, Yanko, Shevchenko’s anniversary, Makarenko’s activities, Korolenko’s works).
8. The first part of a double surname, if it is not used as a surname by itself
(V roles of Skvoznyak-Dmukhanovsky, research by Grun-Grizhimailo, sculpture by Demut-Malinovsky).
Declining:
1. male surnames and names ending with a consonant and a soft sign(Institute named after S. Ya. Zhuk, poems by Adam Mickiewicz, meet Igor Koval).
2. Female names ending with a soft sign
(Love, Judith).
3. As a rule, surnames are inclined to unaccented ones - and I
(mostly Slavic, Romanesque and some others)
(article by V. M. Ptitsa, works by Jan Neruda, songs performed by Rosita Quintana, conversation with A. Vaida, poems by Okudzhava).
Fluctuations are observed in the use of Georgian and Japanese surnames, where cases of inclination and indeclinability occur:
(game nar. USSR artist Kharava; \(100\) years since the birth of Saint-Katayama, Kurosawa films; works by A. S. Chikobava (and Chikobava); creativity of Pshavela; minister in Ikeda's cabinet; Hatoyama's performance; films of Vittorio de Sica (not de Sica).
4. Slavic surnames with accents - and I
(with the writer Mayboroda, with the philosopher Skovoroda, with the director Golovnya).
5. The first part of Russian double surnames, if it itself is used as a surname
(poems by Lebedev-Kumach, production by Nemirovich-Danchenko, exhibition by Sokolov-Skal).
A foreign name ending in a consonant preceding a surname is declined
(novels by Jules Verne, stories by Mark Twain).
But, according to tradition: novels by Walter (and Walter) Scott, songs about Robin Hood.
6. When declension of foreign surnames and names, forms of Russian declension are used and the peculiarities of declension of words in the original language are not preserved.
(Karel Capek - Karela Capek [not Karla Capek]).
Also Polish names
(at Vladek, at Edek, at Janek [not: at Vladek, at Edk, at Jank]).
7. Polish female surnames in – A tend to follow the pattern of Russian surnames - and I
(Bandrovska-Turska - tours of Bandrovska-Turska, Czerni-Stefanska - concerts of Czerni-Stefanska).
At the same time, it is possible to design such surnames according to the Russian model and in the nominative case
(Opulskaya-Danetskaya, Modzelevskaya).
The same is appropriate for Czech surnames starting with – A
(Babitskaya - Babitskaya, Babitskaya).
8. Slavic male surnames in – and, –s it is advisable to incline, following the example of Russian surnames, to – yy, -yy
Dr. names: SGNZS
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1. In Prostokvashino or in Prostokvashino?
Myth No. 1. Geographical names on -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno do not bow down and never have bowed down. Options in Boldin, from Ostankino, in Pulkovo -“newspeak”, illiteracy, corruption of language.
Question from the “Help Bureau” of “Gramota.ru”: Recently, our television announcers have begun to incline the names: in Ostankino, in Konkovo etc. Have we changed the rules of the Russian language or have we made some concessions for announcers so that they don’t bother themselves?
Blog quote: “It pisses me off when they say on the news in Lublin, whereas all my life I believed that it did not bend. "(blogger marinkafriend)
In fact: -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, traditionally inclined: in Ostankino, in Peredelkino, to Boldin, to Pulkovo, from Kosovo. The tendency to use the indeclinable option has developed only in recent decades. In other words, the new normal is not in Lublin, A in Lyublino.
From the history: Initially, all such names were inflected (remember Pushkin: “History of the village of Goryukhin A» , from Lermontov: “It’s not for nothing that all of Russia remembers Borodin Day A!» , remember the Soviet film “It was about Penkov e» ). Initially, indeclinable forms were used only in the speech of geographers and military officers, because it was very important to give names in the original form to avoid confusion: Kirov And Kirovo, Pushkin And Pushkino etc. But gradually indeclinable forms began to penetrate into written speech. Thus, in “Grammar of the modern Russian literary language” 1970 year, it was indicated that in the modern Russian literary language there is a tendency to replenish the group of words of zero declension with place names with finals -ov(o), -ev(o), -ev(o), -in(o). In other words, intransigence was just beginning to spread.
Quote on topic:“The habit of not declining the names of places apparently originates from military reports. But is it good that the newspaper spreads and takes root this habit? “I live in Odintsovo, in Kratovo”, and not “in Odintsovo, in Kratovo” - the habit of not inflecting names gives living speech some kind of official character” (L.K. Chukovskaya. In the editor’s laboratory).
"Russian Grammar" 1980 indicated: “Geographical names on -ovo, -evo And -ino, -ino: Ivanovo, Biryulyovo, Kuntsevo, Sarajevo, Boldino, Borodino, Golitsyno and under. in modern colloquial, professional, newspaper speech they show a tendency towards immutability. Despite this, in written speech, in accordance with current grammatical rules, geographical names are - ov(O), —yev(O), —ev(O), —in(O), —yn(O) are inclined: IN sky above Tushin(gas.); Speech coming about airport V Sheremetyevo(gas.). The indeclinability of geographical names is normal in the following cases: 1) If such a name is an appendix to one of the following generalizing words: village, village, village, station, encampment, less often – city: V village Vasilkovo, V village Pushkino, V village Belkino, on stations Gogolevo. 2) If a populated area is named after a famous person: near Repino(name of a village near Leningrad), near from Lermontovo(name of a small town near Penza).”
30 years have passed since then - and inflexible options have become so widespread that initially the only correct inflected option is today perceived by many as erroneous(see the words of the blogger above). Once upon a time A. A. Akhmatova was indignant if they said in front of her we live in Kratovo instead of we live in Kratovo, and the writer V.I. Belov sarcastically suggested to the speakers I live in Kemerovo pronounce in the same way from the window. Nowadays, many consider this very use to be a corruption of the language - in Kratovo, in Strogino, in Pulkovo– i.e. corresponding to strict literary norms.
However, the indeclinability of the names in question gradually became normative, as modern dictionaries say (albeit with caution). Here is a quote from the “Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language” by A. A. Zaliznyak: “. It is very common - both in oral speech and in print - to use a given word [toponym in -ovo, -ino] as unchangeable, for example: lives in Kuntsevo, we are approaching Ostankino, a kilometer from Borodino instead of literary lives in Kuntsevo, we are approaching Ostankino, a kilometer from Borodin. The prevalence of this phenomenon is so significant that it appears to be approaching the status of an acceptable variant.”
Thus, today both variants function in free use - inflected and indeclinable. Let us also note that over the past decades, the tendency noted by “Russian Grammar” not to change the original form of the names of settlements, if they are used as an appendix, along with the generic name, has finally taken hold. “Handbook of the Russian language: spelling, pronunciation, literary editing” by D. E. Rosenthal, E. V. Dzhandzhakova, N. P. Kabanova (M., 2010) indicates: “The above names [names of cities, villages, villages] do not agree , villages, estates in combination with a generic word], if they are expressed. proper names on — ovo (-evo), -yno (-ino) – in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Pushkino».
So let's remember elementary truth No. 1.
Basic truth No. 1. Geographical names of Slavic origin ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, . If there is no generic word, then both options are possible, inflected (old) and indeclinable (new): in Lublin And in Lyublino, towards Strogin And And to Ivanovo, from Prostokvashino And from Prostokvashino to Kosovo And to Kosovo, to Mitin And
Letterman
Names and titles
In the city of Moscow or in the city of Moscow? Names combined with a generic word
Geographical name used with generic names town, village, hamlet, hamlet, river etc., acting as an appendix, agrees with the word being defined, that is, it declines if the toponym is of Russian, Slavic origin or is a long-borrowed and adopted name.
Right: in the city of Moscow, in the city of St. Petersburg, from the city of Kyiv; to the village of Ivanovka, from the village of Olkhovka, in the village of Shushenskoye, near the Mikhailovsky farmstead; near the Volga River, valley of the Sukhoi stream.
Both parts of the name decline Moskva River: Moskva River, on the Moskva River etc. In colloquial speech there are cases of indeclinability of the first part: beyond the Moscow River, on the Moscow River etc. But such use does not correspond to strict literary norms.
Geographical names in combination with a generic word are usually not declined in the following cases:
In addition, there is a tendency towards indeclinability in applications-place names of the neuter gender ending in -e, -o: between the villages of Molodechno and Dorozhno, in the city of Vidnoye(this name is not declined, because when declined it will be difficult to restore the original form: in the city of Vidnoye - This Vidny town or Vidnoye city?).
The “Dictionary of Geographical Names” by A.V. Superanskaya (M., 2013) states that toponyms are usually not declined in combination with the following geographical terms: swamp, bay, mountains, state, valley, bay, outpost, land village, key, well, kingdom, town, deposit, cape, region, lake, district, island, pass, plateau, plateau, dam, area, peninsula, village, province, strait, fishery, district(as an administrative-territorial unit), village, station, tract, ridge, state. The exception is when the name is expressed by an adjective: on Lake Ritsa, But: on Lake Onega, in the Bay of Kotor, But: in Sydney Harbour.
In the city of Stary Oskol or in the city of Stary Oskol? Compound names in combination with a generic word
Is it necessary to decline the compound names of cities and other settlements in combination with a generic word? Reference manuals answer this question in different ways. Everywhere it is indicated that such names are not declined if their external form corresponds to the plural form: in the city of Velikie Luki, from the city of Mineralnye Vody(see above). What if it corresponds to the singular form? Stary Oskol, Vyshny Volochek, Nizhny Novgorod, Krivoy Rog.
In the “Handbook of Spelling and Literary Editing” by D. E. Rosenthal, in the manual by Yu. A. Belchikov “Practical Stylistics of the Modern Russian Language”, as well as in the “Dictionary of Geographical Names” by A. V. Superanskaya it is indicated that such names are not declined in combination with a generic word: in the city of Stary Crimea, from the city of Veliky Ustyug, in the city of Stary Oskol, above the city of Lodeynoye Pole. At the same time, the “Dictionary of grammatical variants of the Russian language” by L.K. Graudina, V.A. Itskovich, L.P. Katlinskaya indicates that in toponyms expressed by combinations of words, parts of the name should be declined: in the city of Vyshny Volochyok, however, in colloquial and professional speech, an indeclinable version has spread and taken root: near the city of Vyshny Volochek, in the settlement of Dolgiy Most.
In Moscow or in the city of Moscow?
In the “Directory of the Publisher and Author” by A.E. Milchin and L.K. Cheltsova it is stated that “abbreviation G.(city), like the full word, is recommended to be used sparingly, mainly before the names of cities derived from surnames ( Kirov)».
Thus, it is commonly used: in Moscow. Options in Moscow, in the city of Moscow in Moscow, in the city of Moscow
In Peredelkino or in Peredelkino?
Toponyms of Slavic origin ending in -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno, do not decline in combination with a generic word: from the Lyublino district, towards the Strogino district, towards the Mitino district, in the city of Ivanovo, from the village of Prostokvashino, to the edge of Kosovo. If there is no generic word, then both options are possible, inflected and indeclinable: in Lublin And in Lyublino, towards Strogin And towards Strogino, in Ivanovo And to Ivanovo, from Prostokvashino And from Prostokvashino to Kosovo And to Kosovo, to Mitin And to Mitino, 8th microdistrict of Mitino and 8th microdistrict of Mitino. In this case, the inflected version corresponds to strict literary norms. The dictionary of L.K. Graudina, V.A. Itskovich, L.P. Katlinskaya “Grammatical correctness of Russian speech” indicates: “In an exemplary literary style (from the stage, from the television screen, in radio speech) these forms should be declined.”
Read more about titles at -ovo, -evo, -ino, -yno see in the section “Elemental truths”.
Pushkin or Pushkin?
Geographical names on -s (-ev), -ovo (-evo), -in, -ino (-yno) have an ending in the instrumental case -ohm, For example: .
Unlike the names of cities, Russian surnames are -in (-yn) and on -s (-ev) have the ending in the instrumental case -th, cf.: Pushkin(surname) - Pushkin And Pushkin(city) - Pushkin; Alexandrov(surname) - Alexandrov And Alexandrov(city) - Alexandrov.
In Kamen-Kashirskoye or in Kamen-Kashirskoye?
If a compound toponym is a Russian or long-acquired name, in indirect case forms its first part should be declined: from Kamnya-Kashirsky, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, in Mogilev-Podolsky, in Rostov-on-Don.
All place names in which the first part of the name has a morphological feature of the neuter gender are covered by a tendency towards immutability: from Likino-Duleva, to Sobolevo-on-Kamchatka.
How to decline foreign-language geographical names?
Names ending with -A
Names ending with -O And -e
Such names are not declined in the Russian literary language: in Oslo, Tokyo, Bordeaux, Mexico City, Santiago, Calais, Grodno, Vilna, Kovno.
Names ending with -and, -s
Toponyms have a greater tendency towards inclination -s: in Katowice, Thebes, Tatras, Cannes, Cheboksary.
Usually names are not inclined to -And: from Chile, Tbilisi, Nagasaki.
Names ending in a consonant
Foreign names ending in a consonant are usually not declined in application function: in the city of Louisville, in the city of Maubeuge, in the city of Niamet, in the province of Zyadin, near the city of Manston. (The exception is names long ago borrowed and adopted by the Russian language: in the city of Washington.)
If such names are not used in the application function, they tend to be: in the city of Mantasas, But 70 kilometers from Mantasas, near the town of Manston, But near Manston.
Latin American names depart from this group by - OS: to Fuentos.
Complex names of type are not declined Pere Lachaise, Mine Mill, Puerto Montt.
Compound names with the second part do not decline -street, -square, -park, -palace: Alvin Street, Union Square, Friedrich Stadt Palace, Enmore Park.
In Frankfurt am Main or in Frankfurt am Main?
The first part of complex foreign language toponyms, as a rule, is not declined: in Almaty, near Buenos Aires, from Yoshkar-Ola. The exception is the first part in the construction “place name on the river”: in Frankfurt am Main, to Schwedt an der Oder, from Stratford upon Avon.
If any foreign language compound name is used in an application function with common nouns like city, town, capital, port and so on, it is left unchanged in the second part: in the city of Santa Cruz, in the Bolivian capital La Paz(the exception is long-borrowed names mastered in Russian: in New York City).
QUESTION TO THE INFORMATION BUREAU
What to do with the combination municipal formation of the urban district of Usinsk?
I have the following question. Our municipality is officially called Municipal entity of the urban district "Usinsk". However, I have doubts about the correctness of using the phrase in this case urban district in the genitive case. In my opinion, according to the rules of the Russian language, the correct name should be used in the nominative case: Municipal formation urban district "Usinsk".
There is also a question about the placement of quotation marks: they should come before and after the word Usinsk or the expression must be quoted "Usinsk Urban District"?
Russian help desk response
Combinations municipality And urban district must be consistent in case (in other words, used in the same case), since urban district from a syntax point of view, it is an application. Wed: oriole bird.
As for quotation marks and other characters. The following design options are possible here:
Moreover, when using quotation marks, the part of the name enclosed in them will not be declined: Administration of the municipal formation "City District of Usinsk".
How to decline geographical names?
In most cases, a competent writer knows how to correctly decline geographical names, but, “thanks to” already ingrained errors in spoken and sometimes (oh, horror!) in written speech, anyone can doubt the correctness of spelling. Perhaps there is nothing complicated in the rules of declination; it is enough to understand a few nuances.
Rule #1
It declines, and for ease of remembering, the name used together with common generic words (city, river, village) agrees. The only deviation: this rule works if the toponym is of Slavic (Russian) origin or was borrowed long ago:
By the way, it is better to omit the word “city” or its abbreviation in the letter if it is obvious that we are talking about the city. And don’t listen to those who stubbornly continue to say and write: “on the Moscow River.” On the Moscow River!
Rule #2
When used in conjunction with a generic word, those names whose form exists only in the plural are not declined, for example: Lipki, Malye Berega, Velikiye Luki:
Rule #3
Most often, place names of the neuter gender, with the endings -e, -o, are not declined; this applies to cases when it is impossible to determine the exact name of the city during declination. Try to correctly identify the name of the settlement: “in the city of Zarechny.” The city of Zarechny or still Zarechnoye?
The generic word (common noun) also does not allow place names whose endings are:
Eno, -ino, -evo, -ovo:
- drive towards the village of Razmetelevo,
- But: without clarification (common noun), both options will be correct: we drove up to Razmetelevo, we drove up to Razmetelevo.
- toponyms of French origin with the ending -a,
- Finnish and Estonian names,
- names with endings -o, -i, -e,
- names with consonant endings used with a generic word,
- complex names, including those with parts like: “square”, “street”, “avenue”,
- the first parts of complex toponyms, with the exception of river names.
Rule #4
With regards to complex toponyms consisting of two or more parts, the declension of both the first part and the second is applicable, a vivid example is “in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky”. Exception: neuter gender of the first word “the guests came from Shapkino-Rukavichkin.”
Well, a little about foreign-language geographical names. There is no declension for:
City declension rules
Hello. Difficulties arise when declension of cities with and without a qualifying word: 1) In the city of Mirny or in the city of Mirny? 2) In the village of Aikhal or in the village of Aikhal? 3) “A specialist is required to work in the village of Aikhal or in the village of Aikhal”? Colleagues argue endlessly about this. Let me explain - AykhAl is a name borrowed from the Yakut language 60 years ago. In this regard, another question arises: should 60 years of use of this name be considered no longer foreign? If you have any further additions on these issues, I will be grateful. Thank you. Congratulations, Natalya
A geographical name used with the generic names city, village, hamlet, hamlet, river, etc., acting as an appendix, is consistent with the word being defined, that is, it declines if the toponym is of Russian, Slavic origin or is a long-borrowed and adopted name.
That's right: in the city of Moscow, in the city of St. Petersburg, from the city of Kyiv; to the village of Ivanovka, from the village of Olkhovka, in the village of Shushenskoye, near the Mikhailovsky farmstead; near the Volga River, valley of the Sukhoi stream.
Both parts in the name Moskva River are declined: Moskva River, on the Moscow River, etc. In colloquial speech, there are cases of indeclinability of the first part: beyond the Moscow River, on the Moscow River, etc. But this use does not correspond strict literary norm.
In addition, there is a tendency towards indeclinability of neuter place name applications ending in -e, -o: between the villages of Molodechno and Dorozhno, not far from the village of Mironezhye, in the city of Vidnoye.
Thus, it will be correct in the city of Mirny, in the village of Aikhal.
rus.stackexchange.com
Declension of geographical names
Noun.
Geographical names are declined in the following cases:
In the “Directory of the Publisher and Author” by A.E. Milchin and L.K. Cheltsova, it is stated that “the abbreviation g. (city), like the full word, is recommended to be used in a limited manner, mainly before the names of cities formed from surnames (g. Kirov)". Thus, commonly used: in Moscow. Options in Moscow, in the city of Moscow should be characterized as specifically clerical (i.e., used primarily in official business speech). Options in Moscow, in the city of Moscow do not correspond to the literary norm.
Geographical names on -ov (-ev), -ovo (-evo), -in, -ino (-yno) have an ending in the instrumental case -ohm, For example: Lvov - Lvov, Kanev - Kanev, Kryukovo - Kryukov, Kamyshin - Kamyshin, Maryino - Maryin, Golitsyno - Golitsyn.
Geographical names may or may not be declined if there is no generic word: in Lublin and in Lyublino, towards Strogin and towards Strogino, in Ivanovo and to Ivanovo, from Prostokvashino and from Prostokvashino, to Kosovo and to Kosovo, to Mitino and to Mitino, 8th microdistrict of Mitino and 8th microdistrict of Mitino.
In this case, the inflected version corresponds to strict literary norms. The dictionary of L.K. Graudina, V.A. Itskovich, L.P. Katlinskaya “Grammatical correctness of Russian speech” indicates: “In an exemplary literary style (from the stage, from the television screen, in radio speech) these forms should be declined.”