MDOU Tisulsky kindergarten No. 4 Pugina N.V.
Informatization of the education system places new demands on the teacher and his professional competence. A teacher must not only be able to use a computer and modern multimedia equipment, but also create his own educational resources and widely use them in his teaching activities.
Information technology is not only and not so much computers and their software. ICT means the use of a computer, the Internet, television, video, DVD, CD, multimedia, audiovisual equipment, that is, everything that can provide ample opportunities for communication.
Areas of application of ICT by preschool teachers
1. Maintaining documentation.
In the process of educational activities, the teacher draws up and draws up calendar and long-term plans, prepares material for the design of the parent corner. Of course, this can be done without the use of computer technology, but the quality of design and time costs are not comparable.
An important aspect of the use of ICT is the preparation of teachers for certification. Here you can consider both the preparation of documentation and the preparation of a portfolio
Working with parents occupies a special place when using ICT:
- Possibility to demonstrate any documents, photographic materials;
- Optimal combination of individual work and group work;
- Use of ICT in parent-teacher meetings.
2. Methodological work, teacher training.
Online communities of teachers allow not only to find and use the necessary methodological developments, but also to post their materials, share their teaching experience in preparing and conducting events, and using various methods and technologies.
To improve the level of qualifications of a teacher, the work of a preschool teacher is to conduct the educational process.
The educational process includes:
- organization of direct educational activities of the student,
- organizing joint developmental activities between teachers and children,
- implementation of projects,
- creation of a development environment (games, manuals, teaching materials).
There are 3 types of activities using ICT.
1. Lesson with multimedia support.
To conduct such classes, one personal computer is required. (laptop), multimedia projector, speakers, screen.
The use of multimedia presentations allows you to make the lesson emotionally charged, interesting, they are an excellent visual aid and demonstration material, which contributes to the good results of the lesson.
2. Lesson with computer support
Most often, such classes are conducted using game-based training programs.
In this lesson, several computers are used, on which several students work simultaneously.
When organizing classes of this type, it is necessary to have a stationary computer class that complies with SANPiN standards and licensed software.
The use of ICT does not provide for teaching children the basics of computer science and computer technology.
An important rule when organizing such classes is their frequency. Classes should be held 1-2 times a week, depending on the age of the children, for 10-15 minutes of direct activity at the PC.
3. Diagnostic lesson.
To conduct such classes, special programs are required, which is rare. The development of such computer programs is a matter of time. Using application software tools, you can develop test tasks and use them for diagnostics
With all the constant advantages of using ICT in preschool education, the following problems arise:
1. Material base of the preschool educational institution.
Not all kindergartens today can afford to create computer classes.
2. Protecting the child's health.
Recognizing that the computer is a new powerful tool for the development of children, it is necessary to remember the commandment “DO NO HARM!” " The use of ICT in preschool institutions requires careful organization of both the classes themselves and the entire regime as a whole in accordance with the age of the children and the requirements of the Sanitary Rules.
3. Insufficient ICT – teacher competence.
The teacher must not only perfectly know the content of all computer programs, their operational characteristics, and the user interface of each program (specifics of technical rules for dealing with each of them), but also understand the technical characteristics of the equipment, be able to work in basic application programs, multimedia programs and the Internet.
So, the use of information technology makes it possible to make the process of learning and development of children quite simple and effective, frees them from routine manual work, and opens up new opportunities for early education.
List of used literature
- Management of innovation processes in preschool educational institutions. – M., Sfera, 2008.
- Ezopova S.A. Preschool education, or Education of children of senior preschool age: innovations and traditions//Preschool pedagogy. - 2007. -№6
- Zakharova I.G. Information technologies in education: Textbook. aid for students higher ped. textbook establishments. – M., 2003
- Ksenzova G.Yu. Promising school technologies: educational and methodological manual. - M.: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2000.
- Motorin V. "Educational capabilities of computer games." Preschool education, 2000, No. 11.
The rapid development of new information technologies and their implementation in Russia in recent years have left their mark on the development of a child’s personality. The school is part of society, and it reflects the same problems as throughout the country. Therefore, it is very important to organize the learning process so that the child actively, with interest and enthusiasm works in the lesson, sees the fruits of his labor and can appreciate them. A combination of traditional teaching methods and modern information technologies, including computers, can help the teacher in solving this difficult problem.
In practice educational information technologies name all technologies that use special technical information means (computers, audio, video, cinema).
Combination ICT associated with two types of technologies: informational And communication.
« Information Technology“is a system of methods, methods and means that ensure storage, processing, transmission and display of information and are aimed at increasing the efficiency and productivity of labor.” At the present stage information Technology directly related to computer (computer technology).
Communication technologies determine the methods, methods and means of human interaction with the external environment. In these communications computer provides comfortable, individual, diverse, highly intelligent interaction of communication objects.
Using in combination information and communication technologies in educational practice, it should be noted that the main task facing their implementation is the adaptation of a person to life in the information society.
Today ICT become the main tool that a person will use not only in professional activities, but also in everyday life
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Conditions and results of ICT implementation |
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| Promotion ICT competencies teacher | Development computer technology teachers. The teacher becomes a confident user. |
| Availability of free access to a computer in an educational institution. Availability computer at the teacher's workplace. | The acquired knowledge is applied in practice. Teachers prepare materials for classes and conduct lessons using computer. |
| Availability EOR and methods of their use | Teachers use EOR as a new source for meaningful work, as an opportunity to intensify children’s independent and research activities. |
| There is an opportunity to share experience. Pedagogical innovations | Satisfying personal and professional ambitions. Career growth. Providing assistance to colleagues. |
| Availability of methodologist, ICT consultant | In case of uncertainty, failures in work at computer, he can help. Coordinates interaction with other teachers. |
| Formation of an information and educational environment in an institution based on the application ICT | There is an opportunity for the development and self-development of a teacher, improving his educational and methodological activities, pedagogical creativity and |
Benefits of using ICT
1.individualization of training;
2. intensification of students’ independent work;
3.increase in the volume of tasks completed in class;
4.possibility of obtaining various types of materials via the network Internet and the use of special disks. Multimedia system electronic textbook allows you to fill the program with the sound of natural processes, duplicate the text in the voice of the announcer, create the necessary musical background for work, include any video fragment, “revive” any geographical process with animation; which provides greater visibility and interest for students;
5.increasing cognitive activity and motivation for acquiring knowledge due to the variety of forms of work, the possibility of including a game moment: if you solve the examples correctly, open the picture, insert all the letters correctly - you will move closer to the goal of the fairy-tale hero. Computer gives the teacher new opportunities, allowing the student and the student to enjoy the exciting process of learning, not only pushing the walls of the school classroom with the power of imagination, but with the help of the latest technologies allows you to immerse yourself in a bright, colorful world. This activity causes an emotional uplift in children; even lagging students are willing to work with computer.
6.Integrating a regular lesson with computer allows the teacher to transfer part of his work to a PC, while making the learning process more interesting, varied, and intense. In particular, the process of writing definitions, theorems and other important parts of the material becomes faster, since the teacher does not have to repeat the text several times (he displayed it on the screen), the student does not have to wait until the teacher repeats exactly the fragment he needs.
7. This teaching method is also very attractive for teachers: it helps them better assess the child’s abilities and knowledge, understand him, encourages him to look for new, non-traditional forms and methods of teaching, stimulates his professional growth and further development of the computer.
8.The use of computer tests and diagnostic systems in the classroom will allow the teacher to obtain an objective picture of the level of mastery of the studied material by all students in a short time and correct it in a timely manner. At the same time, it is possible to select the level of difficulty of the task for a specific student
9. What is important for the student is that immediately after completing the test (when this information has not yet lost its relevance), he receives an objective result indicating errors, which is impossible, for example, during an oral examination.
10. Students’ mastery of modern information technologies. In lessons integrated with computer science, students master computer literacy and learn to use one of the most powerful modern universal tools in working with the material of various objects - computer, with its help they solve equations, build graphs, drawings, prepare texts, drawings for their works. This is an opportunity for students to show their creativity;
But, along with the advantages, various problems arise both in preparation for such lessons and during their implementation.
Existing shortcomings and problems in the use of ICT
1. Teachers do not have time in their work schedule to explore opportunities. Internet.
2.Lack of a demonstration center.
3. Difficult to integrate computer in the lesson structure of classes.
4. There is no provision for dividing the class into groups when conducting classes in a computer lab.
5.With insufficient motivation to work, students are often distracted by games, music, checking PC performance, etc.
6. There is a possibility that, being carried away by the use ICT In the classroom, the teacher will move from developmental teaching to visual and illustrative methods.
Options for using funds ICT
Consider the following use cases ICT in the educational process:
1. lesson with multimedia support - there is one in the class computer, it is used by the teacher as an “electronic board” and by students to defend projects;
2. the lesson is held with computer support - several computers(usually in a computer class), all students work on them simultaneously or in turns;
3. lesson integrated with computer science, takes place in a computer class;
4. independent study (possibly remote) with the help of special training systems.
At the same time, we must not forget about sanitary standards regarding students’ working hours outside of computer.
ICT and ICT competence of teachers
ICT competence of a modern teacher as an indicator of professional success
A characteristic feature of the development of the modern educational system is the transition to a new technological basis. Under the influence of information and communication technologies, all components of the methodological system of teaching the subject (goals, content, forms, methods, means) change. In this regard, a new term has appeared - “electronic didactics”, which is understood as the theory and practice of teaching in a new information and educational environment.
The information and educational environment of an educational institution is an integrated digital platform for cooperation, interaction and knowledge exchange for teachers, students and administration, to improve the quality of education for all students. It should be noted that the didactic principles of teaching - scientific, visual, systematic and consistent, conscious, active - do not disappear, but the task is posed differently: how to ensure all this in the conditions of the new didactics, when the methods and means of presenting educational material have changed.
Only teachers who are well prepared in terms of mastering electronic technologies in their professional activities can develop, implement and support new didactics. Therefore, the most important condition for the successful modernization of education is the improvement of professional pedagogical culture and the competence of teachers. This means that the teacher must continuously improve his information and communication competence.
Matrix of ICT competence of teachers
In November 2011, the document “Structure of ICT competence of teachers” was presented to the public. UNESCO recommendations. Version 2.0". The recommendations propose a matrix structure of teachers’ ICT competence (Table 1), which is defined by two dimensions. The first is determined by approaches to school informatization, and the second by aspects of the teacher’s professional competence. Within the framework of three approaches to informatization of schools, requirements for teacher training have been identified.
Applications of ICT can be as follows:
– use of ICT tools to achieve educational results, which are provided for by current standards;
– use of ready-made electronic educational materials and various web resources in your work;
– carrying out assessment activities using ICT tools;
– use of ICT tools for current reporting and professional development.
This approach typically focuses on equipping schools with ICT tools, reducing the digital divide and ensuring equal access to these tools for all students. The organizational forms of educational work within the framework of this approach practically do not change.
The teacher needs:
– own software tools that relate to their subject area;
– be able to choose the most convenient ways of presenting educational information;
– rationally use all available technical and software tools to organize the educational process;
– use online resources that allow students to access information, work together and communicate with external experts while solving problems of their choosing;
– use Internet resources to obtain the necessary professional materials, communicate with colleagues and other experts in order to improve their professional level;
– be able to develop digital educational resources and build a learning environment;
– use ICT as a tool to develop students’ ability to produce knowledge and develop critical thinking;
– support reflection as a necessary component of educational work;
– create learning communities or “communities of knowledge” among students and their colleagues.
The UNESCO recommendations are an internationally recognized tool that allows you to determine the pedagogical ICT competence required by every teacher, as well as to develop a set of educational and methodological materials for training teachers.
The successful use of ICT in the educational process depends on the ability of teachers to reorganize the learning environment, combine new information and pedagogical technologies in order to conduct exciting classes, encourage educational cooperation and cooperation among students. This requires the teacher to have a number of new skills in class management. The skills that such a teacher must possess must include the ability to develop new ways of using ICT to enrich the learning environment, student learning, and the ability to produce new knowledge.
Acquiring information competence opens up a wide range of opportunities for teachers and students that enrich the educational environment and make the teaching-learning process more dynamic.
One of the main trends that determines the requirements for the level of ICT competence of a modern teacher is a shift in emphasis from tasks at the technological level (related to the mastery of specific tools, specific software products) to the pedagogical one. The range of skills classified as key competence has expanded, since the corresponding skills are enshrined in the Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) at the initial stage of education in the meta-subject learning outcomes of schoolchildren and in the course “Mathematics and Computer Science”, as well as the Federal State Educational Standard of the basic school in the meta-subject results of the graduate of the basic school and in a computer science course (V – IX or VII – IX grades), which should ensure the development of ICT competence in all schoolchildren. The new generation school standard, in addition to the core values and basic concepts, defines “systems of key tasks that ensure the formation of universal types of educational activities that are adequate to the requirements of the standard for educational outcomes.” These include the requirements for the level of qualifications of teachers, fixed by the Federal State Educational Standard. Schools have been given responsibility for fulfilling the specified requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for the formation of the information educational environment of the school and the organization of training for teachers in the active use of the resources of such an environment. The information educational environment should include electronic educational resources, an “electronic” diary and journal, a school website, and an environment for the electronic portfolio of students and teachers.
Two-level Model of Teacher ICT Competence
The above requirements can be implemented within the framework of a two-level model of teacher ICT competence. The key proposition of this model is the idea that there are two significantly different levels in professional ICT competence – the level of preparedness and the level of implementation.
Often, a teacher who has completed (sometimes several times) advanced training courses in the field of ICT and has sufficient conditions at school for using ICT in professional activities does not do this. At the same time, he successfully passed various tests for readiness to work using ICT. Such a teacher cannot be called ICT-competent, since his knowledge and skills are not translated into activities.
Levels of ICT competence of a modern teacher:
1. Knowledge level (preparedness for activity).
Knowledge level – this is the level of ICT mastery. At the present stage of development of the Russian general education system, this level is the basic level in the formation and subsequent assessment of teachers’ ICT competence. It is characterized by teachers having knowledge, skills and abilities sufficient to use equipment, software and resources in the field of ICT.
At the same time, it is necessary to distinguish between a sublevel of computer literacy, non-specific for educators (including teachers), determined by the current state of ICT and the general level of informatization of society, and professionally oriented sublevels
A. Sublevel of general computer literacy. This is the level general pedagogical knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of application of ICT in educational activities.
-Functional (computer) literacy, providing knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of ICT
-General pedagogical readiness, providing knowledge, skills and abilities to use ICT in teaching activities, invariant with respect to the subjects taught.
b. Sublevel of specific, subject-specific computer literacy
– knowledge, skills and abilities that are specific to the subject area. For example, science teachers should be able to use computer mathematical models of processes related to their subject (and, at a higher level, create such models).
For example, for teachers of natural science subjects (physics, chemistry, biology), the use of computer mathematical modeling methods, especially in the specialized version of teaching, is highly productive; For philologists, computer technologies for text analysis can play a similar role; for historians, database technologies, etc. However, today there are very few school subject teachers with the appropriate level of ICT competence.
2.
Activity level (completed activity)
.
The activity level is the level of ICT use. At this level, functional ICT literacy is effectively and systematically applied by the teacher to solve educational problems.
There are:
A. Sublevel of organizational innovation
b. Sub-level of content innovation
Sublevel of organizational innovation manifests itself in the teacher’s effective implementation of new organizational and technological functionality, in particular
organization and support of network forms of implementation of the educational process;
implementation of distance, part-time, home learning, etc.;
organization and support of training based on individual educational trajectories and individual educational plans of students;
co-organization of different forms of educational activities - classroom, extracurricular, independent, educational and others - into a single educational process;
application of modern education monitoring technologies
Sub-level of content innovation characterized by the systematic, targeted and effective use of ICT resources and electronic educational resources (EER) in achieving a new quality of education. It is aimed at modernizing the educational process in accordance with the concept of “knowledge creation” and is manifested in updating the content of education, teaching methods, and quality assessment systems.
Meaningful innovations include a set of elements:
development and implementation of educational courses based on electronic educational resources (elective courses, educational practices, professional and profile orientation courses, etc.);
implementation of new types of educational activities, which include:
problem-based and project-based approaches to teaching students;-
- organization of the educational process on the basis of independent individual and group activities of students to realize their personal, educational, social and other needs and interests;
organizing student interaction when solving problems and tasks based on ICT;
the use of new diagnostic tools for assessing the quality of education (including integral and subject-specific monitoring of the quality of education, a rating assessment system, a dynamic system for assessing student achievements, etc.).
Meaningful innovations are the most complex and at the same time the most
productive level of both professional competence of the teacher in general and ICT competence. In the field of ICT they have their own specifics. For example, for teachers of natural science subjects (physics, chemistry, biology), the use of computer mathematical modeling methods, especially in the specialized version of teaching, is highly productive; For philologists, computer technologies for text analysis can play a similar role; for historians, database technologies, etc.
However, today there are few school subject teachers with the appropriate level of ICT competence.
The levels of ICT competence described above correspond to the stages of professional development of a modern teacher in the field of ICT.
Knowledge level– the most widespread one, which should be mastered in the near future all without exception teachers.
Level of organizational innovation – this is the level of successful and productive methodological work. Modernization of networks of educational institutions, objectification of the results of educational activities, diversification of forms of education, individualization of curricula - all these and many other aspects of modernization of education require new forms of methodological work based on ICT.
Level of content innovation provides for the design and implementation of local and pilot pedagogical experiments. The levels of ICT competence described above correspond to the stages of professional development of a modern teacher in the field of ICT.
List of subject teacher competencies in the field of ICT
1. Having a general understanding of the didactic capabilities of ICT.
2. Availability of ideas about the unified information space of an educational institution, the purpose and functioning of a PC, information input-output devices, computer networks and the possibilities of their use in the educational process.
3. Availability of ideas about electronic educational resources and trends in the market of electronic publications in the general education sector, focused on subject-professional activities, digital educational resources carried out during the implementation of Federal target programs.
4. Knowledge of the basic methods of introducing digital educational resources into the educational process.
5. Knowledge of techniques for organizing personal information space, operating system interface, techniques for performing file operations, organizing an information and educational environment as a file system, basic techniques for input/output of information, including installation and removal of applications and electronic educational resources.
6. Knowledge of techniques for preparing didactic materials and working documents in accordance with the subject area using office technologies (handouts, presentations, etc.):
- entering text from the keyboard and techniques for formatting it;
- preparation of handouts containing graphic elements, standard techniques for working with vector graphics tools;
- techniques for working with tabular data (compiling lists, information cards, simple calculations);
- techniques for constructing graphs and diagrams;
- methods of creating pedagogically effective presentations (for a lesson, speech at a teacher’s meeting, report, etc.);
7. Knowledge of the simplest techniques for preparing graphic illustrations for visual and didactic materials used in educational activities based on raster graphics:
- techniques for correcting and optimizing raster images for subsequent use in presentations and Web pages;
- techniques for printing images and recording on CD.
8. Proficiency in basic Internet services and technologies in the context of their use in educational activities:
- techniques for navigating and searching for educational information on the WWW, obtaining and storing it for subsequent use in the pedagogical process;
- techniques for working with e-mail and teleconferences;
- techniques for working with file archives;
- techniques for working with Internet pagers (ICQ, AOL, etc.) and other communication technologies.
9. Availability of ideas about technologies and resources for remote support of the educational process and the possibilities of their inclusion in teaching activities.
10. Knowledge of the technological basics of creating a website to support educational activities:
- the presence of ideas about the purpose, structure, navigation tools and design of the website to support educational activities;
- having an idea of the structure of the web page;
- mastery of the simplest website building techniques, providing the ability to present educational information in the form of a website - a file system;
- knowledge of techniques for publishing a website to support educational activities on the Internet.
A teacher is competent in the field of ICT if
searches and selects additional information for training using Internet resources;
participates in the work of network associations of teachers, Internet conferences in order to improve their professional level;
develops computer tests, rating systems for assessing student knowledge based on standard applications and shell programs;
creates teaching aids and materials on electronic media using standard applications and tools;
uses ready-made multimedia developments for educational and educational purposes.
Consultation for educators.
Prepared by: Zakharova Yu.A.
Use of information and communication
technologies in the work of a teacher
A modern child lives in a world of electronic culture. Computers surround young children from birth: at home, in kindergartens, and at the doctor’s office. A powerful flow of new information, advertising, the use of computer technology on television and cinema, the spread of game consoles, and electronic toys have a great influence on the upbringing of a preschooler and his perception of the world around him. A 5-6 year old child can already communicate freely with a personal computer. The nature of his favorite activity – games – also changes significantly. Today's child assimilates only the information that interests him the most, the closest, most familiar to him, the one that evokes pleasant and comfortable feelings. Therefore, one of the means that has a unique opportunity to increase motivation and improve the learning of a modern preschooler, develop his creative abilities and create a positive emotional background of educational activities is the computer. Pedagogical discussions about the introduction of ICT in the educational process have been going on for quite a long time. But in the modern world it is difficult to stand still, therefore, whether we like it or not, ICT is firmly integrated into the educational process of preschool institutions.
The computer has become a necessary and important attribute not only in the life of adults, but also as a means of teaching children. Computer technology is a special direction in working with a child, which can help his development. Now it is not yet sufficiently developed in our country. If the school is actively moving forward, introducing more and more new technologies and methods of using computers, almost every school has computer classes and interactive whiteboards, then in preschool institutions this work is just beginning and, as a rule, at the level of the teacher’s personal interest. I am a supporter of the use of ICT in preparing and conducting direct educational activities, because I believe that in order to communicate with a child in the same language, a teacher must be armed with modern methods and new educational technologies. Even hyperactive children, whose attention is quite difficult to maintain for a long time, receive with great interest the information presented on the big screen, and even accompanied by various games and music. The penetration of modern technologies into educational practice opens up new opportunities.
The goals of using information technologies in the direct educational activities of the teacher:
· make education modern (in terms of the use of technical means);
· bring educational activities closer to the worldview of a modern child, since he watches and listens more than reads and speaks; prefers to use information obtained using technical means;
· establish relationships of mutual understanding and mutual assistance between teacher and student;
· help the teacher to present the material emotionally and figuratively.
· save time for both the teacher and the child, increase the density of educational activities, enrich it with new content.
· The use of ICT allows you to reproduce information simultaneously in the form of:
· text;
· graphic image;
· sound;
· speech;
· video.
All this allows the teacher to create fundamentally new means of child development for children.
Practice has shown that when using ICT, children's interest in classes increases significantly and the level of cognitive abilities increases. The presentation helps to combine a huge amount of demonstration material, freeing from a large volume of paper visual aids, tables, reproductions, art albums, audio and video equipment. Thus, I concluded that for the education of children, a computer can serve as a “raw material”, on the basis of which I can create my own teaching aids, compose my presentations, slide films, carry out my educational projects, thereby creating numerous work options that will help diversify and improve educational activities.
From the abundance of programs, theories, technologies and methods, I selected those that could help me create an integrated system of work, taking into account my individual qualities and the characteristics of the children entrusted to me.
Here are some options for using ICT in the educational process.
Using ICT in working with children:
· Multimedia equipment (creation and demonstration of presentations, slide films, video clips, elements and techniques of graphic images)
Direct educational activities with multimedia support - the teacher uses a computer as an “electronic board”. It uses ready-made electronic slides, videos or multimedia presentations. The use of multimedia presentations is advisable at any stage of educational activity. The teacher can use subject collections (illustrations, photographs, reproductions of paintings by the artists being studied, video excursions, video fragments, interactive models, projecting them on a large screen). Using the capabilities of PowerPoint, I developed presentations of some topics. This program allows you to completely collect all the necessary materials for classes, and then demonstrate them in the desired sequence on the screen. Multimedia presentations make it possible to present educational and developmental material as a system of vivid supporting images filled with comprehensive structured information in an algorithmic order. In this case, various channels of perception are involved, which makes it possible to embed information not only in factual, but also in associative form in the memory of children. Another aspect should be touched upon. No matter how the GCD is developed, much depends on how the teacher prepares for it. It is necessary to think about changing the rhythm, diversifying the forms of activity, thinking about how to pause if necessary, how to ensure a positive emotional background.
The theoretical part is followed by practical work for children. In this part of the activity, options using ICT are also possible. For example, a teacher draws on the board, partially blocking the entire process of depiction and explanation, which negatively affects the quality of the presentation of the material; many questions arise. Also, when the teacher turns away from the board, he involuntarily loses contact with the children. I conclude that this method is not effective, the result is poor. When using computer technology, you can clearly and consistently show image techniques on a large screen. Visible and understandable to everyone.
In addition, you can compare several images on the screen simultaneously and identify their advantages and disadvantages.
· Interactive board (individual work for children, games, creative workshop programs)
Direct educational activities using an interactive whiteboard make it possible to turn the educational process into an exciting game. Children themselves become its participants. In this option, there may be cases when students simultaneously work with the teacher, and at a certain stage they move on to individual work on the board according to the instructions of the teacher. Presenting information on the screen in a playful way arouses great interest in children, and movements, sound, and animation attract attention for a long time. The use of such programs increases the child’s creativity; the ability to operate with symbols on a monitor screen helps optimize the transition from visual-figurative to abstract thinking; the use of creative games creates additional motivation in the formation of educational activities; Individual work with a computer increases the number of situations that a child can solve independently. Such games help to diversify joint activities and make them more emotionally intense. For example, children receive a task: to depict an animal using geometric shapes using an interactive board. The children model animal figures, both realistic and from the fantasy world, thereby reinforcing their knowledge of geometric shapes. Such classes are held rarely, but with what admiration they are perceived by the children. And the teacher saves a lot of time and effort that would have been spent on preparing handouts and tedious cutting out of figures from cardboard.
· Internet resources (selection of visual demonstration materials, music, games, etc. for the lesson, lessons in the form of a virtual excursion with access to the World Wide Web).
Modern education is difficult to imagine without Internet resources. Internet search engines provide teachers with the opportunity to find almost any material on development and learning issues and any photographs and illustrations for classes.
Also, using the Internet, I select a musical composition that corresponds to the topic of educational activities. These can be classical or modern works, songs from children's cartoons. Using a video processing program, it’s easy to create your own clip with slides changing to music, selected for a specific topic.
Direct educational activities with access to the World Wide Web (can be with multimedia or computer support). If the classroom is connected to the Internet, you can offer to conduct a lesson in the form of a virtual excursion, for example, to museums around the world.
Of course, I comply with basic sanitary standards regarding the time preschoolers work at the computer. According to the requirements of SanPiN, direct educational activities using a computer require 10 minutes for children 5 years old, and 15 minutes for children 6-7 years old. When working, children are placed at a distance no closer than 2-3 m and no further than 5-5.5 m from the screen. Educational activities using a computer for children 5-7 years old should be carried out no more than once a day and no more than three times a week. In addition, when preparing multimedia presentations, I use the recommendations of psychologists about the influence of color on the cognitive activity of children, the combination of colors and their quantity. At the end of the lesson I do gymnastics for the eyes.
Use of ICT in methodological work:
· Development, systematization and collection of methodological developments and documentation (long-term plans, notes, games, music selection, etc.)
· Diagnostics of children's creative development (diagrams, graphs, tables)
· Internet resources (e-mail, search engines, electronic conferences)
· Exchange of experience, teaching materials and manuals with leading experts in the field of education around the world
It's no secret that recently, in addition to developments on direct educational activities, calendar and thematic plans, teachers are required to submit a large amount of paper reporting. To do this, you can create subject folders in the operating system with lesson developments, which can be divided into topics. They allow you to save and quickly find a file with documents. With the help of organizing programs, you can keep an individual diary of a child, record various data about him, test results, build charts, and generally track the dynamics of the child’s development. This can be done manually, but the time costs are not comparable. An important aspect of using a computer is maintaining a database of books. Today, a very large number of books on the upbringing and development of children have appeared, many books reflect complex approaches to teaching, others reflect the development of a certain quality, differentiating age categories, etc. Without a database, it is difficult to navigate the literature. E-mail, search engines, and electronic conferences are also becoming an integral part of modern education. On the Internet you can find information on the problems of training and development, about innovative kindergartens, foreign early development institutes, and establish contacts with leading experts in the field of education.
Using ICT in working with teachers:
· Multimedia equipment (creation and demonstration of presentations for consultations and seminars for teachers)
Forms of work with parents:
· Creation of a page with photo lessons on the institution’s website;
· Communication with parents online through the institution’s website;
· Internet resources (posting your notes, consultations, work experience on the institution’s website and on pedagogical websites, maintaining your own blog)
· Demonstration of presentations on organizing work with children;
· Creating your own blog on the Internet;
· Organization of final exhibitions using slide shows of children's works
And these are just some of the opportunities you can take advantage of. It’s hard to imagine how many more interesting things you can learn once you start using ICT in your work.
A teacher who creates or uses information technology is forced to pay great attention to the logic of presenting the material, which has a positive effect on the level of knowledge of students.
The use of information technologies in preschool educational institutions makes it possible to overcome the intellectual passivity of children and makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of the educational activities of preschool educational institutions teachers.
In conclusion, I would like to note that the use of ICT leads to a number of positive effects:
1. Enriches the activity with emotional coloring
2. Psychologically facilitates the process of assimilation
3. Arouses keen interest in the subject of knowledge
4. Expands your general horizons
5. The level of use of visual aids in the classroom is increasing.
6. Frees you from routine manual work;
7. Increases the productivity of the teacher and the child.
Using ICT to organize the activities of a preschool teacher: experience, problems, prospects
Socio-economic changes in Russia have led to the need to modernize many social institutions, and primarily the education system. New tasks set for education today are formulated and presented in the law “On Education of the Russian Federation” and the educational standard of the new generation.
Informatization of education in Russia is one of the most important mechanisms affecting all main directions of modernization of the educational system. Its main task is the effective use of the following major advantages of information and communication technologies:
- the possibility of organizing a cognition process that supports an activity-based approach to the educational process;
- individualization of the educational process while maintaining its integrity;
- creation of an effective management system for information and methodological support of education.
The key directions of the process of informatization of preschool educational institutions are:
1. Organizational:
- modernization of methodological service;
- improvement of the material and technical base;
- creation of a certain information environment.
2. Pedagogical:
- increasing the ICT competence of preschool teachers;
- introduction of ICT into the educational space.
In accordance with the Law “On Education in the Russian Federation,” preschool education is one of the levels of general education. Computerization of school education has a rather long history (about 20 years), but such a widespread use of computers in kindergarten has not yet been observed. At the same time, it is impossible to imagine the work of a teacher without the use of information resources. The use of ICT makes it possible to enrich, qualitatively update the educational process in preschool educational institutions and increase its efficiency.
Areas of application of ICT by preschool teachers
1. Maintaining documentation.
In the process of educational activities, calendar and long-term plans are drawn up and drawn up, material is prepared for the design of the parent corner, diagnostics are carried out and the results are compiled both in printed and electronic form.
2. Methodological work, teacher training.
In the information society, networked electronic resources are the most convenient, fastest and most modern way to disseminate new methodological ideas and teaching aids, available to methodologists and teachers regardless of their place of residence. Information and methodological support in the form of electronic resources can be used when preparing a teacher for classes, to study new techniques, and when selecting visual aids for classes.
It is undeniably important to use ICT technologies both for maintaining documentation and for more effectively conducting methodological work and for improving the level of qualifications of a teacher, but the main thing in the work of a preschool teacher is the conduct of the educational process.
3. Educational process.
The educational process includes:
- organization of direct educational activities of the student,
- organizing joint developmental activities between teachers and children,
- implementation of projects,
- creation of a developmental environment (games, manuals, teaching materials).
In preschool children, visual-figurative thinking predominates. The main principle when organizing the activities of children of this age is the principle of clarity. The use of a variety of illustrative material, both static and dynamic, allows you to quickly achieve the intended goal during direct educational activities and joint activities with children. The use of Internet resources makes it possible to make the educational process information-intensive, entertaining and comfortable.
Classes using ICT.
In such a lesson, only one computer is used as an “electronic board”. At the preparation stage, electronic and information resources are analyzed and the necessary material for the lesson is selected. Sometimes it can be very difficult to find the necessary materials to explain the topic of a lesson, so presentation materials are created using PowerPoint or other multimedia programs.
To conduct such classes, one personal computer (laptop), a multimedia projector, speakers, and a screen are used.
The use of multimedia presentations allows you to make the lesson emotionally charged, interesting, they are an excellent visual aid and demonstration material, which contributes to the good results of the lesson.
With the help of multimedia presentations, children learn complexes of visual gymnastics and exercises to relieve visual fatigue.
Multimedia presentations make it possible to present educational and developmental material as a system of vivid supporting images filled with comprehensive structured information in an algorithmic order. In this case, various channels of perception are involved, which makes it possible to embed information not only in factual, but also associative form in the memory of children.
The purpose of this presentation of developmental and educational information is to form a system of mental images in children. Presenting material in the form of a multimedia presentation reduces learning time and frees up children's health resources.
The use of multimedia presentations in the classroom makes it possible to build the educational process on the basis of psychologically correct modes of functioning of attention, memory, mental activity, humanization of the content of learning and pedagogical interactions, reconstruction of the learning and development process from the standpoint of integrity.
The basis of any modern presentation is to facilitate the process of visual perception and memorization of information with the help of vivid images. The forms and place of use of a presentation in a lesson depend on the content of this lesson and the goal set by the teacher.
The use of computer slide presentations in the process of teaching children has the following advantages:
- Implementation of polysensory perception of material;
- The ability to demonstrate various objects using a multimedia projector and projection screen in a many times enlarged form;
- Combining audio, video and animation effects into a single presentation helps compensate for the amount of information children receive from educational literature;
- The ability to demonstrate objects that are more accessible to the intact sensory system;
- Activation of visual functions and eye abilities of the child;
- Computer presentation slide films are convenient to use for displaying information in the form of printouts in large font on a printer as handouts for classes with preschoolers.
The use of multimedia presentations allows you to make classes emotionally charged, attractive, arouse keen interest in the child, and are an excellent visual aid and demonstration material, which contributes to the good results of the lesson. For example, the use of presentations in classes in mathematics, music, and familiarization with the outside world ensures that children are active when examining, examining, and visually identifying the signs and properties of objects; methods of visual perception, examination, and identifying qualitative, quantitative, and spatio-temporal features in the objective world are formed. and properties, visual attention and visual memory develop.
The use of ICT does not provide for teaching children the basics of computer science and computer technology.
An important rule when organizing such classes is their frequency. Classes should be held 1-2 times a week, depending on the age of the children, for 10-15 minutes of direct activity at the PC.
The introduction of information technologies has advantages before traditional means of teaching:
1. ICT makes it possible to expand the use of electronic learning tools, as they transmit information faster.
2. Movements, sound, animation attract children's attention for a long time and help increase their interest in the material being studied. The high dynamics of the lesson contributes to the effective assimilation of material, the development of memory, imagination, and creativity of children.
3. Provides clarity, which promotes perception and better memorization of material, which is very important, given the visual-figurative thinking of preschool children. In this case, three types of memory are included: visual, auditory, motor.
4. Slideshows and video clips allow you to show those moments from the outside world that are difficult to observe: for example, the growth of a flower, the rotation of planets around the Sun, the movement of waves, it’s raining.
5. You can also simulate life situations that are impossible or difficult to show and see in everyday life (for example, reproducing the sounds of nature; the operation of transport, etc.).
6. ICT is an additional opportunity to work with children with disabilities.
With all the constant advantages of using ICT in preschool education, the following problems arise:
1. Protecting the child's health.
Recognizing that the computer is a new powerful tool for the development of children, it is necessary to remember the commandment “DO NO HARM!” The use of ICT in preschool institutions requires careful organization of both the classes themselves and the entire regime as a whole in accordance with the age of the children and the requirements of the Sanitary Rules.
When computers and interactive equipment operate indoors, specific conditions are created: humidity decreases, air temperature rises, the number of heavy ions increases, and electrostatic voltage in the area of children’s hands increases. The intensity of the electrostatic field increases when finishing the cabinet with polymer materials. The floor must have an antistatic coating, and the use of carpets and rugs is not allowed.
To maintain an optimal microclimate, prevent the accumulation of static electricity and deterioration of the chemical and ionic composition of the air, it is necessary to: ventilate the office before and after classes, wet cleaning before and after classes. We conduct classes with older preschoolers once a week in subgroups. In his work, a teacher must necessarily use a set of eye exercises.
2. Insufficient ICT – teacher competence.
The teacher must not only perfectly know the content of all computer programs, their operational characteristics, the user interface of each program (the specific technical rules for operating with each of them), but also understand the technical characteristics of the equipment, be able to work in basic application programs, multimedia programs and the network Internet.
If the ECE team manages to solve these problems, then ICT technologies will become a great help.
The use of information technology helps to increase children's learning motivation and leads to a number of positive consequences:
- enriching children with knowledge in its figurative-conceptual integrity and emotional coloring;
- facilitating the process of learning material by preschoolers;
- arousing keen interest in the subject of knowledge;
- expanding the general horizons of children;
- increasing the level of use of visuals in the classroom;
- increasing teacher productivity.
It is undeniable that in modern education the computer does not solve all problems; it remains just a multifunctional technical teaching tool. No less important are modern pedagogical technologies and innovations in the learning process, which make it possible not only to “invest” in each child a certain stock of knowledge, but, first of all, to create conditions for the manifestation of his cognitive activity. Information technologies, in combination with properly selected (or designed) teaching technologies, create the necessary level of quality, variability, differentiation and individualization of training and education.
So, the use of information technology tools will make the process of learning and development of children quite simple and effective, free them from routine manual work, and open up new opportunities for early education.
Informatization of education opens up new opportunities for teachers to widely introduce new methodological developments into pedagogical practice aimed at intensifying and implementing innovative ideas in educational, educational and correctional processes. Recently, information and communication technologies (ICT) have become a good assistant for teachers in organizing educational and correctional work.
The use of information technologies in education makes it possible to significantly enrich and qualitatively update the educational process in preschool education and increase its efficiency.
List of used literature
- Management of innovation processes in preschool educational institutions. – M., Sfera, 2008.
- Horwitz Y., Pozdnyak L. Who should work with a computer in kindergarten. Preschool education, 1991, No. 5.
- Kalinina T.V. DOW management. “New information technologies in preschool childhood.” M, Sfera, 2008.
- Ksenzova G.Yu. Promising school technologies: educational and methodological manual. - M.: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2000.
- Motorin V. "Educational capabilities of computer games." Preschool education, 2000, no. 11.
- Novoselova S.L. Computer world of a preschooler. M.: New School, 1997.