The theme of the Great Patriotic War is an unusual topic... Unusual because it will never cease to excite people, awakening old wounds and souls with heartache. Unusual because memory and history merged into one.
The Great Patriotic War is a huge emotional wound in human hearts. This tragedy began on the twenty-second of June, one thousand nine hundred forty-one, and ended four years later, after four difficult years - on the ninth of May, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five.
This war remains in our memory as the greatest war in history. War... How much this word means. War is the suffering of mothers, hundreds of thousands of dead soldiers, thousands of orphans and families without fathers... We are children of peacetime, and it is difficult for us to imagine how our peers could fight in war. But they fought, knowing how to face mortal danger. They gave their lives for the fate of their Motherland, for their families. War is a terrible word, because war means blood, pain, and the bitterness of loss.
People who went through the war remembered her eyes, full of tears, grief and death. War is terrible not only because it kills millions of people. It cripples survivors and breaks their psyche. How to heal a crippled soul, relieve a heart filled to the brim with horror, blood, soaked in someone else’s and your own unbearable pain? Much has been written and much has been told about the Great Patriotic War.
Fortunately, we only know about the war from hearsay: from films, books, and memoirs of veterans, of whom there are fewer and fewer every year. Our veterans are an amazing generation. They fought to the death and won in fierce battles even when the earth was burning, stones were crumbling, and iron was melting. And despite everything, they retained the ability to sympathize with the pain of others, to sympathize, to be and remain human in any, even the most inhuman, conditions.
Veterans are unusual people. They are for us an example of courage and resilience, endurance and mutual assistance, perseverance and optimism. They showed what true friendship and camaraderie should be. And it’s even difficult for us to imagine that the elderly warriors were the same as us: they loved and wanted to be loved, they laughed, they rejoiced, they believed in a happy future. The people who went through the Great Patriotic War had to endure a lot, but they, the front-line soldiers, cannot be considered a generation with a broken soul. There are only a few of them left: those who saw with their own eyes, those who felt gunpowder, blood and fear, those who survived the Great Patriotic War.
I want to write about one of these people, our fellow countryman.
Gubarev Alexander Timofeevich- a war veteran who lived in the village of Belyaevka. Everyone in the village loved and respected him, he was always a kind person. Alexander Timofeevich was born on May 18, 1922. He comes from a strong peasant family with five children. Alexander's father, originally from the Tambov region, worked as a groom in the village of Belyaevka, but it was very difficult to feed his family. The collective farm did not pay any money, and he transferred to the Studenovsky state farm, where they paid wages. When he exchanged a block of oil for lubricating wheels for a horse clamp, Timofey was taken by the NKVD and sent by convoy to Vladivostok, where he disappeared without a trace. The family lost its breadwinner, and difficult days came. At the age of nine, my younger sister Maria had to be given to a nanny in the village. Turks. Alexander was eleven years old. He began working on a collective farm, harrowing bulls full-time.
Brother Nikolai was the first to go to defend his homeland. In the summer of 1940, it was the turn of the second brother. From Balashov, from the shores of his native Khopr, Alexander Gubarev was sent to the Voronezh region as part of the 47th reserve regiment. In front of the Liski station, the train was bombed by planes. Those who remained alive were grouped and sent on foot to Stalingrad. We mostly walked at night, since the attack by enemy planes took place during the day. In Stalingrad, Alexander met with his fellow countryman Ivanov E. We slept in the trenches in the snow, we even had to sleep on bare ground; when we woke up in the morning, we noticed that our overcoat was frozen. Alexander was always well-fed at the front, since he exchanged his front-line hundred grams for crackers, and shag for sugar. Once I had to observe the following picture: our T-34 tank drove along a ravine closer to the Germans’ location, conducted reconnaissance for the battle, emerging from the ravine, fired at the positions and retreated back into the ravine. In one of these maneuvers, the tank stalled closer to the German position. The Germans, having stopped shelling, directed their tank towards ours. The enemy tank caught the T-34 and dragged it to its position. Our soldiers watched this picture in horror. The driver-mechanic of our tank was not taken aback and turned on the gear, the tank started from the tug, then switching gears forward, the T-34 dragged the enemy tank to its position under the general jubilation of our soldiers and great regretYu Germans. The enemy tank was captured by us.
Alexander Timofeevich's military profession is a sapper assigned to the reconnaissance company of the 79th battalion of the 220th rifle division. During the crossing of the Dnieper in 1943, on one of the islands where Zaporozhye Cossacks used to live, he was seriously wounded. For a long time he was treated in front-line hospitals. He was demobilized from Romania on December 27, 1945, where he guarded the transshipment railway station in the city of Seget from attacks by Bandera. He had military awards: medal “For Courage”, “For the Defense of Stalingrad”, “For Victory over Germany”.
In 1941, brother Nikolai was seriously wounded and unconscious, and died in captivity of the Germans. During the war, Sergei’s younger brother was taken to the FZO; he fled home and worked for the benefit of his village. Timofeevich returned from the front in the fall of 1946.
After the front, harsh everyday life on collective farms began. Due to his injury, Alexander was assigned to “light labor.” He worked as a carpenter on a farm, worked as a farmer in the fields, carried milk, and at the same time mail. In 1950, he built his own house and found his other half. In 1954 A.T. Gubarev once and for all chose his main career path - postman of the Ryazan post office. Under his command there were three settlements: Belyaevka, Krasnye Solontsy and Panovka (the last two have not been on the map of the Turkovsky district for a long time). There was a lot of mail. Letters, newspapers, parcels to almost every home. People wrote a lot. Alexander Timofeevich's postal experience is 28 years. He had labor awards: “Badge of Honor”, “Winner of Socialist Competitions”, “Veteran of Labor”. He retired in the mid-80s. He was a very active person. He worked actively in his garden, weaving baskets, and preparing firewood. Died on…. year of life.
Every year we move further and further away from the war era. But time has no power over what people experienced during the war. It was a very difficult time. The Soviet soldier knew how to boldly look mortal danger in the eye. By his will, his blood, victory was achieved over a strong enemy. There are no limits to the greatness of his feat in the name of the Motherland.
I, like all my peers, do not know war. I don’t know and I don’t want war. But those who died did not want it, not thinking about death, about the fact that they would no longer see the sun, grass, leaves, or children. I believe that our generation has never been able to repeat the feat of our ancestors.
Although if you think about it, it was not so long ago, and the scary thing is that many people already forget it. It's a pity...
People! You must remember those who accomplished this feat in the name of our Motherland.
Yu. A. Gagarin's flight into space was preceded by the most intense work of the entire Soviet people after the defeat of Nazi Germany to preserve the country's independence in the face of a new enemy - the United States. It is known that after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (where about 200 thousand civilians died), the United States, counting on its monopoly in the field of nuclear weapons, wanted to bring the USSR to its knees and considered the issue of bombing the USSR with 10-20 atomic bombs, assessing our human losses of 2 million people.
Thanks to the scientific and technical successes of physicists led by I.V. Kurchatov, who created more powerful nuclear weapons, thanks to the creation of a powerful nuclear industry, the US plans failed. It became clear that delivering nuclear weapons for bombing critical targets by air was ineffective.
At the beginning of 1946, J.V. Stalin held a meeting of the Council of Ministers on the issue of creating missile weapons in the USSR. On it, he asks the Minister of Aviation Industry P.V. Dementyev whether the ministry is ready to take on this task. He replied that if this question from Stalin was not a direct indication, he would like to focus on the development of the aviation industry, and not develop a new direction. When Stalin asked which minister was ready to take on this task, Dmitry Fedorovich Ustinov (appointed Minister of Armaments at the age of 33, 2 weeks before the start of the Great Patriotic War, and before that had worked for 3 years as director of the Leningrad Bolshevik plant) immediately agreed. ", where over the years the production of military products has increased 2.3 times).
Already in May 1946, a government decree was issued, initiating the creation of a rocket industry in the USSR. In Kaliningrad, near Moscow, the Head Institute for Rocketry was formed, in which, along with the research departments of ballistics, strength, aerodynamics, and materials science, the design bureaus of S. P. Korolev (who was 40 years old) and A. M. Isaev were created.
It should be noted the caring attitude of the Soviet state towards science and education. Despite the difficult post-war times, students had scholarships that allowed them not only to devote themselves entirely to their studies, but also to attend cinemas, theaters (galleries), and stadiums. One example: if one of the students at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, which I graduated from, went into the dining room without money, he could take bread, sauerkraut and fresh cabbage, carrots, beets, tea with sugar for free. Young engineers annually, for 3 years, underwent certification, at which their work was assessed, often with proposals for salary increases and placement in the reserve for a higher position. Many of them became senior engineers, heads of groups, stands, and brigades by the end of the three-year period.
Of course, it is necessary to note the outstanding role of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev both as the organizer of the collective work of the Chief Designers (through the Council of Chief Designers, which he headed), and as the Chief Designer of the first ballistic missiles (including intercontinental missiles) and spacecraft. His proposed transition to the scheme of the so-called “transverse” separation of stages (before that, a scheme of “longitudinal”, alternate separation of stages was used), when all the side blocks of the rocket were separated immediately after using the fuel, increased the reliability of the separation system and, most importantly, significantly “shortened” the rocket , making it much tougher. Largely thanks to this idea, in 1957 the newspaper Pravda reported the launch of the first intercontinental ballistic missile in the USSR.
S.P. Korolev supported the proposal of ballistics specialists (in my opinion, led by M.K. Tikhonravov) to launch into orbit an artificial Earth satellite that would transmit signals to the whole world indicating the achievements of the USSR in space. A decisive role for manned space flight was played by Korolev’s proposal to use a sphere as the shape of the first Vostok descent module. When using this form, the device performed a so-called ballistic descent in the atmosphere. The overloads on the astronaut when passing through dense layers of the atmosphere (about 5 minutes) exceeded 10g. If the astronaut's body were located along the trajectory, such overloads would lead to the separation of internal organs.
S.P. Korolev’s employees proposed positioning the cosmonaut across the action of such overloads so that the organs protected the ribs. Due to the use of a spherical shape, there was no need to develop a complex control system for the vehicle, and for many years of aerodynamic and strength testing (which arose for descent vehicles with aerodynamic quality, such as the Mercury and Soyuz vehicles later were).
It is impossible to convey in words the general joy of our people from the news of the flight and successful landing of the Vostok spacecraft with Yu. A. Gagarin, the general joy of Muscovites from meeting him. In the morning, on the day of Gagarin’s arrival in Moscow, I was unexpectedly invited by the director of NII-88, Georgy Aleksandrovich Tyulin (whose deputy in his specialty, the head of the aerogasdynamic complex, became in 1960 at the age of 29), who gave me tickets to the stands of Red Square and to reception in the Kremlin (pictured). Our places were at tables in the Faceted Chamber (where there were many employees of the organizations of S.P. Korolev and A.M. Isaev). The more distinguished guests (members of the government, the Supreme Council, the Central Committee of the CPSU, famous scientists and artists) were in the St. George's Hall. There was a buffet reception, all the guests, except members of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee and the family of Yu. A. Gagarin, stood.
After the main welcoming toasts, when members of the Politburo began to leave the reception, the doors of the St. George's Hall opened, and S.P. Korolev and his wife appeared in our room. Suddenly, he took a napkin from the table and offered his wife a game of blind man's buff, constantly bumping into the numerous columns of the Chamber of Facets. Apparently, in this way he tried to throw off the burden of responsibility and tension that had lain on him for many years. And a couple of hours later, leaving the reception, I saw S.P. Korolev and M.V. Keldysh sitting on a bench near the wardrobe and discussing some new problems...
Man's entry into open space, orbital stations in earth's orbit, acquaintance with the Moon, Mars, Venus, distant planets of the solar system and other galaxies - an incomplete list of sections of the fascinating chronicle called "Space Exploration" created by humanity, which began with the chapter "First human flight into space."
Media Department
and public relations,
Internet Center
MBOU "Voznesenskaya secondary school"
Sretensky readings
Nomination “Feats of faith during the Great Patriotic War”
Essay
on the topic
"Feat in the name of humanity"
Completed by: Grachev Roman,
7th grade student
Head: Akimkina N.V.,
OPK teacher
r.p. Voznesenskoye
Introduction...…………………………………………………………………………………..……….3
1.Two sergeants…………………………………………………………………………………4
Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov ………………………………………………………...4
1.2 Post-war years of Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov ……………………………..5
1.3 Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov ………………………………………………………6
1.4 Post-war years of Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov……………………………7
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..8-9
References……………………………………………………………...10
Applications………………………………………………………………………………….....11-17
Introduction
On February 2, Victory Day in the Battle of Stalingrad is celebrated, marking the 72nd anniversary of its end. Annex 1.
Stalingrad was the beginning of a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War. But before this victory there were defeats near Kharkov, the abandonment of Sevastopol, and a retreat from Rostov to Stalingrad. Terrible bombing of the city on August 23. The assault on the city on September 13 and October 14, 1942 and the terrible suffering at the front, when the entire city became a battlefield. Appendix 2. Often opponents were separated by a wall, floor or landing . Appendix 3. The fight was for every street, every factory, every house, basement or staircase. . Appendix 4. Even individual buildings were included on the maps and given names: Pavlov's House, the Mill, the Department Store, the prison, the Zabolotny House, the Milk House, the House of Specialists and others.
Mamaev Kurgan and Railway Station changed hands several times .
How many quiet and unnoticeable feats of love for one’s neighbor were there in those years among the people?, no one can count! Knowing about the commandments of Christ or not knowing about them, many of our people during the war they observed them: Greater love has no one to have, but whoever lays down his life for his friends (John 15:13); He who finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for My sake will find it (Matt. 10:39 ).
Among them were two sergeants - the namesakes of the Pavlovs: Yakov Fedotovich and Ivan Dmitrievich - defenders of Stalingrad. Appendix 5.6. There are popular assumptions that the defender of the famous House of Pavlov was the confessor of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Archimandrite Kirill, in the world Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov. I was very interested in who of them defended the House of Specialists and after which of them this house was later named.
I set myself a goal - to explore the fates of these people. I considered it my task to collect and analyze materials from Archimandrite Kirill Pavlov, as well as the hero of the Battle of Stalingrad, Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov.
An interesting confusion occurred in some literary publications with sergeants Pavlov. Of course, the prevalence of the Pavlov surname played a role here.
After conducting this research, I found out that Yakov Pavlov, the defender of the Stalingrad House of Pavlov, and Archimandrite Kirill (in the world Ivan Pavlov) are different people. The fate of both one and the other is very interesting.
1. Two sergeants
1.1. Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov.
Stalingrad sergeant Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov was the commander of the machine gun squad of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Division of General Rodimtsev, who defended the famous House of Specialists for 58 days.
In the old days, every schoolchild knew about this House.
On September 13, 1942, the Germans attacked the center of Stalingrad. The 13th Guards Division of General Rodimtsev miraculously managed to stop the enemy rushing towards the Volga, just a few hundred meters from the shore, on the January 9 Square. Appendix 7. When there was a break, we noticed that the dark gray House of Specialists remained in the neutral zone. From time to time, automatic and machine gun fire could be heard from there. Appendix 8.9.
It was decided to send reconnaissance. The choice fell on Sergeant Yakov Pavlov. Together with Corporal V.S. Glushchenko and privates A.P. Alexandrov and N.Ya. Black-headed, the fearless sergeant went to the house. There, in the basement where local residents were hiding, the scouts met with medical instructor Dmitry Kalinin and two wounded soldiers. There were also few Germans in the house yet. Moving from one apartment to another, from floor to floor, the scouts knocked out the Nazis.
The house of specialists was considered one of the most prestigious in Stalingrad. Leaders of industrial enterprises and party workers lived in it. From the house a direct road led to the Volga.
The German positions were clearly visible from the house. Having assessed the situation, Sergeant Pavlov decided that it was impossible to leave here. Early in the morning the scouts took the first enemy attack. For almost two months, fifty-eight days, the Germans stormed Pavlov’s House and were never able to take it.
This is, of course, a miracle...
The German army, which had easily traveled many thousands of kilometers, captured dozens of countries, was stuck in front of an ordinary four-story house on Stalingradskaya Street, and was unable to pass the last meters leading to the Volga.
“Like an indestructible bastion, Pavlov’s House stood in the enemy’s path, defended only by a handful of Soviet soldiers,” General A.I. later wrote. Rodimtsev. “He became a symbol of the tenacity and courage of the defenders of Stalingrad.”
1.2. Post-war life of Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov
In 1944, Yakov Fedotovich joined the Communist Party. He met victory with the rank of foreman, and on June 27, 1945, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the feat accomplished in Stalingrad. After the war, Yakov Fedotovich graduated from the Higher Party School under the CPSU Central Committee and worked in the national economy, was elected three times to the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, and was awarded the Orders of Lenin and the October Revolution.
In 1980, he was awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of Volgograd.” Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov died in 1981 and was buried in Novgorod. Appendix 10.
1.3. Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov
In those very September days, when the Germans attacked Stalingrad with all the might of their armies, another sergeant, Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov, also defended the city on the Volga. He was two years younger than his heroic namesake, but his military path turned out to be longer, because it began in the Finnish War. And, like Yakov Fedotovich in the House on January 9 Square, Ivan Dmitrievich also found his fate in the ruins of the Stalingrad house. From the very beginning of the war he participated in hostilities as a soldier and infantry sergeant. The most difficult military test for 22-year-old Sergeant Pavlov was waiting for the general Battle of Stalingrad in a trench, in the snow, almost without water and food under constant enemy fire for a whole month. And, after the liberation of Stalingrad, an event occurred that finally changed his life. One day, while on guard duty, among the ruins of a house, Sergeant Pavlov picked up a book from a pile of bricks, began to read it and felt, as he later recalled, “something so dear to the soul.” This was the Gospel.
Ivan Dmitrievich collected all his leaves together and never parted with the found Book. Thus began his journey to God. “I walked with the Gospel and was not afraid...,” Father recalls. “The Lord was simply next to me, and I was not afraid of anything.” With his part Fr. Kirill reached Austria. Sergeant Ivan Pavlov was awarded the Order of Glory and medals. In 1946, he was demobilized in Hungary and came to Moscow. Appendix 6.
So yesterday's sergeant became a seminarian. After completing the seminary, he studied at the Moscow Theological Academy, and in 1953 he took monastic vows.
It was not Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov who graduated from the Theological Academy in 1954, but Hieromonk Kirill.
Having graduated from the Theological Seminary of the Novo-Devichiy Monastery, on August 25, 1954, he took monastic vows at the Holy Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius. Appendix 14.
Thus began Archimandrite Kirill’s many years of prayerful feat. At first he was a sexton (1954), and in 1970 he was appointed treasurer of the Lavra (until 1965) and fraternal confessor (to the present). Appendix 11.
Spiritually cared for His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II. Archimandrite Kirill was awarded the church orders of St. Sergius and St. Prince Vladimir.
1.4 Post-war life of Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov
The whole life of Archimandrite Kirill was connected with the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Archimandrite Kirill became the confessor of the entire brethren of the main monastery of Russia. It was Elder Kirill who confessed to the now deceased Patriarchs Alexy and Pimen. He was the confessor of Alexy II. Applications 12,13.
The elder almost never visited the Lavra for a long time - he lived in Peredelkino, at the residence of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus'. Applications 15,16.
The elder prefers not to talk about his military past. Father Kirill, like St. Sergius of Radonezh in former times, is the guardian of the purity of Orthodoxy and the traditions of Russian monasticism. Believers from all over Russia flocked to him at the Sergius Monastery. People came to the priest with their sorrows, requests, problems, and everyone received consolation, help, advice, guidance and, leaving, pressed a paper icon, book or candy to their hearts. Appendixes 17-18. In his instructions and wishes, he assigned a large role to love for the Motherland, for neighbors, obedience and respect for parents, meekness and patience. He is now 95 years old. Father Kirill is very sick.
The Greek bishop, visiting the sick elder, said: “Archimandrite Kirill is now crucified on a suffering cross - one for all of Russia.” This means that the persistent and strong-willed guard lieutenant, Hero of the Soviet Union in the world Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov, and in monasticism the good-natured fraternal confessor of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, Archimandrite Kirill, is again repeating his Stalingrad feat.
Conclusion
Stalingrad is a place where many found faith .
It was during the tragic months of 1942 that soldiers, officers and many generals of the active army, baptized and unbaptized, remembered God. To them, who lived for many years in an atmosphere of atheism, at the front - in blood and dirt, amid all the horrors of the war, the faith of their fathers began to return. Retreat to the Volga, leaving vast territories to the enemy, the bitterness of large losses at the front. Death of innocent civilians. Grief for the dead relatives and friends called for a rethinking of the spiritual reasons for the war with the Germans. This is how Russian people are designed - the more menacing the danger, the more firmly he grasps the saving banner of the holy faith, remembering what seems to be forever forgotten prayers.
“Oh, Who is able to turn night into day, and the earth into a flower garden!
Make everything difficult for me easy and help me.”
After Chuikov’s death, in his archive, among the marshal’s personal documents next to his party and military ID, this personal prayer of his was discovered. Appendix 19.
There is documentary evidence of a heavenly sign in the sky of Stalingrad. On November 11, 1942, the Most Holy Theotokos appeared in Stalingrad, which in fact was the turning point in the war, which we can now talk about. To say that we know the day of the turning point of the war, not in an earthly, but in a spiritual sense. This phenomenon was simultaneously both in heaven and on earth - or rather, some saw Her in heaven, others on earth. It is also clear that the Germans also witnessed this miracle. The unit that achieved the miracle was under the command of the legendary commander Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov.
“When I saw the Mother of God in the sky, it immediately became clear to me that I would not die and would return home alive. The confidence in victory never left. I carried the full-length vision of the Mother of God in the autumn sky of Stalingrad like a shield throughout my entire life at the front” (from the memoirs of one of the defenders of Stalingrad, who saw the appearance of the Mother of God.) Appendix 20.
The victorious end of the months-long Stalingrad epic on February 2, 1943 was marked not only by a rally in the city on February 4, but also by thanksgiving services in many places in Russia.
Popular legend says that in Stalingrad, in one of the undestroyed churches that was hastily brought into acceptable shape, a thanksgiving prayer service was served. And the first candle was lit by Army Commander Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov.
From time immemorial, Russian soldiers, from soldier to field marshal, knew: if the Lord granted them victory in battle, then this success is a manifestation of God’s mercy, the intercession of the Mother of God and the saints of God.
Appendices 21-26.
Bibliography
1. Compiled by: priest Kuznetsov V. and Dudarev V. “Archimandrite Kirill (Pavlov) Closer to God!”, Russian writer, Moscow, 2004, pp. 123-129.
2. Bekhtereva E. " Kirill (In the world Pavlov Ivan Dmitrievich) Public figure.” Institute of Russian Civilization, M., 2004.
3. Konyaev N., “Russia stands on sergeants Pavlov”, St. Petersburg, 2004.
4. Internet resources.
Appendix 1 Appendix 2
Frontline suffering
Appendix 3 Appendix 4
The fight was for the street, for every house
Appendix 5 Appendix 6
Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov
Appendix 7 Appendix 8
General Dom Pavlova
Rodimtsev Alexander Ilyich
Appendix 9 Appendix 10
Monument to Pavlov's House Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov-
Hero of the Soviet Union
Appendix 11 Appendix 12
Archimandrite Kirill Patriarch Pimen
(Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov)
Appendix 13 Appendix 14
Patriarch AlexyI I Trinity-Sergius Lavra
Appendix 15 Appendix 16
Peredelkino Father Kirill
Appendix 17 Appendix 18
People flocked to him for help during the service
believers from all over Russia
Appendix 19 Appendix 20
Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov - Appearance of the Mother of God during
Marshal, twice hero of the Soviet-Battle of Stalingrad
Russian Union
Appendix 21 Appendix 22
Appendix 23 Appendix 24
Memorial complex "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad"
Appendix 25 Appendix 26
Modern look Eternal memory to the defenders
Pavlov's houses of Stalingrad, who died for the Motherland!
Class hour
Feat in the name of the Motherland.
Target: nurturing the patriotic qualities of students’ personalities, developing the ability to actively defend their point of view, revealing the concepts of “heroism” and “hero”.
Progress of the lesson
Fatherland, Fatherland, Motherland. There are no such words in any language in the world.
This cup belongs to the Fatherland, friends!
The country where we are for the first time
Tasted the sweetness of life,
Fields, native hills,
Sweet light of the native sky,
Familiar streams
Golden games of the first years
And the first years of lessons,
What will replace your charm,
Oh, holy homeland?
What heart does not tremble,
Blessing you? (V. Zhukovsky)
The word feat cannot be translated into any other language. A feat in the name of the Fatherland, a feat in the name of the Fatherland, a feat in the name of the Motherland. Feat, move. There is movement in these words. This is a movement of the soul, a movement of the heart. Driven by love for the Motherland, a person gives his life for it. Only the strong-willed can do this!
The war of 1941-1945 was the most brutal, bloodiest war that humanity has known.
There's a song playing"Little Trumpeter"Music by S. Nikitin Words by S. Krylov
There is war all around, and this little one
All the doctors laughed at him:
“What good is a little one like that?
Well, maybe only as trumpeters.”
What about him? It’s okay!
Well, a trumpeter, a trumpeter!
How nice, no need to bow
All the bullets are whistling above you
It will pass everywhere, but will not part
With your polished pipe.
And why? Yes because
That's how it's supposed to be for him.
But one day in the autumn rains
In a strange steppe, in a strange unknown land
The regiment found itself surrounded.
And the commander died in battle.
Well, how can it be, oh, how can it be,
Well, trumpeter, should you trumpet?
And the trumpeter stood up in the smoke and flames,
He pressed his pipe to his lips,
And behind the pipe the whole regiment is wounded
The Internationale began to sing.
And the regiment followed the trumpeter,
An ordinary trumpet player...
Soldier, soldier, we are not supposed to
And it’s true that there, cry, don’t cry, -
In a foreign steppe, in unmown grass
There's a little trumpeter left...
Listen carefully.
(Listening to the song. Discussing the lyrics of the song)
At the fronts, with weapons in hand, in partisan detachments with grenades and Molotov cocktails, behind enemy lines, in factories, in the fields, at machine tools, adults and children forged victory. Who could and how could.
Screening of fragments of the film “Children of War”
Before the war, these were ordinary boys and girls. We studied, helped our elders, played, ran, and broke our noses and knees. Only their relatives, classmates and friends knew their names.
The hour has come - they showed how huge a small child’s heart can become when a sacred love for the Motherland and hatred for enemies flares up in it.
Boys. Girls. Little heroes of the big war. They fought everywhere. (At sea - Borya Kuleshin, in the partisan detachment - Lenya Golikov, in the Brest Fortress - Valya Zenkin)
Did you bequeath to them the Motherland to perish?
Life promised, love promised, Motherland?
Are children born for death, Motherland?
The flame hit the sky - do you remember Motherland.
She quietly said “get up to help..” - Motherland.
Nobody asked you for fame, Motherland.
Everyone simply had a choice: me or the Motherland.
The best and dearest thing is the Motherland.
Your grief is our grief, Motherland.
Your truth is our truth, Motherland.
Your glory is our glory of the Motherland.
Their matured childhood was filled with such trials that even a very talented writer would have thought them up - it would have been hard to believe. But it was. It happened in the history of our big country, it happened in the destinies of its small citizens. And people called them heroes!
We will honor the memory of the young heroes who died for the happiness and freedom of our Motherland with a minute of silence.
Today we learn from them selfless love for the Motherland, courage and dignity, courage and perseverance. There is a peaceful sky above us. In the name of this, millions of sons and daughters of the Motherland gave their lives. And among them are those who would be as old as we are today.
And let everyone ask themselves the question: “Could I do this?”
– and having answered himself sincerely and honestly, he will think about how to live and study today in order to be worthy of the memory of his peers.
Questions:
Is it possible to accomplish a feat in peacetime?
Why are people ready to perform a feat?
What feats can be accomplished in our
Everyday life?
Teacher: We look up to the exploits of past years, but life does not stand still. And today there is a place for feat and courage.
Teacher: A hero is not only a soldier, a doctor or a fireman: even a child can accomplish real feats. How often in everyday life do we hear the expression: “You are my hero!” This is what a loving mother calls a baby who takes his first steps in life.
The courage not to deviate from the intended goal, the courage to stand up for the truth, to defend the weak, to perform feats, overcoming oneself.