M. Yu. Lermontov first visited Hot Waters in 1820 with his grandmother E. A. Arsenyeva. Then he was a 6-year-old boy. In 1837 he was exiled to the Caucasus, where at first he lived in Pyatigorsk. His impressions of that time are perfectly reflected in the famous story “Princess Mary,” the fourth part of the novel “A Hero of Our Time.”
During his stay in these places in 1840-1841, Mikhail Lermontov wrote his works “The Prophet” and “I Go Out Alone on the Road,” as well as many other equally famous works. It so happened that it was in this city that the life of the young poet was tragically cut short.
Today, numerous guests of the city make fascinating excursions to Lermontov’s places in Pyatigorsk, not forgetting to bow to the monument to the poet, visit the “Lermontov House”, and also visit the site of that terrible duel that killed the talented young writer.
General information about Pyatigorsk
Pyatigorsk is not only a resort town with wonderful nature. It is also deeply historical: it contains numerous cultural, archaeological and historical monuments. It is especially famous because many Russian poets and writers visited these places. But the great poet Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov left a special mark here.
Lermontov in the Caucasus
My grandmother brought little Mikhail to the Caucasus, starting from the time of the emergence of a resort with mineral springs. Her sister, General Khastatova, lived here, with whom they stayed for a period of rest (1820, 1825). These two trips played an important role in the development of the future poet.
The life of the young poet is closely intertwined with the events that took place in that city at that time, with its history. Lermontov places in Pyatigorsk (see photo in the article) are numerous and interesting. Connections with the Caucasus and with became significant events in those days for the poet himself, and today for the entire region and country.
The amazingly long road across all of Russia, the magnificent Caucasian landscapes, the local ethnicity and folklore of the peoples of the Caucasus, communication with local people and wounded soldiers - all this impressed little Misha. To all his childhood impressions of the Caucasus, true, bright love was subsequently added, the memories of which were preserved in his heart until his very last days. For him, the Caucasus Mountains became “sacred”.
Lermontov visited Pyatigorsk three more times: in 1837, 1840 and 1841. These visits are connected with the poet’s treatment during periods of exile in the Caucasus. During short holidays between being treated and in the army, he wrote his great works. Here he died in a duel from Martynov’s bullet.
The city has many memorable places associated with the life of M. Lermontov. All of them are described in his immortal poems and poems.
Monument in the park named after. Lermontov
This obelisk is installed in the center of Pyatigorsk. The author is the sculptor A. M. Opekushin, who created the monument to A. S. Pushkin in Moscow. The figure of a seated Lermontov is made of bronze, an open book lies at his feet, and his gaze is directed to the Caucasus Mountains.
The pedestal on which the figure of the poet is located is made of granite. Its front side is decorated with a bronze lyre with the inscription: “To M. Yu. Lermontov...” (with the date of installation - 1889).
Museum "Lermontov's House"
Lermontov places in Pyatigorsk are numerous. But this, one might say, is the main thing. You can get there by public transport to the “Tsvetnik” stop, and then walk up Anzhievskogo Street (address: Lermontov St., building 4). Lermontov spent the last months of his life in this small house (in those days, the northern outskirts of the city). His body was brought to the same house after that fatal duel that occurred in July 1841.
On the initiative of the greatest Russian playwright A. N. Ostrovsky, a marble plaque appeared here in 1884 with an inscription announcing that M. Yu. Lermontov lived here. This small house has been called a museum since 1912. A museum-reserve was created on its basis in 1973. It includes the oldest quarter of the city of Pyatigorsk, as well as memorable Lermontov places in Zheleznovodsk and Kislovodsk. In the house-museum itself, the atmosphere of those times has been recreated, and the exhibition presents Lermontov’s personal belongings. Most of the excursions to Lermontov’s places in Pyatigorsk begin from this house.
You can get to this place by bus (stop "Pirogovskie Baths"). According to the design of the Bernardazzi architect brothers, a gazebo with round columns was built at the highest point of the spur of Mount Mashuk (eastern tip) in the early 1830s. Excursions to Lermontov’s places in Pyatigorsk (photo presented later in the article) include this wonderful place, located not far from the “Lermontov House”.
At that time, a wooden case with two harps was built into the floor of the rotunda. A weather vane was installed on the dome, which rotated under the influence of the wind, due to which the device was set in motion, touching the strings of the harps. As a result, quite melodic sounds were heard. That is why this gazebo got its name - “Aeolian Harp”. And this place is mentioned in the story "Princess Mary". Now the rotunda is equipped with a modern electric musical instrument.
This grotto is located below the Aeolian Harp on the spur of Mount Mashuk in a steep rock. Among Lermontov's places in Pyatigorsk, the grotto is also quite famous. It can be reached from the Academic Gallery. Architects Bernardazzi in 1831 added a decorative touch to the natural cave. Now this is a favorite place for a secluded holiday among holidaymakers. M. Yu. Lermontov also visited here.
This grotto in “Princess Mary” is the meeting place between Vera and Pechorin. In his painting "View of Pyatigorsk" Lermontov painted the spur of Mount Mashuk and the alley leading to the grotto. A man in a top hat is walking along the alley.
This department of the museum is literary and is also located not far from Lermontov's House. It should be noted that the main historical Lermontov places in Pyatigorsk are remarkable and convenient in that they are practically nearby.
The family of P. S. Verzilin (Major General) lived in this house. Young people often gathered there, among them was Mikhail Lermontov. He also loved fun, dancing, socializing, and loved to entertain everyone with witty impromptu remarks. One evening (July 1841) in the living room of this house that same fatal quarrel between Mikhail and Martynov took place, which was the reason for the duel. There is an opinion from biographer P. A. Viskovatov that Lermontov had rivals who incited a quarrel among some of those present at the party, wanting to cause such a clash.
In the Verzilin house there is an exhibition “Lermontov in the Caucasus”, which includes autographs, drawings and paintings of the poet, as well as some historical documents.
How to get to the Lermontov places in Pyatigorsk, which are located at a considerable distance? You can go down to the Academic Gallery from the Aeolian Harp gazebo along a circular path. There are also buses from the station towards the gallery.
In the upper part of the gorge, as if connecting the Mikhailovsky spur of Mashuk and Mount Goryachaya, stands the white-stone light building of the Elizabethan Gallery. It received its name from the name of the source discovered by F. P. Haaz in 1811. And this spring is mentioned in the story. At that time, in the right wing of the building there were baths called Tobian baths. The left wing had a recreation room. Ancient sculptures found by archaeologists in the Kavminvody are displayed near the building.
Today, the gallery, which received its modern name in 1925 in honor of the 200th anniversary of the Academy of Sciences, houses pump rooms with mineral springs (carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide). From the platform located in front of it (a stone staircase built in 1935 leads there), a magnificent panorama of the surrounding area opens up, where numerous Lermontov places in Pyatigorsk are located in different parts.
Built in 1826-1831 according to the design of the same Bernardazzi brothers, this oldest building of this type in Russia is known for the fact that M. Yu. Lermontov received medical procedures here. This was during his first exile. He arrived here in a very serious condition from the serious consequences of a cold (rheumatism). Within a month, the mineral waters completely put him back on his feet: he drank the water and took baths (the old name was Nikolaevskie).
The one-story building, built of mountain stone (from Mashuk), is distinguished by austerity and simplicity, which is characteristic of the architectural style of famous architects. Address: Kirova Avenue, 21.
Among the many Lermontov places in Pyatigorsk, this is especially significant and tragic. It can be reached by tram, reaching the final stop. Then from there you should walk about 1500 meters to the place of the duel. And the distance from the Lermontovskaya railway station is approximately the same.
It is known that Lermontov himself was of the opinion that the reason for a duel was completely insignificant, so he did not particularly try to shoot at the target, unlike his opponent. The fatal duel took place in 1841, on July 15.
At the site of the death of M. Yu. Lermontov in 1881, a pyramid made of stone was erected, and in 1901, a monument made of wood and plaster was temporarily built in its place. The modern stone obelisk was installed in 1915. In its very center there is a high relief of the poet (project of the sculptor B. M. Mikeshin).
Burial place
You can walk to the place of the great poet’s original burial on foot from the house-museum. In July 1841, the body of the deceased M. Yu. Lermontov was buried in the Pyatigorsk cemetery, located at the very foot of Mashuk. After much trouble, Mikhail’s grandmother received permission to move his ashes to the village of Tarkhany (her own estate in the Penza province), where he spent his childhood.
In the spring of 1842, the remains were taken away from Pyatigorsk, and an obelisk was erected at the site of the original burial in 1903, with a memorial plaque on the fence. Signs at the cemetery indicate the path to this place.
Excursion tour
“Through Lermontov’s places...”
Penza – Tarkhany Museum-Reserve - Nikolsk
Departure of the group from Yekaterinburg on March 26, 2018 at 11:04 (Moscow time) by train No. 101
1 day (27.03)
18:10 - Meeting of the group with the guide at the station near the carriage.
Accommodation at the Art-Penza hotel***. If desired, it is possible to visit the swimming pool (100 RUR/person) or sauna (pre-registration, 2100 RUR/2 hours/4 people).
Dinner at the hotel.
Lermontov estate in Tarkhany
Day 2 (28.03) – “Under the canopy of linden alleys...” On a visit to Lermontov.
Sightseeing bus tour of the city “The whole history of Russia is in Penza...”, during which you will see the most beautiful streets and squares of the city, monuments to Lermontov, Belinsky, D. Davydov; learn about the fate of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, with whose “light hand” Penza was called the city “Bryukhovo” for a long time; They will tell you about the fate of the great theatrical reformer of young Soviet Russia V.E. Meyerhold; the youngest and most talented marshal of the Soviet army, M. Tukhachevsky. You will also see the Drama Theater named after. Lunacharsky, the “Angel of Peace” stela, “Afghan Gate”, “Arts” Square, modern microdistricts of the city; visit the Mitrofanevsky Church (the location of the most famous icon of Penza, donated by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich).
E excursion to the Penza confectionery factory- the largest enterprise in the confectionery industry in the Penza region. Currently, the factory produces more than 130 types of products, among which are recognizable and loved since childhood: “Truffles”, “Little Red Riding Hood”, “Chamomile”, “Cockerel, Butter Head”, “Bird’s Milk” and many others. Sweet gift!
Visit to the State Museum-Reserve “Tarkhany”- Homeland of the brilliant Russian poet M.Yu. Lermontov. Excursions around the architectural and park ensemble of the estate, visiting the Manor's House, Ludskaya, the "Klyuchnik" house, the Church of Mary of Egypt, the mill. Here, in the noble estate environment, in communication with nature, with the richness of his native language, Lermontov received indelible impressions. If you wish, you can ride horses (additional fee 50 rubles).
Theatrical performance “The Charm of Days Past”, with a ball.
Visit Lermontov family tomb.
Dinner at the hotel.
Monument to Lermontov in Tarkhany
Day 3 (29.03) – “City of Crystal Slippers.”
Breakfast at the hotel restaurant.
Group departure to Nikolsk.
Visit private glass blowing workshop- an excellent opportunity to see with your own eyes how glassblowers blow glass using the “old-fashioned methods”
Visit Museum "Diamond Edge". A rich collection of unique crystal products from serf craftsmen, who supplied their products to the royal court and “held” the Persian market for more than 150 years.
Lunch at a cafe.
Return to the hotel.
Dinner at the hotel.
Day 4 (30.03)
Breakfast at the hotel restaurant. Release of rooms.
Excursion to Memorial Museum "Meyerhold House", where the time and aura of those years when the Great Meyerhold lived here are recreated. The authentic furnishings of the second half of the 19th century, family photographs, and memorial items give an idea of how the personality of the future Master was formed and what atmosphere reigned in the parental home.
Buying goods on the road.
Lunch at a cafe-restaurant.
Buying souvenirs.
Transfer to the railway station.
13:26 – departure to Yekaterinburg by train No. 102
Arrival in Yekaterinburg 31.03. at 22:03 (Moscow time).
The group arrives at the Ekaterinburg railway station on March 29 at 03:20 (Moscow time), by train No. 327
TOUR cost: 16,800 rubles. (schoolboy)
Included in the price:
- Accommodation in the hotel "Art-Penza"*** (2-bed "Standards");
- Meals: 3 breakfasts, 3 lunches, 3 dinners;
- Excursions according to the program, bus service according to the program, guide services;
- railway travel Ekaterinburg-Penza-Ekaterinburg (reserved seat).
Pyatigorsk attracts not only with its luxurious nature, mineral waters and healing mud, for me it is, first of all, a city associated with the name of Lermontov. There are many things in Pyatigorsk that remind us of the poet. Here you are walking along the street down to the Flower Garden, and on the right is Lermontov’s house, as it was during the poet’s life, here is a monument to the poet, by the way, the first in Russia, and here is Diana’s grotto, where a week before his death Lermontov had fun at the ball. Well, the Academic Gallery was generally the center of resort life at that time; here Lermontov observed the “water society.” Yes, years have passed, a lot has changed, but Lermontov’s places in Pyatigorsk are still imbued with the amazing atmosphere of that time.
For the first time, Mikhail Lermonov came to Pyatigorsk with his grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva, who, after the death of her mother, took upon herself all the worries of raising the boy. This was in 1818, when the future poet was still at a very young age. His grandmother brought him here later, when he grew up a little. Elizaveta Alekseevna stayed with her grandson at her sister’s house, which was located at the foot of Goryachaya Mountain. From all sides there was a view of the mountain peaks, and nearby there were springs with mineral water and wonderful nature. Even then, Lermontov fell in love with the Caucasus, immediately and forever.
The poet’s new meeting with Pyatigorsk took place in 1837. For the rebellious poem “To the Death of a Poet,” Lermontov was sent to serve in the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, but on the way he caught a bad cold and went to Pyatigorsk. “Having caught a cold on the way, I arrived at the waters all in rheumatism, they carried me out of the cart in their arms, I could not to walk - within a month my water levels completely improved,” wrote Lermontov. That's it! And try to say after that that you don’t believe in the healing properties of Caucasian mineral waters!
From Pyatigorsk, having received treatment and gained strength, Lermontov travels further to the Caucasus, to his place of service, in Tiflis, where he stayed until the end of the year. In 1938, returning to St. Petersburg, Lermontov wrote "Mtsyri", "Hero of Our Time", a Caucasian version of the poem "Demon". And everywhere there is the beauty of the Caucasus and the people who met there. But it was not possible to realize all his plans - for a duel with the son of the French ambassador, he was again sent to the Caucasus, into the thick of military events, where he proved himself to be a brave and talented commander, for which he was granted a short-term vacation to St. Petersburg. In St. Petersburg, he submitted his resignation, deciding to devote his life to literary craft, but the request was not granted, and Lermontov again went to the Caucasus.
The last time Lermontov came to Pyatigorsk was in May 1841. And Pyatigorsk became the last refuge of the great poet, a witness to the last months of his life. Walking through Lermontov’s places, you imagine the life of a small resort town of that time, leisurely walks of the “water society”, balls, simple entertainments of young people, but the bitter feeling of loss does not leave you, how can it be, a young, talented poet, the blossoming of creativity and - an absurd tragic death !
Lermontov lived for less than 27 years, leaving behind a huge “literary legacy”: the poems “Demon”, “Mtsyri”, “Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov”, the play “Masquerade”, the poem “Borodino”, the first Russian psychological novel “Hero of Our Time” ... The list could take a long time: the poet left to his descendants over 400 poems, about 40 poems, 6 dramas and 3 novels.
The Lermontov House is one of the first literary and memorial museums in Russia. The history of the museum began in 1912. Before that, and this is not a lot, not a little - 70 years, no one took special care of the house, it passed from hand to hand to private owners, and, alas, was gradually destroyed. Fortunately, there were caring people who still managed to influence the local authorities, and the city duma bought the estate and gave it to the Caucasian Mining Committee.
In subsequent years, the museum was expanded, adding the neighboring Verzilin estate. Colossal work was constantly going on to restore the museum complex. All efforts were aimed at giving the museum its original appearance. And it happened - Lermontov’s house retains its original appearance to this day.
In the 70s of the 20th century, the museum was renamed the State Museum - Reserve of M.Yu. Lermontov. And the people adopted a warm and kind name - Lermontov's House.
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This house belonged to the nobleman and captain Vasily Chulaev. In the owner’s house book it is written: “Captain Alexei Arkadyevich Stolypin and lieutenant Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov from St. Petersburg received 100 rubles in silver for the entire average house. Lermontov spent the last 2 months of his life here. The poet’s body was brought to this house of Lermontov on July 15 1841 after a tragic duel...
There are four rooms in total. Two of them, facing the garden, are the “Lermontov half”. The door of one of the rooms leads to a small terrace, on which Lermontov liked to relax and work, bringing here a small sofa table, which is still kept in the house.
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The location of the house is excellent. It’s nearby, you just need to go down a little - the Flower Garden, the baths, not far from the Academic Gallery. Well, the beauty of the surrounding nature was mesmerizing. Particularly impressive was the view from the terrace of the house of the majestic Caucasian mountains, Mashuk - here it is, nearby, and opposite - Elbrus, at that time the buildings of Pyatigorsk were loose and low-rise, so from the same terrace in good weather you could admire Elbrus, Yutsa, Jutsa . Of course, the beautiful mountain landscapes could not help but inspire the poet to write his immortal works.
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And we go to the house where the museum itself is located. The exhibits in the museum are authentic, what was in the house originally, and what was transported from St. Petersburg.
In the living room, household items are stored in a small pantry, where lunches prepared in the kitchen located on the ground floor were brought. Among them are a silver milk jug and a faience plate belonging to Lermontov, as well as a camp folding samovar. Through the glass door of the cupboard in the pantry you can see an old towel with the coat of arms of the Lermontov family embroidered on it.
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Lermontov loved to work at a table near an open window, behind which a wonderful cherry tree grew. On the desk are notes and books that Lermontov was interested in in the last days of his life. The atmosphere here is amazing. Just think, here Lermontov lived and worked, thought, dreamed. Here he wrote his last poems:
I go out alone on the road;
Through the fog the flinty path shines;
The night is quiet. The desert listens to God,
And star speaks to star.
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On the territory of the museum complex there is also the former house of I.V. Umanov, where you can now see the exhibition “M. Yu. Lermontov in fine art” - portraits, sculptures, illustrations for works.
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There was a big holiday in Pyatigorsk on this day. And I was lucky enough to attend it. And I’ll tell you, it was truly a holiday, with many guests, with concerts, with fireworks and, of course, with poems by Lermontov. They were read everywhere, by writers and ordinary people, with tears in their eyes and trembling in their voices, Lermontov’s lines were read by people of very advanced years and preschool children cheerfully and cheerfully. A special symbolism was felt in such speeches: Lermontov is alive and loved as before as many years ago!
Here's another interesting fact. On October 15, Channel One conducted a small survey in Moscow, asking passers-by on the street: “Do you know Lermontov? Can you read anything from his work?” And everyone (!!!) knew Lermontov and everyone (!!!) read his poems by heart, even just a few lines, but they read them! This is the most important gift for a poet’s birthday - universal recognition!
Admission to the museum that day was free. According to the most conservative estimates, on October 15, 2014, over 3 thousand visitors visited the museum.
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All day long there was a free microphone on the estate, and anyone could come up to it and voice their declaration of love to the poet.
In one of the green meadows of the estate, an exhibition of portraits of the poet from the collection of the museum “My Lermontov” was set up. These are works by artists of the 20th and already 21st centuries, made in different styles and using different techniques, but so tenderly and subtly conveying the image of the poet.
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Not far from the Lermontov House is the Verzilin house, where the family of Major General P.S. Verzilin lived. Young people gathered here and M.Yu. Lermontov often visited. The poet loved to have fun, laugh, and dance. Sometimes he entertained himself and others with witty impromptu remarks. On the evening of July 13, 1841, here in the living room, a quarrel between Lermontov and Martynov occurred, which served as a reason for a duel. It wasn’t even a quarrel, it was just that Lermontov awarded Martynov the nickname “Highlander with a Dagger,” and at a party at the Verzilins’, Lermontov said to the hostess of the house: “Emilia, beware, a fierce highlander is approaching,” word for word, and that’s how it all turned out. Looking at those events from our time, it seems incredible that because of a ridiculous joke, a poet of whom Russia is still proud was killed!
In the Verzilins’ house there is an exhibition “Lermontov in the Caucasus”, which includes historical documents, autographs of the poet, his paintings and drawings.
Near the Verzilins' house, but this is already on Buachidze Street, there is a ticket office where you can buy tickets to the Lermontov House-Museum.
Well, we move on. And then there is the Lermontov Square, where in 1889 the first monument to Lermontov in Russia was erected. On a granite pedestal there is a bronze sculpture of the poet, with Mashuk behind him. Lermontov's gaze is fixed on Elbrus and the Caucasus ridge. At the poet’s feet is an open book, a feather, a lyre and a bronze wreath.
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In order to build a monument to Lermontov, the collection of voluntary donations began around 1870. Lermontov readings, concerts, and lotteries were held to raise money as quickly as possible. A competition for the best design of the monument was announced in 1881. More than 120 proposals were received. According to the results of the competition, A.M. won. Opekushin, who had previously drawn up the project for the Pushkin monument in Moscow. As they say, this monument became not only the best work of the sculptor, but also the best Russian monument to Lermontov.
Events dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the poet also took place in Lermontov Park. Guests from Moscow and other cities, vacationers, city residents, and media representatives gathered in the park in front of the monument. Musical groups - children's, student and famous - celebrated this day! The abundance of people in uniform is another feature of the holiday. Lermontov is celebrated not only as a poet, but also as a Russian officer.
The days of celebrating the 200th anniversary of the birth of M.Yu. Lermontov coincided with a real golden autumn in Pyatigorsk. Autumn gave residents and guests of the city warm sunny days and the bright colors of Indian summer. It seems that nature itself celebrated the birthday of the great poet together with everyone.
As part of the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the poet, on October 15, a grand opening after the restoration of the monument to Lermontov took place. Military bands, a company of honor guard, fireworks, anniversary banners and Lermontov’s poems heard throughout the city - all this created a comprehensive atmosphere of a large and special holiday.
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Well, we're going to the Flower Garden. In 1828, a hotel, the Restoration, was built near the Flower Garden park under the leadership of the Bernardazzi brothers. In this building, decorated with six columns, those who came to the waters stayed and had fun here. Lermontov in the story “Princess Mary” gives a description of the ball in the Restoration: “The Restoration hall turned into the hall of the Noble Assembly. At nine o’clock everyone arrived... The dancing began in Polish; then a waltz began. The spurs rang, the coattails rose and spun.”
And in honor of Lermontov’s 200th anniversary, an Officer’s Ball was held in Pyatigorsk. It was not an ordinary ball, but a ball as it was at the beginning of the 19th century, when Lermontov lived! The venue for the ball was the halls of the historical Restoration building, which remember the balls of those times and Lermontov at them.
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Lermontov often visited this grotto, which bears the name of Diana. This artificial cave in the park on the northern slope of Mount Goryachaya was built according to the design of the Bernardazzi brothers in 1829. A week before his tragic death in a duel, the poet was the organizer of a ball in this grotto, which left many memories of the participants in the fun. The inside of the grotto is not very spacious, so most likely the whole party took place on the platform in front of the grotto.
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In the middle of the gorge separating Mount Goryachaya and the Mikhailovsky spur of Mashuk, the light white stone building of the Elizabethan Gallery stood, as if connecting them. The gallery got its name from the name of F.P., opened in 1811. Haas source. “I’ll go to the Elisabeth spring,” we read in M.Yu. Lermontov’s story “Princess Mary,” “there, they say, the whole water society gathers in the morning.”
At the Elisaveta spring, Pechorin meets with the cadet Grushnitsky. Here the acquaintance with Princess Mary took place: “Lighter than a bird, she jumped up to him (Grushnitsky), raised the glass and handed it to him with a body movement of inexpressible charm; then she blushed terribly, looked back at the gallery and, making sure that her mother had not seen anything, it seems that she immediately calmed down. When Grushnitsky opened his mouth to thank her, she was already far away." This is how a romantic story began here, which ended with a duel between Pechorin and Grushnitsky.
Nowadays the gallery is called Academic, in honor of the bicentenary of the Academy of Sciences (1925).
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When visiting Lermontov's places in Pyatigorsk, you cannot ignore Lermontov's Grotto. The grotto appeared naturally; the Berdanazzi brothers only deepened it in 1829. It was here that the writer loved to come to observe the “water society.”
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They began to associate the grotto with the name of Lermontov only in the 1860s. Most likely, that’s when this sign appeared.
Not far from Lermontov's grotto, if you climb a little up the steps in the old park, there is a gazebo called the "Aeolian Harp", which was built according to the design of the architects Bernardazzi brothers in the early 30s of the 19th century on an elevated point on the eastern end of the spur of Mount Mashuk. The gazebo is mentioned in M.Yu. Lermontov’s story “Princess Mary”: “On the steep rock where the pavilion, called the Aeolian Harp, was built, lovers of views stuck out and pointed a telescope at Elbrus.” And now next to the Aeolian Harp there is a telescope through which you can examine the surroundings.
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Built on the slope of Mashuk, the gazebo attracts attention with its graceful outlines.
When young Lermontov came to Pyatigorsk, there was no gazebo yet; in its place stood a Cossack guard post. And the boy, who lived almost at the foot of the mountain ledge on which the Aeolian Harp is now located, at night heard the roll call of the sentries:
You just hear: who’s coming?
Only a loud “Listen” is heard.
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Program
- 1st day
- Arrival in Penza "Hello, Penza!"
- Meeting with the guide at the information desk of the Penza-1 railway station with a sign for Lermontov places.
- Breakfast Refueling for the road.
- Sightseeing tour of Penza In Penza the whole history of Russia. You will meet with an ancient Russian city, which is picturesquely spread out on high hills above the Sura River and where the plot of one of Alexandre Dumas’s novels was born. Here the poet Denis Davydov felt like he was on Parnassus, and Pyotr Vyazemsky felt like he was in little Paris. In the old quarters of the city, houses have been preserved that remember famous fellow countrymen and guests: critic V. Belinsky, director V. Meyerhold, historian V. Klyuchevsky, writers N. Leskov and M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, Lenin’s father I.N. Ulyanov, Red Napoleon Marshal M. Tukhachevsky.
- Excursion to the Penza Art Gallery one of the oldest in Russia. The ancient building with spacious halls and rich stucco decoration made by K. Klodt houses a rich collection. In this temple of pictorial silence and some special soulfulness, paintings by I. Repin, I. Levitan, A. Kuindzhi, I. Shishkin are presented. The collection of Russian avant-garde is considered to be the golden fund. Here is the third most important collection of works by A. Lentulov, this newcomer from Penza, a stocky hare. Lentulov depicted in color what Mayakovsky did in words. The gallery presents one of the largest collections of works by R. Falk in Russia.
- Lunch at a city cafe.
- Excursion to the world famous performing arts museum, the first memorial to V. Meyerhold in Russia and abroad. In the living room of the old house where director V. Meyerhold grew up, there is now an unusual theater that fulfills the dream of the great master and works in the traditions of the Italian commedia mask theater dell'arte.
- Excursion to the country's first museum of the great Russian historian V. Klyuchevsky, opened in the house where he grew up. Without entering into polemics with anyone, in his world-famous work A Short Course on Russian History, he gave his understanding of Russian history, brilliantly and prophetically foreseeing the future of Russia. He owns the phrase: History will not teach anything, but will punish for ignorance of the lessons. In terms of the impact of his lectures on the audience, Klyuchevsky was compared with Chaliapin, Ermolova, Rachmaninov, and the performances of the Art Theater. He helped Chaliapin in creating the images of Ivan the Terrible and Boris Godunov. Impressed by his lecture, the artist V. Serov created the famous sketch of Peter I. The monument to V. Klyuchevsky in Penza, as well as the museum named after him, are the only ones in Russia.
- Transfer to the hotel.
- Check-in. Free time.
- 2nd day
- Breakfast.
- Release of rooms. Meeting with the guide.
- Country excursion to the cultural and historical center of the Kuvaka spring(Kuvaka village, 87 km, journey 1.5 hours).
- Excursion to the Museum of Living Water. This amazing place is associated with the name of Count V.N. Voeikov, the last commandant of the Winter Palace, author of the book With the Tsar and Without the Tsar, godfather of Tsarevich Alexei. Voeikov’s special pride was the Gremyachiy Klyuch spring. Its tasty, crystal clear water was considered healing. The count's entrepreneurial spirit made her famous in Paris. The museum has restored an ancient production facility from 100 years ago. In the delicious tasting room you can try the entire collection of lemonades based on Kuvaka water, as well as drinks made with premium natural syrups.
- Transfer to the Tarkhany Museum-Reserve(Lermontovo village, 45 km, 1 hour on the way), the estate of M. Lermontov’s grandmother, where half of the poet’s 26-year life passed and where his grave is now located.
- Visit to the manor house, which will help you feel the charm of the 19th century, will give you a meeting with the originals, which were touched by the hand of the poet and his grandmother. You will visit the small church of Mary of Egypt, built in memory of the poet’s early deceased mother; in the house of the clerk and housekeeper, among already forgotten household things, you will get acquainted with the life of Tarkhan peasants; in the people's room you will hear songs from Lermontov's time. You will have the opportunity to look at the restored mill, enthusiastically wander through the old alleys of the park and the manor’s garden, relax in the Lermontov gazebo, inhaling the aroma of Antonov apples and strawberries.
- Lunch Tarkhan treat in the village cafe.
- Free time I want: a walk along the ponds in the park and gardens of the estate; ride in a vintage carriage; photographing; herbal tea with pretzel. Excursion to the second complex in the center of the village of Lermontovo: visiting the grave of the poet and the Church of Michael the Archangel.
- Moving to Penza.
- 18.00-18.30 Arrival in Penza. Transfer to the railway station.
- End of excursion service (the travel company is not responsible if tourists purchased tickets for train No.093rd Penza Moscow at 16:38). Independent visit to the Penza souvenirs store. Free time: those who wish can hand over their things to the storage room of the railway station and take a walk along Moskovskaya Street in the Penza Arbat with its architectural, historical and cultural monuments.
- Departure.
Hotel information
Tour cost for 1 person in rubles:
|
Number |
Penza***, |
Heliopark ****, |
|
2-seater standard (twin) |
8 350 |
8 990 |
|
2-seater standard (double) |
8 990 |
|
|
2-bed standard with balcony (twin/double) |
9 120 |
|
|
2-bed one-room economy (twin) |
8 370 |
|
|
2-bed two-room economy (twin) |
8 550 |
|
|
2-seater standard comfort (twin) |
8 690 |
Included in the price Accommodation in the selected hotel, Additional charge railway tickets Moscow - Penza - Moscow reserved seat from 2,000 rubles, compartment from 4,000 rubles. (estimated cost). |
Lesson-excursion to Lermontov's places.
Sklyarova O.F., teacher of Russian language and literature, Secondary School No. 30, Pyatigorsk
1.Organizing moment.
2.Teacher's opening remarks:
“You take me to Chembar,
Take me to Tarkhany to the oak tree,
And the power of the gift of song
Light a fire in my chest.
Let the classic lines
They will tell me again about
How the lonely sail beat in the fog of the blue sea..."
Is it worth asking, guys, who we're talking about now? Of course, about the great Russian poet Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, whose anniversary is being celebrated by all progressive humanity these days.
Guys! Today we will take a correspondence tour of Lermontov’s places. Of course, in one lesson it is impossible to get acquainted with all the corners associated with the name of the great poet, so today we will visit only Moscow and the Caucasus, touching only partially on others. We will go to the Red Gate, where the poet was born, then to the House Museum on Malaya Molchanovka. Let's imagine the Povarskaya Settlement of the early 19th century, plunge into the atmosphere of student days during Lermontov's studies at the Moscow Noble Boarding School, visit Stavropol and Pyatigorsk and admire, together with Mikhail Yuryevich, the blue peaks of the Caucasus.
Moscow occupies a special place in the life of M.Yu. Lermontov.
« Moscow, Moscow...I love you like a son..."
And he loved her “strongly, ardently and tenderly” and yearned for her in separation sadly and painfully. And this is probably not only because the poet was born here, but also because in Moscow he felt like a citizen and realized his destiny. And “The Caucasus became the cradle of his poetry,” as Belinsky wonderfully said.
"Native land and sky beauty
The thoughtful Beshtu looked around.
In the distance stretched a pink wall,
Snowy mountains saying goodbye to the sun:
Mashuk, bowing his bald head
Through the Podkumka blue jets, I seemed to be thinking…»
Our guys, the guides, will help us make the excursion.
1 tour guide : At the beginning of the 19th century, at the crossroads of roads going from the Red Gate to Sukharevka and from Kalanchevka to the Red Gate, there stood a stone house that belonged to Major General F.N. Tolya. The house has not survived, but from a photograph taken in 1930, we can imagine this two-story building with two wings. The young Lermontov family settled in this house: Yuri Petrovich, a retired captain, and Maria Mikhailovna, the only daughter of Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva, who came from the noble noble family of the Stolypins (we show portraits).
On the night of October 2-3, 1814, the Lermontovs had a son, Mikhail. The child was baptized on October 11, 1814 in the Church of the Three Saints, not far from the Red Gate.
In Moscow M.Yu. Lermontov lived the first year and a half of his life: in April 1915, the Lermontovs went to the estate of E.A. Arsenyeva - Tarkhany, Penza province, where the poet spent his childhood, overshadowed by the early death of his mother and protracted feuds between his father and grandmother. Pay attention to the portraits - these are Lermontov at the age of 3, as if the great destiny of the poet is already laid here, and Lermontov at the age of eight: squat, small in stature, with a large head and a pale face, he had large brown eyes, the power of charm of which amazed those around him.
Lermontov was thirteen years old when, in the fall of 1827, E.A. Arsenyeva and her grandson moved from Tarkhan to Moscow and settled on Povarskaya Street in the house of guards ensign E.Ya. Kostomarova. The small mansions that lined the quiet, grassy street resembled manorial estates. In the Kostomarovs' house (the house has not survived). Arsenyeva and her grandson lived there for two years. From the first days of his arrival in Moscow, young Michel eagerly absorbs new impressions of Moscow life. Gets acquainted with the architectural monuments of the ancient Russian capital. Having moved to Moscow, he often visited his relatives, the Meshcherinovs, who lived on Trubnaya Street. All members of this family were fond of literature, music, and painting.
Caring for the education and all-round development of her only grandson, Arsenyeva spared neither effort nor money. On the advice of the Meshcherinovs, they began to prepare Michel for admission to the Moscow Noble Boarding School. The preparation was supervised by A.Z. Zinoviev, a boarding school teacher, a versatile educated person, an excellent teacher. Lermontov mastered Latin, intensively studied French, achieved noticeable success in painting and graphics, and took music lessons. It was at this time that he began his acquaintance with Moscow, its streets and squares, with its history. Walking around Moscow gave him real pleasure.
In 1829, E.A. Arsenyeva moved to a small mansion on Malaya Povarskaya, which belonged to the merchant F.I. Chernova (now Malaya Molchanovka). This house was built in 1816-1817 and was a one-story building in the Empire style. Lermontov lived in this house for three years, until his departure from Moscow at the end of July 1832.
2 guide : The house on Malaya Molchanovka is the only building preserved in Moscow where Lermontov lived. The fawn house with a mezzanine and a lattice fence stands like a small oasis among modern high-rise buildings. Built after the fire of 1812 by the merchant Chernov, the house has survived to this day. He witnessed both bitter and happy events and experiences that befell the young man. Here he lived, surrounded by the tireless care of his grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna, a woman of a despotic disposition, direct and unyielding character. Adoring Michel, my grandmother subordinated her life to his interests and delved into everything that could be useful and necessary for him.
The doors of the house on Molchanovka were always open to Michel’s friends, acquaintances and acquaintances. The small living room and the hall were crowded and noisy, poetry was sung here, home performances were staged, the texts of which were composed by Michel. Young Lermontov loved music very much, and in the living room you could hear the sounds of a piano and violin. Often he would retire to the mezzanine, immersing himself in the world of his favorite books or surrendering to the elements of creativity.
3rd guide: Let's try to imagine a picture of an early winter evening. The lights come on. Through the entryway, the kitchen, and the maid's room, a wooden staircase with railings leads to the mezzanine. A dark, narrow corridor with low doors - one of them leads to Lermontov's room. The mezzanine room has a low ceiling and small windows. A globe, a map next to it, and several engravings above the sofa. Among the books lined up on the shelf are “The Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “The Bakhchisarai Fountain”, “The Gypsies” by Pushkin, the almanac “Polar Star” for 1825, published by Bestuzhev and Ryleev, seven chapters of “Eugene Onegin”, published in separate books from 1825 to 1830 Many books in foreign languages. On the table are notes from lectures that he is listening to at the literature department at Moscow University. On the sofa is a newly received, uncut issue of the Moscow Telegraph. On the desk, next to the inkwell, there is a sandbox that serves as a paperweight, a quill pen and several hand-stitched notebooks. These are Lermontov's student notebooks, in which the poet wrote newly composed poems. Everything in the house on Molchanovka preserves the memory of the poet. Here you can see original things touched by the poet’s hands, his manuscripts, paintings, portraits, musical instruments that he skillfully mastered, a copy of the “Book of Fates” that Michel made for the new year 1832, the poet’s rich personal library. Particularly valuable to us is the watercolor self-portrait of Lermontov from 1837, given to him by V. Lopukhina, kept in the Vereshchagin archives abroad and returned to the poet’s homeland in 1962.
4 guide: In 1828-1830, Lermontov studied at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School.
The building of the boarding house, located on the corner of Tverskaya and Gazetny Lane, has not survived. Like the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, it was a privileged educational institution with glorious traditions. Wonderful writers and poets emerged from its walls: Zhukovsky, Griboedov, Odoevsky and others. Inner independence, a spirit of freedom, serious scientific research, and a passion for literature and art were characteristic of many teachers of literature and art. Lermontov's first literary mentor was A.F. Merzlyakov, professor of eloquence and poetry at Moscow University, who taught literature at the boarding school. Practical exercises in literature in the senior classes of the boarding house were conducted by Master of Literary Sciences S.E. Raich. He was also the leader and organizer of the “Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.” At the boarding school, much attention was paid to literature, music, painting, and oratory. The teachers were aware of literary novelties and were interested in literature and journalism. The boarding house published handwritten literary magazines: “Arion”. "Hive". "Bee". "Lighthouse". Through the efforts of the students, the almanac “Tsifei” was created, in which their best works and translations were published. During his boarding years, Lermontov filled out four handwritten notebooks, now kept in the Pushkin House in St. Petersburg. During this period, the poems “Autumn” and “The Turk’s Complaint” were written. “Monologue”, “My Demon”, “Prayer”, poems “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “Corsair”, “Oleg”, “Two Brothers”.( A student reads the poem “.Prayer”
In 1828, the first edition of the poem “The Demon” was compiled, on which he continued to work until 1838, creating new and new versions.
After graduating from the Noble boarding school, Lermontov in August 1830 submitted a petition to the board of Moscow University.
In September 1830, Lermontov became a student at Moscow University. During the same days, Belinsky, Herzen, Goncharov, Stankevich studied here... In the atmosphere of intense thought and constant search that lived the leading youth of the 30s, Lermontov’s spiritual image took shape, his views matured Confidence in the great future of Russia, the dream of becoming a poet grew stronger. His student years were marked in Lermontov's life by a huge upsurge of creative forces. In 1830-1832, he wrote hundreds of lyric poems, several poems, and created the drama “Strange Man.” (student reads the poem “Sail”) .
In the summer of 1832, Lermontov left Moscow, hoping to complete his education in St. Petersburg. He leaves full of hopes for a new life, not yet knowing that he will be destined to see his native Moscow only on the way to exile.
5 guide: We finish our tour at the monument to Lermontov, which was made by sculptor I.D. Brodsky (architects N.N. Milovidov and G.E. Saevich). The monument was opened in June 1965 in the park on Lermontov Square. The square began to be called Lermontovskaya in 1941 in connection with the centenary of the death of the great poet. The pedestal is topped with a bronze figure of a young man in the uniform of a lieutenant of the Tengin infantry regiment. "Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov. 1840-1841" - inscribed on a bluish-gray pedestal. The poet is depicted in a military uniform, his head raised proudly, the wind slightly lifted the hem of his coat. There is a sense of rebellion in the poet's gaze. pride, defiance and fortitude. The bronze lattice depicts a lonely sail, the scene of the battle between Mtsyri and the leopard.
At the entrance to the site there is a stele with lines from the poem “Sashka” engraved on it:
Moscow, Moscow!.. I love you like a son,
Like a Russian - strong, fiery and tender!
I love the sacred shine of your gray hairs
And this Kremlin...
6 guide: And Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov first visited the Caucasus in early childhood. His grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva brought him here for treatment with water in 1820 and 1825. The fact that Lermontov was in Pyatigorsk in 1825 is confirmed in the journal “Domestic Notes”, where in the list of those who arrived at Hot Waters, the following entry appears: “Arsenyeva Elizaveta Alekseevna, widow of a lieutenant from Penza, with her grandson Mikhailo Lermontov.”
Arsenyeva and her grandson settled in the house of her sister, General Khastatova. Her house was located at the foot of the Hot Mountain, close to healing springs, where the Pushkin Baths are now located.
Since then, the Caucasus has entered Lermontov’s consciousness as a land of wonderful nature, freedom and honor. The poet called the Caucasus his second homeland and dedicated poems to the Caucasus, as one does to friends.
To you, Caucasus, harsh edge of the earth.
I dedicate again the careless verse.
Bless him like a son
And the snow-white peak of autumn.
7 guide:
Despite the fact that in the early 1930s Lermontov wrote a lot of works, his name is unknown to a wide circle of readers. The events of early 1837 revealed the name of a new poet to Russia.
January 27, 1837. In a duel with Dantes, A.S. was mortally wounded. Pushkin. A week after his funeral, the poem “The Death of a Poet” flew around the capital with lightning speed. It was read, rewritten, and memorized. Along with the poems, the name of the poet became known - Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. Shocked by the death of his teacher, and this is what he considered A.S. Pushkin to be, Lermontov could not remain silent and “poured out the bitterness of his heart on paper.”( student reads "Death of the Poet")
But not only in salons and student audiences these lines were recognized. Tsar Nicholas II also received an anonymous copy by mail. Under the copy is the signature “Appeal to the Revolution.” A “case of impermissible poems” arose. After the investigation, the Tsar gave the highest orders: “Cornet Lermontov...to be transferred with the same rank to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment. The poet had a difficult journey ahead of him from St. Petersburg to Tiflis, where the Nizhny Novgorod regiment was stationed.
8 guide:B On the 20th of April the poet arrived in Stavropol. “Stavropol was built on a high mountain,” Lermontov wrote, “all the best buildings, government and private, are located on the top of the mountain, and the worst on its slope.”
On the way, the poet fell ill. But in Stavropol there was his relative, Major General Petrov, chief of staff of the troops on the Caucasus line and in the Black Sea region. He encouraged Lermontov to go to be treated with Caucasian mineral waters, and Lermontov came to Pyatigorsk again. Communication with Caucasian nature gives rise to a feeling of joy and enlightenment. In one of Lopukhina’s letters, Lermontov wrote: “Every morning from the window I see a chain of snowy peaks and Elbrus. And now, sitting writing a letter to you, from time to time I put down my pen in order to admire these giants, They are so beautiful and majestic...”( the student reads “The Blue Mountains of the Caucasus...”)
Having recovered, the poet goes to the regiment, which is located in Kakheti, in Georgia. On official business, Lermontov traveled to many fortifications in the Caucasus from Kizlyar to Taman. On the road he draws a lot. About 300 drawings, 58 watercolors, and 14 oil paintings have survived. The history of the painting “Cross Mountain” is interesting. It was written, apparently, after returning from the first exile of 1838-1840. It depicts the highest point of the Georgian Military Road - Cross Pass. The poet gave this painting to his friend Odoevsky before leaving for his second exile. Here, in the Caucasus, Lermontov creates his watercolor self-portrait. The poet depicted himself in the uniform of the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, with a burka thrown over his shoulder, against the backdrop of the Caucasus Mountains. The self-portrait was intended for Varvara Aleksandrovna Lopukhina, whom the author loved very much.
9 guide: The poet's exile was coming to an end. Arsenyeva worked hard to mitigate the fate of the poet in St. Petersburg. At the end of 1837, Lermontov left for a new destination: Novgorod, where the Life Guards Grodno Hussar Regiment was quartered. At the beginning of 1838, the poet returned to St. Petersburg. The best part of St. Petersburg society and literary circles enthusiastically greeted the author of the poems “The Death of the Poet”, “Borodino”, and the poem “Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov”, which had already appeared in print. Writes new poems. The royal court expected obedience and gratitude from Lermontov, of course: by order of the king, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, he was favorably admitted into society. But he was eager to retire, stubbornly following his own path. They could not forgive him for his independence. Clouds were gathering again over the poet's head. The opportunity to deal with the poet soon presented itself. On February 18, 1840, a duel took place between Lermontov and the son of the French ambassador, Barant. And although it ended bloodlessly: Barant missed, and Lermontov shot to the side, nevertheless, the consequence of this duel was a second exile to the Caucasus. The Tengin infantry regiment, where Lermontov was supposed to follow, was located on the Black Sea coast. Death from an enemy bullet awaited at every step, fever decimated people. The Caucasian military authorities treated the poet more carefully than the tsar; he was sent to the left flank of the army in the Grozny fortress. Lermontov took part in many battles, including the battle of the Valerik River (translated as river of death).
On January 14, 1841, the poet received permission for a two-month vacation and went to St. Petersburg. He still hoped to retire and engage in literary activity. But the poet was not only refused to resign, but was also asked to leave the capital within 48 hours, explaining the order by the poet’s inappropriate behavior. Before leaving, Lermontov writes the poem “Farewell, Unwashed Russia” (student reads the poem “Farewell, unwashed Russia).
10 guide: On April 14, the poet left St. Petersburg and for the last time traveled across all of Russia to the foothills of the Caucasus. In his first letters from the Caucasus, he wrote to Arsenyeva: “Dear grandmother, I have just arrived in Stavropol and am writing to you... Now I don’t know where I’ll go, it seems to Shura, where the regiment is, and from there I’ll try to get to water...” From Stavropol by On their way to the regiment, Lermontov and Stolypin stopped in Pyatigorsk, having secured medical certificates about the need for treatment with water. The first night they spent the night in a hotel. The next morning, at about nine o'clock, we showed up at the commandant's office. The office asked about an apartment. Major Chilaev offered an outbuilding in his house.
At about three o'clock they arrived at Chilaev's. Having examined the house in the courtyard from the outside and walked around the rooms, Lermontov stopped on the balcony overlooking the garden bordering the Verzilins’ garden and became lost in thought. Stolypin asked: “Well, Lermontov, is it okay?” “Nothing,” he answered casually. “Give me a deposit.”
And in his notebook Chilaev made a note: “One hundred silver rubles were taken from captain A.A. Stolypin and lieutenant M.Yu. Lermontov from St. Petersburg for the entire average house.”
In 1841, the season in the city was one of the most brilliant. Lermontov was the soul of society. They began to hold dance parties, organized picnics, cavalcades, and walks in the mountains. In June, the youth decided to give a ball to the Pyatigorsk public. A subscription was drawn up, and the idea assumed enormous proportions. All the youth unanimously helped in arranging the holiday, which on July 8 was given on one of the platforms of the alley near the huge grotto. The vault of the grotto was decorated with multi-colored shawls, the walls were covered with Persian carpets, skillfully improvised chandeliers were hung from simple hoops and ropes, entwined with extremely beautiful, magnificent fresh flowers and climbing greenery, and more than 2,500 lanterns were hung. The ball was a success. Lermontov danced unusually a lot, and the whole society was in the mood for fun.
Wherever the poet appeared, jokes and laughter reigned everywhere. And few people, even those closest to the poet, knew what thoughts and passions really tormented and worried this young man, who seemed carefree and frivolous. But when the poet was left alone with a notebook given to him before leaving St. Petersburg by Odoevsky with the inscription: “This book is given to the poet Lermontov so that he returns it himself and all covered with writing,” he was himself. One of the first poems included in the book was “Dream”, then “Tamara”, “Cliff”, “I Go Out Alone on the Road”, “The Sea Princess”, “From Under a Mysterious, Cold Half Mask”, “Oak Leaf”, “No “It’s not you that I love so passionately” and some others. “Russia will not be able to wait for such poems for a long time,” Belinsky would later say. (The student reads the poem “Oak Leaf.”)
The poet often visited the house of Major General P.S. Verzilin. On July 13, the young people decided not to go to the meeting, but to spend the evening at the Verzilins’ house. As General Verzilin’s stepdaughter, Emilia Aleksandrovna Klinkenberg, recalls, Mikhail Yuryevich gave his word not to anger the hostess, they waltzed and sat down to talk peacefully. Lev Sergeevich Pushkin joined them, and the two of them began to sharpen their tongues; they didn’t say anything particularly evil, but they said a lot of funny things. So they saw Martynov. Lermontov began making jokes at his expense, calling him a highlander with a big dagger. Martynov, having heard the last word, understood everything, turning pale, said to Lermontov: “How many times have I asked you to leave your jokes in front of the ladies.” And he quickly walked away. To the words of Emilia Alexandrovna, “My tongue is my enemy,” Lermontov replied: “It’s nothing, tomorrow we will be good friends.” But fate decreed otherwise. After the end of the evening, in the Verzilins' hallway, Martynov repeated his words to the poet. To which he asked: “So, will you challenge me to a duel for this?” “Yes!” Martynov answered decisively, and a day was immediately set. It was named July 15th.
On July 15, 1841, approximately four miles from Pyatigorsk at the foot of Mount Mashuk, between six and seven o’clock in the afternoon, a duel took place between retired major Nikolai Martynov and lieutenant of the Tenginsky regiment Mikhail Lermontov. The day was hot, suffocating, and there was a thunderstorm in the air. On the horizon, a white cloud grew and darkened. The opponents were given loaded pistols. A shot rang out, Lermontov fell as if knocked down, not even having time to grab the sore spot. The poet is dead!
The terrible news of Lermontov's death spread throughout Pyatigorsk. Decembrist Vigelin, in a conversation with his comrade N. Lorer, shared: “Do you know that Lermontov was killed. If only thunder had fallen at my feet, even then, I think, I would have been less amazed than this time.”
And the next morning the crowd besieged the small house.
Very little time will pass, and the house in which the poet lived will become a place of pilgrimage for those who hold Lermontov’s name dear.
(Display of a video about the House-Museum of M.Yu. Lermontov.)
Lermontov was buried in the old cemetery near Mount Mashuk. On the grave there is a simple stone with only one inscription: “Mikhail”. Almost a year later, Arsenyeva obtained permission to transport the ashes of her grandson, and on April 23, 1842, Lermontov was buried for the second time in Tarkhany in the family crypt, next to the graves of his mother and grandfather.
11 guide: We continue our acquaintance with Lermontov's places in Pyatigorsk.
Aeolian harp. This gazebo was built by the Bernardazzi brothers. It is made of stone, eight columns support a massive dome, and steps lead inside. A movable weather vane connected to an iron spindle is installed on the dome. In the center the brothers placed a wooden case, inside of which there were two harps. When the weather vane turned, the case also rotated, and the wind, striking the strings of the harps, made them sound. According to contemporaries, the harps produced harmonious sounds. The gazebo was named “Aeolian Harp” in honor of the wind god Aeolus. Lermontov often visited here. We find mention of the Aeolian harp in the story “Princess Mary”.
Lermontov's Grotto. During Lermontov’s time, Emanuel Park was located on the territory adjacent to the spurs of Mashuk and above. It was also planned by the Bernardazzi brothers. There were gazebos, pavilions, grottoes. Lermontov's Grotto was built in 1830-1831. During the improvement of the city, the Bernardazzi brothers discovered a cave in a rocky slope, they finished it, carved a bench in the depths and laid a path to the grotto. The grotto began to be called after the poet, because he was often seen here, sitting in deep thought. But the grotto became especially famous after the publication of the novel “A Hero of Our Time.”
Elizabethan Gallery. Now this is the site of the Academic Gallery building. It was built in 1847 - 1851 according to the design of the architect Upton in the Italian style. Initially it was called Elizavetinskaya, as it was built on the site of the Elizavetinsky spring. The story “Princess Mary” mentions this source several times.
Lermontov baths. Formerly Nikolaev baths. This building was built by the Bernardazzi brothers in 1826-1831. They received the name Lermontov in our time in memory of the fact that M.Yu. Lermontov was treated here in 1837.
Lermontov Gallery. A gallery made of iron and glass was built parallel to the building of the Nikolaev Baths (now Lermontov Baths). It was designed by the architect Khrzhanovsky as a summer school. It was opened in 1901 and in memory of the 60th anniversary of the poet’s death it was named the Lermontov Gallery. Now it is a summer theater.
12 guide: Diana's Grotto. This is an artificial structure. It was carved into the mountain. It was built by the Bernardazzi brothers in the late 30s of the 19th century. Lermontov was a frequent visitor to the grotto. And on July 8, 1841, just a week before his death, Lermontov and his friends held a ball in this grotto.
Pyatigorsk restaurant. Finishing our tour of the ancient part of Pyatigorsk, we approach a two-story building with six stone columns.
Now it is an institute of balneology and physiotherapy. And before it was called a restaurant, i.e. it was a hotel. It was also built by the Bernardazzi brothers according to the design of the architect Charlemagne from 1824 to 1828. Lermontov often visited here, attended balls, and on his last visit to Pyatigorsk he spent one night with his relative Stolypin.
Monument to M.Yu. Lermontov. We came to a small park. In the center is a monument to M.Yu. Lermontov. The author is the wonderful Russian sculptor A.M. Opekushin. The figure of the poet is cast from bronze, and the pedestal is made of Crimean granite. This monument to the poet is the best in the country. It amazes with its simplicity and extraordinary depth of psychological expressiveness. Looking at the monument, it is easy to imagine that Lermontov sat down to rest on a rock. The overcoat is taken off, the frock coat is unbuttoned. Bowing his head, forgetting about the open book, he admired the strip of silvery mountains on the horizon... It seems that the lines are now being born:
I saw in the distance through the fog.
In the snow, hot as a diamond,
The gray, unshakable Caucasus.
And it was in my heart
Easy, I don't know why.
The pedestal for the monument is a rock in the form of a pyramid. No decorations. Only three meager details: a lyre, a laurel wreath and a feather. The date below is August 16, 1889.
Failure. Walking to Proval was a favorite pastime for young people during Lermontov’s stay here. In the novel “A Hero of Our Time” we also encounter this name.
Old Pyatigorsk Cemetery. And now we are at the site of the first burial of M.Yu. Lermontov on July 17, 1841. The grave was marked by a small stone slab with the inscription "Michael". For eight months the poet’s body rested in Pyatigorsk land. And in April 1842, the poet’s ashes in a large lead coffin were delivered to his grandmother’s estate, where he was buried in the family chapel.
Place of Lermontov's duel. We are on the northwestern slope of Mashuk. In front of us is a monument at the site of Lermontov's duel. An eight-meter obelisk made of Kislovodsk sandstone, on the front side there is a bust of the poet and the dates of his short life - 1814-1841. The author of the monument is sculptor B.M. Mikeshin. It was decided to make the monument for the centenary of the poet’s birth, but they didn’t have time and it was opened in 1915. Somewhat later, a fence was made according to the design of the sculptor Kozlov. It consists of stone bullets connected by chains, and sleeping vultures in the corners.
Thousands of people come here, to this obelisk, every day to honor the memory of the poet. From here you can see a wonderful view of the surrounding mountains: the five-domed Beshtu, Mount Zheleznaya, nearby Razvalka and Zmeyka. Lermontov saw these mountains in the last minutes of his life. It was to them that in his early youth he dedicated these wonderful lines:
All around left and right, like the remains of pyramids,
Rising majestically to the sky
The mountain looks from behind the mountain.
And far away their five-headed king,
Foggy, dove-blue,
Scares with its wonderful height.
Z final word from the teacher:
Guys! Our tour of Lermontov's places has come to an end. Thanks to the guides for the interesting story. And in the next lessons we will continue to study the works of the great Poet.