A bad graduate student is a young teacher who does not dream of becoming an assistant professor. However, those times have already sunk into oblivion when in provincial universities a newly defended candidate of science was immediately appointed to the position of associate professor, and after three years he was awarded the academic title of associate professor [Note by Hulio: Until 2014, the academic title of associate professor in a department was awarded after five years of scientific and pedagogical experience (which also included three years of full-time postgraduate study - full-time postgraduate study is counted towards scientific and pedagogical experience), of which three years are mandatory teaching experience in universities or institutions advanced training]. This is what the founder of the “Postgraduate Students Portal” wrote on the forum about obtaining an assistant professorship ( www.aspirantura.spb.ru/forum/showpost.php?p=29627&postcount=3):
lynx
Administrator
12.12.2002, 04:13Oh, there’s not much there. The main thing is two published methodological works and work experience in the relevant position. And so - little things are unimportant.
Indeed, for "hack workers" the demands used to be more than liberal connivance: a couple of manuals and a couple of articles in shitbooks were published in a university publishing house in any scientific peer-reviewed journals or even in a collection of scientific papers, and that’s it - you’re an assistant professor!!!
Historical reference: associate professor (from lat. docens, Genitive docentis- teaching), academic title of teachers of a higher educational institution. In Russia, the title of associate professor was introduced by the university charter of 1863 (full-time teachers who had a master's degree were called associate professors). In 1884, the title of associate professor was abolished and the title of privatdozent was introduced (by analogy with German, Austrian, Swiss and Swedish university practice), which remained until the 1930s. The title of associate professor is also available in universities in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Sweden. It is assigned, as a rule, to persons who have a master's degree. In the United States, the position of associate professor is approximately equivalent to the position of associate professor. associate professor, Assoc. Prof.), in France - maître de conferences.
In fact, obtaining an assistant professorship can be more of a hassle than defending a dissertation. And if earlier in the provinces, the successful defense of a candidate’s dissertation actually meant that in the near future, without any problems, the teacher would first be appointed to the position of associate professor, and then awarded the academic title of associate professor, but now, in the conditions of a total and widespread reduction in university fees, as well as a chronic shortage in certain specialties and areas of study programs, cases have become increasingly common when candidates of science spend 10-20 years in the position of assistant or senior teacher, and become associate professor only at the age of 40 or 50 years. Such cases have happened before, especially in pretentious universities in this country, but now they have become more frequent. Decisive intervention by senior management in favor of young teachers (not someone's relatives, of course) is highly unlikely. So, without having a father-professor, uncle-academician, father-in-law-provost or other influential relative behind him, it is difficult to quickly and decisively become an associate professor of the department. In this case, you need to work a lot or be very necessary for the head of the department personally. However, this does not guarantee anything...
In the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated January 11, 2011. No. 1n “On approval of the Unified Qualification Directory of positions of managers, specialists and employees, section “Qualification characteristics of positions of managers and specialists of higher professional and additional professional education” lists the qualification requirements for the position of associate professor:
Assistant professor
Job responsibilities. Carries out planning, organization and control of educational, educational and educational work in supervised disciplines. Organizes, manages and conducts research work in the profile of the department (faculty). Conducts all types of training sessions, manages course and diploma projects and research work of students (students, listeners), mainly masters and specialists. Manages, controls and directs the activities of the scientific student society. Carries out quality control of all types of training sessions in the supervised discipline by teachers of the department. Ensures the implementation of curriculum, development and implementation of training programs. Creates conditions for the formation in students (students, listeners) of the main components of competence, ensuring the success of future professional activities of graduates. Participates in the development of the educational program of an educational institution. Develops work programs for supervised courses. Takes part in the scientific and methodological work of the department (faculty) as part of the methodological commission for the relevant specialty. Participates in seminars, meetings and conferences, including international ones, organized within the department’s research areas. Develops methodological support for supervised disciplines. Takes part in improving the qualifications of beginning teachers, in mastering their teaching skills and professional qualities, provides them with methodological assistance, organizes and plans the independent work of students, mainly masters. Organizes and provides professional guidance to schoolchildren in the department's specialization. Participates in the promotion of scientific, technical, social, humanitarian, economic and legal knowledge. Takes part in the development of the material and technical base of the department, develops textbooks and teaching aids and descriptions of laboratory work and practical classes in the taught disciplines, in the educational work of students (students, listeners). Manages the work on training scientific and pedagogical personnel. Monitors compliance by students (students, listeners) and employees of the department with labor protection and fire safety rules.
Must know: laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation on issues of higher professional education; local regulations of the educational institution; educational standards for relevant programs of higher professional education; theory and methods of managing educational systems; procedure for drawing up curriculum; rules for maintaining documentation on academic work; fundamentals of pedagogy, physiology, psychology; vocational training methodology; modern forms and methods of training and education; methods and methods of using educational technologies, including distance learning; requirements for working on personal computers and other electronic digital devices; fundamentals of ecology, law, sociology; basic methods of searching, collecting, storing, processing, providing, disseminating information necessary for carrying out research activities; mechanisms for registration of intellectual property rights; labor protection and fire safety rules.
Qualification requirements. Higher professional education, an academic degree of candidate (doctor) of science and at least 3 years of experience in scientific and pedagogical work or the academic title of associate professor (senior researcher).
These are the formal requirements for an applicant for the position of associate professor - that is, the minimum that gives the right to apply for promotion.
However, in some reserves the situation of quickly and decisively obtaining an assistant professorship is still possible, but there is no need to delude yourself. For in the early 1990s. many vocational schools and colleges suddenly became universities and academies, and immediately began to put forward special and specific requirements for applicants for income "prestigious" position of associate professor: for those wishing to become associate professors, the charters of the types of universities introduced the requirement to work in these specific types of universities for at least two years [Note by Hulio: this requirement is currently established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 10, 2013 N 1139 “On procedure for conferring academic titles"], ( “have at least 20 years of teaching experience at a university”, and heads of departments and secretaries of academic councils began to demand from applicants VAK publications, monographs and textbooks with the stamp of UMO. This is what my fellow countryman, not yet an associate professor, rightly noted about this on the forum of the “Postgraduate Students Portal” ( www.aspirantura.spb.ru/forum/showpost.php?p=46781&postcount=33):
Waiting two years, alas, is no longer an initiative, but an established practice. The mechanism is simple - documents for associate professor are submitted only two years after joining the university. During these two years, the teacher is guaranteed to work for the university, because he is waiting for the promised carrot, and the university also needs a teacher, because there are not enough qualified teachers with a degree. After two years, they gently tell him - buddy, everything is fine, but we will only apply you for associate professor in a year (two), because the Ministry of Education has tightened the requirements (you supposedly don’t have enough training manuals). The teacher will not go anywhere, because it is a pity to lose two years, and the university management has shown him his insignificance...
If a university has concluded an employment contract with a teacher (as a senior teacher) for a period of 5 years, then during this entire period the senior teacher has the right to apply for the position of associate professor. If a teacher is appointed to the position of associate professor by order of the rector (for several months) or appointed to the position of associate professor as a result of a competition (election by the Academic Council), a new employment contract is concluded with the teacher.
Sometimes in the HR department, assistant professors who have all the qualifications for appointment to the position of assistant professor are denied this on the grounds that they are not senior teachers. And they suggest that you first go through a competition for the position of senior teacher. However, this requirement is absurd: a senior lecturer is just a scientific and pedagogical position (and not an academic title). Therefore, any assistant can apply for the position of associate professor, bypassing the position "old fart". Indeed, if a specialist has the necessary qualifications, then he can apply for the position of head of a department, bypassing the position "leading specialist". And a cleaner, bypassing the position of shift supervisor, can easily apply for the position of vice-rector for chemical engineering. If common sense is powerless against personnel officers or the scientific secretary of the Academic Council, then ask which job description specifically states this. If this does not help, then your statement of complaint addressed to the rector or the rector’s order to appoint you to the position of associate professor will be very helpful.
The issue of appointing a particular candidate to the position of associate professor is decided by the authorities, as a rule, the head of the department. Typically, a teacher is recommended for the position of associate professor by the head of the department, subject to the availability of associate professor positions. When fulfilling the formal requirements for refusing a promotion, the manager must make a great volitional effort, constantly repeat it, answer awkward questions, etc. If there are no such free positions, then the head of the department must submit an application to the rector of the university for the vacancy of an assistant professor, or re-register the position of a senior teacher as an assistant professor.
Without the recommendation of the head of the department or department, the Academic Council of the university in many cases will not consider a candidacy "self-nominated" who does not have serious support from the dean or rector of a higher educational institution. However, university rectors rarely refuse such "modest request"- in many cases, the rector of a higher educational institution is not the head of the office with horns and hooves: he takes whoever he wants, and doesn’t take whoever he doesn’t want. He is, rather, the administrator of the building and responsible for PR and external relations. That is why in "fat" universities (where there is what "to nag") the rector does not care about teaching affairs at the level of faculties and departments, and the faculties and the Academic Council are not interested in him "kickbacks". Modus Vivendi, just to say.
However, even if there is a free position for an assistant professor at the department, you should not completely ignore the rector. And that's why ( www.aspirantura.spb.ru/forum/archive/index.php/t-235.html):
I came across this - the head, on his own initiative, announced a competition for me, coordinated this with the educational department and OK. I wrote the application at the allotted time, collected everything I needed, but the rector did not sign it. The question arises, did the head really not know/assume the position of the rector? I understand, of course, that this is possible, but what was the point of announcing a competition if the position of the management is unknown?
[Note by Hulio:] this was great stupidity on the part of the manager. And the rector was offended that they didn’t even ask for his opinion, like he was such a monkey that he could sign the protocols of the department and the academic council. In short, the procedure was executed incorrectly. Some people once suggested this to me too: they say, “Come on, we’ll introduce you, and if they give you a ride at the Academic Council or the rector once, well, they won’t refuse you a second time.”. To this I replied that “After such an epic refusal, I won’t stay in a university for even a day!”. And he refused...
At least a month before the meeting of the Academic Council of a university or faculty, a competition for the position of associate professor is announced. After a competition for filling a vacant position is officially announced (through the press), the applicant needs to write an application addressed to the rector, which is submitted to the office after preliminary approval by the personnel department. Then, after a certain period, a meeting of the department takes place, for which the person participating in the competition for the position prepares a report on the work done for the previous period for which he was elected, as well as a list of works. At a meeting of the department, he gives a report on the work done, they listen to him and ask questions. The issue of nomination to the position of associate professor is considered at a meeting of the department. To hold the position of associate professor, the applicant must have appropriate qualifications confirmed by publications, experience in scientific and pedagogical work at universities, recommendations from department staff, etc. An extract is made from the minutes of the department meeting. Even with a negative statement, the applicant can nominate his candidacy. Then, at the Academic Council of the university (or faculty), the head of the department characterizes the competitor and evaluates his work. If necessary, those present ask the contestant questions. An extract is also made from the minutes of the meeting of the Academic Council of the university. Based on the conclusion of the academic council of the university (faculty), a draft order is being prepared. Then the applicant writes an application addressed to the rector with a request to appoint him to the position of associate professor, and the applicant’s report on the work done, a list of his works and two extracts (from the minutes of the meeting of the department and the academic council) are submitted to the personnel department. Then, after some time, an order is issued to appoint the Great Scientist of this country to the position of associate professor and an employment contract is concluded with him for a certain period and a share of the salary or the whole salary.
In some budget universities, rectors prefer to appoint teachers to the position of associate professor by order for a period of more than one year (the so-called "Acting Associate Professor"). And only then, after a year or even two years of work as an associate professor, this teacher is allowed to apply for a competition in the academic council with subsequent election to the position of associate professor. However, the “Regulations on the procedure for filling positions of scientific and pedagogical workers in a higher educational institution of the Russian Federation” (approved by order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of November 26, 2002 N 4114), does not provide for the right of a university to conclude an employment contract with a teacher with his consent, without undergoing competitive selection for a period of up to one year, as was previously provided.
For teachers engaged in teaching at the department (in a situation where we are talking about a more or less ordinary candidate of sciences), it is necessary to obtain academic titles in their specialty, awarded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. In the past, only a few hundred people were awarded the title of associate professor in the specialty each year. In addition, despite the fact that the associate professor’s certificate for the department indicates in which specific department the certificate was received, for example, "Associate Professor at the Department of Management", the title of associate professor has significance and power in the event of a transfer to the position of associate professor, say, in the department of economics. Indeed, an assistant professor’s certificate, no matter what department it is issued for, gives the teacher the right to apply for life (if there are free positions) for the position of assistant professor in whatever department he subsequently works.
Thus, in order to have the right to apply for the academic title of associate professor in a specialty, you must work at a university as an associate professor for at least 2 years, having passed a competition and been elected by the academic council (in this case, 2 years of continuous tenure at your main place of work or part-time, full-time or at least a quarter of the time), have a total scientific and pedagogical experience in the required amount of at least five years. However, the requirement to work as an assistant professor "2 years by competition" When you move to a new university, it forces you to count everything from scratch, and the previous one "probation" burns out, which is extremely annoying and offensive...
Also, to apply for the academic title of associate professor, it is necessary to publish 20 articles, monographs and textbooks in scientific peer-reviewed publications after defending a dissertation for the award of the academic degree of candidate or doctor of science. In addition, it is necessary to publish a teaching manual (at least a course of lectures, diluted with all sorts of newfangled perversions, such as tests and questions for seminar classes, as well as extremely valuable instructions on how to conduct lectures and seminars) on one of the disciplines taught at the department, at which will consider the issue of awarding an academic title. The titles of articles, textbooks and monographs (chapters in a monograph) must correspond to the profile of the academic work of the applicant’s department and the profile of the specialty (when submitting documents for an academic title "Assistant professor in specialty").
Textbooks with the stamp of UMO, teaching aids (recommended for publication at a meeting of the department such and such, protocol dated [date] No. ... or printed by decision of the Academic Council of the university ...) and monographs or chapters in collective monographs (with reviews of two doctors of science, preferably publish in university or "academic" publishing houses - otherwise there may be problems with the secretary of the Academic Council). Indeed, if you publish "magnus opuses" without these formalities, these manuals and monographs can be recognized "non-kosher" to apply for the competition for the position of associate professor. Because the entry in the manuals “Printed on the recommendation of the academic council” on the second page of the manual is sometimes "channels" head of the department, scientific secretary of the academic council and (maybe) vice-rector for science. For they may say: “What kind of nonsense have you brought? What kind of little books are these? Neither the department nor the Academic Council saw or discussed them! So you can throw them in the trash!”. However, if the training manual has the stamp of UMO (or previously - the Ministry of Education and Science), then the above-mentioned entry is not required.
Documents for the academic title of associate professor in a specialty are sent to the Ministry of Education and Science on behalf of the university (research institute). The documents prepared by the department (laboratory) include a detailed certificate of the established form.
The form of ownership of the university itself (budgetary or non-state - NOU VPO), presenting the documents of the applicant for an academic title, does not matter, but only if the university has a license for educational activities in the field of higher professional education and accreditation in specialties. The academic council of a non-state university must be accredited, and only then does it receive the right to process documents for awarding academic titles. However, documents from state universities are subject to additional examination selectively and infrequently. Documents from non-state universities are sent for additional examination without fail. Therefore, very often the Academic Council of a non-state university recommends a person for the title and addresses a complete package of documents to some friendly department of a state university in order to obtain a conclusion from a specialized department of a state university.
From December 20, 2013, the maximum period during which certification documents of applicants are considered is 6 months, as well as proposals and statements containing an assessment of their educational, pedagogical and scientific activities. Appeals against decisions on the assignment, deprivation, or restoration of academic titles are sent to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (previously - to Rosobrnadzor or the Higher Attestation Commission, respectively).
It should be taken into account that receiving a certificate for the award of the academic title of associate professor (docent certificate) does not at all guarantee a university teacher the position of associate professor!!! That is, no teacher with an associate professor certificate will automatically be appointed to the position of associate professor, because the position of associate professor is in no way connected with the academic title of associate professor. And the reason is simple: in many departments, especially minority and non-graduating departments, the number of assistant professor positions is clearly limited and in the department there may not be an available associate professor. Hence all the ensuing consequences: usually the rates are allocated to the department in the spring for the new academic year, and the head of the department submits an application to the educational department usually in late March - early April. And the application is not always fully satisfied. Therefore, whether the corresponding rate and teaching load of an assistant professor will be planned for you for the new academic year is not a fact. Once I even heard a very sad, but true anecdote about a Doctor of Medical Sciences with the academic title of associate professor, who worked for a long, long time as a full-time assistant at the department - there was no associate professor position...
Moreover, this case is not the only one: in many types of universities there are "cold professors"(associate professors by position) who do not have an academic degree or academic title), and there are assistants and "old farts"- senior teachers with the academic degree of Candidate of Sciences and the academic title of Associate Professor. Moreover, there are also doctors of sciences who have the academic title of professor, but work as an associate professor. And some people, teachers, can work in such a humiliating position for several years and even a decade!!! And the answer is simple - diside...
Some teachers, having not received a certificate of associate professor (diploma of awarding the academic title of associate professor), take a different route: they join the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences and other academies, where for a reasonable fee you can quickly and decisively become not only an associate professor, but immediately a professor. And even get "appropriate" crust. However, it should be taken into account that “as documents on the award of academic degrees and the assignment of academic titles provided for by the state system of certification of scientific and scientific-pedagogical workers, only diplomas and certificates issued by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science or others are valid state bodies of the former USSR and the Russian Federation, previously vested with the relevant functions in the field of state certification of scientific and scientific-pedagogical workers, as well as documents of foreign countries on academic degrees and academic titles, recognized in the Russian Federation as equivalent to diplomas and state certificates". That's it...
Along with this read:
This is enshrined in the new regulation on the procedure for conferring academic titles, which is planned to be introduced on January 1, 2014. (The project is posted on the website regulation.gov.ru). The head of the Higher Attestation Commission comments on it:
As for the title of associate professors and professors in departments, they, according to the draft Regulations on the procedure for awarding academic degrees, will become a thing of the past. Academic titles will be awarded only in the scientific specialty:
“The issue of “retirement” of the titles of associate professor and professor in the department has been repeatedly raised by employees of universities and the Academy of Sciences,” explained the head of the Higher Attestation Commission. - The previous system led to the fact that, since the names of departments are established by universities independently, and quite often they cease to exist, an associate professor or professor has to be a scientist in this department that no longer exists in the country. Since the nomenclature of scientific specialties is regulated by government decree, the introduced system of academic titles for scientific specialties becomes more understandable.
This requires some clarification for those who are far from university life. The fact is that the system of academic degrees (candidate-doctor) and the system of academic titles (associate professor-professor) have so far represented parallel trajectories of movement. Advancement within the first of them was associated with scientific achievements and involved the defense of relevant work (candidate's or doctoral dissertation). Progress along the second trajectory was associated not so much with scientific, but with educational and methodological achievements (that is, success in teaching). These titles were called associate professor and professor “by department” and represent the majority of titles awarded (titles “by specialty” were awarded much less frequently, mainly to scientific workers). Although these two different trajectories were correlated, they were still theoretically independent of each other. Thus, the title of associate professor could be awarded to someone other than a candidate, and the title of professor to someone other than a doctor (such cases were relatively rare, but not exceptional). In addition, when assigning titles, they looked primarily at the presence of educational and methodological work, and the requirements for actual scientific work were not so significant. The new provision essentially eliminates the described parallel system, and eliminates it through a kind of merger and strengthening of requirements. On the one hand, obtaining titles now requires greater scientific activity (requirements for scientific publications are being tightened, three protected candidates are required for a professor, etc.), and on the other hand, the requirements for methodological activity are increasing. For example, for an assistant professor, authorship or co-authorship is now required in textbooks published under the “stamp”, and not any, as was previously the case (this condition, however, can be replaced by co-authorship in a collective monograph). In fact, this provision consolidates the linear sequence “candidate-associate professor-doctor-professor” and makes the system of the Russian “table of scientific ranks” four-level, strictly and unambiguously tying movement through levels to scientific achievements.
There are both pros and cons to this. The advantages are that obtaining a title is easier for those people who are more or less active in an area that does not quite coincide with the profile of the department in which they teach. Moreover, our departments are often named quite arbitrarily and, in the extreme, the name may not correspond to any of the scientific specialties at all (for example, there may well be a department of valeology). The situation is not so rare: only three people I know have encountered such a difficulty over the past year and a half. The disadvantages are that the adoption of such a provision completely closes the possibility of at least some “rank” growth for teaching staff - people who do little research but excel in teaching. There are quite a lot of such people and they are not always bad teachers. (Let’s be realistic: how many of those who work, say, in departments of higher mathematics in regional universities conduct any significant scientific work in this area?) Previously, such people, who for some reason did not defend their dissertation or defended it quite a long time ago, could expect to receive the title of associate professor based on their teaching and methodological work. Now this opportunity seems to be closing completely.
UPD. As for the previously awarded titles, they are as follows from
Question: I am an associate professor at the Department of Quantum Mechanics at St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Physics. I need to submit documents to the Academic Council to receive the academic title of associate professor. For the title of associate professor there is a requirement:
3) at least two scientific and two educational works published over the past three years.
I have prepared two teaching aids, which are approved and recommended by the Academic Council for publication and use.
Question: where should educational and methodological works be published?
I was told that in order to submit documents to the Academic Council, it is necessary to publish teaching aids in the St. Petersburg State University publishing house and each of them must receive an ISBN. This requirement cannot currently be met. Printing houses can no longer be used in the physics and chemistry departments. The St. Petersburg State University Publishing House reports that publication of manuals is possible only after they have been edited, and this may take more than a year. It also informs that if the allowance is not large enough, then the ISBN will not be assigned at all. The relevant decree of the Government of the Russian Federation does not contain requirements for the publishing of teaching aids. Apparently, the requirements for printing manuals are an internal requirement of St. Petersburg State University.
Where can I print teaching aids?
Answer from the head of the Main Directorate for Organization of Work with Personnel Vladimir Valerievich Eremeev:
In accordance with the Regulations on the conferment of academic titles, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 10, 2013. No. 1139, an applicant for the academic title of associate professor for the last 3 years must have at least 2 non-educational and methodological works, as indicated in the question, but educational publications and 3 scientific works, published in the scientific specialty specified in the certification file. In accordance with clause 3.1.1 of GOST 7.60-2003 “Publications. Main types. Terms and definitions", "publication: a document intended for the dissemination of information contained in it, undergone editorial and publishing processing, independently designed, having imprint». Imprint book publication, according to clause 4.1 of GOST R 7.0.4 - 2006 “Publications. Imprint. General requirements and design rules” include, among other things, the International Standard Book Number (ISBN), which is an identifier for each book and a mandatory element of the book’s output. The international standard numbering of books applies (clause 3.3 of GOST 7.53 - 2001) not only to books, but also to brochures (brochure - a book publication of more than 4, but not more than 48 pages - clause 3.2.4.7.2 of GOST 7.60 - 2003) .
The Department of Certification of Scientific and Scientific-Pedagogical Workers of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, in a letter dated November 7, 2014 No. 13-4262 “On violations in the preparation of certification cases,” posted on the website of the Higher Attestation Commission, indicated the inadmissibility of inclusion in the list of published educational publications and scientific works of works that do not comply with paragraph 3.2.4.3.4 “Educational publications” GOST 7.60 - 2003. Types educational publications and scientific works that may be included in the mentioned list are also listed in Section II “Notes” to Appendix No. 2 of the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 02/04/2014. No. 81.
Many people are confused about the positions, degrees and titles of teachers and researchers working at universities. And this is not surprising...
Let's figure this out.
The fact is that university employees are characterized immediately by four directions :
1. Academic position.
2. Administrative position.
3. Academic degree.
4. Academic title.
Table 1
List of academic positions
Full title | abbreviation | Full title | abbreviation |
1. Graduate student | asp. | 8. Researcher | ns |
2. Assistant | Ass. | 9. Teacher | Rev. |
3. Leading researcher | VNS | 10. Professor | prof. |
4. Chief Researcher | GNS | 11. Senior teacher | senior teacher |
doctoral student | 12. Trainee | intern |
|
6. Associate Professor | Assoc. | 13. Senior Researcher | sns |
7. Junior Researcher | mns | 14. Student | stud. |
Positions are listed in alphabetical order. They give different rights and responsibilities to participate in the educational (academic) process. For example, a student can study, but cannot teach. The assistant can teach, but cannot independently develop his own training course, etc.
table 2
List of administrative positions
Full title | abbreviation |
Academic Secretary | Academician-Sec. |
Graduate student | asp. |
Assistant | Ass. |
Leading Researcher | VNS |
Leading Specialist | leading specialist |
Vice President | Vice President |
CEO | general director |
General designer | general design |
Chief Researcher | GNS |
Chief Editor | chief editor |
Chief Specialist | chief special |
Dean | dean |
Director | dir. |
Doctoral student | doctoral student |
Assistant professor | Assoc. |
Head of the department | head of department |
Station manager | station manager |
Deputy academic secretary | Deputy Academic Secretary |
Deputy general director | Deputy General Director |
Deputy editor-in-chief | Deputy Chief Editor |
Deputy dean | Deputy Dec. |
Deputy directors | deputy director |
Deputy chairman | deputy chairman |
Deputy head | deputy manager |
Deputy leader (manager, chief) of the group | deputy head of group |
Deputy head (manager, chief) of the laboratory | deputy head of laboratory |
Deputy head (manager, chief) of the department | deputy head of department |
Deputy head (manager, chief, chairman) of the department | deputy head of department |
Deputy head (manager, chief) of the sector | deputy leader of the sect. |
Deputy head (manager, chief, chairman) of a center (scientific, educational, etc.) | deputy head of the center |
Consultant | cons. |
Laboratory assistant | lab. |
Junior Researcher | mns |
Scientific consultant | scientific cons. |
Researcher | ns |
Head of Department | start control |
Head of the expedition | head of expedition |
Chairman. | prev |
The president | Prez. |
Teacher | Rev. |
Vice-Rector | vice-rector |
Professor | prof. |
Editor | ed. |
Rector | rector |
Leader (manager, chief) of the group | hand gr. |
Head (manager, chief) of the laboratory | head of laboratory |
Head (manager, chief) of the department | head of department |
Head (manager, chief, chairman) of the department | head of department |
Head (manager, chief) of the sector | leader of the sect. |
Head (manager, chief, chairman) of a center (scientific, educational, etc.) | head of the center |
Advisor | advisor |
Specialist (zoologist, programmer, geologist, engineer, etc.) | specialist. |
Senior specialist (geologist, zoologist, engineer, etc.) | senior specialist |
Senior Assistant | st.lab. |
Senior Lecturer | senior teacher |
Senior technician | senior technical |
Trainee | intern |
Senior Researcher | sns |
Student | stud. |
Technician | tech. |
Scientific Secretary | academic secretary |
Other positions | etc. |
Positions are listed in alphabetical order. It is in accordance with administrative positions that university employees receive salaries, or rather, official salaries. The higher the position, the higher the salary. These positions are of particular importance to the HR and Accounting departments. They arrange all employees into a hierarchy of superiors and subordinates.
List of academic degrees
Russia has introduced two academic degrees:
1. PhD - primary. For example, a candidate of medical sciences - candidate of medical sciences - candidate of medical sciences.
2.
Ph.D- higher . For example, Doctor of Biological Sciences - Doctor of Biological Sciences - Doctor of Biological Sciences.
In order to obtain such a degree, it is necessary to create a special scientific work called “a dissertation for the academic degree of a candidate of such and such sciences” or “a dissertation for the academic degree of a doctor of such and such sciences.” In addition, this dissertation still needs to be “defended” in a specially designated place - the Dissertation Council. Specialists in a related scientific field there will decide whether the submitted dissertation corresponds to the desired degree. So an academic degree may or may not be awarded. Writing and defending a dissertation is not a simple and easy job, therefore the scientific and organizational value of candidates and doctors of science is clearly higher than that of them, but before defending their academic degree.
True, we are threatened by the emergence of several more degrees, modeled on Western ones, but, naturally, in the Russian way.
Bachelor- in fact, this is our same graduate of a technical school or a dropout student from a university with an “incomplete higher education”, but who defended his thesis, for which he receives a bachelor’s “degree”. This is the lowest possible academic degree.
master- in the recent past, this was simply a university graduate who defended his thesis, and not just passed state exams. But now the student's thesis began to be called the VKR ("graduate qualifying work") and ceased to give a master's level. Now you will have to spend an additional 2 years (for additional money) at the university and do, essentially, a second thesis, now a master’s thesis. Only then will it be possible to be called a “master”. And this work will be called a “master’s thesis”, like a candidate’s or doctoral dissertation. A master's degree is an academic degree that reflects the appropriate educational level of the graduate, readiness for research and scientific-pedagogical activities. The master's degree is awarded based on the results of the defense of the master's thesis.
"Doctor of Philosophy" or "PhD"- a degree popular abroad, in terms of scientific weight it is something intermediate between a graduate thesis and a classic Soviet candidate's dissertation. True, pessimists fear that over time they will begin to demand a hybrid of a higher level - something between a candidate’s and doctoral dissertation. Life will show what will actually hatch from this gilded egg: a chicken or a crocodile...
An approximate analogue of the academic degree of Doctor of Science in countries with a “single-stage” system of academic degrees is the Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) degree, in countries with a “two-stage” system (for example, in Germany) - a habilitated (habilitated) doctor. After completing the habilitation procedure, i.e. defense of the second doctoral dissertation (more significant than the first), the applicant is awarded the title of habilitated doctor (doctor habilitatus, Dr. habil.)
There is also a system of academic degrees for “professional” rather than scientific research work. Thus, for example, Doctor of Laws (DL), Medicine (DM), Business Administration (DBA), etc. degrees are considered in many countries to constitute a professional rather than an academic/research doctorate, i.e. the holder of such a degree is expected to engages in relevant practical activities, not science. Because these degrees do not require independent scientific research, a professional doctorate is not generally considered an advanced degree. Whether a degree is classified as a professional or research doctorate varies by country and even by university. For example, in the USA and Canada the degree of Doctor of Medicine is professional, and in Great Britain, Ireland and many countries of the British Commonwealth it is research.
Honorary degree
There is also a workaround for obtaining an academic degree without scientific work. This is the so-called “honorary degree” of Doctor of Science (Honor Doctor or Honor degree or Doctor honoris causa). It is issued by universities, academies or the Ministry of Education without completing a course of study and without taking into account mandatory requirements (for publications, defense, etc.), but who have achieved great success in business and have gained fame in any field of knowledge (artists, jurisprudence, religious figures, businessmen, writers and poets, artists, etc.). Such people are attracted to teaching and give lectures at the best universities in many countries around the world. An honorary Doctor of Science degree is not awarded in medicine. An honorary degree may be awarded or withdrawn.
So, an academic degree confirms the scientific qualifications of its holder and his ability for fruitful scientific activity.
List of academic titles
In Russia, according to the unified register of academic degrees and titles, approved in 2002, the following are provided:academic titles:
1. Assistant professor by specialty according to the nomenclature of specialties of scientific workers or by department of an educational institution.Academic title of associate professor assigned to employees of scientific organizations for research activities, and to employees of higher educational institutions - for scientific and pedagogical activities.
2. Professor by specialty or department.Academic title of professor awarded to employees of higher educational institutions and scientific organizations for scientific and pedagogical activities and training of graduate students.
3. Corresponding Member(corresponding member) of the Academy of Sciences.
4. Full member (academician) of the Academy of Sciences.
System academic titles more confusing than the system academic degrees . So, there are different titles by specialty And by department. In addition, there are only scientific degrees (scientists), and titles - both scientific and pedagogical (teaching). Academic degrees are officially registered only by the Higher Attestation Commission (Higher Attestation Commission), and all academic titles are officially registered by the Higher Attestation Commission, the Ministry of Education, and the Russian Academy of Sciences.
How can we distinguish between the concepts of “academic degree” and “academic title” in order to reduce the often observed confusion in this regard?
Speaking about academic titles, one should distinguish title or simply the position held from academic title, which you can have without holding a similar position. Yes, you can borrow job title professor or associate professor, but not have the same ranks, confirmed by the presence of a certificate. On the contrary, you can have rank professor or associate professor, have the appropriate official certificate, but work not as a professor, but, for example, as a house manager, or even not work at all. So professors with the title of professor can work, alas, not as professors at all.
The matter is further complicated by the fact that people who work as professors, but do not have the same academic title, tend to call themselves professors, although in reality they only occupy professorship. It is curious that the military is more modest in this regard: for example, a colonel holding a general's position job title, does not call himself a general until he receives a general's title rank.
So, ranks "Associate Professor" or "Professor"supported by official certificates. Purely job titles "Associate Professor" or "Professor", are not associated with the official assignment of the same academic title.
At the same time, in order to occupy a decent position in a university or research institution, it is desirable (and sometimes mandatory) to have academic degree. The presence of an academic degree, position and required activities in this position give the right to receive academic title.
Academic degrees are awarded as a result of defending dissertations, and academic titles assigned based on the results of scientific and pedagogical activities.
About availability academic degree testifies diploma candidate or doctor of sciences, but about the availability academic title - certificate associate professor, professor. So official supporting documents for degrees And ranks are called differently.
Non-state degrees and titles
And you should definitely know about one more interesting detail. In Russia there are many non-state
educational institutions: academies, universities, institutes, which sometimes have their own non-state dissertation councils. Some of them dare to completely separate from the state in the person of the Higher Attestation Commission and begin to award academic degrees, not just candidates, but even doctors of sciences without the participation of the Higher Attestation Commission
, in the same way as is customary abroad, but in completely different conditions. After protection like this "non-state"
Scientists are immediately issued diplomas sealed with seals, popularly called “crusts,” the forms of which are not difficult to produce or buy. The question of their legal force raises reasonable doubts...
According to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 30, 2002 No. 74, only diplomas issued by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation or other authorized state bodies are valid as documents for the award of academic degrees provided for by the state certification system.
Academicians and Corresponding Members
Now in Russia scientific academies with their academicians and corresponding members form a whole pyramid.
On first level, at the top of this academic pyramid is created by Peter the Great in 1724. Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN) , which includes about a thousand corresponding members and full members (academics). This is the holy of holies of Russian science.
On second level academic pyramid are state branch academies , such as the Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, the Academy of Architecture and Construction, the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Academy of Arts and, to some extent, the Academy of Natural Sciences (RAEN). They also include full members (academicians) and corresponding members, but their state academic “scholarships” are one and a half, or even two times lower than in the Russian Academy of Sciences, and in the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, in general, only the Academy itself has the right to pay money, without state support.
On third level so many have already arisen non-state , public academies , and in them"public" academicians and corresponding members that it is not easy to count them. But in these"academies" state academic scholarships are not paid at all, and even, on the contrary, in order to become a participant, one must pay an entrance fee - as a kind of payment for the right to bear the title of corresponding member or full member of such a non-state public Academy.
Related « public academies» the abroad our former compatriots. They quickly trade in titles, diplomas and certificates, making money on this, and not on science. And in Russia the number is growing"foreign academicians ", having beautiful"candy wrappers ", with notes in a foreign language, as if confirming their mythical international scientific status...
One of the academic titles that is quite common among higher education institutions is associate professor. This title, like many others, has Latin roots and is directly related to our universities and academies. It is also interesting that the ancient name has taken root well in the Russian language. In foreign universities, neither the position of associate professor nor a similar title is mentioned almost anywhere.
Origin of the word
The term “docent” is one of the forms of the Latin verb docere, which translated means “to teach”, “to train”. Oddly enough, such a capacious scientific title has not taken root in European universities. The first assistant professors appeared in Russia in 1863. The new position began with the education reform approved by Emperor Alexander II. This resolution aimed to standardize scientific titles and unify them in accordance with European requirements.
First associate professors
In the Russian educational system, an associate professor is a person who has a master's degree and lectures at a scientific institution. Only full-time employees of a higher educational institution had the right to bear this title. Persons conducting private lectures and working freelance were not addressed this way. Since 1884, this position was renamed “privat-docent” and remained in this form until the early 1930s. After this, the title disappeared from scientific terminology. He was replaced by a new one - a senior researcher (or employee).
Revival of the scientific title
Currently, in Russia and the countries of the former Soviet Union, there is both the title of associate professor and its derivatives. Differences in the definitions of position and scientific degree outlined the range of responsibilities of these specialists.
In the Russian language, there is some confusion with the use of this term, because it is both a person and a scientific title. For example, an associate professor of a department is a researcher who has a higher professional education and has worked as a teacher for at least three years. This position is responsible for organizing the research and administrative work of the department. As a rule, an associate professor is a candidate of sciences who conducts his own research work. The employee holding this position reports directly to the head of the department. If a researcher stops teaching and leaves the university, he ceases to be called an associate professor.
It’s another matter if this title is transferred not by position, but by specialty. Here in the forefront is the assistant professor of science. An applicant for this title must have an academic degree of at least a candidate's degree and constantly conduct scientific work. The presence of thematic publications on the profile for a certain amount of time is also required. After the expiration of a certain period (at least three years), an associate professor has the right to submit documents to be granted the appropriate title. This award is formalized within the walls of the same university where the candidate conducted his scientific and teaching activities. The associate professor submits all the necessary documents to the faculty council, and his candidacy is considered for this position and an appropriate decision is made.
Requirements
In order to be sure of receiving this title, the applicant must:
- have a scientific degree of doctor or candidate of science;
- have teaching experience in higher educational institutions in their own specialty;
- the applicant’s scientific and pedagogical experience must be at least five years;
- at least one methodological thematic article must be presented, according to the list of disciplines that are taught at this department;
- At least one scientific article must be provided, published after the defense of the dissertation.
This is the required minimum for consideration of a candidate for the title of associate professor. Sometimes the candidate's work experience is also taken into account.
Cherished dream
The desire to become an assistant professor is observed among the majority of young assistants who continue to work within the walls of their home university after defending their diploma. Newly minted masters and graduate students dream of their own lectures, a name in scientific circles, their own textbooks and scientific discoveries. After all, an associate professor is the immediate supervisor of the educational process. Under appropriate conditions and due diligence, a researcher can become the head of a department, dean of a faculty, or be a curator. There is an opinion that an associate professor is only a stepping stone to the coveted title of professor, and then academician of sciences. But this path is very, very difficult.
Responsibilities of an assistant professor
To continue your scientific growth, it is important to think about the topic of your next research and dissertation.
You should also be very careful when choosing a leader. His status in scientific circles and reputation within the university will help make the final choice in favor of one candidate or another. Please note that a good-natured supervisor will accept your work faster. But only the tough and picky will make it flawless. A permissive supervisor has little chance of getting a promising and truly cutting-edge topic. As a rule, they do not look for hard paths and offer applicants proven, well-worn options. A demanding leader will be quite picky about the choice of a scientific topic and the methods of its disclosure, but before the scientific council, the candidate for the next scientific title will present an ideal and thoroughly tested work that can be easily defended.
A good assistant professor gives more than one hundred and fifty hours of lectures on thematic disciplines during the academic year. His responsibilities include conducting seminars and laboratory work, helping students prepare and submit coursework and diploma projects. One of the most difficult responsibilities of an assistant professor is supervising one of the groups of students. Such specialists are also often on duty in student dormitories, and are responsible for administrative and social workloads. For these duties, associate professors are entitled to additional paid leave of 48 working days.
An associate professor who dreams of a further scientific career is obliged to engage in research activities, publish his own articles in scientific periodicals, and keep abreast of all events in the scientific world. Currently, every specialist has the opportunity to publish his work in a foreign publication. Such publications are valued higher and paid better.
Associate professors abroad
Currently, there is no position of assistant professor in foreign universities. In US educational institutions, his duties are performed by a lecturer. He also organizes and conducts lectures for students. Another position - associate professor or assistant professor - involves organizational work. Thus, the duties of one domestic assistant professor are sometimes performed by two or more people.