(Orange Lantern Corps) - the body appears in the universe. The Orange Lantern Corps consists of only one member, Larfleeze also known as (Agent Orange), as he guards his power very jealously from everyone else. Orange Light is the embodiment of emotion - greed. The rest of the Orange Corps are projections of creatures that were killed by Larfleeze.
Biography
Larfleeze is the first and for a long time was the sole owner of the power of orange light. In fact, little is known about his past other than that he comes from a race that has a very long lifespan, as Larfleeze has been around for over several billion years. He was taken away from his parents for reasons unknown and was forced to work as a slave. The time he lived as a slave was very cruel and harsh: his ruthless and evil masters starved Larfleeze and his fellow slaves in order to get rid of those who were too weak. Such cruelty and deprivation of even the most basic rights to existence greatly influenced Larfleeze, who at a certain point began to “hear” the voice of material wealth that was asking him to possess it. Some time later, Larfleeze and other members of his species managed to escape, and therefore became wanted criminals.
Billions of years ago, Larfleeze belonged to a small group of thieves who arrived on the planet Maltus and stole several artifacts from there, including a mystical box that was said to be worth more than a star system if the right buyer could be found for it. The Guardians of the Universe retaliated and sent their Manhunters after the thieves. Among the valuables they stole, the thieves discovered a certain map that belonged to Krona (one of the Guardians of the Universe), and was supposed to lead to countless treasures. The Thieves Guild followed the map and arrived on the planet Okaara in the Vega system. There they discovered a temple, inside of which was a Power Battery containing the Orange Light of Greed. Succumbing to the influence of the light, the criminals began to fight among themselves for the right to possess it. The Guardians eventually arrived along with the Manhunters, who wanted to return the box, but due to Larfleeze and the others being close to the battery, the Guardians were unable to take it.
The Guardians and Manhunters who tried to take her were burned by the Orange Light of Greed. Fearing the power of the Orange Light, the Guardians offered the two surviving members of the guild (by this time, of the five only Larfleeze and Bluch remaining) a deal. The criminals give them this mystical box, and the Guardians, in turn, will allow them to possess the Orange Light, but they set two conditions. Firstly, as long as the Orange Light remains within the Vega system, the Guardians will not interfere. Secondly, for the safety of others, only one of the two thieves will be allowed to wield the Orange Light. Larfleeze explained that the Guardians were desperate and really wanted to return the box back, because it contained an entity that is the embodiment of fear, it was. Agreeing to the terms, Larfleeze and Bluch began to fight to the death for the right to possess the Orange Light, with Larfleeze ultimately emerging victorious.
The Guardians left, and the Vega system was declared outside the jurisdiction of the Green Lantern Corps.
For billions of years, Larfleeze was left alone and in complete peace. But one day, when the Green Lanterns were pursuing criminals known as the Spider Guild (later members of the Sinestro Corps), they ended up in the Vega system, thereby violating the agreement they had made with the Guardians. Larfleeze then simply ignored this violation of his boundaries, believing that the Lanterns did not pursue the goal of mastering the Orange Light. But the last straw in his patience was the arrival of the Controllers. Wanting to gain the power that would allow them to make their own powerful army, the Controllers arrived on the planet Okaara in search of the source of the Orange Power. They made their way through the Forest of Weeds and descended into an underground palace, where they finally discovered the Orange Lantern, but when one of the Controllers picks it up, many projections of Orange creatures appear and attack them. Ultimately, the Controllers were absorbed by Larfleeze.
A little later, when a Green Lantern named Stel (from Sector 3009) pursued a member of the Sinestro Corps (from Sector 2825) in Sector 2828, within the boundaries of the Vega system. Having left sector 2828 and found himself in the territory of the Vega system, a member of the Sinestro Corps was absorbed by a huge projection of a creature from the Orange Corps. After Stel called for reinforcements, he was attacked by the creature, which wounded Stel and branded him with the Orange Corps. The Green Lanterns manage to save Stel and return him to , where he appeared before the Guardians. Who were shocked to see the Orange symbol on it, but were even more surprised when a projection of Larfleeze appeared from it. His projection accused the Guardians of not following the terms of their agreement to respect boundaries and that the Controllers were trying to take away his power. When the Guardians tried to explain to Agent Orange that the Controllers were no longer connected to them (for billions of years), he did not want to listen to them. Instead, Larfleeze began making demands that they would have to fulfill if they didn't want his Lantern Corps to come after them. But Scar said that they were not negotiating with terrorists and destroyed the energy structure. Scar also suggested to the Guardians that the Vega system again become under the jurisdiction of the Green Lanterns, as well as enter into a war with the Orange Lantern Corps.
The Guardians, along with the Green Lanterns, travel to the Viga system and attack the planet Okaara. Among the Lanterns was Hal Jordan, who at the time possessed both the Green and Blue Rings. Arriving on Okaara, the Greens fought the Oranges in the Weed Forest. During the battle, a Green Lantern named Gretti was killed. When Larfleeze senses the Blue Ring of Power, he grabs Hal and drags him underground, where Jordan comes face to face with Larfleeze, who says he wants the Blue Ring. Jordan promises to give it to him if he tells how he met with the Guardians, to which he agrees. When Larfleeze finished the story, he demands the ring, Hal explained that he cannot take it off, after which Larfleeze cuts off Hal's hand on which the ring is. It is later revealed that it was, in fact, an illusion created by the ring. Hal continues to fight Larfleeze, and in the battle Hal creates a projection of an army of Green Lanterns to fight Agent Orange. While Larfleeze's attention is completely focused on Jordan, the Guardians manage to break into his lair. Hal fights Larfleeze and Blue Ring asks him "what are you hoping for?" Hal responds that he hopes it will stop asking him this question. The ring recognizes the sincerity in his voice, after which it fully charges the rings of the Green Lantern Corps. Sufficiently discharged, the ring is removed from Jordan's finger and quickly flies away to find a worthy successor from Sector 2814. Larfleeze blames the Guardians for the fact that "the blue light has disappeared" and says that he is ready to use his power against them.
The Guardians realize that they could not extinguish the Orange Light and attempt to avoid further combat. The Guardians enter into negotiations with Larfleeze and conclude a new deal. In exchange for ending the battle between them, the Guardians tell Larfleeze where he can obtain the Blue Ring. After which, Agent Orange travels to the planet Odym, which is the home of , intending to obtain the ring.
Dark night
While on Odim, the Blue Lanterns welcome their newest member, they suddenly notice that the Orange Lantern Corps has arrived and immediately attacks them. To obtain the source of the Blue Lanterns' power.
The Blue Lanterns found themselves outnumbered by the enormous might of the Orange Lantern Corps, even though they had their Guardians Ganthet and Said with them. Orange projections began to lift the Central Battery of Blue Lanterns from the surface of Odym to take it with them to Okaara, where at that time the Orange Agent was located, who was observing what was happening through the orange battery. However, this process was interrupted by the resurrected victims of Agent Orange (the bodies of those whose projections are in the service of the Orange Corps) on Okaara, who became participants.
While Agent Orange was being pursued by the Black Lanterns, the leader, Atrocitus, appears on Okaara, who can be said to have saved Larfleeze. However, Atrocitus did not do this out of good intentions, but wanted to take the Orange Battery from him in order to increase his power to fight against the Black Lanterns. Larfleeze, of course, couldn't give it to him, so they started fighting among themselves.
And this time, Larfleeze was lucky, because during their battle, Lanterns from different corps arrive on Okaaru: Saint Walker, Hal Jordan, Carol Ferris, Indigo and Sinestro, who stop the fight. They tell them about the events of "Blackest Night" and tell Atrocitus and Larfleeze that they all need to temporarily join forces to defeat Nekron and his Black Lantern Corps. Larfleeze agreed only on the condition that he be given his own Guardian of the Universe. Sade sacrificed herself for the cause, she agreed, saying that she would serve Larfleeze if he helped them.
Then they all teleported together to Earth to the city of Star City, where they encountered Nekron and they joined forces to defeat him. However, their attempt to destroy the Central Battery of the Black Lantern Corps was ineffective, and on the contrary, endowed Nekron with even greater power. While they wait for help, Ganthet uses his power to duplicate the rings, saying that despite their differences, the rings are based on Oa technology, allowing them to produce duplicates that will work within 24 hours. The duplicates then go in search of their masters. The Orange Corps ring is found and placed on Lex Luthor due to his desire for power. Luthor, being overwhelmed by greed, begins to fight with Agent Orange and tries to take his ring, as well as everyone else's rings. He tells Agent Orange that the Orange Ring's power is the same as the Black Ring's, it takes on the identity of whoever it kills, and that the only thing he ever wanted was to be Superman, who was at the time under the Black Ring's power. Lex tries to kill Superman in order to steal his identity and turn him into an Orange Lantern to command him. In addition, Luthor manages to take the yellow ring from Scarecrow, who was inducted into the Sinestro Corps and even tried to take the Red Ring from Mera, but was stopped by other Lanterns. But he was finally stopped by Agent Orange, who knocked out Luthor by hitting him with his Orange Power Battery.
Bright Day
Larfleeze and his Orange Lantern Corps decided to stay until they could gain everything Earth had to offer. However, Krona soon intervenes in his affairs, sending Hector Hammond to steal the Power Battery from him. He succeeds and Hector becomes the new host of a creature called the Snake (who is imprisoned in the Orange Lantern's battery). This causes Larfleeze to once again team up with the Lanterns he helped during the Dark Night to capture the Emotional Entities and stop Kron.
Composition of the Orange Lantern Corps
Leaders
- Larfleeze - Sector 2828. The only member of the Orange Lantern Corps. He's too greedy to share his rings. However, during the events of Blackest Night, when Gantheth uses his powers to create a duplicate of his ring, it is possessed by Lex Luther.
Participants
- Cade - Sector 2. He is a world-famous thief, Cade was found by Larfleeze, after which he became his right hand. Cade earned the nickname "Sneaky" for his talents. He is from an unknown race, has orange skin, four legs with three toes, and also has the ability to stick to walls. He had a relationship with a Green Lantern, a girl named Jade. When Larflizo found out about this, Cade was exiled and joined the Indigo Tribe.
- Bloom - Sector 2751. An Orange Lantern with the appearance of a huge alien head, he comes from the planet Blobba. He patrols the Vega system. He absorbed a Sinestro Corps member from Sector 2825 and branded the Green Lantern named Stel with the Orange Lantern logo. During the events of Blackest Night, he was revived as a member of the Black Lantern Corps.
- Clypta - Sector 2829. An Orange Lantern from the Thieves star system who was resurrected as a member of the Black Lantern Corps during the events of Blackest Night.
- Controllers Arrive on Okaaru in search of the source of the Orange Light's power, which they planned to use to create their own body. After finding the Orange Lantern, they encountered Larfleeze, who killed them all and thereby swelled the ranks of the Orange Lantern army.
- Glomulus - Sector 2826. When he accidentally finds Larfleeze's palace, he was absorbed by Bloom and turned into one of the Orange Lanterns. During the events of Blackest Night, he was revived as a member of the Black Lantern Corps.
- Gretti - Sector 2828. A former Green Lantern who was torn apart by Larfleeze's projections during the Green Lantern attack on Okaara. After his death, his identity was stolen and he was immediately revived as an Orange Lantern. During the events of Blackest Night, he was revived as a member of the Black Lantern Corps.
- Guardians of the Universe While Larfleeze's thieves' guild and the Guardians were fighting for the orange lantern, one of the Guardians was killed. He was shown transformed into a projection into an Orange Lantern. However, Sade stated that Larfleeze could not transform the Guardian into an Orange Lantern, suggesting that the Guardian's projection was a normal construct and not the spirit of the Guardian.
- Nat-Nat - Sector 228. An Orange Lantern from the planet Limea Doom who was revived as a member of the Black Lantern Corps during the events of Blackest Night.
- Sound Dancer - Sector 911. An Orange Lantern from the Obsidian Depths who was revived as a member of the Black Lantern Corps during the events of Blackest Night.
- Tammal-Tayn - Sector 2813. An Orange Lantern from the planet Fulip who was revived as a member of the Black Lantern Corps during the events of Blackest Night.
- Turpa A member of the same thieves guild as Larfleeze, he is from the planet Ogatu. Together with the guild, they steal the map from the Guardian. Turpa was killed by the power of the Orange Light before Larfleeze and Bluch began fighting to the death for the Orange Lantern.
- Warp Wrap - Sector 2. An Orange Lantern from the planet Cairo who was revived as a member of the Black Lantern Corps during the events of Blackest Night.
Former members
- Hal Jordan - Sector 2814, who, during his first meeting with Larfleeze, was able to take possession of the Orange Battery and temporarily became a member of the Corps. But Larfleeze got his Power Battery back after Hal was overwhelmed by the Orange Light's hunger.
- (Lex Luthor) - Sector 2814. During the Darkest Night storyline, Luthor received the ring and became a member of the Corps for 24 hours.
- Hector Hammond - Sector 2814. An enemy of Hal Jordan who, after ingesting the Orange Lantern Battery and freeing the Serpent, he becomes possessed by the Deceiver. Although he did not have the Orange Ring with him, being the master of the entity, he did not need it.
- Krona - Sector 0. During the events Green Lantern Wars, Krona briefly manages to take control of Larfleeze's ring, as well as the other six rings he used against the Green Lantern Corps, but the ring returned to its owner after Hal Jordan killed Krona.
- Kyle Rayner - Sector 2814 When Kyle becomes a "ring magnet", one of the ring magnets he attracts is the Orange Lantern Ring.
Oath
What's mine is mine
And mine and mine,
And mine, and mine, and mine!
Not yours!
Capabilities
Agent Orange is the only owner of the Orange Light of Greed, he wields an orange ring and a Power Battery to charge it. Some of the basic abilities are similar to those of other Corps rings: the ability to fly and the ability to create energy constructs. Orange Light's most unique feature is the ability to steal the identities of those killed by Agent Orange. After these creatures die, they appear as orange projections that serve Agent Orange. Orange Lanterns are capable of stealing the identities of others for Larfleeze. Orange light also has the ability to absorb energy constructs made from Green light, but cannot absorb energy constructs made from blue and violet light. When Larfleeze encountered a team of New Guardians, consisting of representatives of six other corps, the only lantern capable of destroying his structures was a decoy from the Indigo Tribe.
Larfleeze's power increases as he is in constant contact with his battery. Thanks to this, he can create projections of all the creatures whose identities he stole, even when Larfleeze is very far away from them. Larfleeze's control over his ring is so strong that he was able to maintain control of his ring when a mystical outside force turned Kyle Rayner into a ring magnet. However, Orange Light causes an insatiable hunger in its owner (which can be satisfied if a Blue Lantern is nearby).
In the media
Cartoon series
Larfleeze appears in the Green Lantern animated series, voiced by Dee Bradley Baker. He appears in the episode "Larfleeze", in which Razer first tells Hal and Kilowog the legend of the Orange Lanterns. Then they go to the planet Okaara to borrow Larfleeze's battery, but he doesn't want to give it to him. When Jordan takes it, he is attacked by projections of the Orange creatures, as well as a projection of Larfleeze himself. Hal becomes a member of the Orange Lantern Corps for a time, but manages to quit when his teammates arrive.
Video games
Larfleeze appears in the game DC Universe Online.
Larfleeze appears in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham.
Agent Orange (1:1 mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) 2,4-D and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), as well as other substances (Agent Purple, Agent Pink, Agent Blue, Agent White and Agent Green) due to simplified synthesis technology contained significant concentrations of dioxins, which cause cancer and genetic mutations in people who came into contact with them. In total, about 14% of Vietnam was exposed to this poison. Since 1980, attempts have been made to achieve compensation through litigation, including with the companies producing these substances (Dow Chemical and Monsanto). US, New Zealand, Australian and Canadian veterans received compensation in 1984. Payments were denied to Vietnamese and South Korean victims.
It was first used over the Ca Mau Peninsula in southern Vietnam in September 1961. The total amount of chemicals sprayed by the Americans during the war was about 72 million liters. Of these, the majority (55%) is Agent Orange, so named because of the color of the identification tape on the containers.
According to the US Department of Defense, from 1961 to 1971, the Americans sprayed 72 million liters of Agent Orange defoliant (this substance was used during the Vietnam War) on 10% of the territory of South Vietnam, including 44 million liters containing dioxin. 
According to the Vietnamese Society of Dioxin Victims, of the three million Vietnamese victims of the chemical, more than a million people under the age of 18 have become disabled and suffer from hereditary diseases.
Dioxin is a persistent substance, entering the human body with water and food, it causes various liver and blood diseases, massive congenital deformities of newborns and disruption of the normal course of pregnancy. After the US military used defoliants after the war, several tens of thousands of people died. In total, there are approximately 4.8 million victims of defoliant spraying in Vietnam, including three million directly affected.
The US military also used gases; caused artificial cloud formation and acid rain by treating clouds with chemicals and acidifying the atmosphere; sprayed chemicals causing massive fires in the jungle
Operation Ranch Hand
A long-term operation of the US armed forces during the Vietnam War, aimed at destroying vegetation in South Vietnam and Laos.
Defoliants were used to destroy vegetation, sprayed from C-123 aircraft, helicopters and from the ground. The purpose of the spraying was to destroy jungle vegetation, which made it easier to detect units of the North Vietnamese army and guerrillas of the National Front. In addition, defoliants were used to destroy crops in areas completely controlled by the enemy, thereby depriving him of a significant part of his food supply.
Operation Ranch Hand began in January 1962 and continued until 1971. The chemical agents used were named Pink, Green, Purple, Blue, Orange (the names came from the color of the containers containing the chemicals). The most famous was Agent Orange, which turned out to be toxic to the human body. The largest defoliant treatment was carried out in the Rung Sat Special Zone in the Mekong Delta, military zones C and D. A total of 68,000 m³ of defoliants were sprayed over South Vietnam, the bulk of which was Agent Orange. In addition, spraying also occurred over Laos, where the main part of the Ho Chi Minh Trail lay.
American troops primarily used four herbicide formulations: purple, orange, white and blue. Their main components were: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, picloram and cacodylic (dimethylarsinic) acid. The orange formulation (against forests) and blue (against rice and other crops) were most actively used. To better disperse the chemicals, kerosene or diesel fuel was added to them.
Even during the war, the use of defoliants was criticized; It was subsequently discovered that Agent Orange caused severe illness in large numbers of American and South Korean soldiers, as well as the local Vietnamese population. Currently, residents of many areas in southern Vietnam continue to experience the consequences of Operation Ranch Hand.
Chemicals continue to negatively affect the health of even those Vietnamese who were born on affected lands years after the end of the war. Children are born with birth defects, physical and mental. Many of them are at increased risk of cancer. Vietnamese doctors believe that Agent Orange is to blame.
"It's all because the US sprayed chemicals- says Hong Tien Dong, a village doctor who has lived in the contaminated area all his life. - Before this, this area was clean, but now everything here is contaminated."
In the late 1990s, Canadian researchers took samples of soil, water, and the fish and ducks living in it, as well as samples of human tissue. They found that in contaminated areas, the concentration of dioxins in the soil was 13 times higher than normal, and in the fatty tissues of the human body - 20 times higher than normal. 
Japanese scientists who compared contaminated and uninfested areas found that contaminated areas were three times more likely to have children with a cleft palate, known as a cleft palate, or with extra fingers and toes. 
In addition, children born in these areas are eight times more likely to have an umbilical hernia and three times more likely to have congenital mental disabilities.
Dioxin as one of the components of Agent Orange (a little chemistry)
The reason for the exceptional toxicity of dioxins is the ability of these substances
surprisingly accurately fit into the receptors of living organisms and suppress or change their vital functions.
Experts accuse dioxins that, by suppressing the immune system and grossly interfering with the processes of cell division and specialization, they provoke the development of cancer. Dioxins also invade the complex, impeccably functioning functioning of the endocrine glands. They interfere with reproductive function, sharply slowing down puberty and often leading to female and male infertility. They cause deep disturbances in almost all metabolic processes, suppress and disrupt the functioning of the immune system, leading to the state of so-called “chemical AIDS”.
Defoliant
Defoliant is a substance that causes plant leaves to fall off. Calcium cyanamide, magnesium chlorate, and so on are used as defoliants. Defoliants differ from herbicides in that the former only cause leaf fall, while the latter destroy plants or stop their growth.
The action of defoliants is associated with the intensive formation of ethylene in the plant - a natural growth regulator that promotes the formation of a separating layer in the leaves.
On the farm, defoliants are used for pre-harvest processing of cotton (usually at the stage of opening 1-4 bolls) in order to speed up the opening of bolls and facilitate machine harvesting.
Herbicide
Herbicide. White powder. Contains 50% active ingredient. It dissolves poorly in water. Destroys a large number of annual and perennial weed species, but also has a detrimental effect on vegetable crops, and in high doses (above 1 g per square meter) on young trees and shrubs.
There are selective and continuous action herbicides; The former destroy only some plants, the latter - all vegetation. This division is to a certain extent arbitrary, since many herbicides lose their selectivity as their dose (or concentration in the preparation) increases. There are also contact herbicides, which attack the plant at points of contact with it, and systemic herbicides, which are able to move through the vascular system of the plant from the site of absorption to the site of action. According to the conditions of use, herbicides are divided into soil or pre-emergence (they are introduced into the soil or applied to it before sowing or before emergence), and foliar or post-emergence. Soil herbicides are absorbed by seeds, roots, and seedlings, while leaf herbicides are absorbed by the above-ground parts of plants during various periods of the growing season.
Herbicidal activity is due to their ability to penetrate certain parts of the plant, move in it, influence the life processes of the plant, and also undergo metabolism under the action of enzymes or other substances contained in the plant and soil, with the formation of less (or more) toxic products.
It's good when the war is far from you. (With)
When people die and cities are destroyed somewhere out there, far away, and all you know about it is information from news releases or morning newspapers.
Over the past 100 years, America has participated in more than a dozen wars, but not once did this happen on its territory. No one attacked her, but she intervened and is interfering everywhere - Nicaragua, Cuba, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Germany, Japan (perhaps the only time America was actually attacked), Korea, Guatemala, Lebanon, Laos, Cambodia, Grenada , Panama, Iraq twice, Haiti, Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Libya, and, of course, one of the most famous wars involving Americans - Vietnam.
One of the most famous and, probably, the most shameful for the United States. A war in which a superpower with enormous resources, a super-equipped army and advanced military equipment could not do anything with the North Vietnamese army and powerful guerrilla resistance.
Neither massive bombings, nor scorched earth tactics, nor brutal reprisals against local residents who supported the partisans, nor the use of the infamous “Agent Orange”, which made tens of thousands of people disabled and deformed during the war and makes them so even in our time, helped. There are still mass cases of children being born with very serious physical and mental injuries.
In Ho Chi Minh City, the former capital of South Vietnam, then called Saigon, there is a “Museum of War Victims”, which displays horrifying exhibits and hundreds of chilling photographs taken, including by American soldiers. The museum is not for the faint of heart. A museum that reveals the true face of the country - the champion of democracy and human values - America. A country that time after time, regardless of the human values of other countries, sends its soldiers there...
2. This museum amazed me no less than the huge, amazing Auschwitz.
Yes, someone will say that there are more photographs in this museum than machine guns and military equipment, but... these photographs penetrate much deeper into the consciousness than the weapons lying under glass.
These photographs, many of which were taken not even by war correspondents, but by the soldiers themselves, show all the pain and suffering of people who, against their will, found themselves participants and hostages in a senseless and merciless meat grinder. 
3. This photo is the first one seen by everyone who enters the museum hall. The famous photo symbolizing the end of that war - the sincere happiness of a girl who lost both arms in it, but was insanely happy about the ordinary, peaceful rain, and not Agent Orange falling from the sky... 
4. The museum has several halls, but I will start with the very last one.
You want to leave it as soon as you enter here.
This room is dedicated to the largest ecocide in the history of all wars.
The Americans, unable to do anything about the massive and fierce guerrilla resistance in the dense jungle terrain, resorted to extremely brutal tactics. They used a terrible chemical weapon called Agent Orange - a mixture of defoliants and synthetic herbicides that burned all the vegetation over the vast area over which it was sprayed. And the worst thing is that this mixture contains a very high concentration of dioxin, which causes cancer and genetic mutations in people who come into contact with them. 
5. This is what the mangrove forests in the Mekong Delta looked like shortly after Agent Orange was used here. In total, during the war, more than 14% of the territory of Vietnam was exposed to this poison. According to the US Department of Defense, from 1962 to 1971, the Americans sprayed 77 million liters of Agent Orange defoliant in South Vietnam, including 44 million liters containing dioxin.
6. Naturally, during the “processing” of the jungle, the defoliant fell on a huge number of people, causing severe burns that became fatal for humans. 
7. The large-scale use of Agent Orange led to an environmental disaster in Vietnam. Mangrove forests suffered the most - they were almost completely destroyed. Chemical weapons affected 60% of the jungle and more than 30% of the lowland forests. In the “orange” areas, only a few species of trees and several species of thorny grasses, unsuitable for livestock feed, survived.
The ecological balance has been shaken, or rather, collapsed. The microbiological composition of soils and water has changed, animals, birds, fish, amphibians and even insects have almost completely disappeared.
But the worst thing is that huge concentrations of dioxin remained in the soil and water, continuing to affect people, including the unborn. 
8. When dioxin enters the body, it causes cancer of the respiratory tract, various problems with the liver and blood, suppresses the functioning of the immune system and leads to a state of so-called “chemical AIDS”. It also disrupts the normal course of pregnancy, which is why more than a million Vietnamese children born after the war in contaminated territory have serious birth defects and abnormalities. 
9. The museum contains more than a hundred photographs of the victims of Agent Orange, taken at different times, including the 80s, 90s and 2000s, 
10.
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15. In the center of the hall there is perhaps the most terrible exhibit - a container with formaldehyde in which conjoined twins rest - the result of the effects of dioxin on the mother’s body, fortunately for the twins, who died before giving birth... 
16. Orange Hall. Here is all the horror of American crimes in Vietnam 
17. Next to the main building of the museum there is an equally terrifying “exhibit” - a South Vietnamese prison.
The Vietnam War itself was distinguished by the particularly harshness of the parties towards each other, including prisoners.
To be captured meant dooming oneself to inhuman suffering and constant torture. All this happened in such prisons on both sides of the front line. 
16. Cage cells, open at the top for easy observation of prisoners, their feeding and... abuse. 
17. The interior of the cell and the wax figure of a prisoner chained to a special device that does not even allow normal sleep.. 
18. Instruments of torture. As a rule, these were simple sticks, nunchucks, hooks, as well as telephones, with the help of which prisoners were shocked 
20. Guillotine and wicker head box 
21. Lying down cells - another sophisticated torture 
22. Weapons used in Vietnam by the Americans.
Needle bomb. Terrible weapon.
The filling of such a bomb is hundreds of needles, which, when the bomb explodes, scatter to the sides, hitting everything around them.
Such “fragments” are poorly visible even on X-rays, which makes medical care for the wounded difficult. Needle bombs are prohibited by the 1980 UN Convention. 
23. Push action butterfly mine 
24. Ball bomb. “Works” in the same way as the needle one and is also prohibited by the 1980 UN Convention. 
25. In the courtyard of the museum there are exhibits of American military equipment.
A-1 Skyraider attack aircraft. These aircraft took part in the first raid on North Vietnam on August 5, 1964. The A-1's low speed and long time in the air allowed it to escort rescue helicopters, including over North Vietnam. Having reached the area where the downed pilot was located, the Skyraiders began patrolling and, if necessary, suppressed identified enemy anti-aircraft positions. They were used in this role almost until the end of the war. 
26. Light two-seat attack aircraft A-37 Dragonfly (based on Cessna), developed on the basis of the T-37 training aircraft in the mid-1960s. Actively used during the Vietnam War. The design of the A-37 saw a return to the idea of an attack aircraft as a well-armored aircraft for close support of troops, which was subsequently developed with the creation of the Su-25 and A-10 attack aircraft. 
27. The famous Huey - Bell UH-1 Iroquois. The UH-1 became the main helicopter of the US armed forces in Southeast Asia and one of the symbols of the Vietnam War. The first experience of mass use of Hueys in a combat situation was gained by the newly formed 1st Cavalry (Airmobile) Division, which arrived in Vietnam in September 1965. It was the first division in the world in which the main means of moving personnel was not armored personnel carriers, but helicopters. 
28. Armament of the Huey modification, known as the Gunship 
29. In the cockpit of a Boeing CH-47 Chinook military transport helicopter.
"Chinooks" were actively used during the Vietnam War and were also actively shot down - in total, the Americans lost about 200 helicopters for combat and operational reasons. During the Vietnam War, pilots first encountered RPG-7 grenade launchers, from which a lot of these vehicles were shot down. In one case, a Chinook shot down by this grenade launcher killed 29 American soldiers. 
30. Landing boat. They were actively used in the Mekong Delta, which is replete with thousands of rivers and channels 
31. American bomber wing 
32. Air bombs that literally littered the South Vietnamese jungle.
Over eight years, 17 million air bombs were dropped on South Vietnam and 217 million artillery shells were exploded. 
33. M41 Walker Bulldog Tank 
34. The Americans even had military bulldozers... 
35. And the Vietnamese partisans used light homemade bicycles, on which they quietly and imperceptibly penetrated into American rear areas and committed hundreds of acts of sabotage there... 
36. I’ll finish this story about the museum of the American defeat in Vietnam with another famous photograph.
This work by Associated Press photographer Nick Ut went around the world, revealing all the ins and outs of the Vietnam War. The photo shows a 9-year-old girl, Kim Phuc, with burns from napalm.
On June 8, 1972, a group of civilians were heading toward government positions when a South Vietnamese Air Force pilot mistook the men for Viet Cong and dropped napalm bombs on them.
At the hospital, doctors concluded that Kim Phuc's burns were fatal, but she survived and returned home after 17 plastic surgeries. In 1992, she received political asylum in Canada. Today he lives with his family in Ontario... 
Effect on the body
Agent Orange is a mixture of defoliants and synthetic herbicides, named for the orange color of the shipping barrels. During the war, American aircraft sprayed 72 million liters of chemical weapons, including 44 million liters of dioxin-containing substances, on the territory of South Vietnam (which is about 14% of the country's territory).
Dioxin is a powerful xenobiotic (from the Greek “alien to life”), that is, a substance that is not part of the natural biotic cycle. This group also includes petroleum products, persistent plastics, pesticides, freons, synthetic surfactants, heavy metals, etc. In nature, dioxins are formed as a result of natural processes such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires. These substances are practically immortal: they are weakly broken down and accumulate both in the human body and in the biosphere of the planet.
When dioxin enters the body, it causes cancer of the respiratory tract, various problems with the liver and blood, suppresses the functioning of the immune system and leads to a state of so-called “chemical AIDS.” It also disrupts the normal course of pregnancy, which is why more than a million Vietnamese children born after the war in contaminated territory have serious birth defects and abnormalities. The soldiers of the American army themselves also suffered...
Consequences of using weapons
The large-scale use of Agent Orange led to an environmental disaster in Vietnam. Mangrove forests suffered the most - they were almost completely destroyed. Chemical weapons affected 60% of the jungle and more than 30% of the lowland forests. In the “orange” areas, only a few species of trees and several types of thorny grasses, unsuitable for livestock feed, survived.
The ecological balance has been shaken, or rather, collapsed. The microbiological composition of soils and water has changed, animals, birds, fish, amphibians and even insects have almost completely disappeared - and their place has been taken by more “accommodating” and tenacious competitors. For example, local rats were replaced by rodents that carried plague in Asia. Instead of practically harmless ticks and mosquitoes, their foreign relatives - carriers of dangerous diseases - have settled here.
It should be added that the nature of Vietnam was destroyed not only by American chemicals: the military also used other methods to combat vegetation as part of the Ranch Hand program. Thus, over eight years, 17 million aircraft bombs were dropped on South Vietnam and 217 million artillery shells were exploded. Chemicals were sprayed from the air to artificially create acid rain, as well as mixtures that caused severe fires in the jungle.
If the tropical forests provided shelter to the local population, the fields served as a source of food. The US Army actively implemented the “scorched earth tactics” - a method of warfare that involved the destruction of everything usable or potentially useful to the enemy. Therefore, in addition to the jungle, about 70% of coconut plantations were subjected to chemical attacks, as well as extensive crops of bananas, papaya, rice, sweet potatoes, tomatoes and other food crops. So that life wouldn't seem so bad at all, the military used heavy tracked equipment to remove the surface layer of the earth (after which the soil became unsuitable for farming), and destroyed dams and irrigation structures.
Justice must be restored
Veterans of the USA, New Zealand, Australia and Canada received compensation for their poor health back in 1984: they had to sue the companies that produced Agent Orange - the industrial monsters Monsanto and Dow Chemical. In 1999, about 20 thousand South Korean veterans of the Vietnam War tried to follow their example and filed a lawsuit demanding compensation. In 2006 alone, after a denial and a cross-appeal, chemical corporations were ordered to pay $62 million. But the numerous victims of dioxin among the civilian Vietnamese population - about 4.8 million people - were denied any financial assistance.
But at least the States have begun a program to clean up contaminated areas, which, alas, will not correct the actions of the past - but will help Vietnam hopefully step into the future. Apparently, the American authorities were prompted to do this by a 2009 study by the Canadian environmental company Hatfield Consultants, according to which the content of the chemical in contaminated areas is still 300-400 times higher than international maximum permissible concentrations.
“Error correction” technology
To neutralize the dioxin contained in Agent Orange, experts began to heat treat the soil. According to scientists, this will lead to the breakdown of the xenobiotic into harmless components. It was decided to start the “cleaning” from the most “hot spots” - the areas of Bien Hoa, Phu Cat and the area adjacent to the international airport of Danang in the central part of Vietnam. Here, Agent Orange was stored, mixed in barrels and loaded onto airplanes - during this disgrace, the chemical spilled onto the ground, poisoning groundwater and soil. The opening ceremony was attended by US Ambassador to Hanoi David Shear, the BBC reports.
Dioxin, as well as mines preserved from war times, are planned to be cleared from an area of 29 hectares by 2016, for which Washington has allocated $32 million. The American authorities had previously transferred some funds to help the state, which suffered severely from the policies of President Kennedy - it was he who, in August 1961, authorized the use of chemicals to destroy vegetation in South Vietnam, as well as many areas of Laos and Cambodia. However, today, for the first time, the United States openly extended a helping hand to Vietnam. It looks like we are witnessing a historical event!
What is Agent Orange
Agent Orange (a 1:1 mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), as well as other substances ( Agent Purple, Agent Pink, Agent Blue, Agent White and Agent Green) due to the simplified synthesis technology contained significant concentrations dioxins, which cause cancer and genetic mutations from people who came into contact with them. In total, about 14% of the territory Vietnam was exposed to this poison. Since 1980 Attempts are being made to achieve compensation through litigation, including with the companies producing these substances (Dow Chemical and Monsanto). Veterans USA, New Zealand, Australia and Canada received compensation in 1984. Payments were denied to Vietnamese and South Korean victims.
According to the US Department of Defense, from 1961 to 1971, the Americans sprayed 72 million liters of Agent Orange defoliant (this substance was used during the Vietnam War) on 10% of the territory of South Vietnam, including 44 million liters containing dioxin. According to the Vietnam Society for Dioxin Victims, of the three million Vietnamese victims of the chemical, over a million people under the age of 18 have become disabled, suffering from hereditary
Spraying defoliants from airplanes. South Vietnam
"Ranch Hand"
long term surgery US military forces during the Vietnam War, aimed at destroying vegetation in South Vietnam and Laos.
Defoliants sprayed from airplanes were used to destroy vegetation. C-123, helicopters and from the ground. The purpose of the spraying was to destroy jungle vegetation, which made it easier to detect units of the North Vietnamese army and guerrillas of the National Front. In addition, defoliants were used to destroy crops in areas completely controlled by the enemy, thereby depriving him of a significant part of his food supply.
Operation Ranch Hand was launched in January 1962 and continued until 1971. The chemical agents used were named Pink, Green, Purple, Blue, Orange (the names came from the color of the containers containing the chemicals). The most famous was Agent Orange, which turned out to be toxic to the human body. Were subjected to the greatest treatment with defoliants Rung Sat Special Zone in the Mekong Delta, military zones C and D. and A total of 68,000 m³ of defoliants were sprayed over South Vietnam, the bulk of which was Agent Orange. In addition, spraying also occurred over Laos, where the main part of the "Ho Chi Minh Trail".
Consequences
Even during the war, the use of defoliants was criticized; It was subsequently discovered that Agent Orange caused severe illness in large numbers of American and South Korean soldiers, as well as the local Vietnamese population. Currently, residents of many areas in southern Vietnam continue to experience the consequences of Operation Ranch Hand.
Chemicals continue to negatively affect the health of even those Vietnamese who were born on affected lands years after the end of the war. Children are born with birth defects, physical and mental. Many of them are at increased risk of cancer. Vietnamese doctors believe that Agent Orange is to blame.
"This is all because the US sprayed chemicals," says Hong Tien Dong, a village doctor who has lived in the contaminated area all his life. "Before this, this area was clean, but now everything here is contaminated."
In the late 1990s, Canadian researchers took samples of soil, water, and the fish and ducks living in it, as well as samples of human tissue. They found that in contaminated areas, the concentration of dioxins in the soil was 13 times higher than normal, and in the fatty tissues of the human body - 20 times higher than normal.
Japanese scientists who compared contaminated and uninfested areas found that contaminated areas were three times more likely to have children with a cleft palate, known as a cleft palate, or with extra fingers and toes.
In addition, children born in these areas are eight times more likely to have an umbilical hernia and three times more likely to have congenital mental disabilities.
Dioxin as one of the components of Agent Orange
Experts blame dioxins for suppressing immunity and grossly interfering with division processes and specialization of cells, they provoke the development oncological diseases. Dioxins also invade complex, impeccably running work. endocrine glands. Interfering with reproductive function, sharply slowing down puberty and often leading to female and male infertility. They cause deep disturbances in almost all metabolic processes, suppress and disrupt the functioning of the immune system, leading to the state of so-called “chemical AIDS”.
(Taken mainly from Wikipedia)