Seven decades ago, the salvos of the Great Patriotic War, which claimed the lives of millions of people, died down. The war brought death and ruin to our country, and did not spare the Nenets District. 9,383 people went to the front during the war, 3,046 people did not return from the battlefield.
The feat of the people, who defeated a terrible enemy, lives all this time in the people's memory. It is immortalized by the monuments of the Great Patriotic War, establishing a connection with the “terrible forties”.
In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, monuments and memorial plaques dedicated to the heroism of the people in the Great Patriotic War have been erected. Three memorial signs use objects of military equipment.
The earliest of them was installed in Naryan-Mar in 1946 in the area of the Naryan-Mar seaport. This is the Yak-7(b) aircraft, built during the war at the expense of shipyard workers. The monument has a complex and at the same time instructive history.
In 1944, workers and employees of the Naryan-Mar shipyard collected 81,740 rubles to build a fighter aircraft. In June of the same year, the plane was handed over to the pilot of the White Sea Military Flotilla Alexei Kondratyevich Tarasov. On the fuselage of the combat vehicle was the proud name “Naryan-Mar Shipbuilder”. Tarasov flew this “hawk” until the end of the war. On one of the combat missions, near the Vadso base (Norway), the pilot shot down two Foker Wulfs.
In 1946, the plane was returned to Naryan-Mar. The townspeople erected it as a monument. For ten years it stood without proper care and was seriously damaged: the rubber on the wheels became unusable, the fuselage lost its plywood, and someone removed the plexiglass from the cockpit. On June 15, 1956, by decision of the City Executive Committee, the plane... was written off. By order of Soviet officials, it was dismantled and taken to a landfill. This act received a great response in public circles of the city and district; war veterans were the first to defend the monument. Fortunately, the plane's engine was saved. In 1957, at the initiative of the public, it was installed near the building of the district museum.
On May 8, 2010, a prototype of the heroic Yak-7B aircraft was installed in the center of Naryan-Mar.
Today this is the only monument in the district that clearly shows the material contribution of the district residents to the common cause of Victory over the enemy.
Memorial complex to fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War in the village. Amderma opened in 1975. Its central element is an asymmetrical stele expanding upward, the right corner of which is extended upward. In the center of the monument is the Order of the Patriotic War, below is an image of a guards ribbon and the numbers: “1941 - 1945”. In the lower part there is a slab with a memorial plaque on which are carved the names of the village residents who died during the Great Patriotic War (9 people). To the right of the stele is a trapezoidal slab with the inscription: “No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten!”.
The memorial complex is complemented by a cannon from the war, which was used to protect the Yugorsky Shar Strait from German ships. She was brought from the shore of the strait, which is forty kilometers from the village.
Monument, Mig-15 aircraft, installed in Amderma on the street. Lenin was presented to the village by the military as the personification of the heroism of the pilots who defended the skies of the Arctic during the war. The plane emphasized the great importance of Amderma as an outpost of the Arctic borders of Russia. In 1993, after the withdrawal of the aviation regiment from the village, it... was sold to Norway.
This attitude towards history caused deep indignation in Amderma. Together with like-minded people, a resident of the village P.M. Kharsanov convinced the leadership of the need to restore the monument. It was decided to transport and install a similar aircraft from the Arkhangelsk region in Amderma. For the 50th anniversary of the Great Victory, May 5, 1995, the MIG aircraft was installed on a pedestal on which there was a sign with the inscription:“To the pilots of the Soviet armed forces who defeated fascism in 1941-1945, ensuring peace and inviolability of the air borders of the North.”
Monuments of monumental art - obelisks and steles - have become widespread in the Nenets Okrug. The first Obelisk of Victory was erected in Naryan-Mar in 1965. The author of the monument is construction engineer Oleg Ivanovich Tokmakov, the inscription on the obelisk and the Order of the Patriotic War were made by the artist of the city House of Culture Anatoly Ivanovich Yushko. By May 9, 2005, the order was replaced with a new one, made by the artist of the Naryanmar Palace of Culture, Philip Ignatievich Kychin.
In the 60s, the monument was built with the active assistance of an initiative group of war veterans, led by P.A. Berezin, and district military commissar A.M. Plyusnina.
The obelisk is an asymmetrical stele expanding upward, the right corner of which is extended upward. The numbers are carved at the top: “ 1941-1945 ", in the center of the monument is the Order of the Patriotic War. At the base there is a memorial plaque with the inscription: “ To the fellow countrymen who fell in battle for their homeland in the Great Patriotic War, from the eternally grateful citizens of the Nenets Okrug" Under the slab there is a metal box with lists of those killed during the war by a resident of the district.
The design of the monument is complemented by decorative fencing posts connected by a large chain.
In 1979, the monument was architecturally supplemented. Gas was supplied to the concrete pedestal located in front of the obelisk and an eternal flame was lit. In 1985, a cast-iron grate with a star, ordered and brought from the city of Zhdanov (Mariupol) by I.N., was placed on the pedestal. Prosvirnin.
Another object using a stele expanding upward is located in the village. Oksino. Monument to fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War.
Mounted on a stepped wooden base that serves as a stand for wreaths and flowers. The entire complex is preceded by a wooden pedestal, equipped with walkways descending at an angle on three sides. Behind the monument is a fenced front garden. The monument is located near the building of the House of Culture.
Opened on May 9, 1969. The author of the monument is Yuri Nikolaevich Tufanov. The obelisk is a trapezoidal white slab, rounded at the wide top, on which is placed a smaller rectangular slab, covered with a sheet of iron painted with gray enamel. On it in two rows are inscribed the names of the residents of the village of Oksino, the villages of Bedovoye, and Golubkovka (69 people) who died during the war. Above the list is the Order of the Patriotic War, the dates " 1941- 1945 ", below the inscription: " Soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War" Above the gray board is an image of a bowl of eternal flame on two legs, in the center of which is a red star and a flame escaping from it.
The obelisk to fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War in the village of Andeg is located in a small park in the old part of the village. Opened on May 9, 1980. The author and supervisor of the work is Leonid Pavlovich Dibikov, a teacher of drawing and drawing. At the time of the installation of the monument, the collective farm administration building was located next to it. It has now been demolished.
The monument consists of a wooden pedestal and an asymmetrical metal stele expanding upward, the left corner of which is extended upward. At the top of the stele is an image of the Order of the Patriotic War, below it is a list of those killed (30 people). To the left of the stele is a vertical concrete slab with the inscription: “ Eternal memory to our fellow countrymen who died in battles for their Motherland" Behind the monument, at a distance of one meter, there is a concrete shield with the inscription: “ ».
In the village The Red Obelisk to fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War was opened on May 9, 1977. Its authors are Boris Nikolaevich Syatishchev and Vladimir Savenkov.
The monument is a multi-faceted stele mounted on a multi-stage pedestal. On the front side, in the upper part, there is an image of the Order of the Patriotic War, under which there is a metal sheet with the inscription: “ Eternal memory to the fallen"and a list of those killed during the war (182 people). In the central part of the pedestal there is an insert made of fiberboard with the inscription: “ No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten" The obelisk is framed by pillars, distant from the monument, connected to each other by iron chains.
In 2005, the monument was surrounded by a wooden fence, and the inscriptions on the stele were updated.
In the village Velikovisochnoye two monuments dedicated to the contribution of the villagers to the Victory over the enemy. The monument to fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War is located on the site of the former priest's house. It was opened on May 9, 1970. The author and director of the work is Vasily Petrovich Samoilov, a participant in the war.
The monument is a tall, tapering upward and slightly truncated stele, at the base of which is a concrete pedestal. A wooden torch is attached to the stele with metal brackets. At its base, slightly shifted to the right, is a concrete board located at a level of 1 m from the ground, on which the dates: “ 1941-1945 " On the obelisk, on a sheet of stainless steel, the names of those who did not come from the war were previously engraved.
When the second monument to the dead was opened in Velikovisochny, the memorial plaques were removed, changed and used in the design of the new monument. The monument is framed by a row of nine concrete pillars connected to each other by iron chains.
In the village The Telvisk obelisk to fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War was opened in November 1974. Located in the center of the village. It is a brick plastered stele (height 3.5 m), painted with silver paint. On the front side there is an image of the Order of the Patriotic War and the inscription: “ Heroes - fellow countrymen who died for the freedom and independence of their homeland».
On the opposite side there is an inscription: “ On the 30th anniversary of the Victory, the names of those to whom we owe our happiness and our freedom and peaceful dawns will forever remain in the hearts of people" On the side faces, in the upper part of the monument, it is inscribed: on the right - “ No one is forgotten", on the left - " Nothing is forgotten" Below them, on separate metal shields, are the names of those killed during the war (127 people). On the left side below there is an additional metal shield with a continuing list of the dead. The monument is preceded by a pedestal to which is attached (welding work) an image of the eternal flame. The monument is located in a small front garden. In 1995, the monument was repaired and the shields with the names of the victims were updated.
The monument to fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War in the village of Labozhskoye was opened on May 9, 1992. It is located in the center of the village. Author - Vasily Nikolaevich Kabanov in agreement with Alexander Kutyrin. Made by collective farm construction workers.
The obelisk is a stepped brick base raised on a pedestal with a concrete approach. The monument is covered with marble tiles. In the center there is a rectangular memorial slab with a bas-relief inscription: “ Those who fought to the death in the name of life" Along the edges are two similar slabs, on which the names of the victims (58 people) are written in black paint. Above the central part rises a smaller rectangular shield with embossed dates " 1941-1945 ", painted with red paint. The top step is a prism in cross-section, in the center of which is a bas-relief of a five-pointed star. The monument is completed with an iron pin on which a concrete red star is attached.
Monument in the village Khorei-Ver was installed in 1967 by residents of the village on the initiative of the secretary of the Komsomol organization Lyudmila Alekseevna Kokina. She brought the drawing of the monument from the regional Komsomol conference (Arkhangelsk, July 1967). The initial draft was prepared by the First Secretary of the Onega Republic Committee of the Komsomol Markelov. In 1978, it was decided to modify the facility.
Today the monument consists of three parts. The base of the central cone-shaped stele is a rectangular stepped prism in the lower part of which there is a memorial plaque with the names of those killed during the war (34 people). Above is a picture of a burning torch. The side steles are made in the form of triangular prisms, on which at the top there is an image of a five-pointed star, at the bottom of the date on the left: “1941 ", on the right: " 1945 ».
A monument similar in style to fellow countrymen who died during the war in the village. Nelmin. Nose. It was opened in the center of the village in 1975. Authors of the monument: Ivan Vasilyevich-Semyashkin, Andrey Nikolaevich Taleev, Grigory Afanasyevich Apitsyn.
The obelisk consists of three parts. The base of the central stele is a rectangular prism, on the front side of which there is the inscription: “To fallen soldiers and fellow countrymen 1941 -1945." The upper part is in the form of a pyramid with the image of the Order of the Patriotic War in the center. The side steles are made in the form of triangular prisms, on which there is an image of a five-pointed star at the top, and the names of the victims (54 people in total) are inscribed at the bottom. A path leads to the monument. The monument is located in the front garden. Fenced with a green wooden fence. Flowerbeds are broken. Cosmetic repairs were carried out in 1997.
The memorial complex in the village is complex in composition. Kotkino was opened in 1985. Author Semyon Ivanovich Kotkin, builder and customer in one person - collective farm named after. XXII Congress of the CPSU.
The central part of the complex is a quadrangular stele, the right corner of which is extended upward and decorated with a bas-relief image of a red star. In the center at the top there is the inscription: “We will not forget the forty-first. We will forever praise the forty-fifth" In the lower part there is an image of the eternal flame and the vezha. To the right and left, at an angle to the central part, there are rectangular slabs on which are placed boards with the names of village residents who died during the war (28 people). On the left plate there is a date: “1941 ", on the right: " 1945 ».
In 1987, in the center of the village. Ust-Kara, a monument was erected next to the village council building.
It is a triangular stele tapering upward, mounted on a stepped pedestal. The monument is wooden, plastered on top and painted with silver paint. On the front side there was previously the Order of the Patriotic War. After repairs, it was not possible to restore it; instead of the order, a five-pointed star was depicted, with dates under it: “1941 - 1945 " and the inscription: " To Warriors - Countrymen».
Memorial complex to fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War in the village. Nes, opened in 1987.
The monument represents two rectangular states intersecting perpendicularly. Made of wood, lined with metal. In the upper part of the structure, at the intersection of the slabs, there is an opening in which a bell is suspended (from the former Annunciation Church in the village of Nes). Below, on the front side, there is a crossbar connecting the plates, with the inscription on it: “ 1941 -1945
" On the pedestal, in front of the monument, is a metal star (eternal flame).
The complex is surrounded by an iron fence. At the entrance to the square, two Admiralty anchors are placed on the sides, the chain of which is stretched along the perimeter of the fence and attached to poles.
In 2005, the memorial was expanded. On the left and right in front of the obelisk there are four low quadrangular steles expanding upward with a wavy upper part, on which are inscribed the names of fellow countrymen who died during the war (120 people).
This is the second monument in the village dedicated to the events of the war. The first one was installed in May 1975. It was a tetrahedral obelisk tapering upward, mounted on a rectangular pedestal. In the lower right part, perpendicular to the plane of the monument, a rectangular slab was mounted with the inscription on the right side: “ Grateful living to those who died for their Motherland" On top is a relief image of a five-pointed star. In 1987, it was decided to replace the monument with a memorial complex, which still exists today.
There are monuments in the Nenets Okrug, the design of which is simple and at the same time original. One of these is located in the village. Karatayka is an obelisk to those who fell during the Great Patriotic War. Its author is Nikolai Ilyich Khozyainov. The monument was opened on October 23, 1989.
The obelisk is a stylized image of an irregularly shaped block, in the niche of which are engraved the names of residents who died during the Great Patriotic War (31 people). Inscribed in the lower left corner is a star with the years stamped on it: “1941-1945.” The composition is completed by three flagpoles, which are located in the left corner behind the obelisk. The frame of the monument is wooden, lined with metal.
The tragedy that took place on August 17, 1942 near Fr. Matveev in the Barents Sea, a monument erected near the seaport administration building on Saprygina Street in Naryan-Mar is dedicated.
On that day, the steamships “Komsomolets” and “Nord”, which belonged to the port, with barges P-3 and P-4 in tow, were returning from the village. Khabarovo to the port of Naryan-Mar, and in the area of Matveev Island were fired upon by a German submarine. 328 people died, including 11 crew members of the tugboat Komsomolets.
The monument to the crew of the tugboat "Komsomolets" was erected in November 1968. The designers are a group of port engineers led by P. Khmelnitsky.
The monument is a pedestal in the shape of a steamship cabin, on which an Admiralty anchor is installed. A stainless steel plate with an engraved inscription is vertically attached to the lower part of the pedestal: “MMF Naryan-Mar Sea Commercial Port to the crew of the b/p “Komsomolets” who died on August 17, 1942. Vereshchagin V.I., Emelyanov V.I., Vokuev V.A., Kiyko S.N., Kozhevina A.S., Kozlovsky A.S., Koryakin M.A., Kuznetsov V.M., Kulizhskaya T. .G., Mikheev P.K., Morozov I.M., Potashev I.M., Smirnov V.A., Sumarokov SL.”
The pedestal is fenced with a steel chain suspended from concrete pillars.
There are only four sculptural images dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War in the Nenets Okrug.
The first monument of this type appeared in the village. Haruta. Installed in the front garden near the House of Culture in October 1977.
Sculpture of a soldier with his head bowed. The warrior holds a helmet in his left hand. The monument is installed on a pedestal more than a meter high, into which memorial plaques are embedded with the names of residents of the village who died during the Great Patriotic War (91 people).
In Naryan-Mar, in the city park, between the streets named after. Khatanzeisky and them. Saprygin in 1980, the “Monument to the Naryan-Mar Port Workers” was erected. The author is a member of the Union of Artists Alexander Vasilievich Rybkin.
The monument is a rounded pedestal, spirally raised at the top, on which stands a metal composition: a sailor dressed as a civilian sailor raises a flag, next to a soldier with a machine gun in his hand. On the concrete pedestal there is a bas-relief inscription: “To the port workers of Naryan-Mar” on the left the date: “1941”, on the right: “1945”
In 1987, additional work was carried out to decorate the monument. To the left and right of it, 12 concrete pedestals with slabs attached to them are installed in a semicircle; on the first one on the left there is the inscription: “No one is forgotten - nothing is forgotten”; on the subsequent ones, the names of the port workers who died during the war are carved (118 people). Order and delivery from Nalchik by Nikolai Ivanovich Korovin.
A complex compositional monument with a sculptural image of a Red Army soldier was installed in the village. Velikovisochnoe near the House of Culture. It was opened on September 2, 1985. Made in the Arkhangelsk art and industrial workshops of the RSFSR Art Fund with the participation of the designer Faina Nikolaevna Zemzina.
The monument is a complex consisting of three parts. On the right, on a prismatic concrete pedestal of burgundy color, there is a sculptural image of a soldier with a machine gun (iron, welding), next to it is a stele with an image on the large end of the Order of the Patriotic War and the dates “1941-1945” made of metal. The composition is completed by a tilted prismatic concrete pedestal, with two attached boards on which the names of the dead (86 people) are engraved. The boards were made at a factory in Lipetsk, transferred from the first Victory Monument. Order and delivery by Ivan Semenovich Dityatev.
There are monuments in the district, in the design of which bas-relief images of warriors are used. One of them - the obelisk “To the Heroes of Kanino-Timanya” was installed in 1969 in the village. Lower Pesha.
The monument is a stele with a broken line on the top edge, the left corner of which is extended upward. It is installed on a stepped rectangular pedestal. On the front side there is an image of the head of a soldier in a helmet, below the inscription: “To the heroes of Kanino-Timanya who died in battles for their homeland.” In 2002, to the left and right of the central stele, the monument was supplemented by rectangular slabs on which memorial plaques with the names of those killed during the Great Patriotic War (129 people) were attached.
The bas-relief monument in Oma was opened in September 1981. The author is sculptor-artist Sergei Konstantinovich Oborin.
The main part of the monument is a rectangular stele, which is surrounded by sculptural bas-reliefs of soldiers of various branches of the military. On the front side at the top of the monument is the Order of the Patriotic War. At the base there is a memorial plaque with the names of village residents who died on the battlefields during the war (78 people). Above the list of dates: "1941 -1945".
In the village Shoina obelisk to fallen soldiers was opened in the center of the village in 1983. Its author is Klibyshev.
The monument is a triangular prism mounted on a concrete pedestal. On the front side in the upper part there is an image of a soldier’s head, just below the inscription: “To the fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War. 1941-1945". The names of the village residents are carved on the side faces. Shoina and village Kiya, who did not return from the war. The perimeter of the monument is surrounded by a chain attached to metal poles.
In the settlements of the district there are two memorial plaques dedicated to the Great Patriotic War. One of them is located in the village. Khongurey, on display in the village museum. Made of glass, black and gold paint. Author Alexander Alexandrovich Yurkov.
The board is rectangular with gold stars in the corners, a gold frame in the form of two figured stripes and the inscription on a black background:
“Eternal glory to the heroes who died in the battles for the freedom and independence of our Soviet Motherland 1941-1945.”.
Listed below are the names of village residents who died during the Great Patriotic War (24 people). Below, in the center below the list, is an eternal flame.
In 2004, a monument appeared in the village.
Memorial plaque to Alexey Kalinin. Located on the building of the Pesh Secondary School. Alexey Kalinin is a native of the village. Nizhnyaya Pesha, fought as part of the legendary crew of N.F. Gastello, who carried out a ground ramming of a column of fascist military equipment on the Minsk-Molodechno highway near the village on June 26, 1941. Radoshkovichi (Republic of Belarus).
The inscription on the board reads: “In the village of Nizhnyaya Pesha, Alexey Aleksandrovich Kalinin, radio operator gunner, who died heroically in an air battle on June 26, 1941 as part of the crew of the Hero of the Soviet Union N.F. Gastello, was born and graduated from school.”.
In the modern world, when everything changes, one thing remains unchanged - this is history, which must be preserved. The greatest activity in installing monuments appeared in our district in the 1980s. Then 9 obelisks appeared at once, reflecting the feat of the people during the Great Patriotic War.
And in our time this tradition continues to live. Proof of this is the appearance in 2003 of a monument to fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War in the village. Indiga. The project was prepared by V.E. Glukhov with the participation of officers of the military unit.
The central part of the complex is a stele with a pointed upper part. In the center, in the upper part, there is an image of a five-pointed star, below the inscription: “The Great Patriotic War 1941 -1945.” At the bottom there is an image of the eternal flame and the inscription: “Eternal memory to the heroes of the war.” To the right and left, at an angle to the central part, are adjacent rectangular slabs on which the names of the residents of the village. Indiga and village Vyucheysky, who died during the war (133 people).
Contribution of the village residents. Vyucheysky, participants in the war in victory over the enemy, is immortalized in the settlement itself. In 2004, a monument was erected there.
It is a tetrahedral stele with a pointed upper part, on a concrete base. At the top there is an image of a star, below the inscription: “No one is forgotten - nothing is forgotten.” In front of the obelisk there is a slab with the inscription: “Eternal memory of those who died for the Motherland”; below are the names of the village residents who died during the war (42 people).
The tradition of installing memorial signs with the names of those killed during the war on the site of uninhabited villages and hamlets of the district was founded in the 90s. A monument was erected in the village of Bedovoye in 1991. Authors A.I. Mamontov, M. Ya. Ruzhnikov.
The base of the monument is made in the form of a log frame, from which two pillars with plywood attached to them extend upward, on which are carved the names of village residents who died during the war (19 people). The inscription on top: “Bedovoye”, below: “1941 -1945”.
The year 2004 was marked by the appearance of memorial signs on the site of the former village of Nikitsy and the village. Shapkino. Both of them were installed by the local communities of these settlements.
Monument in the village Shapkino is a rectangular wooden board mounted on two pillars. On the board there is a plaque with the names of the residents of the village who took part in the war (46 people). At the top there is the inscription: “Shapkin residents - participants of the Second World War”, after the list of names: “Eternal memory”.
The monument on the territory of the now defunct village of Nikitsy is a trapezoid-shaped obelisk, tapering upward, crowned by a five-pointed star. In the central part of the obelisk there is a metal plate with the inscription: “1941 -1945” followed by a list of names of residents of the village of Nikitsy who died during the war (21 people).
On the eve of the celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of the Victory, three more monuments appeared on the map of the district - in the villages of Makarov and Kamenka, monuments to the “Countrymen who died during the war” and in the city of Naryan-Mar - to the “Pilots of the Arctic”.
The memorial sign in the village of Makarovo was made in the military memorial office of the city of Arkhangelsk with funds from the North-Western Fund for the Development of the Peoples of the North. The main work on the delivery and installation of the historical object was undertaken by the ROO "Shield".
The monument is a tetrahedral stele on a concrete base. On the front side there is an inscription: “1941 - 1945” below: “Let us remember everyone by name, let us remember with our grief. It’s not the dead who need it, the living need it.”
On the side and back edges there are images of soldiers - a tank driver, a sailor, and an infantryman. Just above are images of the awards of the Great Patriotic War - respectively: medals for the capture of Berlin, the Order of the Patriotic War, the Order of Glory. This is already the second monument in the village of Makarovo. The first one was installed by Komsomol members in the 60s. The location of the object was poorly chosen; it was located in a flooded area, which led to its destruction.
The obelisk “To the Arctic Pilots” was made in Arkhangelsk. The sketch was prepared by the head of the RAS ECO “Istoki” search group, local historian and ecologist Sergei Vyacheslavovich Kozlov. Made of Mansurovsky granite, the inscriptions are painted with gold paint. The monument is crowned by a flying seagull, symbolizing polar (naval) aviation.
On the front side of the stele are carved the names of the dead pilots of four aircraft that crashed on the territory of the district during the war. And above them is the Order of the Patriotic War. Below the list of dead pilots is the date of the war: “1941 -1945” and a laurel branch. At the bottom of the front side of the cabinet there is an inscription: “Eternal memory to the pilots of the Arctic.” On the back side of the stele is carved information about the death of three crews. On the right and left are drawings of crashed planes. There is lighting around the obelisk.
February 23, 2012 in the center of Naryan-Mar, in memory of the residents of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, who during the Great Patriotic War formed five reindeer transport trains, with a total number of more than 600 people, and more than 7,000 heads of riding reindeer. Echelons of people and deer were formed in the Kanino-Timansky, Bolshezemelsky and Nizhne-Pechora regions of the Nenets National District; they walked several hundred kilometers to their destination - the Rikasikha station in the Arkhangelsk region. In February 1942, at the Rikasikha station, from these trains as well as trains that arrived from the Leshukonsky district of the Arkhangelsk region and the Komi Republic in the 295th reserve regiment, the 1st reindeer ski brigade and the 2nd reindeer ski brigade were formed, which were sent to Karelian Front. On September 25, 1942, on the basis of these two units, the 31st separate reindeer ski brigade of the Karelian Front was formed.
On November 20, a memorable date was established in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - the Day of Remembrance of participants in the reindeer transport battalions in the Great Patriotic War.
Monuments on the territory of our district dedicated to the feat of the people in the Great Patriotic War are diverse. However, we can highlight their main features that are characteristic of each object. Structural elements and attributes of monuments are often similar. For example, the technique of combining a stele and a memorial plaque with the names of the dead, an image of a star or an order, an eternal flame or an image of an eternal flame is repeated, and everywhere on monuments there is the inscription: “1941-1945.”
During the festive celebrations on the occasion of the Victory, it is at these monuments that residents of the district pay tribute to the fallen and those who survived the difficult war years at the fronts, those who forged Victory in the rear, those to whom we are grateful for the opportunity to live a peaceful life.
Of course, the Great Patriotic War left a huge mark on the history of our Motherland. For 68 years now, we have annually honored the memory of those killed on May 9th. We all know that throughout the vastness of Russia monuments to the Great Patriotic War were built in huge quantities. Below in the article we will look at the most famous of them, which are located in the hero cities of Russia: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Murmansk, Tula, Volgograd, Novorossiysk and Smolensk. It was these cities that became most famous for their brave defense during the hostilities of 1941-43.
Let's start with Moscow. All Muscovites will certainly say that the most significant for this city is Poklonnaya Hill, on which Victory Park is located. The park was inaugurated on May 9, 1995 during the celebration of Victory Day. Monuments to the Great Patriotic War located here include exhibitions of military equipment, WWII and Holocaust museums, a memorial mosque and synagogue, and a temple. In addition to these monuments, there are other minor structures that can be seen throughout Moscow.
Next, let's move on to St. Petersburg. Like in the capital, the “Venice of the North” also has a Victory Park, but here it is presented in a duplicate: Primorsky, which is dedicated to naval victories, and Moscow, which is built as a holistic memory of the victory. The former does not stand out in any way, but the latter has on its territory a large number of buildings that are monuments to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War. Among them, monuments-busts of twice Heroes of Socialist Labor, natives of the city, are especially notable. Also worth noting is the Rotunda monument, memorial crosses and plaques, various sculptures and the Temporary Chapel. In addition to these parks, it is worth mentioning the “Breakthrough the Siege of Leningrad” museum-reserve, as well as the memorial museum “Defense and Siege of Leningrad”, which highlight the severity of the battles and the “snatching” of victory from the fascist invaders.
Tula is not particularly replete with monuments, however, it is worth noting the monument to the defenders of Tula in the Second World War, which is located on the Mound of Immortality in the city of Efremov, built at the residents’ own expense.
Of course, one of the greatest cities that showed heroic defense and no less heroic counter-offensive is Volgograd. On the most famous hill, where bloody battles took place from September 1942 to January the following - Mamayev Kurgan, there is an architectural ensemble of monuments dedicated to the Second World War. It includes, perhaps, the most famous monument to the Second World War of Russia “The Motherland is Calling!”, which, by the way, is one of 3 squares (Square of Sorrow, Square of Heroes, Square of Those Who Stood to Death), Monumental relief, high relief “Memory of Generations” , Military cemetery, Ruin walls. Construction, during which many architects were involved, lasted almost 10 years, from 1959 to 1967.
Next, we will briefly examine the monuments to the Great Patriotic War in Smolensk. In Readovka Park there is the Mound of Immortality, which was built by Smolensk residents in memory of the soldiers and ordinary people who died during the Second World War. It was inaugurated on September 25, 1970. Not far from the Kurgan you can see the Eternal Flame, and in the park itself it was also built where thousands of warriors are buried. Among other monuments in Smolensk, the Great Patriotic War monument “Bayonet” is worthy of mention, which was erected in memory of the soldiers of the legendary 16th Army that defended the city in July 1941.
AiF.ru has collected stories of destroyed and forgotten monuments of the Great Patriotic War: extinguished “eternal” lights and monuments drowning in garbage.
Non-eternal "eternal" fire
Photo: AiF / Ekaterina Grebenkova
Every weekend and holidays, an honor guard of schoolchildren comes to Freedom Square in the center of Old Sarepta, a district of Volgograd. More than three thousand Soviet soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War are buried here.
An 18-meter-high obelisk was opened here in 1958. And about 14 years ago, the mechanism of the Eternal Flame was built, which does not work today.
Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Kuzmina
As the administration of the Krasnoarmeysky district explained, the Eternal Flame is lit only at “protocol events” - only a few times a year. The reason is lack of funding. On such days, which are May 9, August 23 (the day the most destructive bombing of Stalingrad began), February 2 (the defeat of fascist troops at Stalingrad), sponsors bring a liquefied gas cylinder to the memorial, which is connected to the “eternal flame.” On ordinary days, the obelisk at the mass grave is decorated only with wreaths and fresh flowers.
Zakamsk: “eternal” on schedule
The symbol of the Great Victory in Zakamsk is turned on only once a year for a few hours. The “Rear to Front” memorial, one of the unspoken symbols of the city, is located in a cozy park; families with children often come here for a walk.
The "Rear to Front" memorial is one of the unspoken symbols of Zakamsk. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov
Half of the monuments have drawings on them, and trash is scattered everywhere. The tiles were cracked in some places. In the extinguished Eternal Flame, along with dirty leaves and candy wrappers, lies a plastic bottle.
A plastic bottle lies in the extinguished Eternal Flame. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov
The municipal budgetary institution “Improvement of the Kirov District” said that the Eternal Flame burns here only on Victory Day: from 9 am to 10 pm. On other days, the gas is turned off - no money is found.
Maintenance of the monument, including restoration, takes place annually according to schedule. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov
Things are even worse with the monument to workers and employees of the shipyard who died during the Great Patriotic War than with the “Rear to Front” memorial. The sculpture is owned by the plant, which must provide care for the pedestal, installed in 1975.
Monument to workers and employees of the shipyard who died during the Great Patriotic War. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov
For 40 years, the monument has never been repaired. The green paint was peeling off on all sides. The eternal flame, the frame of which is made in the shape of a five-pointed star, has not burned for a long time. There are candy wrappers, cigarette butts and even a gnawed bone lying around.
The eternal flame, made in the shape of a five-pointed star, does not burn. Photo: AiF / Dmitry Ovchinnikov
Before the holiday, they promise to bring the monument into proper shape: they will eliminate defects and touch up the paint. On Victory Day, according to tradition, city residents will come here. Flowers will be laid at the memorial. Fiery patriotic speeches will again be heard from the improvised stage, and a field kitchen will be set up next to the monument. They promise to light the eternal flame. A gas cylinder will be specially brought for this purpose. But after the holiday, the symbol of eternal memory will be extinguished again - until next year.
Mila's tragedy
Even sadder is the fate of the monument to the girl Mila, which was erected on the Soldiers' Field in Volgograd in 1975. In January, the sculpture of a girl with a flower was destroyed by vandals. As the investigation established, a local resident pushed the monument off its pedestal in order to remove the surface layer of metal from it and hand it over to a collection point.
Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Kuzmina
It was not by chance that the sculpture of Mila appeared on Soldiers' Field. There were fierce battles in the Gorodishchensky district. A small detachment of Soviet soldiers took up defensive positions here, with orders to stop the enemy advance at any cost.
Memorial Soldier's Field. Photo: press service of the government of the Volgograd region
From here, before the battle, Soviet Army Major Dmitry Petrakov wrote a letter to his daughter Mila, the lines of which are engraved on a granite triangle: “My black-eyed Mila! I am sending you a cornflower. Imagine: there is a battle going on, enemy shells are exploding all around, there are craters all around and a flower is growing here. And suddenly another explosion - the cornflower was torn off. I picked it up and put it in my tunic pocket. The flower grew and reached towards the sun, but it was torn off by the blast wave, and if I had not picked it up, it would have been trampled. This is what the Nazis do in occupied settlements, where they kill children. Sweet! Papa Dima will fight with the fascists until his last breath, so that the fascists do not treat you the same way as they did with this flower...”
Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Kuzmina
Today, instead of cornflowers, weeds grow on the Soldier's Field, the asphalt covering has crumbled and cracked, and the symbolic shares of the plows with which the field was plowed have rusted. And the mass grave, in which the urn containing the ashes of the dead soldiers is buried, is overgrown with thick grass.
The monument to the girl Mila was recently restored. But it is still unknown when the work on caring for the Soldier’s Field will be organized.
"Death Lair" is buried in garbage
Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Kuzmina
The mass grave in which the soldiers of the 95th Infantry Division are buried along with their commander is located right on the banks of the Volga. There were fierce battles here, when the river was literally on fire, and its waters turned blood-red. Today it is not easy to find this obelisk. There are no signs, and not all residents of the Krasnooktyabrsky district know about the existence of the monument.
Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Kuzmina
It was here, in the Glubokaya Balka ravine, that the division’s front line of defense passed. The beam was shelled by the Germans all the way to the Volga, the losses were enormous, for which the area received its name - “Death Log”.
Today the monument is surrounded by rubbish. Broken bricks, fragments, bottles, bags. Judging by the huge garbage bags, residents bring and dump garbage here on purpose, not wanting to bother with waste removal.
Chelyabinsk: a monument among kiosks
In Soviet times, schoolchildren knew by heart the names of 23 Chelyabinsk motorists who became Heroes of the Soviet Union and full holders of the Order of Glory. In Chelyabinsk, two monuments were erected to motorist soldiers. One of them is located on the territory of a liquidated military school; it is hidden from human eyes by a high fence and a strict checkpoint. The school was closed, the monument was “liquidated” along with it.
The second monument to motorist soldiers has always been honored and respected. Here, in the courtyard of Bazhova Street, excursions were taken and flowers were laid. Today the monument is forgotten, abandoned, crumbling from old age. The place has long been chosen by the owners of retail outlets.
Monument to warrior motorists in Chelyabinsk. Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Uvarova
“I was still little. In the 80s, I ran here with my friends to play hide and seek,” says Elena Kulumbeeva, a resident of a neighboring house. — In the nineties, the monument miraculously disappeared. They looked closer and it was as if they had fenced it off. To get there, you had to try. And everyone forgot, how is it?”
A shopping center has grown up behind the fence. The monument was completely lost against its background. To get to the monument, you need to walk three hundred meters from the road through mud that is impassable at any time of the year. The situation is also worsened by construction waste: next to it there is a trailer with workers who every now and then bring construction materials right here, to the foot of the monument.
Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Uvarova
Near the monument there are not wreaths and bouquets of fresh flowers, but an old broken chair and the same antediluvian table. Builders go here for a smoke break.
Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Uvarova
It seems that except for them, no one has been interested in the monument for a long time. The red star on the stele had long since faded and almost merged with the gray concrete. The decoration of the monument crumbles and falls off in pieces. All that was left of the white marble fence were rickety pieces of square tiles. There are rusty iron bars sticking out around the monument. Once upon a time there was an inscription here: “No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.”
But nearby there is construction of multi-apartment, multi-colored, bright houses. A stream of buyers is drawn to the shopping complex, who do not even know that on the other side, in a vacant lot, just a few meters away lies a monument.
Photo: AiF / Nadezhda Uvarova
St. Petersburg: monument behind the hangar
Last winter in St. Petersburg, one of the participants in the “Living City” public movement discovered an abandoned monument to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War behind the hangars of the “Lenta” hypermarket. The cast-iron figure of a soldier, covered with snow, stood in an industrial zone, on the territory of the former lifting transport equipment plant named after. Kirov. Next to the blue fence enclosing the industrial zone, there is a stele on which are engraved the names of more than five hundred dead plant employees. On the stele it is written “1941 - 1945. No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten. Eternal glory to the heroes. Together with the Fatherland, you all won Victory. We have kept you in our hearts."
An abandoned monument to WWII veterans was found behind the hangars of a hypermarket. Photo: Living City Movement
Contrary to the inscription, the memory of the heroes who gave their lives for the Great Victory was not preserved. These photographs were taken almost a year and a half ago - in the winter of 2013. During this time, the blue fence was replaced with a concrete one with barbed wire. Now you can’t get to the monument at all. To a question from an AiF.ru correspondent, one of the industrial zone workers passing by answered: “I don’t know any monument. Leave, you can't take pictures here." Most likely, the monument to the heroes of the War has already been dismantled.
Now you can’t get to the monument at all. Photo: AiF / Yana Khvatova
Hello dears.
On the eve of the holiday, let's remember some famous monuments
So...
"Warrior Liberator"- monument in Berlin's Treptower Park.
Sculptor E. V. Vuchetich, architect Ya. B. Belopolsky, artist A. V. Gorpenko, engineer S. S. Valerius.
Opened on May 8, 1949.
Height - 12 meters. Weight - 70 tons.
“Motherland” (Fatherland-Mati)
The author of the memorial is Evgeniy Vuchetich;
After Vuchetich's death, the project was headed by Ukrainian sculptor Vasily Borodai;
Sculptors: Fried Sagoyan, Vasily Vinaykin. Architects: Viktor Elizarov, Georgy Kisly, Nikolay Feshchenko.
Opened as part of the museum complex in 1981 on Victory Day.
The height of the sculpture “Motherland” (from the pedestal to the tip of the sword) is 62 meters.
The total height with the pedestal is 102 meters.
In one hand the statue holds a 16-meter sword weighing 9 tons, in the other - a shield measuring 13x8 meters with the coat of arms of the USSR (weighing 13 tons).
The entire structure is all-welded and weighs 450 tons.
The frame itself begins at a depth of 17.8 meters (from the entrance to the museum). A concrete well with a diameter of 34 meters goes to this depth. 
“The Motherland is calling!”- Volgograd.
The monument is the central part of a triptych, which also consists of the monuments “Rear to Front” in Magnitogorsk and “Warrior-Liberator” in Berlin’s Treptower Park. It is implied that the sword, forged on the banks of the Urals, was then raised by the Motherland in Stalingrad and lowered after the Victory in Berlin
Sculptor - E. V. Vuchetich. Engineer N.V. Nikitin
The sculpture is made of prestressed concrete - 5,500 tons of concrete and 2,400 tons of metal structures (excluding the base on which it stands).
The total height of the monument is 85 meters (the sculpture itself) - 87 meters (the sculpture with the mounting plate). It is installed on a concrete foundation 16 meters deep. The height of the female figure without a sword is 52 meters. The mass of the monument is over 8 thousand tons.
The statue stands on a 2 meter high slab that rests on the main foundation. This foundation is 16 meters high, but it is almost invisible - most of it is hidden underground. 
Monument "Rear to front". Magnitogorsk. It is considered the first part of a triptych, which also consists of the monuments “Motherland” on Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd and “Warrior Liberator” in Berlin’s Treptow Park.
Sculptor - Lev Nikolaevich Golovnitsky, architect - Yakov Borisovich Belopolsky.
Material: bronze, granite. Height - 15 meters.
Monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad on Victory Square in St. Petersburg
Sculptor: M.K. Anikushin. Architects: V. A. Kamensky, S. B. Speransky
Construction 1974-1975
Height 48 m
Material: bronze, granite 
"Mother Motherland"- in St. Petersburg at the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery.
The authors of the ensemble are architects A. V. Vasilyev, E. A. Levinson, sculptors V. V. Isaeva and R. K. Taurit (“Motherland” and reliefs on the side walls), M. A. Vainman, B. E. Kaplyansky, A. L. Malakhin, M. M. Kharlamova (high reliefs on the central stele).
"Alyosha"- a monument to the Soviet soldier-liberator, in the Bulgarian city of Plovdiv on Bunardzhik Hill (“Hill of Liberators”).
Sculptors V. Radoslavov and others, architects N. Marangozov and others.
Height 10 meters
The prototype of the monument is a private of the combined company of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, Alexey Ivanovich Skurlatov, a former shooter of the 10th separate ski battalion of the 922nd rifle regiment, transferred to signalmen due to a serious injury. In 1944, he restored the Plovdiv-Sofia telephone line. In Plovdiv, Alexey Ivanovich became friends with a telephone exchange worker, Metodi Vitanov, a member of the Bulgarian Resistance. Methodi Vitanov gave a photograph of Alexey to the sculptor Vasil Rodoslavov, and he created a monument based on this image
Memorial - "Brest Fortress is a hero"
The Brest Hero Fortress memorial was built according to the designs of sculptor Alexander Pavlovich Kibalnikov.
Sculpture "The Unconquered Man" in Khatyn
Architects: Yu. Gradov, V. Zankovich, L. Levin. Sculptor S. Selikhanov. The grand opening of the Khatyn memorial complex took place on July 5, 1969. 
Broken ring.(Kokkarevo. Leningrad region)
Architect V. G. Filippov. Sculptor K. M. Simun, Design engineer I. A. Rybin; 
Have a nice time of day.
Evgenia Markovskaya, 5th grade, Ruslan Nereyko, 5th grade, Alexey Panov, 5th grade, Daniil Popov, 5th grade
Lately we often hear how Victory monuments are being dismantled in many cities and countries. In our project, we wanted to find and learn more about the history of the monuments, to whom and for what feats they were erected. Our duty is to honor the feat of every defender of our country, everyone who fought on the battlefield, in the rear brought the great Victory Day closer. The only thing our generation can do is take care of monuments. And also remember the feat of our people and pass it on to our descendants.
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Municipal Municipality "Kuril City District"
municipal budgetary educational institution
secondary school with. Hot Keys
TOPIC OF PROJECT WORK
"MONUMENTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR"
Compiled by: Evgeniya Markovskaya, 5th grade
Nereyko Ruslan, 5th grade
Alexey Panov, 5th grade
Popov Daniil, 5th grade
Pushkar Danil, 5th grade
Scientific supervisor: Svetlana Yurievna Subbotina,
Deputy Director for Water Resources Management,
MBOU Secondary School s. Hot Keys.
With. Hot Springs, 2015
Introduction 3
1. Monuments to WWII 4
Conclusion 12
Literature 13
Appendix 14
Maintaining
This year we celebrate the 70th anniversary of the Victory. Our people really won the most brutal war of the 20th century, saved our country, saved Europe from fascism and gave us all a future.
Lately we often hear how Victory monuments are being dismantled in many cities and countries. In our project, we wanted to find and learn more about the history of the monuments, to whom and for what feats they were installed.
Our duty is to honor the feat of every defender of our country, everyone who fought on the battlefield and brought the great Victory Day closer to the rear. The only thing our generation can do is take care of monuments. At least three times a year (June 22, February 23, May 9) bring flowers to the foot of the monuments. And also remember the feat of our people and pass it on to our descendants.
Purpose of the work: to collect information about monuments
Tasks:
Find out whether monuments to war heroes are necessary.
Find out to whom and where the monuments were erected.
Hypothesis –
We assume that in our country there are monuments dedicated to the war of 1941-1945 in almost every city, even in villages and villages. The task of our generation is to know the feat of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers, remember and be proud of them.
Methods:
Working with books and searching for information on the Internet;
The fiery forties. The harsh years of the Great Patriotic War will never be erased in the memory of the people. The working people of the hero city of Moscow wrote a bright page in the history of the war. Moscow was for them the personification of the will to win, the personification of heroism, perseverance and courage. In bronze, granite and marble obelisks, sculptures, memorial plaques, and the names of streets and squares, Moscow perpetuated the memory of glorious warriors.
- Memorial “Tomb of the Unknown Soldier”
In December 1966, when the 25th anniversary of the defeat of fascist troops near Moscow was celebrated, the remains of the Unknown Soldier, who died a brave death while defending the Soviet capital, were buried near the ancient Kremlin wall, in the Alexander Garden. Before that, the hero’s ashes rested 40 kilometers from Moscow along the Leningradskoe Highway - at the turn where in the fall of 1941. There were fierce battles. By accepting the remains of the hero into its sacred land, Moscow thereby perpetuated the memory of all who gave their lives for the freedom of the Fatherland.
The monument is a monumental architectural ensemble (authors are architects D. Burdin, V. Klimov, and Yu. Rabaev). Above the burial place of the Unknown Soldier, in the center there is a large platform. Above it is a tombstone with five steps made of red granite. The moving words are inscribed on the slab: “Your name is not known, your feat is immortal.” A bronze lamp in the shape of a five-pointed star is mounted at the base of the platform. At its center burns the fire of Eternal Glory.
To the left of the grave is a granite pylon with the inscription: “1941 to those who fell for the Motherland, 1945.” On the right is a row of memorial blocks. Under their slabs there are capsules with the sacred soil of the hero cities.
Here is the soil from the Piskarevsky cemetery, where the defenders of Leningrad who defended the city during the siege are buried; from the mass graves of Kyiv and Mamayev Kurgan, where the battles of the great battle on the Volga took place. Here is land from the Malakhov Kurgan, from the “Belt of Glory” of Odessa and land taken from the gates of the Brest Fortress. The other three memorial blocks perpetuated the memory of Minsk, Kerch, and Novorossiysk. The tenth memorial block is dedicated to the hero city of Tula. This entire memorial row is made of dark red porphyry. The soldier’s gravestone was forever covered with a red battle banner cast from ageless copper. The soldier's helmet and laurel branch are made of the same metal - a symbol of people's honor to the hero. At the Eternal Flame, burning in the very center of Moscow, the words shine: Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Volgograd, Sevastopol, Odessa, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Tula, Brest Fortress. Behind each of these names is boundless devotion to the Motherland, boundless perseverance and heroism.
2. In memory of Leningrad children who died at Lychkovo station
In the small village of Lychkovo, Novgorod region, there is an unmarked mass grave from the Great Patriotic War. One of many in Russia. One of the most tragic and sad. Because this is a child's grave...
In July 1941, at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the evacuation of civilians began from Leningrad. First of all, children were sent to the rear. It was impossible then to foresee the course of hostilities... Children were taken out of Leningrad to save them, away from death and suffering. But as it turned out, they were being taken straight towards war. At the Lychkovo station, Nazi planes bombed a train of 12 cars. In the summer of 1941, hundreds of innocent children died.
The number of little Leningraders who died is still unknown. Fate smiled on only a few. After the bombing, local residents collected the rest in fragments. Since then, a grave has appeared at the civil cemetery in Lychkovo. A grave in which rests the ashes of innocently dead children.
The sculpture consists of several parts. Mounted on a granite slab is a cast bronze flame from the explosion that threw the child into the air. At the foot of the stove are the toys he dropped. The author of the monument, for the construction of which the Lychkovo Veterans’ House received more than half a million rubles from all over Russia, was Moscow sculptor, People’s Artist of Russia Alexander Burganov. The height of the sculptural composition is about three meters.
It was a terrible tragedy. But even more terrible is the post-war unconsciousness: the Lychkov events were simply forgotten. Only a modest mass grave with the inscription “Children of Leningrad” reminded of them. Local women who witnessed the bloody bombing took care of the grave for almost 60 years.
In 2003, a small monument was erected at the burial site - a bronze sculpture, which always has fresh flowers.
On May 4, 2005, on the eve of the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the Great Victory, a solemn opening ceremony of the memorial “To the Children Who Died in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945” took place in the village of Lychkovo.
The monument was erected on the station square, not far from the site of the tragedy. Trains will pass by the monument every day, and children's voices will always be heard through the noise of the wheels. The memory of the terrible tragedy that claimed children's lives will always be alive here.
The poet A. Molchanov wrote a poem “In memory of the Leningrad children who died at the Lychkovo station”, it contains the following words:
Is it possible to forget
Like children in parts
Collected
So that in a mass grave,
Like fallen soldiers
Bury?..
3. Monument to children - victims of concentration camps.
A monument to children who died in Nazi concentration camps was erected near the Makhovaya Tower in the city of Smolensk. Author: Alexander Parfenov. The monument is in the shape of a fluffy dandelion, made up of figures of children, and the names of concentration camps are written on the leaves of the flower: Auschwitz, Dachau, Buchenwald.
4. "Flower of Life"
In 1968, Tanya Savicheva’s diary was immortalized in stone, being an integral part of the Flower of Life memorial complex on Poklonnaya Hill, dedicated to all the children who died in the siege.
5. In memory of tens of thousands of Soviet prisoners of war
In the city of Vyazma, on the eve of the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow, a memorial was opened in memory of the tens of thousands of fallen participants in the defense of Moscow. It was installed at the site of mass graves of victims of the German transit camp “Dulag-184”. In March of this year, the Russian Military Historical Society took control of the situation with ownerless graves on the territory of the former camp “Dulag-184”, responding to an appeal from the public organization “Vyazemsky Memorial”. The organization, which is engaged in restoring the memory of the victims of the German transit camp, includes relatives of camp prisoners, searchers, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, historians, public figures, and volunteers.
45 burial ditches 100 meters long and four wide with the remains of prisoners of war remained after the Nazi occupation of Vyazma (October 1941-March 12, 1943) at the intersection of Repin and Kronstadt streets. Here, in the building of the current Vyazemsky meat processing plant - then it was an unfinished aviation plant without a roof, windows and doors, in October 1941, the invaders organized the Dulag-184 transit camp. In the first months of the war, it was surrounded by militias who survived the “meat grinder” of the Vyazemsky cauldron. Many were brought from the battlefield in serious condition. In the first winter of 1941-1942 alone, up to 70 thousand prisoners died. The dead were dumped into huge ditches. Seventy years later, the mass grave site has become a wasteland. At the request of local residents, in the 90s of the last century, a modest stele with a bell was installed in a vacant lot in memory of the tragedy that happened here. There were five “death factories” on the territory of Vyazma.
The author of the project for the Vyazemsky monument in memory of the victims of the German transit camp is People's Artist of Russia, one of the leading sculptors of our country, Salavat Shcherbakov. The memorial consists of three concrete steles 3-4 meters high. On the central stele, in bronze relief, the soldiers and civilians who died here are represented. Behind them there were spruce trees and a camp tower. The composition is framed by photographs of people taken from original photographs of the dead, given to the sculptor by relatives and search engines. 50 photographs are embedded in the surface of the monument.
The casting for the monument was made in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region, the granite slab was ordered in St. Petersburg, and the concrete bases were ordered in Smolensk. The foundation was made in Vyazma, the bronze relief was made in Moscow. The total weight of all structural elements is about 20 tons.
Former prisoner Sofia Anvaer recalled: “Through the barbed wire, city residents saw our suffering and tried to help. Women and children wrapped in rags approached the wire and threw packages with some kind of food. The prisoners rushed towards them, and a machine gun banged on the tower. People fell with their hands outstretched for food. Women on the other side of the fence also fell. It was impossible to help us. Thirst joined the pangs of hunger and cold. It was no longer possible to go into the basement where there was water - the entrance to it was blocked by a mountain of corpses. People drank, straining through a rag the liquid mud from the yard, mixed with thousands of boots.”
6. "People of the world, stand up for a minute"
The main components of the “People of the World Stand Up for a Minute” complex, installed in Moscow, in memory of prisoners of fascist death camps during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, are three black granite slabs.”
The first slab symbolizes the child prisoners of concentration camps who were tortured there during the war.
The second slab is dedicated to all prisoners - men and women.
The third memorial plate symbolizes prisoners - Soviet military personnel and is dedicated to the memory of those killed in the death camps of Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, Dachau, Ravensbrück and Auschwitz.
7. "Tragedy of Nations"
In Moscow, on Poklonnaya Hill in 1997, the monument “Tragedy of Nations” was erected, its author is Zurab Tsereteli.
The sculpture commemorates the victims of the fascist genocide.
8. Sculptural composition “Come back victorious!”
On May 8, 2009, at the exhibition complex of the open-air museum "Salyut, Victory!" in the park named after Frunze of Orenburg held the opening of a new sculptural
compositions. The sculptural group depicts an Orenburg woman with children mournfully seeing off the head of the family to the front, made by Moscow sculptor Vasily Nikolaev and dedicated to the feat of Orenburg women, workers, mothers during the harsh war years.
9. Sculpture "Motherland"
The sculpture "Motherland" is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest sculpture-statue in the world at the time of construction. Its height is 52 meters, arm length is 20 meters and sword length is 33 meters. The total height of the sculpture is 85 meters. The weight of the sculpture is 8 thousand tons, and the sword is 14 tons. Currently, the statue ranks 11th on the list of tallest statues in the world.
The silhouette of the sculpture “Motherland” was taken as a basis when developing the coat of arms and flag of the Volgograd region.
At the foot of the Motherland monument, the commander of the 62nd Army, who especially distinguished himself in the Battle of Stalingrad, Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov, is buried.
The statue is an allegorical image of the Motherland, calling its sons to fight the enemy!
10. Monument to a grieving mother
In Zadonsk there is also a wonderful monument to Mother - Maria Matveevna Frolova, the mother of 12 children, who lost everyone at the front.
11. Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina and her deceased sons.
“Sometimes it seems to me that the soldiers
Those who did not come from the bloody fields,
They once did not die in our land,
And they turned into white cranes...”
Memory cranes can increasingly be found on the ground. They set off on an eternal flight from various places in our Motherland.
In the Samara region, the maternal valor of the remarkable Russian woman Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina and the military feat of her fallen sons are immortalized. When the war began, all nine Volodichkin brothers, one after another, left to defend their Fatherland. Already in June-July 1941 they fought in different sectors of the front. Praskovya Eremeevna had to accompany them alone, since the head of the family, Pavel Vasilyevich, had died by that time. But the mother didn’t even say goodbye to the youngest, Nikolai. He just handed over a short note, rolled up: “Mom, dear mother. Don't worry, don't worry. Don't worry. We're going to the front. Let's defeat the fascists and we'll all come back to you. Wait. Yours Kolka.”
But Praskovya Eremeevna did not wait for her sons. No one. Five of them - Nikolai, Andrey, Fedor, Mikhail, Alexander - died in 1941-1943. After the fifth funeral, the mother’s heart could not stand it. The sixth - to Vasily, who died in January 1945, came to an empty house, to which all wounded in the summer of 45 Peter, Ivan and Konstantin returned. But one after another they began to die from numerous wounds received at the front.
And on May 7, 1995, on a steep cliff not far from the house located on the street with the symbolic name Krasnoarmeyskaya, a majestic memorial made of granite and bronze stood up. Nine bronze cranes rush into the sky from an 11-meter stele. And in front of her stands a sculpture of Praskovya Eremeevna. Ahead is a 7-ton granite monument with the names of all the sons and their mother and the text: “To the Volodichkin family - grateful Russia.”
12. To the patriotic mother Anastasia Kupriyanova and her deceased sons
In 1975, a monument to the patriotic mother Anastasia Kupriyanova and her deceased sons was solemnly opened in Zhodino. The composition of the monument includes two parts: on one pedestal there is a figure of a mother escorting her children to the front, a little in front are five sons going into battle. The younger one fell behind and turned around, as if he wanted to say: “Wait for us with victory, mom!”
We need to remember that once there was a terrible war, and Mother lost five of her sons. Victory in this war came at a high price, and we must all take care of the world so that our mothers never mourn their sons again.
13. Monument to “Mothers of War”
In the Leningrad Region, in the village of Bobrovka, Troitsky District, a monument to the “Mothers of War” was unveiled.
14. “Sorrow Square” in St. Petersburg
The sculpture of the memorial complex is a sculpture of the mother, located on the “Sorrow Square”. It contains all the pain of mothers who lost their relatives in the war.
15. Victory Monument in Penza
One of the main regional monuments dedicated to labor and military exploits in the Great Patriotic War in the city of Penza is the Victory Monument. The memorial, installed on May 9, 1975 in a new microdistrict, which later became the central district of the city, has a height of 5.6 meters and is now part of the architectural composition of Victory Square. The authors of the monument were: the St. Petersburg sculptor who participated in the creation of the monument to the First Settler, V.G. Kozenyuk, G.D. Yastrebenetsky, N.O. Teplov and architect V.A. Sokhin.
The Monument to Labor and Military Glory is presented in the form of a bronze figure of a woman with a child on her left shoulder and a warrior-defender holding a rifle with one hand and protecting his mother with the other. The sculptural composition stands on pedestals of different heights, the highest point of which is a gilded branch in the hands of a child. The monument is located in the very center of five granite flights of stairs, shaped like a five-pointed star, the continuation of which is five streets: Lunacharsky, Lenin, Karpinsky, Kommunisticheskaya and Pobedy Avenue. In a niche of one of the walls of the ramp there is a unique Book of Memory about 114 thousand fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War, whose names were known at the time of the opening of the monument. Near the monument burns the Eternal Flame, lit in Moscow at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and delivered in an army armored car to Penza.
The Victory Monument, opened on the thirtieth anniversary of the Great Victory in Penza, still serves as a place of honor guard service on May 9, February 23 and on the day of memory and sorrow - June 22.
16. Monument to Misha Panikakha
The monument to Misha Panikakha was opened in May 1975 in Volgograd. The creators of the monument, architect Kharitonov and designer Belousov, depicted Misha at the moment of his heroic throw with a grenade in his hands on the main Nazi tank.
17. Monument to Soviet soldiers who died in the battles for the liberation of South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in 1945.
18. Murmansk memorial “Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War”
It represents a huge figure of a soldier standing on the top of one of the Murmansk hills and visible from a great distance. In general, thanks to the song written in 1968, many single monuments began to be called “Alyosha” in the Soviet Union, including in Murmansk.
19. Monument to the “Defenders of Moscow”
40th kilometer of Leningradskoe highway. The city of Zelenograd is one of the new and most beautiful districts of Moscow. It is spread out freely in the forest near Moscow in the area of the Kryukovo station. Here in November-December 1941. The defenders of the Motherland fought to the death. From here they began their victorious journey to the west. In the history of the great battle for Moscow, the battle of Kryukovo is one of its brightest pages. The soldiers of the Eighth Guards named after I.V. had the opportunity to defend Kryukovo. Panfilov Rifle Division, Second Guards Cavalry Corps of General L.M. Dovator and the first guards tank brigade of General M.E. Katukova. Desperately, despising death, they fought for every street, for every house. Our soldiers retreated only on the night of December 3. They understood that Kryukovo had become a stronghold of the enemy, who had penetrated our defenses near Moscow. Knocking him out of these positions is a task of paramount importance. On January 4th - 6th, attacks on the enemy entrenched in Kryukovo were carried out by units of the 44th Cavalry and 8th Guards Divisions together with the 1st Tank Brigade. The Nazis stubbornly resisted and did everything to hold back the onslaught of our troops. In these battles, our soldiers performed feats of unfading glory. Thousands of soldiers and officers died, at the cost of their lives, pushing the enemy back from Moscow.
June 24, 1974 The opening of a monument to the defenders of Moscow, created according to the design of architects I. Pokrovsky, Yu. Sverdlovsky and A. Shteiman, took place. At the grand opening there were those who walked along the roads of war to Berlin and those who, remaining in the rear, forged formidable weapons, and those who, born after the war, never heard the thunder of guns.
On the Hill of Glory, which forever covered the ashes of the heroes, stands a forty-meter-tall obelisk in the shape of a triangular bayonet. The contours of a five-pointed star are stamped on it. At an angle to the obelisk there is a monumental stele with a bas-relief of a warrior. A heavy helmet shades his eyes, looking sternly out of the stone. A laurel branch is carved on one of the blocks. Nearby are the words: “1941. Here the defenders of Moscow, who died in battle for their Motherland, remained immortal forever.”
At the foot of the hill on a black marble slab is a bronze bowl. Along its inner side there is an ornament made of red copper - an oak branch - a symbol of eternal life. On the bowl is the inscription: “The Motherland will never forget her sons.”
19. Monument to the "Defenders of Moscow"
On the Leningradskoye Highway (23rd kilometer) there is another famous one - a composition of huge anti-tank "Hedgehogs".
20. “Rear to Front”
The monument located in the city of Magnitogorsk. Its height is 15 meters. The monument is a two-figure composition of a worker and a warrior. The worker is oriented to the east, towards the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works. Warrior to the west, towards where the enemy was located during the Great Patriotic War. It is implied that the sword, forged on the banks of the Urals, was then raised by the Motherland in Stalingrad and lowered after the victory in Berlin. The composition also includes an eternal flame in the form of a granite star-flower.
The monument is complemented by two human-sized trapezoids, on which are written in bas-relief the names of Magnitogorsk residents who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War.
On May 9, 2005, the opening of another addition took place, made in the form of two triangular sections, symmetrically filled with elevations of their granite, on which are carved the names of Magnitogorsk residents who died in the Great Patriotic War. In total there are more than 14,000 names.
Conclusion
In the course of our work, we found out that the monuments are dedicated not only to heroic soldiers who shed blood at the front, but also to children, mothers, and home front workers. Monuments were erected not only in our country, but also in other countries whose liberators were Soviet soldiers. Their feat is remembered and honored there.
When we conducted a survey about the need to install monuments, everyone answered that it was very important. It is necessary to remember and know your history.
In our work we collected information about many monuments. I was especially touched by the sculptures dedicated to children and mothers.
Literature
1. https:// fishki.net
2. https://