Alogism in the work. Alogism as a rhetorical device - literary theory - litset

- (Greek). In philosophy, this is the name for deviation from the laws and requirements of logic. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. ALOGISM [Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Alogism- as a literary device, the introduction into literary speech of all kinds of logically meaningless moments, absurdities in literary speech, the destruction of logical and causal connections, the movement of speech according to random associations. Of the most important types of A. we note: ... ... Literary encyclopedia

ALOGISM- (Greek a negative prefix, logos concept, reason) a course of reasoning that violates the laws of logic or the rules for carrying out logical operations. A. always contains a logical error. An error in inference made deliberately for the purpose of... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

alogism- see illogicality Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011. alogism noun, number of synonyms: 8 ... Synonym dictionary

ALOGISM- (from a negative prefix and Greek logismos reason) 1) denial of logical thinking as a means of achieving truth; Rationalism, mysticism, fideism contrast logic with intuition, faith or revelation.2) In stylistics, a deliberate violation in ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ALOGISM- ALOGISM, allogism, husband. (from Greek and without and logismos reasoning) (book). Something incompatible with logical thinking, contrary to logic. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

alogism- a, m. alogisme m. gr. 1. Illogicality, incompatibility with the requirements of logic. Krysin 1998. In Pushkin’s letter, a cheerful verbal game, full of Arzamas hints and alogisms, comes to life again. RR 1974 5 41. 2. philosophy. Denial of logic as... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Alogism- (illogicality; from other Greek a negative particle and other Greek logísmós reason, reason) illogical reasoning, a train of thought that violates the laws and rules of logic, or a fact that does not fit into the framework of logical thinking, something that cannot... ... Wikipedia

alogism- A; m. [Greek an not, without and logismos reasoning]. 1. Lack of logic in anything; what l. illogical, paradoxical. A. action. A. artistic form. 2. Lit. A stylistic device in which logical connections are deliberately broken for the purpose of... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

alogism- (a + Greek logismos reason, judgment) in psychiatry, a disorder of thinking in which judgments do not follow the laws of logic... Large medical dictionary

alogism- (from the Greek and not, logos reason) a train of thought that violates some laws and rules of logic and therefore always contains a logical error. If the mistake was made unintentionally, then we have a paralogism; if the mistake was made for a specific purpose... Dictionary of Logic Terms

Books

Carrot and stick. Principles of a wise leader (gift set of 2 books), . Stylishly designed gift set of 2 books in a designer binding with gold foil embossing, silk ribbon and a three-sided hand-hammered edge. Books are included in...

I teased the teacher with a cobra

Retribution has come in full -

Reasonable, eternal, kind

She got it into my head.

In literary and artistic works, just as in life, illogic comes in two ways: people either say absurd things or do stupid things. (Alogisms are also an expressive means of speech, an artistic device).

In life, alogism is perhaps the most common type of comedy. The inability to connect effect and cause turns out to be very common and occurs more often than one might think.

In Gogol this type of comedy occurs very often. Korobochka, already ready to give up dead souls to Chichikov, timidly remarks: “Or maybe they’ll be needed on the farm somehow in case of emergency” - which completely drives Chichikov out of patience. It can be noted that many of Gogol’s characters - Khlestakov, Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, Nozdryov, Korobochka and others - they do not know how to intelligently connect two words and tell any intelligibly what happened. Bobchinsky, telling how he first saw Khlestakov, drags in here Rastakovsky, and Korobkin, and some Pochechuev, who has “stomach shaking,” and describes in detail how and where he met Dobchinsky (“near the booth where pies are sold "), which has nothing to do with the case, He weaves a whole chain of conclusions, from which it seems obvious that the visitor is undoubtedly an auditor. Bobchinsky's story about Khlestakov's arrival is an example of confusion and stupidity. He does not know how to highlight the main thing. In general, the course of reasoning of Gogol’s characters is most unexpected. The two ladies think that the dead souls mean that Chichikov wants to take away the governor’s daughter; The postmaster is convinced that Chichikov is Captain Kopeikin, and only then remembers that Kopeikin is an invalid without an arm and a leg, and Chichikov is completely healthy. Alogism appears especially clearly when it is used as an attempt to justify some of one’s not entirely impeccable actions.

This includes the mayor’s words about the non-commissioned officer’s widow: “She flogged herself,” or the words of the assessor in “The Inspector General,” who always smells of vodka and who explains this by saying that in “his childhood his mother hurt him, and has been giving him away ever since.” a little vodka from him.” When the woman in the story about Ivan Ivanovich’s quarrel with Ivan Nikiforovich takes out to air not only Ivan Nikiforovich’s Nankan trousers and... other rags, but also a gun, then this is a typical case of illogical actions, based on a subconscious conclusion by analogy.

Comic crones in comedies are often endowed with stupidity. In Ostrovsky’s comedy “Truth is good, but happiness is better,” Mavra Tarasovna speaks of a man whom she considers dead, but about whom she is told that he is alive, like this: “It’s impossible for him to be alive, that’s why I’ve been for his death for twenty years.” I give my soul: there’s only so much a person can withstand.

Although logic teaches that conclusions by analogy have no cognitive significance, in life this kind of reasoning is especially common. A child thinks primarily in analogies and only much later learns to think about the true causes of the phenomena around him. Here's an example: a grandmother puts salad on her grandson and pours vegetable oil over it. The boy asks

- Grandma, will you pour oil on me too?

Chukovsky, in his book “From Two to Five,” collected material related to children's language creativity. It would be no less interesting to collect facts related to children's logic. But while in the logic of children there is evidence of some first, naive mental searches, some attempts to connect phenomena, to understand the world, in the logic of adults there are only ridiculous errors.

Alogisms are widely used in clownery, Boris Vyatkin came out. into the arena with his little dog Manyunechka, leading her on a short and thick ship rope, which immediately caused joyful laughter from the audience. This case seems to directly confirm Hegel’s theory: “Any contrast between ends and means can become comic.” A thick rope is completely unsuitable for driving a small dog. The contrast between means and ends makes me laugh,

In all such cases, the illogicality seems to lie at the root. superiority and reveals himself to the viewer, listener or reader through clearly stupid actions or breakdown. But. illogic can be hidden and completely unnoticeable at first glance. Someone alone notices him and exposes him in some remark, which immediately reveals his stupidity and causes laughter.

Such remarks require observation and talent. They are the response of a sharp mind to the manifestation of stupidity. The ability to give such answers is one of the types of wit. The following incident from the life of Bernard Shaw, passed off as reality, is widely recounted. He received a letter with the following content:

“I am the most beautiful woman in England, you are the smartest man. I think we should have a baby."

To which came the following response:

“What if our offspring inherits my beauty and your intelligence?”

A similar, but still slightly different anecdote was reprinted in the journal Science and Life (1966, No. 3).

"Angry Lady:

- Well, you know, if I were your wife, I would pour poison into your morning coffee!

Gentleman:

“If I were your husband, I would drink this poison with pleasure!”

Alogism as an artistic technique of arousing the comic is especially common in folklore. Here he is, one might say, a system.

Starting from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and humanism, when collections of fabliaux, jartes, facets, and schwanks began to be published throughout Europe, partially turning into classical literature (Chaucer, Boccaccio), and ending with expeditions that to this day bring the richest material, this type folklore continues to live and turns out to be immortal. In the East, the figure of Nasreddin was created, a cheerful wit pretending to be a simpleton. Figure. this one went around all the countries of the Middle East and is still alive today. Not everything in folklore is equally sharp and comic, but here you can find true pearls.

We will briefly dwell on Russian folklore. A number of different tales about fools, fools, etc. simpletons is extremely great. But this does not happen because there are many fools in life and that people want to make fun of them. This is explained by the fact that obvious or exposed stupidity causes healthy and enjoyable laughter... This laughter castigates fools, but the opinion of some researchers that these tales have a conscious satirical orientation and pursue the goal of an active fight against stupidity cannot be considered correct. There are several types of fairy tale folklore in which the main characters are fools. One type of such tales is dedicated to the inhabitants of one particular locality. In Ancient Greece, these were the inhabitants of Abdera, the Abderites; among the Germans, the Swabians were considered narrow-minded. The folk book about the seven Swabians is one of the funniest folk books. About such books, the young Engels wrote: “This wit, this naturalness of concept and execution, good-natured humor that always accompanies caustic ridicule so that it does not become too evil, the amazing comicality of statements - all this, to be honest, is capable of putting a significant part of our literature" (Marx, Engels, I).

For some reason, residents of the former Poshekhonsky district of the Yaroslavl province are considered narrow-minded. However, it is possible that this association does not come from folklore at all, but from the book by V. Berezaisky “Anecdotes of the Ancient Poshekhons with the Addition of a Funny Dictionary” (1798). There are no Poshekhons in any of the Russian fairy tale collections; they are not mentioned. The essence of stories about such simpletons comes down to stories about stupid actions. Such simpletons sow salt, try to milk chickens, carry light in bags, drive a horse into a collar instead of putting it on it, jump into trousers, chop the branch on which they are sitting, etc. They buy a gun at the fair, load him, wanting to check how it shoots; one of them looks into the barrel and wants to see how the bullet will fly out. All this belongs to the category of cases that we above called illogical actions.

In the above cases, stupidity is, so to speak, a collective phenomenon. It covers all residents of one area or even several people at the same time. Another type of fairy tale is one about the stupid actions of individuals. A compassionate but stupid woman, sitting on a cart, takes part of the luggage on her lap to make it easier for the horse. Such stories can be classified as folk jokes. But there are also more developed stories.

In one of the fairy tales, brothers send a fool into town to do some shopping. “Ivanushko bought everything: he bought a table, and spoons, and cups, and salt; a whole cartload of all sorts of things.” It would seem that everything is fine. But fairy tale fools have one property: they are pitiful. This pity prompts them to completely unreasonable actions. In this case, the horse is thin and exhausted. “What, Ivanushko thinks to himself, because the horse has four legs and the table also has four; so the table will run away on its own!” He took the table and put it on the road. In the future, he feeds all the provisions to the crows, he puts the pots on the stumps so as not to freeze, etc. His brothers beat him.

This tale is very interesting in many respects. A fool sees the world distortedly and makes incorrect conclusions. This is how he makes his listeners laugh. But his inner motives are the best. He pities everyone, is ready to give his last, and thus involuntarily evokes sympathy. This fool is better than many wise men,

This cannot be said about the fairy tale “The Stuffed Fool.” The mother said to her son: “You should go, son, rub yourself around people and gain some sense.” He walks past two men who are threshing peas and begins to rub against them. They beat him. His mother teaches him: “You should have told them: God help you, good people! You wouldn’t be able to carry it, you shouldn’t carry it.” The fool greets the funeral and pronounces the wish that his mother taught him. He is beaten again. His mother’s teaching that he must was to say "eve and incense", he says at the wedding (eve = funeral service), and he is beaten again. This fairy tale is very popular and is known in many versions. The fool of this fairy tale is helpful, friendly, wants to please everyone. But he is always late, the past applies to the present and, despite all the helpfulness, arouses anger in everyone and only receives beatings.Lenin refers to this fairy tale to characterize figures who do not know how to navigate the present and, guided by what has already passed, do everything at the wrong time.

Another example. A girl goes to the river to rinse her mop. On the other side is the village where her fiancé lives. She imagines how her son will be born, how he will go on the ice, fall through and drown. She begins to howl and wail. Father, mother, grandfather, grandmother and others come and, after listening to the story, they also begin to howl. The groom comes out to hear this howl and, having found out what’s going on, goes around the world to see if he can find someone stupider than his bride - and usually he finds.

Many stories about fools are combined with motives of fooling. Tales about fools are inseparable from tales about clever cunning people. The old woman's son died. A soldier asks to spend the night with her, who calls himself “Finally, from the other world,” and undertakes to deliver a shirt, canvas and all sorts of supplies to his son to the next world. The old woman believes him, and the soldier takes gifts for his son with him.

Another phenomenon is represented by Ivan the Fool, the hero of fairy tales. He is only a fool at first: he sits on the stove, “covered in soot and snot,” and everyone laughs at him. But it is precisely this fool who later turns out to be smarter than his brothers and performs various fabulously heroic feats. This has its own philosophy. The hero of fairy tales has the most important things: spiritual beauty and moral strength.

However, fairy tales about fools also have their own philosophy. Fools ultimately evoke the sympathy and sympathy of listeners. The Fool of Russian fairy tales has moral virtues, and this is more important than having an external mind.

logismos- reason, reason) - illogical reasoning, a train of thought that violates the laws and rules of logic, or a fact that does not fit into the framework of logical thinking, something that cannot be justified logically, contrary to logic.

Logic and philosophy

In philosophy, illogicalism is understood not only as a logical error, but also as the denial of logical thinking and logic as a means of achieving truth, as a fundamental principle. Philosophical doctrines and trends, an essential aspect of which is alogism, include irrationalism, mysticism, fideism, intuitionism, and intuitionism. As a means of knowledge, these theories propose intuition as a direct intuitive comprehension of truth, faith or revelation. At the same time, alogism is used as a principle not only in the field of epistemology or logic, but also in the field of aesthetics and philosophy of mathematics (the problem of substantiating mathematics and knowledge in mathematics).

Literature

In poetics, alogism is understood as a literary device (stylistic figure) - a violation of the logical connection in literary speech. Alogism is closely related to absurdity and nonsense.

Varieties of illogicalism are: discrepancy between the syntactic and semantic structure of speech; violation of the logical connection (logical gap) between speech patterns, phrases, replicas, individual parts of the dialogue; opposition of objects and properties that do not contain anything opposite, or comparison of objects and properties devoid of any similarity; an imaginary absurd conclusion; destruction of causal connections; movement of speech according to random associations; a meaningless or meaningless statement.

Ivan Ivanovich is of a somewhat timid nature. Ivan Nikiforovich, on the contrary, has trousers with such wide folds... (N.V. Gogol.)
I will never forget whether it happened or not, this evening. (A. A. Blok)

Alogism is often used to create a comic effect and is associated with an attitude toward irony, the grotesque, and the irrational. The comic effect of alogisms is used in folklore (folk riddles), in the works of satirists (N.V. Gogol, fables and aphorisms of Kozma Prutkov), in funny poems for children (K.I. Chukovsky, D.I. Kharms, etc.). The use of illogic to show the illogicality and irrationality of reality is characteristic of the work of Gogol, Lautreamont, F. Kafka, the surrealists, the Oberiuts, and the theater of the absurd.

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See what “Alogism” is in other dictionaries:

As a literary device, the introduction into literary speech of all kinds of logically meaningless moments, absurdities in literary speech, the destruction of logical and causal connections, the movement of speech according to random associations. Of the most important types of A. we note: ... ... Literary encyclopedia

- (Greek a negative prefix, logos concept, reason) a course of reasoning that violates the laws of logic or the rules for carrying out logical operations. A. always contains a logical error. An error in inference made deliberately for the purpose of... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

See illogicality Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011. alogism noun, number of synonyms: 8 ... Synonym dictionary

- (from a negative prefix and Greek logismos reason) 1) denial of logical thinking as a means of achieving truth; Rationalism, mysticism, fideism contrast logic with intuition, faith or revelation.2) In stylistics, a deliberate violation in ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ALOGISM, allogism, husband. (from Greek and without and logismos reasoning) (book). Something incompatible with logical thinking, contrary to logic. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

A; m. [Greek an not, without and logismos reasoning]. 1. Lack of logic in anything; what l. illogical, paradoxical. A. action. A. artistic form. 2. Lit. A stylistic device in which logical connections are deliberately broken for the purpose of... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (a + Greek logismos reason, judgment) in psychiatry, a disorder of thinking in which judgments do not follow the laws of logic... Large medical dictionary

- (from the Greek and not, logos reason) a train of thought that violates some laws and rules of logic and therefore always contains a logical error. If the mistake was made unintentionally, then we have a paralogism; if the mistake was made for a specific purpose... Dictionary of Logic Terms

Books

Carrot and stick. Principles of a wise leader (gift set of 2 books), . Stylishly designed gift set of 2 books in a designer binding with gold foil embossing, silk ribbon and a three-sided hand-hammered edge. Books are included in...

See also `Alogism` in other dictionaries

ALOGISM (from a - negative prefix and Greek logismos - mind) - 1) denial of logical thinking as a means of achieving truth; Rationalism, mysticism, fideism contrast logic with intuition, faith or revelation. 2) In stylistics, a deliberate violation of logical connections in speech for the purpose of a stylistic (including comic) effect: “I will never forget whether it happened or didn’t happen, this evening” (A. Blok).

alogism

-A , m.

A train of thought that violates the rules of logic; smb. illogical, contrary to logic.

2. lit.

A stylistic device in which logical connections are deliberately broken in order to create a comic effect.

[From Greek ’α - non-, without- and λογισμός - reasoning]

Small academic dictionary. - M.: Institute of Russian Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences Evgenieva A. P. 1957-1984

1. Illogicality.
2. Nonsense.
3. A thought that breaks the structure of reasoning.

alogism

ALOGISM-A; m.[Greek an- - non-, without- and logismos - reasoning].

1. Lack of logic in smb.; smb. illogical, paradoxical. A. action. A. artistic form.

2. Lit. A stylistic device in which logical connections are deliberately broken in order to create a comic effect.

Great Dictionary of Russian language. - 1st edition: St. Petersburg: Norint S. A. Kuznetsov. 1998

ALOGISM - as a literary device - the introduction into literary speech of all kinds of logically meaningless moments, absurdities in literary speech, the destruction of logical and causal connections, the movement of speech according to random associations. Of the most important types of A., we note: the discrepancy between the syntactic and semantic movement of speech, the opposition (comparison) of moments that do not contain anything opposite (common) (“I. I. is of a somewhat timid nature. I. N., on the contrary, has trousers in such folds...", etc.), an imaginary (absurd) conclusion, a logical gap between remarks, a verbal cover of a logical void, etc. A. most often takes place in the prologue, in the speech of the narrator. Moreover, A. is usually associated with an orientation toward the comic, irony, grotesque, and irrational. The role of A. in Gogol is very important.

Alogism alog izzm

Russian word stress. - M.: ENAS. M.V. Zarva. 2001.

(from the Greek a - not, logos - reason) - a train of thought that violates some laws and rules of logic and therefore always contains a logical error. If the mistake was made unintentionally, then we have a paralogism; if the mistake was made for a specific purpose, then we are faced with sophistry.

Alogism

A stylistic device based on:

1) deliberate violation of logical connections in the text;

2) verbal redundancy;

3) infusing concepts from different spheres of life, styles and speech situations.

A. is used to create irony, comic effect, and speech characteristics of characters: The car drives fast, but the cook cooks better(E. Ionesco).

Alogism `Medical dictionary`

(a- + Greek logismos reason, judgment) in psychiatry - a disorder of thinking in which judgments do not follow the laws of logic.

Violation of logical laws and rules in speech, language and behavior. In speech, the appearance of A. is inevitable and natural. So, to the question “do you know when the director of your company will be at the exhibition?” There are only 2 strictly logical answers: “I know” or “I don’t know.” The interlocutor here needs something completely different. Strictly logical answers will not make him particularly amused. A. also includes all inaccuracies in the classification of things and phenomena. Thus, cars are divided into trucks and cars, but all-terrain vehicles cannot be distinguished separately, since they can be both cars and trucks. A very common method is the replacement of a specific concept with an abstract one. For example, they say that they “sell paintings” (not “pictures”). Or the song says: “Our address is not a house, nor a street, our address is the Soviet Union.” A. is a tautology in which the defining concept repeats the defined: “soapy soap”, “economical economy”, “manager - ...

Alogism (A- + Greek logismos reason, judgment)

in psychiatry - a thinking disorder in which judgments do not follow the laws of logic.

1. Small medical encyclopedia. - M.: Medical encyclopedia. 1991-96 2. First aid. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1994 3. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Medical Terms. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. - 1982-1984

(Greek). In philosophy, this is the name for deviation from the laws and requirements of logic.

(Source: “Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language.” Chudinov A.N., 1910)

The phenomenon of violation of logical connection, consistency, validity of reasoning; nonsense.

(Source: “Dictionary of Foreign Words”. Komlev N.G., 2006)

(a- + Greek logismos reason, judgment) in psychiatry, a disorder of thinking in which judgments do not follow the laws of logic.

Alogism (from Greek a - negative particle and logísmós - mind, reason)

1) in philosophy, a course of thought that ignores the laws and rules of logic, violating the agreement of thinking with reality. Often A. is hidden by the formal correctness of the statement. For example, the conclusion of the Mensheviks about the Revolution of 1905-07, refuted by V.I. Lenin: if the revolution is bourgeois, then its hegemon should be the bourgeoisie, and not the proletariat. A. can only be discovered by a concrete dialectical analysis of the reality reflected in the argument, because a purely formal-logical analysis of the statement will not reveal its A. It was the dialectical analysis that allowed V. I. Lenin to conclude that the hegemony of the proletariat is inevitable in the bourgeois revolution in Russia. Dialectical approach in logical...

m. 1) A train of thought that violates the laws and rules of logic. 2) A stylistic device that consists of deliberately breaking logical connections (usually with the aim of creating a comic effect). 3) Same as: illogic.

alogism

noun, number of synonyms: (8)

Illogic (8)

Nonsense (51)

Illogicality (16)

inconsistency (18)

Fuzzy (26)

inconsistency (10)

Confusion (9)

Confusion (13)

ASIS synonym dictionary, ...

allogism, m. (from Greek a - without and logismos - reasoning) (book). Something incompatible with logical thinking, contrary to logic.

ALOGISM

(Greek a - negative prefix, logos - concept, reason) - a course of reasoning that violates the laws of logic or the rules for carrying out logical operations. A. always contains a logical error. An error in inference made deliberately, with the aim of presenting something false as true, is called sophistry; an unintentional error in inference - paralogism.

Philosophy: Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Gardariki. Edited by A.A. Ivina.

Alogism `Philosophical Dictionary`

ALOGISM

alogue And zm

1) A train of thought that violates the laws and rules of logic.

2) A stylistic device that consists of deliberately breaking logical connections (usually with the aim of creating a comic effect).

3) Same as: illogic.

Efremova. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. 2012

Alogism in the work. Alogism as a rhetorical device - literary theory - litset

Books

Logic and philosophy

Literature

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