Later, academician, chief designer of ground-based missile launch support facilities.
Barmin Vladimir Pavlovich
V.P. Barmin was born on March 17, 1909 in Moscow, in the family of an employee. In 1917, he entered the Moscow Real School, which a year later was transformed into a secondary school of the first and second stages. In 1926, having successfully completed both levels of this school, Barmin entered the mechanical faculty of the Moscow Mechanical Engineering Institute (later the Moscow Higher Technical University named after N.E. Bauman), from which he graduated in 1930 with a degree in mechanical engineer for refrigeration machines and apparatus ". Barmin is sent to work at the Moscow Kotloapparat plant (since 1931, the Compressor plant) as a design engineer. V.P. Barmin is participating in the design of a new, modern compressor VP-230. In a short time, he managed to complete the design, produce working drawings, organize the manufacture and conduct of control tests of the compressor.
Soon V.P. Barmin becomes the head of the compressor group of the plant's design bureau. In 1933-1935, under his leadership, VG series compressors were developed for the coal industry, the first domestic compressors: brake TV-130 for electric locomotives and vertical carbon dioxide UV-70/2 for sea vessels. In 1935, the design bureau was entrusted with a task of special national importance - to quickly design a refrigeration unit for cooling the sarcophagus in the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin. V.P. Barmin developed the carbon dioxide compressor UG-160 for this refrigeration unit.
Since 1931, V.P. Barmin conducts part-time scientific and pedagogical work at the Moscow Higher Technical University named after N.E. Bauman, where he taught a course in thermodynamics and a course on “Calculation and design of piston compressors”; in addition, he supervises coursework and diploma projects.
At the end of 1935 V.P. Barmin, as one of the leading specialists in the Glavmashprom group, was sent to the USA to study the production and operation of compressors and refrigeration equipment. Before leaving, a meeting was held with the People's Commissar of Heavy Industry Sergo Ordzhonikidze, who gave Barmin personal instructions. He had to study the manufacturing technology of household refrigerators and find out the details of the process for producing edible transparent ice. This question was of personal interest to Comrade Stalin. In May 1936, the delegation returned to Moscow and, based on the results of the business trip, Barmin presented a report in which he detailed the state of production of refrigeration equipment in the USA.
The situation in the country was alarming. Soon, almost everyone who was with Barmin on a business trip to the United States was arrested. One day Barmin was called to the director of the plant, where NKVD officers were waiting for him. Barmin spent the whole day in Lubyanka, where they demanded that he testify against the leader of their delegation. Barmin gave him a positive description and did not go back on his words. He was released at night. In the morning, Barmin was not allowed into the plant. His pass was confiscated. Then they sorted it out and returned the pass.
Life went on. V.P. Barmin continued to work at the plant as the head of the design bureau's design group and was involved in the development of the first domestic marine freon refrigeration machines. At the end of 1940 V.M. Barmin was appointed chief designer of the Compressor plant, but his plans for the further development of refrigeration equipment were not destined to come true.
The Great Patriotic War radically changed the direction of V.P.’s work. Barmina. On June 30, 1941, by order of the People's Commissar of General Engineering, the Kompressor plant was given the task of launching mass production of RS-132 (M-13) rockets and launchers for them at the plant. At the same time, by order of the People's Commissar, the department of the chief designer and the SKB were merged into the SKB at the Kompressor plant. A.G. was appointed chief designer of SKB. Kostikov is the head and chief designer of NII-3, where rocket launchers were created. V.P. Barmin is appointed head of the SKB and deputy chief designer of the SKB. From the very beginning of the work of the SKB, major disagreements began to arise between Kostikov and Barmin, which radically affected the implementation of the task of serial production of launchers. By the decision of the commission, chaired by the Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Malenkov, A.G. Kostikov was removed from further management of the SKB work and V.P. was appointed chief designer of the SKB at the Kompressor plant. Barmin.
During the Great Patriotic War, SKB and the plant under the leadership of V.P. Barmina developed and manufactured 78 types of experimental and experimental designs of multiple rocket launchers, popularly called "Katyushas", of which 36 types were adopted and were in service with the Red Army and Navy.
Since 1946 V.P. Barmin becomes the head and chief designer of GSKB Spetsmash, the leading enterprise for the creation of launch, handling, refueling and auxiliary ground equipment for missile systems. V.P. Barmin becomes a member of the Council of Chief Designers, created by S.P. Korolev to coordinate work on the creation of rocket technology.
Since 1947, under the leadership of V.P. Barmina, in a short time, launch complexes were developed for the preparation and launch of ballistic missiles designed by S.P. Korolev: R-1, R-2 (1948-1952), R-11, R-5 and the first strategic missile with a nuclear warhead R-5M. In 1957, work was completed on the launch complex of the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile R-7, which launched into Earth orbit the first artificial satellite of the Earth and the first cosmonaut of the planet, Yu.A. Gagarin.
V.P. Barmin, together with his team, made a huge contribution to the creation of the nuclear missile shield of the Motherland. In the 1960s, GSKB Spetsmash created silo launch complexes for R-12, R-14, R-9A, and UR-100 combat missiles.
Under Barmin's leadership, unique launch complexes were developed and created for the UR-500 (Proton) launch vehicles and the Energia-Buran reusable rocket and space system. Along with design activities, V.P. Barmin took an active part in the training of scientists and highly qualified specialists. From 1959 to 1989 He headed the department of "Launching and technical complexes of rockets and spacecraft." At the Moscow Higher Technical School named after. N.E. Bauman V.P. Barmin was the honorary president of the Academy of Cosmonautics named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky, member of the International Academy of Astronautics.
V.P. Barmin died in 1993. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
Links:
1. Preparation for the first tests of A-4 missiles at the test site
2. Lunar Council on N1-L3 1967
3. 12th launch of E-6 to the Moon: failure during braking near the Moon 1965
4. Dissatisfaction with Mishin in the ministry and the Central Committee, 1967
5. The next directives on the Moon
6. Ustinov comes to NPO Energia to decide the fate of N1
7. The leadership of the USSR did not concentrate its efforts on the flight to the Moon
8. Korolev at NII-88 in a disadvantaged position, “conversation” with Ustinov
9. N1 N5L: start and explosion of N1
10. Khlebnikov Boris
11. R-7 Problem No. 3 - pairing a heavy rocket with a launch device
12. Meeting on the N1 launch vehicle launch program
13. Joint tests of the R-7, adoption
14. A classic example of an accident due to “outrageous sloppiness”
15. Council of Chiefs for the N1-L3 program, Keldysh for Mars!
16. R-7 (8K71) rocket: preparation for field testing
17. Missile launchers
18. Brezhnev visited OKB-1 instead of Khrushchev, 1964.
19. Session of the general meeting of the Academy of Sciences - rocket scientists of 1958 are elected.
20. E-3 second launch: failure - not enough kerosene
21. N1 N6L: launch and accident 1971
22. N1 N 3L: search for the causes of the accident: KORD is under suspicion
23. Rudnitsky V.A.
24. Chertok Boris Evseevich
25. State Commission for Testing the R-7 Missile
26. Vostok-2 preparation for flight with German Titov 1961
27.
Vladimir Pavlovich Barmin (1909 - 1993) - Soviet scientist, designer of jet launchers, rocket-space and combat launch complexes. We invite you to read the article “The Life Work of Academician Barmin” by Alexander Zheleznyakov, which tells about the biography of the designer. The text was originally published in the X-Materials newspaper (N1, December 2012).
Vladimir Pavlovich Barmin was born on March 4 (17), 1909 in Moscow, into the family of an employee. In 1917, he entered the Ivantsov Moscow Real School, which a year later was transformed into a secondary school of the first and second levels.
Already in his school years, Barmin showed himself to be a smart and inquisitive boy. Therefore, in 1926, having successfully completed both levels of school and seeking to obtain a higher technical education, he applied for admission to three institutes at once. Successfully passes exams in two of them - at the mechanical faculty of the Moscow Mechanical Engineering Institute (later Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School) and at the Lomonosov Institute (Moscow Mechanical Institute named after Lomonosov, the predecessor of the Moscow Automechanical Institute, now the Moscow State Mechanical Engineering University).
In the first semester he attends lectures at both institutes. How he manages to do this is silent. But Barmin used this time to finally determine his further engineering specialization.
From the second semester he becomes a student only at Baumanka. In 1930, he brilliantly defended his thesis on the topic “Perm City Refrigerator”, becoming a mechanical engineer for refrigeration machines and apparatus.
In those years, upon graduating from higher educational institutions, young specialists were given certificates of completion of their studies at the institute instead of diplomas. With such a certificate, Barmin was sent to the Moscow Kotloapparat plant, which was engaged in the production of refrigeration equipment. In 1931, the plant, which produced bulky, low-performance horizontal compressors for refrigeration equipment, was renamed Compressor.
Having started his career as a design engineer at the plant, Barmin immediately became involved in the activities of the enterprise’s design bureau. His first work was the design of a new, modern vertical compressor. Youth, knowledge, and the ability to work with people allowed the young engineer to complete the design, produce working drawings, manufacture and conduct control tests of the new VP-230 compressor at the plant in record time (in just six months). The plant began the transition from the production of low-speed ammonia horizontal compressors to new high-speed vertical compressors.
Subsequently, having already become the Chief Designer of launch complexes for ballistic missiles, Vladimir Pavlovich recalled with pleasure this first design victory. Largely thanks to this work, he was able to reach those heights that forever inscribed his name in the history of space exploration.
Just two years later, the plant management, satisfied with the success of the young engineer, assigned him to head the compressor group of the design bureau. In the 1930s, under his leadership, a number of powerful air compressors of the VG series were developed for the coal industry, the first domestic brake compressor TV-130 for electric locomotives, the first domestic vertical carbon dioxide compressor UV-70/2 for sea vessels, carbon dioxide compressor UG-160 for refrigeration installations of the Lenin Mausoleum and a mobile high-pressure compressor AK-50/150 for aviation.
As those who had the opportunity to work with Vladimir Pavlovich recalled, even then the main features of his character began to appear. He accepted comments and criticism normally, without offense, and drew the necessary conclusions for himself. Barmin always put business first.
At the end of 1935, Barmin, as part of a group of Glavmashprom specialists, was sent to the USA to study the production and operation of compressors and refrigeration equipment. In addition to the general task, Vladimir Pavlovich received two personal instructions from the People's Commissar of Heavy Industry Sergo Ordzhonikidze. One of them concerned the study of the production of home refrigerators, which began to be widely used in everyday life abroad. And Barmin’s second assignment was to figure out a very “touchy” issue: how the Americans make clear ice. In our artificial production, at that time (and many years later) it only turned out cloudy.
In May 1936, the delegation returned to Moscow, and Barmin presented an extensive report on the results of the trip. It outlined in detail the state of production of refrigeration equipment in the USA, the advantages and disadvantages of compressors manufactured at various factories, and also provided recommendations on what products it would be advisable to purchase. It also proposed developing the domestic compressor and refrigeration engineering industries.
Largely thanks to the information that Barmin brought from America, refrigerators entered our everyday life. Under his leadership, the first domestic marine freon refrigeration machines 1FV, 2FV and 4FV were developed, and the first domestic experimental direct-acting diesel compressor was created.
At the end of 1940, he was appointed chief designer of the Compressor plant. The innovations that Barmin saw during a business trip to America shape his views on the further development of compressor and refrigeration technology in our country. However, the big plans of the young chief were not destined to come true - the Great Patriotic War began, which radically changed the scientific and production work of the young designer.
Radical changes were influenced by the decision made by the government of our country literally the day before the start of the war, on June 21, 1941. Then a decree was signed on the deployment of mass production of PC-132 (or M-13) missiles, launchers for them, and the beginning of the formation of specialized military units for their use. On the ninth day of the war, the director of the Compressor plant and Barmin, as the chief designer, were summoned to the People's Commissar of General Mechanical Engineering Pyotr Parshin, where they were given the task of completely rebuilding the plant, switching it to mass production of a new type of weapon, the future legendary Katyushas.
In fact, it was from this moment that Barmin began to work on launch complexes, first for jet weapons and then for missile weapons. And although this happened forcedly, Vladimir Pavlovich never regretted that fate decreed it this way and not otherwise. He would probably have become a significant figure in the refrigeration industry. But it is unlikely that his biography would be of interest to anyone except a narrow circle of specialists and historians. But the life and work of Barmin the rocket scientist is interesting to many.
But let's go back to the war years.
Simultaneously with the People's Commissar's order to repurpose the Kompressor plant, a special design bureau (SKB) was created. Andrei Kostikov, who was also the head and chief designer of NII-3 (formerly RNII), was appointed chief designer of jet weapons developments. Vladimir Barmin was appointed head of the SKB and deputy chief designer.
The launchers created in the workshops of the RNII were made at the artisanal level and could not be accepted by the plant for mass production in this design. Structural reworking of many components of the installation was required, ensuring the possibility of using other technologies in mass production. For example, welded or cast structural elements, used commercially produced components, and so on. This work was developed by Barmin at SKB.
At the same time, the first friction arose between Kostikov and Barmin, which in a different situation could have ended very sadly for Vladimir Pavlovich. If it were not for his correctness in the decisions made. And the necessity of what he did for the country.
And the essence of the conflict was as follows. Kostikov, who had no knowledge or experience of working in factories, met with hostility any changes proposed by SKB employees. Moreover, Barmin’s persistence at some point began to irritate the chief designer. And when Barmin, after consultation with the developers of the missile and agreement with the responsible representative of the People's Commissar supervising the work, independently decided to put the revised drawings into production at the Compressor, Kostikov wrote a letter to the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (Bolsheviks) demanding the removal of his deputy from work .
As a result, by the decision of the Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Georgy Malenkov, Kostikov was removed from further management of the work of the SKB and he was instructed to concentrate his work at NII-3. Barmin was appointed chief designer of the design bureau at the Kompressor plant.
Busy days began for Vladimir Pavlovich and the staff of the newly created design bureau. With round-the-clock work, design and technological revision of the combat installation documentation was carried out in the shortest possible time. Already on July 23, 1941, the Kompressor plant, according to SKB drawings, manufactured and sent for field testing the first combat installation under the symbol BM-13-16. After successful completion of the tests, this combat vehicle was put into service in August 1941, and the drawings worked out at SKB were approved for mass production. By the beginning of December 1941, military units located near Moscow had 415 such installations in service. At a time when the enemy was on the outskirts of Moscow, SKB developed a new design for a 24-round launcher on the chassis of T-40 (T-60) light tanks for M-8 rockets.
At the end of the summer of 1941, Barmin was given another important wartime task - to quickly design two types of armored trains armed with M-13 and M-8 rockets. Despite seemingly insurmountable difficulties, the work was completed, and already in November 1941, armored trains were put on the Moscow Ring Railway and played an important role in the defense of the capital.
Subsequently, under the leadership of Barmin, a number of launchers were created, including the improved BM-13N combat vehicle, which became the main multi-charge launcher of the Red Army until the end of the Great Patriotic War.
In total, during the war years, under the leadership of Barmin, 78 types of experimental and experimental designs of launchers BM-13, BM-8, BM-8-36, BM-8-48, BM-31-12 and others were developed and manufactured, of which 36 types were in service. These installations were mounted on all types of land and water vehicles capable of transporting them, including railway platforms, sea and river boats, sleighs and skis. By the end of the war, about 3,000 rocket launchers were deployed on all fronts.
The country's leadership highly appreciated the work of SKB at the Kompressor plant.
Many of his employees were awarded orders and medals. The merits of Vladimir Pavlovich Barmin were awarded the Order of Lenin, Kutuzov, 1st degree, Red Banner of Labor, medals “For the Defense of Moscow” and “For the Liberation of Warsaw,” and he was awarded the title of Stalin Prize laureate, 1st degree.
The experience that Barmin acquired while working at the SKB at the Kompressor plant turned out to be extremely necessary at a time when there was a need to become familiar with the “rocket heritage” of the Nazis. Immediately after the surrender of Germany, the top leadership of the USSR decided to send several groups of Soviet specialists to the Soviet zone of occupation to study this technology and the means of its production. Among them was Barmin, who received the military rank of colonel on this occasion.
When the scale of the work that had to be completed became clear, it was decided to create a number of institutes in the occupied territory, where it was planned to gather specialists and German rocket scientists who had arrived from the USSR and were ready to cooperate with the new authorities. Barmin became the technical director of one of these institutes, called “Berlin”. Under his leadership, specialists searched for and restored technical documentation and finished samples of ground equipment for German V-2, Wasserfel, Schmeterling and other missiles.
In Germany, Barmin met Sergei Korolev, Valentin Glushko, Nikolai Pilyugin and other future creators of rocket technology in our country. It was there that they first began to interact. This cooperation, which seemed temporary at the time, took shape over many years and produced results that were striking in their historical consequences.
On May 13, 1946, a Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was issued, which set the task of creating missile weapons in the country, identified the main implementing organizations and appointed their leaders. SKB at the Kompressor plant was transformed into the State Union Design Bureau of Special Engineering (GSKB Spetsmash, from the mid-1960s - Design Bureau of General Engineering, KBOM), it became the leading one in the country for the creation of launch, lifting and transport, refueling and auxiliary ground equipment for missile systems. Barmin, as the head and chief designer of the GSKB Spetsmash, became one of the members of the Council of Chief Designers, headed by Korolev.
The prototype of the first domestic missile system R-1 was the German V-2, which was recreated in our country taking into account changing climatic operating conditions and the capabilities of the country's industry. This work, in addition to fulfilling the main task, simultaneously became the first stage in the development of new equipment by industrial enterprises and the acquisition of experience in operating this equipment by units of the Soviet army.
Almost simultaneously with the work on building ground equipment and the launch position for the R-1 rocket, work began on creating ground equipment for the R-2 rocket. In 1951, the design bureau headed by Barmin successfully completed the work of creating launch complexes for the S-25 anti-aircraft missile system with B-300 surface-to-air missiles. After testing the R-1 in 1950 and the R-2 at the end of 1951 as part of a missile system, they were adopted by the Soviet Army.
Since 1947, under the leadership of Barmin, launch complexes for the R-11, R-5, R-5M missiles were developed - the first domestic missile with a nuclear warhead. For this work, Vladimir Pavlovich was awarded the Order of Lenin and awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
At the same time, the Barmin Design Bureau continued work on the creation of combat multiple rocket launchers - the successors of the Katyushas. Ten combat vehicles were developed, four of which were put into service in the post-war period. Barmin “got rid of” this topic only in 1956, when the volume of work on missiles became so large that there was no time or energy left for other work.
In 1957, work was completed on the launch complex of the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile, the R-7. For completing this important government task, Barmin, along with other chief designers, became a Lenin Prize laureate. Subsequently, on the basis of the “seven”, a whole family of space launch vehicles was created: “Sputnik”, “Luna”, “Vostok”, “Molniya”, “Voskhod”, “Soyuz”. With their help, the world's first artificial Earth satellite, the first lunar explorers, the first automatic interplanetary stations to Venus and Mars, the first man were launched into space...
In the 1960-1980s, Barmin participated in the creation of both combat missile systems and launch pads for space launch vehicles. With his participation, silo launch complexes for combat missiles R-12, R-14, R-9A, UR-100 were created. Under his leadership, launch complexes were developed for the Proton launch vehicles and the reusable space system Energia - Buran.
The designer Barmin also has other works that remain in the annals of space exploration. One of them is the creation of automatic installations for operation in the conditions of the planets of the solar system and the production of inorganic materials and biologically active substances in space. To study the surface of the Moon and Venus, soil sampling devices (GSU) were designed at the Barmin Design Bureau. Using one of these devices (GZU LB-09), a sample of the lunar pound was taken from a depth of about 2.5 meters without disturbing the order of occurrence of the rocks and its delivery to Earth was ensured (1976). Thanks to the use of GZU VB-02, soil samples were taken at three points on the surface of Venus and scientific information on the chemical composition of Venus’ rocks was obtained and transmitted via radio channel to Earth (1982 and 1985).
But, perhaps, Barmin’s most striking work was the world’s first detailed project for a long-term habitable base on the Moon. In the literature it is often called “Barmingrad”, although in official documents it goes under the designation “DLB” (Long-term Lunar Base), and in OKB-1 (the customer of the work was the team of the design bureau headed by Korolev) it was known as “Zvezda”.
It was assumed that the location for the future base would be selected using automatic devices. The site will be mapped from an orbital satellite of the Moon, then an unmanned station will take pound samples and deliver them to Earth, after which the area of future construction will be examined by lunar rovers. At the end of the stage of remote study of the proposed territory of the base, an expedition of four people was supposed to go to the Moon on a “lunar train”.
The "Moon Train" was intended for the construction of a temporary town, and upon its completion - for "travel" around the surrounding area. It was supposed to include a tractor, a residential trailer, a 10 kW isotope power plant and a drilling rig. The chassis of all these vehicles was similar to that of lunar rovers: each wheel had its own electric motor, so the failure of one or even several of the 22 motors did not paralyze the overall progress. A three-layer casing was developed for meteor, thermal and ultraviolet protection of the habitable premises of the train.
The total weight of the “moon train” is 8 tons. The main task of the crew was to be geological research: first - to select sites for a town and a cosmodrome, then - to solve scientific issues. For ease of work, pound samples could be collected with manipulators, without going to the surface.
The “Lunar City” was supposed to be built from nine modules, each of which had its own purpose - laboratory, warehouse, residential and others. The length of each block is 8.6 meters, diameter - 3.3 meters, total weight - 18 tons. The population of the “lunar city” is 12 people.
At the factory, the block had to be made shortened, in the form of a metal accordion 4.5 meters long - to fit the dimensions of the transport ship. On the Moon, at a construction site, air had to be supplied to the accordion under pressure, the structure would move apart, and the block would grow to 8.6 meters.
A prototype of one of these units was used in 1967 during an experiment involving a year-long stay of a group of researchers in a closed environment, conducted at the Institute of Biomedical Problems.
The Zvezda program was seen as a continuation of the Soviet manned lunar program. Therefore, when specialists failed to get ahead of the Americans in the lunar race and the program was closed, work on Barmingrad was also stopped.
Until the early 1990s, the program was kept in archives and classified as “top secret.” The very fact of its existence was denied. However, like all other projects to send a Soviet man to the Moon. And only in modern Russia was it “allowed” to tell the general public about the “lunar city”.
In addition to his main work, Vladimir Pavlovich paid a lot of attention to scientific and pedagogical activities. Since 1931, he taught at the Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School, since 1934 he supervised coursework and diploma projects carried out by students, and in 1938 he developed and taught the course “Calculation and Design of Reciprocating Compressors.” And in 1959 he created the department of “Launching Missile Complexes” at this university and headed it for 30 years.
In the early 1970s, of the two and a half thousand people who worked for Barmin at KBOM at that time, about 800 employees were graduates of this department.
Author of numerous scientific works devoted to the development of the fundamentals of high pressure and low temperature technology, as well as the fundamentals of constructing complex machine-building complexes; research of electric drives, compressor and refrigeration units; creation of rocket-space and combat launch complexes. In 1957, Barmin was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1992 - RAS), and in 1966 he became a full member of the academy.
Vladimir Pavlovich was the honorary president of the Tsiolkovsky Academy of Cosmonautics, a full member of the International Academy of Astronautics, and honorary president of the Thomas Edison International Association of Scientists, Engineers and Inventors.
Until his last days, Barmin lived in Moscow. He died on July 17, 1993. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. The main belt asteroid (22254) Vladbarmin is named after him. In the city of Baikonur there is Academician Barmina Street. In 1999, a memorial plaque was unveiled at the intersection of Barmina and Abai streets, and in 2001, a park was laid out at this place, where a monument was erected to him. And the stele with a memorial plaque was moved to the intersection of Barmin and Gagarin streets.
After the death of Vladimir Pavlovich, his work was continued by his son, Igor, who headed the KBOM. He looks a lot like his father. Not only in appearance, but also in their attitude to the cause that the Barmins served and serve.
Barmin Vladimir Pavlovich - chief designer of the State Design Bureau of Special Engineering of the Ministry of General Engineering of the USSR.
Born on March 4 (17), 1909 in Moscow. From the family of an employee. Russian. He studied at the Moscow Real School, renamed after the October Revolution into a secondary school of the first and second stages (1917-1924).
He graduated from the mechanical faculty of the Moscow Higher Technical School named after N.E. Bauman in 1930. He worked at the Compressor plant in Moscow as a design engineer (1930-1931), senior design engineer (1931-1932), and head of the compressor group (1932-1940). Since 1940 - chief designer of the Kompressor plant. During his work in the pre-war years, he developed many samples of compressors and refrigeration equipment for industry and defense equipment. Here are some of them: a number of powerful air compressors of the VG series for the coal industry (1933-1935), the first domestic brake compressor TV-130 for electric locomotives (1934), the first domestic vertical carbon dioxide compressor UV-70/2 for sea vessels (1934), carbon dioxide compressor UG-160 for the refrigeration unit of the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin (1935), mobile high-pressure compressor AK-50/150 for aviation (1935). In 1935-1936 he was on a long production trip to the USA.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, in July 1941, he was the chief designer of the Kompressor plant and the chief designer of the special design bureau at this plant. SKB and the plant became the lead organizations for the development and production of serial samples of multi-charge rocket artillery launchers, commonly known as “Katyusha”: BM-13, BM-8, BM-8-36, BM-8-48, BM-31-12 and others. In total, during the war years, under the leadership of Barmin, 78 types of missile launchers and their modifications were developed, of which 36 were adopted by the Ground Forces and the Navy. Under the leadership of Barmin, numerous combat installations were created for use on cars, tracked tractors, armored trains, railway platforms, sea and river boats, and even on sleighs and skis, as well as frame stationary installations. For the creation of rocket artillery installations during the war, the GSKB was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and the chief designer V.P. Barmin was awarded three orders.
In 1945-1946, he was part of a team of Soviet engineers sent to Germany and other European countries to collect information and documentation about German jet weapons. There he met and became a like-minded person with S.P. Koroleva, V.P. Glushko, N.A. Pilyugin.
Since 1946, Barmin has been the chief, then general designer of the State Design Bureau of Special Engineering (GSKB Spetsmash, since 1967 - General Engineering Design Bureau) of the USSR Ministry of General Engineering for the development of rocket and space launch complexes. This GSKB was organized on the basis of the Compressor SKB. Since 1947, under the leadership of Barmin, reliable mobile and stationary launch complexes for the preparation and launch of ballistic missiles R-1 (1948), R-2 (1952), R-11, R-5 and R-5M (1954) were developed in a short time -1956). At the same time, work began in his design bureau to solve the problem of launching missiles from silos. The Mayak silo launcher (1960), designed for these purposes, made it possible to conduct a series of research tests, as a result of which a large group of silo launchers was developed in the period 1958-1963, which became an important link in the creation of the country’s missile shield.
For services in the creation of long-range ballistic missiles by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (classified as “top secret”) of April 20, 1956 Barmin Vladimir Pavlovich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
In 1957, under the leadership of V.P. Barmina completed work on creating a launch complex for the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. From the Vostok and Soyuz launch complexes, rockets were launched with the world's first artificial Earth satellite (1957), with the world's first cosmonaut Yu.A. Gagarin (1961), all Soviet spacecraft and satellites. Barmin led the development of the launch complex for the Proton rocket (1965) and the universal space system Energia-Buran (1987-1988), as well as a universal launch stand, which allows not only ground testing of engines and rockets, but also rocket launch (1988). In total, over 20 missile launch systems were created under his leadership.
One of the areas of Barmin’s design activities is the creation of automatic installations for operation in the conditions of the planets of the Solar System and the production of inorganic materials and biologically active substances in space. To study the surface of the Moon and Venus, soil sampling devices (GZU) were designed at the design bureau under the leadership of Barmin (1975). Using one of these devices (GZU LB-09), a sample of lunar soil was taken from a depth of about 2.5 meters without disturbing the order of occurrence of rocks and its delivery to Earth was ensured. Thanks to the use of GZU VB-02, soil samples were taken at three points on the surface of Venus and scientific information on the chemical composition of Venusian rocks was received and transmitted via radio channel to Earth (1982 and 1985).
As one of the 6 permanent members of the Council of Chief Designers, headed by S.P. Korolev, Barmin made a great contribution to the creation of unique samples of defense equipment.
Along with design activities, he took an active part in the training of scientists and highly qualified specialists. Since 1931, he taught at the Moscow Higher Technical School (in 1959-1989 he headed the department), since 1945 - at the same time at the Artillery Academy named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky.
Doctor of Technical Sciences (1958), Professor (1960). Author of a large number of scientific works devoted to the development of the fundamentals of high pressure and low temperature technology, as well as the fundamentals of constructing complex machine-building complexes; research of electric drives, compressor and refrigeration units; creation of rocket-space and combat launch complexes.
Since 1966 - full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1957). Member of the International Academy of Astronautics. Member of the Bureau of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics and Control Processes of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences. Honorary President of the K.E. Tsiolkovsky Academy of Cosmonautics. Honorary President of the International Association of Scientists, Engineers and Inventors named after T. Edison.
Lived in the hero city of Moscow. Died on July 17, 1993. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow (section 10).
Colonel (1945). Awarded six orders of Lenin (03/15/1943, 04/20/1956, 03/17/1959, 06/17/1961, 03/17/1969, 03/16/1979), orders of the October Revolution (04/26/1971), Kutuzov 1st degree (09/16/19 45), two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (03/29/1944, 09/17/1975), medals.
Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1957), Stalin Prize (1943), three State Prizes of the USSR (1967, 1977, 1985). Golden Madele named after V.G. Shukhova (posthumously).
The name of the outstanding scientist was assigned to the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Design Bureau of General Mechanical Engineering named after V.P. Barmin” and the small planet. In Moscow, a memorial plaque was installed on the house in which the Hero lived. In the city of Baikonur, a bust and a memorial plaque (1999) were erected in honor of the Hero.
Vladimir Pavlovich Barmin(March 4 (17), 1909, Moscow - July 17, 1993, Moscow) - Soviet scientist, designer of jet launchers, rocket-space and combat launch complexes. One of the founders of Russian cosmonautics.
At GSKB Spetsmash, with the participation of Barmin, silo complexes for combat missiles R-12, R-14, R-9A, UR-100 were created. Under his leadership, launch complexes for the Proton launch vehicles and the Energia-Buran reusable space rocket system were developed and created.
Founder and first head of the Department of Launch Missile Systems at Moscow State Technical University named after N. E. Bauman.
Headed the design bureau for the development of launch complexes (Chief Designer).
Barmin led the creation of automatic soil sampling devices for the exploration of the Moon and Venus. With the help of one of them, a sample of lunar soil was taken from a depth of about 2.5 meters and its delivery to Earth was ensured. With the help of another, soil samples were taken at three points on the surface of Venus, scientific information about its chemical composition was received and transmitted via radio to Earth.
The Barmina Design Bureau developed the world's first detailed design of the Zvezda lunar base, which remained unimplemented, jokingly nicknamed "Barmingrad" by its employees.
Son - Igor Vladimirovich Barmin (b. 01/12/1943), General Director - General Designer of the FSUE General Engineering Design Bureau named after. V. P. Barmina”, since November 2011, President of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after K. E. Tsiolkovsky.
Awards and prizes
- Lenin Prize laureate ().
- Four-time laureate of the USSR State Prize (1943, 1967, 1977, 1985).
- He was awarded six Orders of Lenin (1943, 1956, 1959, 1961, 1969, 1979), Orders of the October Revolution (1971), Order of Kutuzov, 1st degree (09/16/1945), two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (1944, 1975) and medals.
Memory
see also
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Notes
Links
Literature
- - Y. K. Golovanov, M: “Science”, 1994, - ISBN 5-02-000822-2;
- - B. E. Chertok, M: “Mechanical Engineering”, 1999, - ISBN 5-217-02942-0;
- A.I. Ostashev, “SERGEY PAVLOVICH KOROLEV - GENIUS OF THE XX CENTURY” lifetime personal memories of academician S.P. QUEEN - 2010 M. GOU VPO MSUL ISBN 978-5-8135-0510-2.
- “The Shore of the Universe” - edited by Boltenko A.S., Kyiv, 2014, publishing house "Phoenix", ISBN 978-966-136-169-9
- “S.P. Korolev. Encyclopedia of Life and Creativity” - edited by V.A. Lopota, RSC Energia named after. S. P. Koroleva, 2014 ISBN 978-5-906674-04-3
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Excerpt characterizing Barmin, Vladimir Pavlovich
During this difficult journey, M lle Bourienne, Desalles and Princess Mary's servants were surprised by her fortitude and activity. She went to bed later than everyone else, got up earlier than everyone else, and no difficulties could stop her. Thanks to her activity and energy, which excited her companions, by the end of the second week they were approaching Yaroslavl.During her recent stay in Voronezh, Princess Marya experienced the best happiness of her life. Her love for Rostov no longer tormented or worried her. This love filled her entire soul, became an inseparable part of herself, and she no longer fought against it. Lately, Princess Marya became convinced—although she never clearly told herself this in words—she became convinced that she was loved and loved. She was convinced of this during her last meeting with Nikolai, when he came to announce to her that her brother was with the Rostovs. Nicholas did not hint in a single word that now (if Prince Andrei recovered) the previous relationship between him and Natasha could be resumed, but Princess Marya saw from his face that he knew and thought this. And, despite the fact that his attitude towards her - cautious, tender and loving - not only did not change, but he seemed to rejoice in the fact that now the kinship between him and Princess Marya allowed him to more freely express his friendship and love to her, as he sometimes thought Princess Marya. Princess Marya knew that she loved for the first and last time in her life, and felt that she was loved, and was happy and calm in this regard.
But this happiness on one side of her soul not only did not prevent her from feeling grief for her brother with all her might, but, on the contrary, this peace of mind in one respect gave her a greater opportunity to fully surrender to her feelings for her brother. This feeling was so strong in the first minute of leaving Voronezh that those accompanying her were sure, looking at her exhausted, desperate face, that she would certainly get sick on the way; but it was precisely the difficulties and worries of the journey, which Princess Marya took on with such activity, that saved her for a while from her grief and gave her strength.
As always happens during a trip, Princess Marya thought only about one journey, forgetting what was its goal. But, approaching Yaroslavl, when what could lie ahead of her was revealed again, and not many days later, but this evening, Princess Marya’s excitement reached its extreme limits.
When the guide sent ahead to find out in Yaroslavl where the Rostovs were standing and in what position Prince Andrei was, met a large carriage entering at the gate, he was horrified when he saw the terribly pale face of the princess, which leaned out of the window.
“I found out everything, your Excellency: the Rostov men are standing on the square, in the house of the merchant Bronnikov.” “Not far away, just above the Volga,” said the hayduk.
Princess Marya looked fearfully and questioningly at his face, not understanding what he was telling her, not understanding why he did not answer the main question: what about brother? M lle Bourienne asked this question for Princess Marya.
- What about the prince? – she asked.
“Their Lordships are standing with them in the same house.”
“So he is alive,” thought the princess and quietly asked: what is he?
“People said they were all in the same situation.”
What did “everything in the same position” mean, the princess did not ask and only briefly, glancing imperceptibly at the seven-year-old Nikolushka, who was sitting in front of her and rejoicing at the city, lowered her head and did not raise it until the heavy carriage, rattling, shaking and swaying, did not stop somewhere. The folding steps rattled.
The doors opened. On the left there was water - a large river, on the right there was a porch; on the porch there were people, servants and some kind of ruddy girl with a large black braid who was smiling unpleasantly, as it seemed to Princess Marya (it was Sonya). The princess ran up the stairs, the girl feigning a smile said: “Here, here!” - and the princess found herself in the hallway in front of an old woman with an oriental face, who quickly walked towards her with a touched expression. It was the Countess. She hugged Princess Marya and began to kiss her.
- Mon enfant! - she said, “je vous aime et vous connais depuis longtemps.” [My child! I love you and have known you for a long time.]
Despite all her excitement, Princess Marya realized that it was the countess and that she had to say something. She, without knowing how, uttered some polite French words, in the same tone as those spoken to her, and asked: what is he?
“The doctor says there is no danger,” said the countess, but while she was saying this, she raised her eyes upward with a sigh, and in this gesture there was an expression that contradicted her words.
- Where is he? Can I see him, can I? - asked the princess.
- Now, princess, now, my friend. Is this his son? - she said, turning to Nikolushka, who was entering with Desalles. “We can all fit in, the house is big.” Oh, what a lovely boy!
The Countess led the Princess into the living room. Sonya was talking to m lle Bourienne. The Countess caressed the boy. The old count entered the room, greeting the princess. The old count has changed enormously since the princess last saw him. Then he was a lively, cheerful, self-confident old man, now he seemed like a pitiful, lost man. While talking to the princess, he constantly looked around, as if asking everyone whether he was doing what was necessary. After the ruin of Moscow and his estate, knocked out of his usual rut, he apparently lost consciousness of his significance and felt that he no longer had a place in life.
Despite the excitement in which she was, despite the desire to see her brother as quickly as possible and the annoyance that at this moment, when she only wanted to see him, she was being occupied and feignedly praising her nephew, the princess noticed everything that was happening around her, and felt the need to temporarily submit to this new order into which she was entering. She knew that all this was necessary, and it was difficult for her, but she was not annoyed with them.
“This is my niece,” said the count, introducing Sonya. “You don’t know her, princess?”
The princess turned to her and, trying to extinguish the hostile feeling towards this girl that had risen in her soul, kissed her. But it became difficult for her because the mood of everyone around her was so far from what was in her soul.
- Where is he? – she asked again, addressing everyone.
“He’s downstairs, Natasha is with him,” Sonya answered, blushing. - Let's go find out. I think you are tired, princess?
Tears of annoyance came to the princess's eyes. She turned away and was about to ask the countess again where to go to him, when light, swift, seemingly cheerful steps were heard at the door. The princess looked around and saw Natasha almost running in, the same Natasha who she had not liked so much on that long-ago meeting in Moscow.
But before the princess had time to look at this Natasha’s face, she realized that this was her sincere companion in grief, and therefore her friend. She rushed to meet her and, hugging her, cried on her shoulder.
As soon as Natasha, who was sitting at Prince Andrey’s bedside, found out about Princess Marya’s arrival, she quietly left his room with those quick, as it seemed to Princess Marya, seemingly cheerful steps and ran towards her.
On her excited face, when she ran into the room, there was only one expression - an expression of love, boundless love for him, for her, for everything that was close to her loved one, an expression of pity, suffering for others and a passionate desire to give herself all for in order to help them. It was clear that at that moment there was not a single thought about herself, about her relationship to him, in Natasha’s soul.
The sensitive Princess Marya understood all this from the first glance at Natasha’s face and cried with sorrowful pleasure on her shoulder.
“Come on, let’s go to him, Marie,” Natasha said, taking her to another room.
Princess Marya raised her face, wiped her eyes and turned to Natasha. She felt that she would understand and learn everything from her.
“What...” she began to ask, but suddenly stopped. She felt that words could neither ask nor answer. Natasha's face and eyes should have spoken more and more clearly.
Natasha looked at her, but seemed to be in fear and doubt - to say or not to say everything that she knew; She seemed to feel that before those radiant eyes, penetrating into the very depths of her heart, it was impossible not to tell the whole, the whole truth as she saw it. Natasha's lip suddenly trembled, ugly wrinkles formed around her mouth, and she sobbed and covered her face with her hands.
Princess Marya understood everything.
But she still hoped and asked in words she didn’t believe in:
- But how is his wound? In general, what is his position?
“You, you... will see,” Natasha could only say.
They sat downstairs near his room for some time in order to stop crying and come to him with calm faces.
– How did the whole illness go? How long ago has he gotten worse? When did it happen? - asked Princess Marya.
Natasha said that at first there was a danger from a fever and from suffering, but at Trinity this passed, and the doctor was afraid of one thing - Antonov’s fire. But this danger also passed. When we arrived in Yaroslavl, the wound began to fester (Natasha knew everything about suppuration, etc.), and the doctor said that suppuration could proceed properly. There was a fever. The doctor said that this fever is not so dangerous.