The duel between Peresvet and Chelubey, according to other versions - Temir-Mirza or Tavrul.

A. Peresvet defeated not just the warrior Chelubey, but the great and terrible Warrior, the invincible Chelubey, who in his entire life had not lost a single battle, and is still revered in Tibet.

The story of the bishop of the North Sea diocese, Bishop Mitrofan (Badanin) - a former naval officer, since 2000 - a priest, rector of the Assumption parish in the village of Varzuga, on the shores of the White Sea.

“When we stood in front of this painting (paul Ryzhenko’s painting “Victory of Peresvet”), one of the abbots (he was also already ordained bishop) told us the following story. I will retell it as I heard it.

There is a monk in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra who, in his youth, like many then, was fascinated by Eastern spiritual traditions and martial arts. And when perestroika began, he decided with friends to go to Tibet in order to enter some Buddhist monastery. Since 1984, when the monasteries of Tibet were opened for access, albeit with limited quotas, many foreigners began to come there. And it must be said frankly that the attitude towards foreigners in the monasteries was extremely bad. Still, this is their national spirituality. Our future monk and his friends were disappointed: they were so eager for this sublime teaching, for this brotherhood, spiritual exploits, mantras and prayers...

This attitude continued until the Tibetans learned that they were facing Russians. They began to talk among themselves, and the word “Peresvet” was heard in the conversation.

They began to find out, and it turned out that the name of this Russian monk was written in a special holy book, where their most important spiritual events were recorded. The victory of Peresvet is listed there as an event that fell out of the usual course of things.

It turns out that Chelubey was not just an experienced warrior and hero, but he was a Tibetan monk who was educated according to the “mag-tsal” system and achieved the status of “immortal.” It was believed that such a warrior monk was practically invincible. The number of such Tibetan warriors chosen by the spirits (they were called “dabdob”) was always extremely small; they were considered a special phenomenon in the spiritual practice of Tibet. That is why he was put up for single combat with Peresvet - in order to spiritually break the Russians even before the start of the battle.

Several years ago, the Chinese came to the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra and asked if there were chronicles about the duel between Peresvet and Chelubey. When asked why they needed this, they answered that in the East Chelubey is considered a great warrior who won three hundred battles. And fights in those days did not end with a victory on points. If it's a fight, it means to the death. Therefore, the Chinese were amazed how Peresvet could defeat the invincible great warrior.”

Official version

The spear of the master of equestrian duels Chelubey was a meter longer than usual. Entering into battle with him on spears, the enemy could not even strike, as he was already defeated and fell out of the saddle. Alexander Peresvet went against the logic of the fight - having taken off his armor, he remained only in the Great Schema, he did this so that the enemy’s spear, passing through the soft tissues of the body at high speed, would not have time to knock him out of the saddle and then he could strike yourself.

Peresvet was from a boyar family, strong in strength, and in the past a skilled warrior. Having said a prayer and said goodbye to his comrades, he rode out to meet Chelubey on a black horse. He wore a schema with red crosses, which he received from Abbot Sergius along with a blessing for the battle. All his equipment was sent to the monastery treasury. The tip of his spear was forged by a local blacksmith. The spear shaft is made from nearby forests. Until this moment, the legendary spear of Peresvet was unknown to anyone. The riders parted and, having dispersed their horses, began to draw closer.

The heroes collided with such terrible force that their spears broke.

The strong and experienced warrior Chelubey accurately struck Peresvet, who did not have a shield, under the left bosom. The blow of Peresvet's spear hit Chelubey's shield. But there was so much strength and determination in this blow that Peresvet’s spear pierced the shield right through and Chelubey himself, having received a mortal wound, fell headlong to the Horde troops. Which was a bad omen for them.

The rivals, according to the Legend, “hit hard with their spears, almost the earth broke under them, and both fell from their horses to the ground and died.” According to another version, Peresvet, having received a mortal wound, continued to remain in the saddle, was able to reach the formation himself and only died there.

Alexander Peresvet died, but many Russian soldiers escaped death at the hands of Temir-Murza, who was killed in a duel. As soon as Chelubey fell from the saddle, the Horde cavalry moved into battle and quickly crushed the Advanced Regiment.
Further onslaught of the Tatars in the center was delayed by the deployment of the Russian reserve. Mamai transferred the main blow to the left flank and began to press back the Russian regiments there. The situation was saved by the Ambush Regiment of Serpukhov Prince Vladimir Andreevich, who emerged from the oak grove, struck the rear and flank of the Horde cavalry and decided the outcome of the battle.

The enemy army wavered and fled. Russian soldiers captured the Khan's headquarters and for almost 50 kilometers (to the Beautiful Sword River) pursued and destroyed the remnants of Mamai's troops. The Horde Headquarters was also captured there. Jagiello, having learned of his defeat, also hastily turned back. It is believed that Mamaev’s army was defeated in four hours (the battle lasted from eleven to two o’clock in the afternoon).
Losses on both sides were enormous (about 200 thousand people killed and wounded). The dead (both Russians and Horde) were buried for 8 days. 12 Russian princes and 483 boyars (60% of the command staff of the Russian army) fell in the battle. Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, who participated in the battle on the front line as part of the Big Regiment, was wounded during the battle, but survived and later received the nickname “Donskoy”.

Peresvet's brother Andrei Oslyabya fought heroically on the Kulikovo Field, was wounded, but survived.

The description of the duel in the Legend prompted some historians to doubt the very existence of this episode. However, it is known that those who fell in the Battle of Kulikovo were buried on the battlefield, but Peresvet’s body was brought to Moscow and buried in the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in the Simonov Monastery. His brother Andrei Oslyablya, who ended his life in the monastery, was later buried next to him. When the temple was rebuilt, their graves were preserved for many centuries.

According to legend, before the battle, Peresvet prayed in the hermit’s cell at the chapel of the holy warrior, great martyr of the 4th century, Demetrius of Thessaloniki, where the Dimitrievsky Ryazhsky monastery was subsequently founded, which is 7 km from the city of Skopin. After praying, Peresvet left, leaving behind his apple staff. After the revolution, this staff was kept in the local history museum of Ryazan.

"Secrets of Russia"

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Yes, there was Peresvet! Guided by the genius of Sergei Radonezh. And there was Olyabya. Two completely similar warriors wearing the same armor. And Chelubey was a professional fighter, from Crimea. Descendant of the Russian knight Svyatogor, founder of the city of Surozh. Chelubey’s spear was long, 1 meter longer than normal, this was the fighter’s cunning. The strength in him was unprecedented. Therefore, Peresvet did not wear armor. The spear passed through the body, he himself passed it to the right place, and therefore he reached Chelubey with his spear right in the heart. Cheludey died on the spot. And Peresvet, pierced by a spear, drove towards the ranks of the Russian troops. The troops parted and he went inside. And a minute later he jumped out of the ranks again and galloped along, exclaiming about victory. But this was not Peresvet. His copy of Olyabya. He also died at the end of the battle. They were buried together and brought to the Capital with special honors. Because they performed a special mission. Everything was directed by Sergei Radonezhsky, he thought through everything in small details.

They were afraid of the Mongols. It was a wild and bloodthirsty horde that destroyed everything in its path. They won with numbers and cruelty. Therefore, it was very important to raise the morale of Russian soldiers before the battle. Which is what the “Great Saint” did

Everything would be fine if not for one big BUT!
Everything written in the article is fiction from beginning to end.
The brothers Alexander Peresvet and Rodion (Andrey?) Oslyabya were not monks, much less schema-monks. And Sergius of Radonezh did not bless them for their feat of arms. He didn't know them. If you want to make sure, read the life of Sergius of Radonezh. Even such trifles as Sergius digging a vegetable garden are described there, but not a word about Peresvet and Oslyabya. According to the canons, there have never been and could not be fighting monks in the Orthodox Church. Oslyabya, at the end of his life, however, took monastic vows, but this had nothing to do with either Sergius of Radonezh or the Battle of Kulikovo. The very burial of Peresvet and Oslyabi in the “foreign” Staro-Simonovsky Monastery on the territory of Moscow, and not in the “native” Trinity-Sergius Monastery, is nonsense, indicating that the deceased had no relation to the latter.
And Peresvet and Oslyabya were Bryansk boyars.
In addition, there is such a historical fact: Metropolitan Cyprian excommunicated the Moscow Prince Dmitry from the church, anathematized him, and his assistant, Sergius of Radonezh, helped him in every possible way in this procedure, sending letters to all ends. Because of this, Dmitry could not even lead the battle, and b

but fought like a simple warrior in the front ranks. Like a suicide bomber. And the battle, on Dmitry’s horse, in his armor and under his banner, was led by his friend, Mikhail Brenk. Waking up after the battle, the wounded Dmitry realized that he was right, God was on his side and he was anathematized falsely and illegally. During the Battle of Kulikovo, Cyprian was in Constantinople with a complaint against Dmitry: what kind of blessing of Dmitry and help was there? The Church at that time supported the Horde khans and received labels and gratitude from them for “strengthening the army.” Ordynsky, of course. After the defeat of the Horde, the church urgently began to cling to the victories of the Russians and rewrite history.

A total LIE and fiction, but here is the truth about the Christian “God”, which every Christian can check personally, but no one has yet been able to answer the questions in the article. See Chronology of Christian crimes and lies about sacrifices among the Slavs - https://kolovrat2017.livejournal.com/1103.html

Is this article intended for idiots? There is not a single piece of evidence from Peresvet’s contemporaries who would call Peresvet a monk. On the contrary, the earliest evidence mentioning the battle of Peresvet directly calls him not a monk, but a pagan warrior in armor. And so the priests of the Jewish religion from Israel - Christianity and iztoryki, as evidence of their myth about a monk with the pagan name Peresvet, cite the following chronicles: Nikon's Chronicle, which was compiled 150 years after the battle, and therefore is not a witness to the battle of Peresvet. 2. “Zadonshchinu” of which there are 4 lists. And in the earliest 2 lists, written less than 100 years after the Battle of Kulikovo, Peresvet is mentioned not as a monk, in the schema, but on the contrary, as a pagan warrior, in armor, talking about suicide, like a pagan, which is fundamentally contrary to Christianity and monasticism . But Jewish historians, brazenly and deceitfully, fooling simpletons with verbiage that supposedly “since ancient times it has been customary to give a reconstruction of the text of “Zadonshchina” based on a comparative analysis of all the lists of the monument, for some reason they did not use the earlier two lists as the basis for the existing scientific publications of “Zadonshchina” , which were closer to the battle of Peresvet, namely the latest

list (Undolsky) written 300 years later? That is, the lies of the official figures and priests simply have no boundaries. 3. The chronicle is “the legend of the Massacre of Mamaev,” but this chronicle was written more than 100 years after the Battle of Peresvet, and therefore is not a witness to this event.
4. In the Lives of Sergius of Radonezh, there is no mention of such an event as the sending of the supposed schema-monk Peresvet and his brother Oslyabli to battle, this is more than serious evidence, but the priests are trying to explain this blatant fact as an insignificant event that supposedly did not fit in the life of Sergius and think that everyone is an idiot and should believe this lie.
5. Priests and historians, refer to the authority of official publications N.M. Karamzina, S.M. Solovyova, S.F. Platonova and others, In this regard, I would like to remind you that it was these characters who taught us that Yuri Dolgoruky is the founder of Moscow. However, Catherine II, in “Notes on the History of the Russian State,” provides evidence that Moscow was founded by the Prophetic Oleg back in the 9th century. And no researcher in the world had more sources, chronicles and archives than Catherine II. But Jewish stories Tatishchev-Karamzin-Klyuchevsky-Solovyov in order to make the founder

In order to make their Jew the founder of the capital, they agreed to cut off 260 years from Moscow.
In this regard, I advise you to look
“MYTHS ABOUT SMART JEWS. And why is Russia an evil empire?!” -https://kolovrat2017.livejournal.com/906.html

Communication with the famous painting by Mikhail Avilov “The Battle of the Kulikovo Field” provides an amazing opportunity to make a fascinating journey to Ancient Rus' and feel involved in tragic and great events.

Brief description of Avilov's painting "Duel on the Kulikovo Field"

On the bank of the river there is a wide field, part of which is still covered with grass, part of which is burned out or trampled down. Along the blue ribbon of the river on the bank, the Russian army lined up in full combat gear, ready for battle. On the other side of the picture, as an antithesis - just as numerous and ready to rush into battle at any moment - is the Horde army. In the center in the foreground, two horsemen competed in a duel: a Russian knight on a black horse and a Tatar-Mongol warrior on a bay horse. They are depicted at the moment when they knock each other off their heated horses with spears. Above the fighting warriors frozen in combat readiness, the sky swirls with clouds: on the Horde side it is bright blue, on the Russian side, as a threat to enemies, it is yellow-gray, restless.

Rus' and the Horde after Genghis Khan and Batu

In the mid-14th century, after the death of Khan Batu, about 25 rulers changed on the Horde throne, and the Horde was torn apart by strife, as a result of which the state split into two parts: western and eastern. The eastern part of the Golden Horde was led by the descendant of Genghis Khan, Khan Tokhtamysh. And in the western part, power was seized by the treacherous military leader Mamai, who seized the throne by cunning and deceit. Having pacified the strife by force for a while, he decided to regain his former power over Russia. The Arab Shah, sent by him to the Nizhny Novgorod principality, inflicted a severe defeat on the united Russian army, which was led by the Moscow prince Dmitry Bobrok of Volyn. This was followed by a battle between Russian and Horde troops on the Vozha River. The Russian army in this battle was commanded by the Moscow prince Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy. And the Horde army is Mamai himself. This time, luck was with the Russians, and the defeated Mamai harbored the thought of revenge in his soul. The possibility and outcome of such a revenge is in the description of the painting “Duel on the Kulikovo Field” presented in the article.

The Great Controversy

A brief description of the painting “Duel on the Kulikovo Field” presents a composition that repeats the formation of troops before the Battle of Kulikovo. On the eve of September 8, 1380, at the confluence of the Nepryadva River and the Don, two huge armies led by Dmitry Ivanovich and Mamai gathered in confrontation.The basis of the Russian army were Muscovites. Under the leadership of the Moscow prince, warriors from almost all Russian principalities united.The peoples of the Volga region and the Caucasus, subordinate to the Horde, as well as the Lithuanian and Ryazan principalities, gathered under the Horde command.

It was this moment that the author depicted on his canvas. On the Kulikovo field, Horde and Russian troops lined up in combat readiness on the left and right. Russian squads are stationed in accordance with historical information near the bank of the Don, across which they have just crossed. The soldiers standing in the front rows hold banners with the face of Jesus Christ in their hands as a sign of blessing and God's support.

In order to avoid the inevitable rivers of blood, according to legend, it was decided to determine the outcome of the battle by a duel between two mighty heroes. From the Horde they became Chelubey, and from the Russians - the warrior-monk Peresvet, sent with the army of Dmitry Ivanovich by the founder of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, Sergius of Radonezh. It is Peresvet and Chelubey who are the main characters of the canvas. Let's return to the description of the painting "Duel on the Kulikovo Field". They occupy the center of the canvas and, according to the iconic hierarchy, seem much larger than other warriors, which does not correspond to the possible distance between the fighters and their army.

The truth about Peresvet and the image of the Russian hero

Peresvet is a figure that is both real and legendary. Many people consider Peresvet to be a hero of folk epics, a fictional character, a collective image of an ancient Russian hero. In fact, the warrior glorified in folk art was a very real person. Little is known about his fate. He came from a noble boyar family of the Bryansk principality. Alexander Peresvet’s adolescence and youth were spent in labors and prayers, as well as in military training, so that he could stand up for the defense of the Fatherland at any moment. Further, his fate was connected with the defense of his native land - he devoted a lot of energy to military labor, serving in the princely army.

Later, together with his probably cousin Andrei, nicknamed Oslyabya, also from a Bryansk boyar family, he became a monk. According to legend, he was tonsured at the Rostov Boris and Gleb Monastery. Then they moved to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery near Moscow, but how exactly they got there is unknown.

By 1380, these were already middle-aged monks, known to many as brave and invincible knights, mighty Russian heroes. Before leaving for battle, blessed by Sergius of Radonezh, Peresvet performed a prayer in the chapel of St. Dmitry of Thessalonica - patron of the Russian army.

According to surviving descriptions from the Nikon Chronicle, during the duel Alexander Peresvet was dressed in a monastic robe given to him by Sergius of Radonezh. The robe was covered on all sides with images of the cross. The hero was wearing a helmet on his head, and on top of it was a kukol (a headdress of monks covering the head, neck and even shoulders). The only weapon Peresvet had was a spear. Whether he had a horse is not mentioned anywhere.

According to various sources, the outcome of the fight was the serious injury or death of the monk. However, along with all the fallen, he was not buried on the field - he was transported and buried in the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in the Simonovsky Monastery.

As for the artistic image of Peresvet created by Avilov, ideologically the hero is an example of courage and courage, an ideal guide for instilling in those contemplating the canvas pride in their Motherland and its defenders, patriotism and interest in history. But for those who are not only interested, but also compare the facts, it will become obvious that Peresvet Avilova is still quite young. His clothes are more like those of a warrior: a cone helmet, chain mail, and a shield. There is no talk of any monastic vestments with crosses or a doll. So, despite all the plausibility of the image of Alexander Peresvet, the historical truth in the film is clearly violated.

The riddle of Chelubey and the artistic image of a warrior

As for the image of Chelubey, or, as history also knows him, Timir-Murza or Tavrul, Mamai’s favorite warrior, the chronicles have preserved mention of him as a formidable and invincible warrior. In addition, he was considered immortal. Chelubey fought three hundred fights and emerged victorious in all of them. Such luck seems mythological. However, the mystery of the vitality and invincibility of the Horde warrior could now be explained.

Chelubey was a Tibetan monk who mastered the practice of Bon-po combat magic. The art of this fight lies in the mastery of magic spells to summon demon spirits and the ability to use them during battle, calling them to one’s aid. At the same time, the initiated “immortal” actually sells his soul to dark forces, and no one can defeat him. However, such a person voluntarily condemns his soul after death to remain in the kingdom of demons. Only a warrior endowed with power from God can defeat a “possessed” one. That is exactly what the Russian knight-monk Peresvet was.

The image of Chelubey in Avilov’s film is very believable, but is clearly inferior in power to the Russian hero. If you carefully examine the equipment of a Horde warrior and compare it with known facts, it turns out that the Horde usually dressed in a quilted, lined caftan. Underneath he wore a armor reaching to the knees with iron shoulder pads and gloves. And under the armor - a leather jacket with iron hoops fastened from elbow to wrist on narrow sleeves. They put soft leather boots on their feet, upholstered with metal plates, one of which, apparently the heel plate, had a sharp spike. On the head is a round helmet with a nosepiece and a chain mail mesh that covers the shoulders and neck. The crown of the helmet was decorated with two tufts of hair. Weapons usually used were curved sabers, bows, spears, and daggers.

In Avilov’s painting, Chelubey ignores tradition: he is dressed in an ordinary robe made of thin fabric, too richly decorated for a monk. What is worn under the robe is not visible. On his feet are pants and boots that reach mid-calf, with a metal “patch” visible on the back. Neither the plating of iron plates nor the tenon on the “patch” are visible. Chelubey’s head is covered with an expensive hat with a fur trim, not at all similar to a helmet. She doesn't even have two tufts of hair on top of her head. In addition, the character has a shield for protection. While maintaining obvious plausibility, this image in the canvas is historically unreliable. Even if we take Chelubey’s “immortality” into account, it is unlikely that a warrior, understanding the importance and complexity of the moment, will take such risks.

The duel between Good and Evil

The painting “The Duel of Peresvet with Chelubey” was painted by Avilov during the difficult years for the country - the Great Patriotic War.

The author's idea, which had been incubating for about 25 years, was realized in just six months. Whether the author wanted to allegorically reflect the events of his time through legendary images or not is unknown, but it happened that way. If we consider the picture from the point of view of the eternal struggle in the world of Good and Evil in the image of Peresvet and Chelubey, then why not imagine the Soviet Union and its army as Good, who fought to the death in a battle with Nazi Germany, Hitler’s army - the personification of Evil.

So Avilov’s painting “The Duel on the Kulikovo Field” will always be relevant and can be considered from the point of view of embodying the idea of ​​​​unity of the Russian people against enemies, and the image of Peresvet - as a guideline for imitation in love for the Motherland, readiness to give one’s life for one’s native land.

Battle of Kulikovo briefly

The Russian man takes a long time to harness, but rides quickly

Russian folk proverb

The Battle of Kulikovo took place on September 8, 1380, but it was preceded by a number of important events. Beginning in 1374, relations between Russia and the Horde began to become noticeably more complicated. If earlier the issues of paying tribute and the supremacy of the Tatars over all the lands of Rus' did not cause discussion, now a situation began to develop when the princes began to feel their own strength, in which they saw an opportunity to repel the formidable enemy who had been ravaging their lands for many years. It was in 1374 that Dmitry Donskoy actually broke off relations with the Horde, not recognizing Mamai’s power over himself. Such freethinking could not be ignored. The Mongols did not leave.

Background to the Battle of Kulikovo, briefly

Along with the events described above, the death of the Lithuanian king Olgerd occurred. His place was taken by Jagiello, who first decided to establish relations with the powerful Horde. As a result, the Mongol-Tatars received a powerful ally, and Russia found itself sandwiched between enemies: from the east by the Tatars, from the west by the Lithuanians. This in no way shook the Russians' resolve to repel the enemy. Moreover, an army was assembled, headed by Dmitry Bobrok-Valyntsev. He made a campaign against the lands on the Volga and captured several cities. Which belonged to the Horde.

The next major events that created the preconditions for the Battle of Kulikovo took place in 1378. It was then that a rumor spread throughout Rus' that the Horde had sent a large army to punish the rebellious Russians. Previous lessons showed that the Mongol-Tatars burn out everything in their path, which means they cannot be allowed into fertile lands. Grand Duke Dmitry gathered a squad and set off to meet the enemy. Their meeting took place near the Vozha River. The Russian maneuver had a surprise factor. Never before had the prince's squad descended so deep into the south of the country to fight the enemy. But the fight was inevitable. The Tatars were unprepared for him. The Russian army won the victory quite easily. This instilled even more confidence that the Mongols were ordinary people and could be fought against.

Preparing for the battle - the Battle of Kulikovo in brief

The events at the Vozha River were the last straw. Mamai wanted revenge. Batu’s laurels haunted him and the new khan dreamed of repeating his feat and walking through all of Rus' with fire. Recent events have shown that the Russians are not as weak as before, which means the Mughals need an ally. They found him quickly enough. Mamai’s allies were:

• King of Lithuania - Jogaila.
• Prince of Ryazan - Oleg.

Historical documents indicate that the Prince of Ryazan took a contradictory position, trying to guess the winner. To do this, he entered into an alliance with the Horde, but at the same time regularly reported information about the movements of the Mongol army to other principalities. Mamai himself gathered a strong army, which included regiments from all lands that were controlled by the Horde, including the Crimean Tatars.

Training of Russian troops

Impending events required decisive action from the Grand Duke. It was at this moment that it was necessary to gather a strong army that could repel the enemy and show the whole world that Rus' had not been completely conquered. About 30 cities expressed their readiness to provide their squads to the united army. Many thousands of soldiers entered the detachment, the command of which was taken by Dmitry himself, as well as other princes:

• Dmitry Bobrok-Volynits
• Vladimir Serpukhovsky
• Andrey Olgerdovich
• Dmitry Olgerdovich

At the same time, the whole country rose up to fight. Literally everyone who could hold a sword in their hands enrolled in the squad. Hatred of the enemy became the factor that united the divided Russian lands. Let it be only for a while. The combined army advanced to the Don, where it was decided to repel Mamai.

Battle of Kulikovo - briefly about the course of the battle

On September 7, 1380, the Russian army approached the Don. The position was quite dangerous, since holding the ruck had both advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is that it was easier to fight against the Mongol-Tatars, since they would have to cross the river. The disadvantage is that Jagiello and Oleg Ryazansky could arrive at the battlefield at any moment. In this case, the rear of the Russian army would be completely open. The only correct decision was made: the Russian army crossed the Don and burned all the bridges after itself. This managed to secure the rear.

Prince Dmitry resorted to cunning. The main forces of the Russian army lined up in a classical manner. In front stood a “large regiment”, which was supposed to hold back the main onslaught of the enemy; a regiment of the right and left hands was located at the edges. At the same time, it was decided to use the Ambush Regiment, which was hidden in the thicket of the forest. This regiment was led by the best princes Dmitry Bobrok and Vladimir Serpukhovsky.

The Battle of Kulikovo began in the early morning of September 8, 1380, as soon as the fog cleared over the Kulikovo field. According to chronicle sources, the battle began with the battle of heroes. The Russian monk Peresvet fought with the Horde member Chelubey. The blow of the warriors' spears was so strong that both of them died on the spot. After this the battle began.

Dmitry, despite his status, put on the armor of a simple warrior and stood at the head of the Big Regiment. With his courage, the prince inspired the soldiers to the feat that they had to accomplish. The initial onslaught of the Horde was terrible. They threw all the force of their blow onto the left-hand regiment, where the Russian troops began to noticeably lose ground. At the moment when Mamai’s army broke through the defenses in this place, and also when it began to maneuver in order to go to the rear of the main forces of the Russians, the Ambush Regiment entered the battle, which with terrible force and unexpectedly struck the attacking Horde in the rear. The panic began. The Tatars were sure that God himself was against them. Convinced that they had killed everyone behind them, they said that it was the dead Russians rising to fight. In this state, they lost the battle quite quickly and Mamai and his horde were forced to hastily retreat. Thus ended the Battle of Kulikovo.

Many people on both sides were killed in the battle. Dmitry himself could not be found for a very long time. Towards evening, when the pipes of the dead were being removed from the field, the body of the prince was discovered. He was alive!

Historical significance of the Battle of Kulikovo

The historical significance of the Battle of Kulikovo cannot be overestimated. For the first time, the myth of the invincibility of the Horde army was broken. If previously various armies managed to achieve success in minor battles, then no one has ever been able to defeat the main forces of the Horde.

The important point for the Russian people was that the Battle of Kulikovo, which we briefly described, allowed them to feel faith in themselves. For more than a hundred years, the Mongols forced them to consider themselves second-class citizens. Now this was over, and for the first time conversations began that Mamai’s power and his yoke could be thrown off. These events found expression in literally everything. And it is precisely with this that the cultural transformations that affected all aspects of the life of Rus' are largely connected.

The significance of the Battle of Kulikovo also lies in the fact that this victory was perceived by everyone as a sign that Moscow should become the center of the new country. After all, only after Dmitry Donskoy began to collect lands around Moscow, there was a major victory over the Mongols.

For the horde itself, the significance of the defeat on the Kulikovo field was also extremely important. Mamaia lost most of his army, and was soon completely defeated by Khan Takhtomysh. This allowed the Horde to once again unite forces and feel its own strength and significance in those spaces that had previously not even thought of resisting it.

One of the greatest creations of the outstanding Russian and Soviet painter Mikhail Ivanovich Avilov is the painting “Duel on the Kulikovo Field”. This painting brought real fame and success to the artist. Thanks to her, Mikhail Avilov became a laureate of the 1st degree of the Stalin Prize.

The artist depicted the legendary battle of two heroes - Peresvet and Chelubey. Both warriors are depicted in the center of the picture, riding on horses. Anticipating a strong collision, the horses reared up. It is worth noting that the Russian warrior is depicted on the left, and the Tatar hero on the right. As we can see, Peresvet is dressed in a Russian shirt, on top of which there is chain mail with metal plates, and a white helmet gleams on the hero’s head. And the warrior has leather boots on his feet, which speak of his noble family.

The whole atmosphere of military action is beautifully conveyed with the help of colors and shades. So, behind Peresvet, Russian soldiers are depicted. Thanks to the artist’s skill, you can feel the mood of the Russian army. Using more gray, pale tones, the author of the picture allows you to feel the spirit of the Russian army. Confident, persistent Russian heroes are located on the left side of the picture. The warriors are anxiously awaiting the outcome of this important fight. But at the same time they are firm and strong. At the head of the army, Mikhail Avilov painted Dmitry Donskoy himself, seated on a white horse.

At the same time, Chelubey is depicted opposite Peresvet. In general, the entire right side of the picture is more saturated with bright colors. So, we can understand that the red malachai is about to fly off Chelubey’s shaved head. The Tatar warrior is also depicted large; his body, struck by a spear, will soon fall to the ground. And the army, which is located on the right side of the picture, in the background, is watching the process with anticipation and impatience. The artist masterfully conveys the feelings of the enemy with bright colors. Uncertainty, impatience - these are the feelings experienced by the enemy army. Fear and anxiety had already pierced them, because they had already predicted the outcome of the fight.

Of course, it should be noted that the figures of the heroes themselves are the central part of the picture. The artist depicts the warriors very large, as if he increases their height, thereby adding unprecedented strength to them.

It is enough to look into the face of the Russian warrior - Peresvet. His face seems to radiate incredible strength and power, which personify the spirit of the entire Russian army. At the same time, we do not see the face of the Tatar hero. The artist very poignantly conveyed the most intense moment of the fight - a clash that anticipated the entire course of the Battle of Kulikovo. As we know, in reality, both warriors died heroically in this battle. But victory remained with the Russian warrior, since his horse galloped with a dead body on the saddle to his army, and the body of the Tatar hero at the moment of the collision fell lifeless to the ground.

The painting by Mikhail Ivanovich Avilov is truly a treasure of Russian culture. She stunningly embodied one of the most important events in the history of Ancient Rus'.

Description of the painting: Duel of Peresvet with Chelubey

The tradition of fielding one warrior from two troops to decide the outcome of a battle has existed for quite some time. Of course, in practice, only such a duel was not always enough, because those who came to the battlefield often come there to stay there and many understand this fact. As you know, the massacre on the Kulikovo field claimed many human lives, both Russian and Tatar; after the battle, the field was abundantly fertilized with strong, young and old bodies.

Avilov offers us a picture before the battle, almost before the battle itself. The two armies have converged and are standing not far from each other in close ranks. The main heroes met in the free space.

According to legend, Dmitry Donskoy came to Sergius of Radonezh to receive blessings and spiritual guidance. One of the Radonezh monks was Peresvet, who belonged to a boyar family and had knowledge of military art. Therefore, Sergius of Radonezh not only blessed the prince, but also sent his monk with him, who could help his own land not only with prayer, but also with the sword.

Thus, the figure of Peresvet represents a monk-warrior who opposed the foreign warrior Chelubey, who, by the way, was a professional fighter. Further information from the legend differs slightly, however, it almost always indicates the death of each warrior. They stabbed each other with their own spears and died.

However, these details are not as significant as the artistic value of the painting in question and the thoughts that the artist wanted to convey. In front of us are two warriors on large, zealous horses, rearing. The horses bent and neighed fiercely, and the warriors broke their spears against each other.

It must be said that Avilov does not paint pierced warriors; if you look closely, Peresvet’s spear rested on Chelubey’s shield, and Chelubey plunged his spear somewhere towards Peresvet’s shield. It is worth thinking about why the artist depicts the fight in this way, and does not follow the legend. Indeed, according to the logic of his picture, after a moment both warriors will fly off the saddle and find themselves on the ground with broken spears.

The main focus is on the central figures, but in the background there are two troops who are captivated by the spectacle. They watch the heroes fight, some encourage their warrior with shouts, others simply lean forward slightly with interest. The heroes here portray, as it were, the quintessence of the forces of their people, their own civilization, behind them stand the rest of the warriors, who after some minutes will become fertilizer for the earth.

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Our life consists of contrasts, there is both good and bad in it. But often what is good at first glance turns out to be bad. We are talking about bad habits.

Alexander Peresvet is one of the most famous Russian heroes. Canonized by the Orthodox Church. His personality is covered in legends and myths.

Streets and cities still bear the name of the Russian warrior monk, and his fame has not faded even after almost 700 years.

Biography of Peresvet

Alexander's date of birth is not known for certain. A number of sources indicate a boyar origin. That is, belonging to the upper class. Boyars held leadership positions and owned lands. Every boyar studied military craft from childhood. Place of birth - Bryansk. Presumably, Alexander Peresvet participated in campaigns and wars. At some point he became a monk. The ceremony was held in Rostov. Since there are practically no authoritative sources that could reliably report on certain events, historians are still debating the biography of Peresvet. The problem also lies in the fact that ancient writers often resorted to allegories and exaltations. That is, famous personalities were credited with feats and qualities that they did not actually possess. And it is quite difficult for modern scientists to distinguish fiction from reality.

One way or another, we can safely say that by 1380 Alexander Peresvet was a monastic schema-monk. It was in this rank that he approached the Kulikovo battle, which brought him eternal glory.

Prerequisites

In the 14th century, Rus' was exhausted under the Mongol-Tatar yoke of the Golden Horde. At the same time, the influence of the Muscovite kingdom increased. Several Russian princes were able to win several victories over the Tatars, which gave strength to the resistance to the occupation. In 1376, Russian troops began to liberate their land, pushing the Horde to the south. During the retreat, the Mamai khans ravaged several principalities, but never entered into open battle.
In mid-August, the Russian army arrives in Kolomna. Warriors are gathering in different ways from all over Rus' to repel the Tatars once and for all. Horde leader Mamai believes that Dmitry will be afraid to cross the Oka River and hopes for quick help from the Lithuanians. But by the beginning of September, the Russians crossed the river and moved through the Ryazan lands to Mamaia. Among the soldiers was Alexander Peresvet.

Such a maneuver by Dmitry was regarded as a rash step. Panic rumors spread throughout Rus' about the imminent defeat of the coalition of princes.

Battle of Kulikovo

On September 8, the famous duel between Peresvet and Chelubey took place. The day before, Russian troops crossed the Don River. Grand Duke Dmitry gathered from 40 to 60 thousand people under his banners. The Moscow regiment was the core. The arriving Lithuanians and Ryazans stood on the flanks. On the night of September 7, a review of the troops took place. Dmitry understood the enormous responsibility that was entrusted to him. Because in case of defeat, all lands to Moscow would be open to the Tatars. Therefore, the review was carried out very carefully.

Alexander Peresvet was most likely in the central regiment with the court of the Moscow prince. In the dead of night, scouts from both sides inspect enemy positions. Only in the morning do the first skirmishes occur. The Tatars led about 100 thousand people to the Kulikovo Field. Since medieval sources tend to significantly increase the number of troops, it is quite difficult to determine the true number. Some sources indicate up to 40 thousand Russian soldiers and up to 60 thousand Tatars.
On the morning of September 8, the Russians formed battle formations. The legendary heroes of the ensuing battle gave speeches. A thick fog spread across the field, and the Russians waited in stupor for several hours for the battle to begin. A few hours later, the Tatars emerged from the forest in a dense wall.

Fights

In the Middle Ages, pitched battles were often preceded by a duel between the best fighters from each army. This unwritten rule was strictly observed. The fight continued until the death and no one had the right to interfere. The origins of this custom go back to BC. Ancient legends indicate that instead of a battle between two armies, a battle between two people could have taken place. The losing side retreated. Of course, in reality, most likely the battle began regardless of the duel. But it had a very important psychological significance for the fighters. For many it was a kind of superstition.

The famous Chelubey came out from the Tatar side. According to ancient legends, he was famous for his enormous physical strength and military cunning. He was the best in fights. It was for these purposes that the Tatars hired him. Before the Battle of Kulikovo, he did not know defeat. In mounted battles, he used a spear that was a meter longer than usual, which allowed him to kill the enemy even before the collision. He departed from the Tatar army on a white horse, dressed in gray clothes.
Alexander Peresvet was in crimson robes and stood under the “black” (red) Russian Orthodox banner. The troops froze in anticipation of a fight.

Peresvet and Chelubey accelerated and rushed towards each other with straightened spears. They collided at full speed. The spears simultaneously pierced the combatants. Peresvet and Chelubey died at the same time. But Alexander managed to stay on his horse longer, which meant his victory. Inspired by the victory of their fighter, the Russians became furious. The foggy morning was broken by the howl of trumpets, and the Russian army rushed to the attack.

Peresvet with Chelubey to another version

According to another version, Peresvet deliberately resorted to cunning and self-sacrifice. The hero, who fought with Chelubey before the Battle of Kulikovo, knew about the enemy’s long spear. Therefore, he specially took off all his armor so that the spear of the Tatar favorite would pass through Alexander’s body quickly and this would allow him to hit the enemy. The warrior monk put on a church outfit with an Orthodox cross. The self-confident Chelubey pierced Peresvet, but he, with a spear in his body, reached out to the enemy and defeated him. In his death throes, the Russian warrior managed to gallop to his troops and only fell there.

Battle

Inspired by victory and heroic self-sacrifice, the Russian troops went screaming towards the enemy. The parties clashed in a fierce battle. The Tatars were outnumbered. But the Russians left the regiment of the governor of Serpukhov in ambush. At the decisive moment, he struck at the rear of the Tatar troops. The horsemen cut down from behind, the Tatars wavered. They took a panicked flight and almost all were killed.
The defeat of the Horde became the starting point for the liberation of Rus' from the Tatar-Mongols. Inspired by the victory, the Russian princes decided to rally around Moscow.

Burial of a hero

The body of Alexander Peresvet was taken to Moscow. There he was buried with military honors near the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in a personal crypt. Legendary battle heroes such as were buried with him.

In the 18th century, builders found an ancient tomb under the bell tower, in which Alexander Peresvet was supposedly buried. Some historians consider this information implausible. After restoration, the temple was supplemented with a tomb and a tombstone was erected. It existed until the 20s of the 20th century. Now a new tombstone has been installed in the refectory of the temple, which replicates the cast-iron sarcophagus of Peresvet. The grave is open to visitors.

Memory

The hero of the Battle of Kulikovo was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. September 7 is considered the memorial day of Alexander Peresvet. The Moscow State Academy houses one that supposedly belongs to Peresvet. During the Russian Empire, several warships were named after Alexander. Today there are several streets, as well as a city in the Moscow region, named after Peresvet.

In 2006, the Peresvet special forces squad was formed.