Modern Japanese special forces are perhaps the only force in the world about which there is no specific information. The fact is that in this country there are no armed forces as such. And its safety is the responsibility of the self-defense forces, which have been granted a unique status.
The creation of modern Japanese special forces units begins in the distant post-war period. The reason for this was the Potsdam Declaration, which was signed in 1945. According to the declaration, the entire Japanese national army was disarmed and all troops were disbanded. At the end of November of the same year, the ministries - naval and military - ceased to exist, and all bodies that were under their control were abolished. In addition, in the Japanese Constitution, which was adopted in 1947, the government officially renounced the creation of any branches of the military, as well as the use of armed force as a means of resolving international conflicts.
However, as time has shown, the words of the Japanese government, spelled out in the basic law, diverged from the deeds, and in reality the situation was somewhat different. Not long after the end of the war, relations between the two former allies, the United States of America and the Soviet Union, deteriorated significantly. Under the current conditions, America began to use Japan to achieve its goals. And already in 1950, Joseph McCarthur, the commander in chief of the American troops, made a statement that Japan had received the right to self-defense. In support of his words, on July 8 of the same year, he signed an order according to which a reserve police corps was created in Japan, the number of which reached 75 thousand people. A year later, an agreement was signed between America and Japan, according to which Japan officially received obligations to independently bear responsibility for its own security from any, real or hypothetical, threats.
At the end of the summer of 1952, the Japanese government began to form a national army, starting with the reorganization of the reserve police corps into the national security corps. Such actions made it possible to increase its number to 110 thousand people. This corps served as the basis for the creation of the Self-Defense Forces, and this name is still the official name of the Japanese army. Despite the name, the formation cannot be called weak militarily. Every year, the Japanese government allocates approximately the same amount of money to modernize and reform its armed forces as the German or British government does. Thanks to this, the modern Japanese self-defense forces are a very powerful military formation with well-trained personnel, modern weapons, equipment and equipment.
However, despite the active support of the authorities, the country was in no hurry to form special forces units. And, according to official data, until the beginning of 2000, there were no such units at all in the Japanese armed forces. Some of the functions of special military formations were assigned to divers, of whom there were 6 groups. They were engaged in mining and demining of water areas, and also provided security for naval bases. The total number of divers reached about 370 people, and the groups themselves were stationed in the territories of naval bases in Kure, Yokosuka, Sasebo, Okinawa, Katsuren, Ominato and Maizuru.
The history of the special operations forces of the Japanese Navy began back in 1943, when suicide squads were formed to destroy various objects. A little earlier, back in 1934, the first advertisement for recruitment into suicide squads appeared, and, even though there were only 400 vacant places, about 5 thousand applications were received. But then “services” of this kind were unclaimed. It was only during the war years, when Japan’s position in the Pacific worsened, that this idea was returned to. Suicide swimmers were divided into underwater and surface forces. The surface forces had at their disposal boats filled with explosives, while the submarines had small boats and human-controlled torpedoes.
The combat swimmers had practically no chance of salvation. But, despite the very primitive methods of struggle, their actions had a great intimidating effect. After the end of the war, due to certain political and military circumstances outlined above, sabotage groups did not exist in Japan at all.
Currently, certain information is circulating on the Internet about the existence of special ranger units within the ground forces, which are part of formations of various types of troops.
According to this information, within the Japanese ground forces there is a company of rangers numbering 130 people, which is stationed on the island of Okinawa. In addition, there are non-standard platoons that are part of 12 reconnaissance companies of infantry divisions and the First Airborne Brigade called “Kutei”.
Kutei is the first special forces unit that was formed as part of the Japanese National Self-Defense Forces back in 1955. The first special forces were trained by instructors from the United States. A little later, in the 60s, the country opened its first parachute school, but training there was carried out according to the same American program.
Getting into the ranks of the special forces is not at all easy. All applicants undergo a thorough selection process that lasts four weeks. After this, everyone who managed to overcome it is sent to undergo the main training program, which also lasts 4 weeks. Those who complete the program are subsequently sent to additional special courses for pathfinders, scuba divers or mountain shooters.
The brigade is currently stationed near Tokyo. Its number is about 1200 people. As for the structural features, the brigade includes 3 combat units, each of which has 210 people. In addition, there is also a headquarters company and support services.
In the event of a military threat, according to the plans of the Japanese military command, each of the five Japanese armies would have a ranger battalion of 400 people, and each division would have one ranger company of 130 people. Thus, in the event of the outbreak of war, special operations forces are capable of providing more than two hundred sabotage groups, the total number of which will be about 4 thousand people.
In modern conditions of the emergence and development of military local conflicts, the Japanese military says that there is a real need to reconsider the methods of using troops. Thus, the military leadership of Japan has already reorganized the staffing structure of individual units and units of the armed forces, and also carried out a number of measures aimed at technical re-equipment of the ground forces. All these actions were aimed at preparing ground forces to conduct operations against terrorists and sabotage groups in urban conditions on Japanese territory, as well as to participate in peacekeeping operations outside its borders.
The main emphasis in the training of ground forces was placed on improving methods of protecting objects of national importance from possible attacks by terrorists and saboteurs: practicing reconnaissance operations to detect sabotage and terrorist groups and eliminate them.
And in order for the training to be more successful, in 2005 the training grounds were further equipped (they were equipped with means to simulate urban areas).
In addition, a little earlier, Japan held negotiations with the American military department regarding the organization of training for Japanese military operations in the city, as well as conducting training exercises for artillery and tank units. And already in 2001, on American territory, at a military training ground in Louisiana, such training with the Japanese ground forces was carried out. The training was conducted by American instructors and representatives of special forces. A year later, in 2002, the development of a training program for Japanese military personnel on American soil began.
It must be said that in addition to the rangers, the Japanese Self-Defense Forces also have another special unit, similar to the American Delta, which includes three companies and has a total strength of about 500 people. Among the main tasks assigned to this special rapid response unit are protection from sabotage groups, ensuring the protection of nuclear power plants, American bases, airports and seaports, the residence of the Prime Minister and garrisons of special operations forces.
In addition, the detachment was also planned to be tasked with searching for and neutralizing terrorist groups on Japanese territory. For this purpose, a special squad of 60 people was even formed, whose task was to inspect ships that had unauthorizedly violated Japanese borders, and they were even allowed to use firearms. To improve their landing skills on ships, the military of this unit underwent training in America.
Note that in 2002, the Japanese government began to consider the possibility of reforming the special forces of the armed forces by reorganizing their components of the navy, air force and ground forces into a single whole, which would make it possible to more effectively use special forces units in the fight against various types of military threats. The reorganization began in 2006 and was completed by 2010. It was the largest reform of the Japanese military since 1954.
Thus, today Japanese special forces represent a fairly serious, well-trained and equipped force.
Materials used:
http://tchest.org/special_forces/450-specnaz-yaponii.html
http://tchest.org/special_forces/445-specnaz-yaponii.html
http://www.bratishka.ru/archiv/2007/1/2007_1_19.php
The article will focus on individuals better known in the West as NEETs (nits), and in Japan as hikikomori.
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In European countries, the concept of NEET prevails, while in Japan terms such as “hikikomori” and “” are more popular.
« The number of suicides in one year exceeded the 30,000 mark for the first time in 1998, with 32,863 incidents, a sharp increase from 1997 (24,391 incidents). The rise in suicide rates in 1998 amid the economic downturn was characterized by a large number of business failures. According to the NLA, since 1998, the number of suicides has not fallen below 30,000: in 2003, the number of such cases reached 34,427, in 2006 - 32,155, in 2007 - 33,093» .
NEETs and hikikomori belong to the younger generation, that is, those who are unwilling or unable to adapt to the values of older generations. These people are in a kind of cultural paradigm fracture, the inability to develop a new cultural value paradigm, because these people are typical representatives of performance and consumer societies, forces them to simply leave, disappear from real life.
“The foundations on which the civilized world rests - and without which it will collapse - simply do not exist for the mass person. These cornerstones do not interest him, do not care, and he does not intend to strengthen them.” .
In Japan, NEETs are those who cannot accept the social model of behavior upon reaching adulthood, that is, upon entering adulthood.
Some experts claim that this problem is due to the long economic stagnation that continued throughout the 1990s, meaning these people are the product of a bubble economy. Stagnation in the 1990s led to high youth unemployment - 2.13 million, according to experts.
Also a big problem for the future of the Japanese as a nation is the falling birth rate and increasing levels of aging, that is, increasing life expectancy:
“According to the white paper released today by the Japanese government, Japan is one of the leading countries - which in this case is not exciting - in terms of population aging and declining birth rates.
According to the annual White Paper on Fertility Reduction, as of October 2008, people aged 65 years and over made up 22.1% of the country's total population, while people under 14 years old made up only 13.5% of the total population.
According to the forecasts presented in the document, by 2055, the portion of the population engaged in productive work (i.e., aged 15 to 64 years) will decrease from 81.64 million people to 45.95 million people.”
NEET is different from freeter (a classification for those exposed to horizontal social mobility in low-wage jobs), but they are both a reaction of Japanese youth to the traditional achievement of the highest public goods by starting with the lowest - salaryman. (Japanese), derived from English – “salary man”). The rise in the number of freeters and NEETs in Japan shows that the system of lifetime employment has not been able to withstand economic developments and globalization. The suitability of lifetime employment with one company has become increasingly precarious for both corporations and individuals.
Professor Michiko Miyamoto describes the situation as follows: “the social structure has been destroyed in industrial society while young people are becoming adults.”
Phenomena that contribute to the atomization of society:
1. Escapism(English) escape- run away, save yourself) is also a known pronunciation option escapism- a person’s desire to escape reality into the world of illusions. Often occurs in crisis situations. It can manifest itself in the form of physical withdrawal from the world (to remote villages, hard-to-reach regions), or without it - when, in the absence of isolation from society, a person ceases to show interest in the values accepted in society, preferring the world of his dreams.
2. Internet addiction(written with a small letter and a hyphen; English. Internet addiction, IA or English Internet addiction disorder, IAD) - a mental disorder, an obsessive desire to connect to the Internet and a painful inability to disconnect from the Internet in time. Internet addiction is a widely discussed issue, but its status is still at an unofficial level: the disorder is not included in the official classification of diseases DSM-IV.
3. Agoraphobia(Greek αγορά - area and φόβος - fear) - fear of open space; unconscious fear experienced when walking unaccompanied through a large square or a deserted street. Accompanies many nervous disorders and mental illnesses.
4. Avoidant personality disorder(IRL) or Anxious personality disorder(PDM) - according to the DSM, a personality disorder characterized by a persistent desire for social withdrawal, feelings of inferiority, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluations of others, and avoidance of social interaction. People with avoidant personality disorder often believe that they are bad at socializing or that their personality is unattractive, and avoid social interactions for fear of being ridiculed, humiliated, rejected, or being disliked. They often present themselves as individualists and talk about feeling alienated from society.
Main conclusions on the problem
As we see, globalization - both cultural and economic - has an extremely negative impact on the individual; collectivism, and especially collectivism based on ethnicity, cannot be destroyed by passing a law. But when people with an individualist worldview appear in society, they invariably encounter collectivism. We have examined the most extreme forms of rejection of collectivist reality. It should be noted here that while the world's population is growing, there are more and more individualists. A person is no longer tied to a specific territory, he can move freely and do almost whatever he wants, of course, if it does not harm other people.
It should also be noted here that there is a pattern that during times of crisis, part of the population, trying to escape from problems, goes back to the collective, or demonstrates radical individualism, when a person refuses any type of social relations. In order to confirm this conclusion with facts, we can turn to two provisions:
1. As shown above, the number of unemployed generates the number of nits;
2. You can look at the increase in numbers for 2008 during the global financial crisis [
Who are we? What we? Haven't you heard of us? Have you really not heard? What kind of wilderness do you live in? Then read and absorb, solags.
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Let's understand the concept itself. What is N.E.E.T. ?
The neither-nor generation (Spanish La generación Ni-Ni: los que ni estudian ni trabajan, lit. do not study or work, do neither one nor the other) - a generation of young people 16-34 years old who, due to various factors economic, social and political nature, do not work or study. The term is used in Mediterranean, Latin American and Western European sociological terminology and journalism.
The abbreviation NEET was first used in the United Kingdom, but its use has spread to other countries and regions, including Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the United States.
Our generation is growing up without work and education, without the opportunity to lead an adult life, so why not turn this into a plus?
And for this, our noble, magnificent, wonderful, beautiful army comes to your aid! Well, or just N.E.E.T.
We are a self-sufficient fighting unit, our people are everywhere: Ukraine, Britain, Japan, South Korea (no, not everywhere). Our soldiers do not know fatigue, do not feel hunger or cold, we do not care about pain, we are unshakable and strong! We make employers fear us; they tremble (no) at the sight of us! We are the guardians of the Internet! Have you ever wondered why the Internet is so quiet and peaceful? No, haven't you thought about it? Then turn on your head and think, who provides this peace of mind?!
The answer is obvious! Of course, not us, this is an accident, but you better consider that this is our merit... Ours. Hand. Case. Tell everyone that and no one will get hurt -.-
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What are our ideals?
That's a damn good question, cadet!
We fight for humanity's potential!
We are fighting to prove to our opponents from past generations that we are faster than them, stronger than them, smarter than them - we are better than them! We are fighting for the sun on the horizon! For a clear sky and a cool breeze! (but it is not exactly)
And! For freedom from unnecessary activities, unnecessary work, and for the opportunity to watch anime/cartoons/films/series/anime, play games and... Did I say anime twice? Well... You probably didn't read it correctly... And watch anime!
Do you like our aspirations, sweetie? Then come join us! We accept everyone (no), we will feed you, give you something to drink and clothe you (100% lie - we don’t have money for this)!
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Now you know about the great us! About our strength, honor and our ideals! Now I can consider you smart people, but damn, the kittens are kind of blind, honestly.
And the hikkikomori colonel of the first rank spoke to you - under the code name Es!
Have a nice Sunday and may the force be with you.
And remember: N.E.E.T. is keeping an eye on you (no, definitely not, 100% no, we have no money for this at all... Donations are accepted for the unemployment fund etc.)
Internet, video games, water pistols, cosplay festivals... Do you want to know what the legendary “couch troops” look like in reality? We'll show you! But be warned: the information in this article may permanently change your worldview and lifestyle.
Keyboard Warriors
NEET stands for Not in Education, Employment or Training(“One who neither studies nor works anywhere”). An over-aged bigot, an adult capable person who, instead of finding a job or, for example, going to university, sits at home. He watches TV series, plays video games, and communicates with people mainly online.
He earns money by random freelancing, or even lives off his parents. And, of course, he continuously wages virtual wars with those who are wrong on the Internet. In the English-speaking part of the Internet these people are called keyboard warriors, but in our country they are called “sofa troops”.
At one time, Japanese regulars of the anonymous site 2ch thought it would be witty to bring such “couch warriors” to life in the format of comic cosplay. The idea was prompted by the similarity of the term NEET with the traditional names of all kinds of special forces - SWAT, SAS, GSG, etc.
At the beginning of its career, NEET special forces stood out only in name. The comic effect was created by the very image of a sofa vegetable with elements of a tough fighter in a cool tactical body kit.
Later, some began to complement the uniform with bright stripes with cartoon characters and other such nonsense, increasing the contrast.
Well, and then it started... Changing parts of special forces equipment for the funniest and stupidest items has become a good tradition. A water gun instead of a real one (well, that is, an airsoft gun, of course)? Easily! Multi-colored markers in a bandoleer instead of cartridges? No problem! You can also attach a scoop or frying pan for unloading, put a magic wand from a toy store in the sheath instead of a knife, and... well, as much as your imagination allows.
It’s even possible, yes.
However, for some reason, the most characteristic “weapon” of NEET turned out to be beaters - with the help of which they knock out dust from carpets and mattresses.
We bring laughter and joy to people
Over time, the comic squad acquired traditions and its own slang. The name was finally approved as NEET Home Guard. On the one hand, this was an allusion to the British militia of the Second World War, called the Home Guard, which was also a collection of individuals who, due to their health or age, were not suitable for normal armed forces.
On the other hand, it said that the squad member is too lazy to go anywhere, so he only fights at home (home guard can literally be translated as “home defense”).
The fighters call each other “operatives.” The enemies that threaten the sofa lifestyle are called "works"- from the English work (“work”). These are worthless victims of the consumer society, who, instead of fighting day and night for everything good on the Internet, go to work every day.
Each operative's combat mission is to mercilessly ridicule and humiliate the vorks when they come to his home. But since they will never come, because they are busy with work and family, there will be no need to fight - an ideal combat mission that does not require any effort or sacrifice from the operative.
Foreign units of NEET Home Guard receive approval for formation from the General Headquarters in Japan - the founders of the unit. Of course, this is not necessary, but operatives like to play hierarchy, parodying real military orders. Now about one and a half dozen units with a total number of more than eight hundred people are registered around the world.
There is also a Russian one: it has existed for only a few months, has three dozen operatives, but is quite active. And, by the way, it’s recruiting people who want it.
The second and most important task of an operative is to bring joy to people. For this you even have to overcome yourself and get out from behind the computer. NEET fighters attend festivals and conventions, where they amuse others with their appearance, take pictures with visitors and generally have a good time.
Well, who else will be able to play the vuvuzelas so fervently for the amusement of a bored crowd?
Although even there, a real operative will not miss the opportunity to lie around and play on a pocket console.
And of course, since you crawled out of the house anyway and found yourself among people dressed in strange clothes, then why not start a photo hunt for cute cosplayers?
I don’t know how it is for anyone, but I really like this kind of movement. NEET Home Guard cheerfully and good-naturedly makes fun of armchair military specialists, fans of “tough guy special forces” - who in their lives have never held anything more dangerous than a fork - and many other types that surround us on the Internet. At the same time, they do not forget to be ironic at themselves.
If you suddenly think that someone is wrong on the Internet, just smile and pass by. Otherwise, the operatives will come to you, drink all the soda and spank you with carpet beaters.