Job source: Solution 2450. Unified State Exam 2018. Russian language. I.P. Tsybulko. 36 options.
Task 15. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The sparkling waves laughed mysteriously and ran onto the shore and crashed loudly against the stones.
2) Be silent, hide and hide your feelings and dreams.
3) The whirlwind raged for about an hour or an hour and a half and then suddenly died down.
4) Childhood memory turned out to be tenacious and the first meeting with the theater remained in it forever.
5) In his work, M. Voloshin tried not only to comprehend Russia’s past but also to predict its future.
Solution.
In this task you need to put commas in a complex sentence or with homogeneous sentences.
1. Let’s determine the number of grammatical bases in these sentences: a simple sentence or a complex one.
1) Sparkling waves mysteriously laughed And ran up to the shore and loudly crashed about the stones. Simple.
2) Shut up and hide And thai and your feelings and dreams. Simple.
3) Vortex raged about an hour or an hour and a half and then suddenly poem. Simple.
4) Children's room memory turned out to be tenacious and the first meeting with the theater stayed in it forever. Complex.
5) In your creativity M. Voloshin had tried Not only comprehend Russia's past but also predict her future. Simple.
2. Determine the placement of commas in a complex sentence. Rule: a comma is placed at the boundary of parts of a complex sentence if simple sentences do not have a common minor member.
4) Children's room memory turned out to be tenacious (,) and the first meeting with the theater stayed in it forever. Complex, there is no common minor member, a comma is needed. ONE comma.
3. Let's determine the placement of commas in simple sentences. Rule: one comma is placed before the second homogeneous member in the absence of conjunctions, before a single adversative conjunction or before the second part of a complex conjunction (both ... and etc.).
1) The sparkling waves laughed mysteriously and ran onto the shore and crashed loudly against the stones. Homogeneous predicates are connected by the repeated conjunction “and” (they laughed, and ran, and crashed). TWO commas.
2) Be silent (,) hide and hide your feelings (,) and dreams. Homogeneous predicates are connected by the conjunction “and” (be silent, hide and hide). Homogeneous objects are connected by the repeated conjunction “and” (both feelings and dreams). TWO commas.
3) The whirlwind raged for about an hour or an hour and a half and then suddenly died down. Homogeneous predicates are connected by the conjunction “and” (rage and verse). NO commas.
Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The fruits of this plant are healthy and tasty and have a wonderful aroma.
2) It became unbearably stuffy and I had to open all the windows.
4) The study of the growth of unusual crystals has theoretical, practical and general scientific significance.
5) Ancient Spanish craftsmen used either stone or brick masonry when building castles.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Let's give the correct spelling.
1) The fruits of this plant are healthy and tasty and have a wonderful aroma. Two rows of the same type.
2) It became unbearably stuffy, and I had to open all the windows.
3) From the window one could see the trunks of cherry trees and a piece of the alley.
4) The study of the growth of unusual crystals has theoretical, practical, and general scientific significance.
5) Ancient Spanish craftsmen used either stone or brick masonry when building castles.
One comma is needed:
in the 5th sentence: its homogeneous members are connected by a repeating conjunction or
in the 2nd sentence: it is complex, contains two predicative parts that do not have a common secondary member of the sentence or an introductory word and do not have a common subordinate clause. A comma is needed before the conjunction I.
The correct answer is indicated under numbers 2 and 5.
Answer: 25|52
Relevance: 2016-2017
Difficulty: normal
Codifier section: Punctuation marks in BSC and sentences with homogeneous members
Rule: Punctuation marks in BSC and in sentences with homogeneous members. Task 16., Punctuation marks in BSC and in sentences with homogeneous members. Task 16.
Target
Legend:
OC - homogeneous members.
For example:
two rows: two predicates, hit and covered; two additions, gusts and groans.
note:
General scheme: OOO .
Example: yellow, green, red apples.
General scheme: O and/yes/either/or O .
Example 1: The still life depicts yellow and red apples.
Example 2: .
Example 3
Example 4
General scheme: O, O and O.
Example: The still life depicts yellow, green and red apples.
AND
AND
General scheme: Oh, and Oh, and Oh.
General scheme: and O, and O, and O.
Example 1: The still life depicts yellow, and green, and red apples.
Example 2: The still life depicts apples.
More complex examples:
Example 3:
Example 4:
Example 5: Houses and trees and sidewalks were covered with snow
note:
Let's look at examples.
Example 1: children and adults and read it aloud. How many rows? Two: children and adults; gathered and read
Example 2: reread letter and write a response.
Scheme: O, a/no/da O
Example 1:
Example 2:
Example 3: Small spool but precious .
Scheme: O, or O, or O
Example 1:
Than others.
Examples: I have an errand How from the judge So equals And from all our friends.
Green was Not only But It was still And a very subtle psychologist.
Mother not really angry, But I was still unhappy.
There are fogs in London if not every day , That every other day for sure.
He was not so much disappointed , How many
Example1: .
Example 2:
Example 3:
And it snowed and snowed.
If the offer contains heterogeneous definitions
Example:
impersonal part, with a predicate in . For example:
[O Skaz and O Skaz].
Leaves crimson, gold
common minor member.
Example 1: .
in a year
just the beginning of a sentence
Example 2:By evening the wind died down and it started to freeze. What happened By the evening?
Now more complex example 1: On the outskirts of the city comma added
Example 2 a comma is placed.
PUNCTUATION MARKS IN COMPLEX SENTENCES AND IN SENTENCES WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS
This task tests knowledge of two punctograms:
1. Commas in a simple sentence with homogeneous members.
2. Commas in a complex sentence, the parts of which are connected by coordinating conjunctions, in particular, the conjunction I.
Target: Find TWO sentences that require ONE comma in each. Not two, not three (but this happens!) commas, but one. In this case, you need to indicate the numbers of those sentences where the missing comma was PUT, since there are cases when the sentence already has a comma, for example, in an adverbial phrase. We don't count it.
You should not look for commas in various phrases, introductory words and in the IPP: according to the specification in this task, only the three indicated punctograms are checked. If the sentence requires commas for other rules, they will already be placed
The correct answer will be two numbers, from 1 to 5, in any sequence, without commas or spaces, for example: 15, 12, 34.
Legend:
OC - homogeneous members.
SSP is a compound sentence.
The algorithm for completing the task should be like this:
1. Determine the number of bases.
2. If the sentence is simple, then we find ALL rows of homogeneous members in it and turn to the rule.
3. If there are two basics, then this is a complex sentence, and each part is considered separately (see point 2).
Do not forget that homogeneous subjects and predicates create NOT a complex, but a simple complicated sentence.
15.1 PUNCTION MARKS FOR HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS
Homogeneous members of a sentence are those members that answer the same question and relate to the same member of the sentence. Homogeneous members of a sentence (both main and secondary) are always connected by a coordinating connection, with or without a conjunction.
For example: In “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson,” S. Aksakov describes with truly poetic inspiration both summer and winter pictures of Russian nature.
In this sentence there is one row of meanings, these are two homogeneous definitions.
One sentence can have several rows of homogeneous members. Yes, in a sentence Soon a heavy downpour hit and covered with the noise of rain streams and gusts of wind, and the groans of the pine forest two rows: two predicates, hit and covered; two additions, gusts and groans.
note: Each row of OCs has its own punctuation rules.
Let's look at various sentence patterns with OP and formulate the rules for placing commas.
15.1.1. A series of homogeneous members connected ONLY by intonation, without conjunctions.
General scheme: OOO .
Rule: if two or more words are connected only by intonation, a comma is placed between them.
Example: The still life depicts yellow, green, red apples.
15.1.2 Two homogeneous members are connected by the union AND, YES (in the meaning of AND), EITHER, OR
General scheme: O and/yes/either/or O .
Rule: if two words are connected by a single conjunction I/DA, no comma is placed between them.
Example 1: The still life depicts yellow and red apples.
Example 2: Everywhere she was greeted cheerfully and friendly.
Example 3: Only you and I will stay in this house.
Example 4: I will cook rice with vegetables or pilaf.
15.1.3 The last OC is joined by the union I.
General scheme: O, O and O.
Rule: If the last homogeneous member is joined by a conjunction and, then a comma is not placed in front of it.
Example: The still life depicts yellow, green and red apples.
15.1.4. There are more than two homogeneous members and a union AND repeated at least twice
Rule: For various combinations of union (clause 15.1.2) and non-union (clause 15.1.1) combinations of homogeneous members of a sentence, the rule is observed: if there are more than two homogeneous members and the union AND is repeated at least twice, then a comma is placed between all homogeneous terms
General scheme: Oh, and Oh, and Oh.
General scheme: and O, and O, and O.
Example 1: The still life depicts yellow, and green, and red apples.
Example 2: The still life depicts and yellow, and green, and red apples.
More complex examples:
Example 3: From the house, from the trees, and from the dovecote, and from the gallery- Long shadows ran far away from everything.
Two unions and, four och. Comma between och.
Example 4: It was sad in the spring air, and in the darkening sky, and in the carriage. Three unions and, three och. Comma between och.
Example 5: Houses and trees and sidewalks were covered with snow. Two unions and, three och. Comma between och.
Please note that there is no comma after the last och, because this is not between the och, but after it.
It is this scheme that is often perceived as erroneous and non-existent; keep this in mind when completing the task.
note: This rule only works if the conjunction AND is repeated in one row, and not in the entire sentence.
Let's look at examples.
Example 1: In the evenings they gathered around the table children and adults and read it aloud. How many rows? Two: children and adults; gathered and read. The conjunction is not repeated in each row, it is used once. Therefore, commas are NOT placed according to rule 15.1.2.
Example 2: In the evening Vadim went to his room and sat down reread letter and write a response. Two rows: left and sat down; I sat down (why? for what purpose?) to re-read and write.
15.1.5 Homogeneous members are connected by the union A, BUT, YES (= but)
Scheme: O, a/no/da O
Rule: If there is a conjunction A, BUT, YES (= but), commas are added.
Example 1: The student writes quickly but sloppily.
Example 2: The baby no longer whimpered, but cried bitterly.
Example 3: Small spool but precious .
15.1.6 With homogeneous members, conjunctions are repeated NO NO; NOT THIS, NOT THAT; THAT, THAT; OR EITHER; OR OR
Scheme: O, or O, or O
Rule: when repeating other conjunctions (except I) twice, neither, nor; not this, not that; this, that; or either; or, or a comma is always used:
Example 1: And the old man walked around the room and either hummed psalms in a low voice or impressively lectured his daughter.
Please note that the sentence also contains homogeneous circumstances and additions, but we do not highlight them for a clearer picture.
There is no comma after the predicate “paced”! But if instead of the union AND THEN, AND THEN there was simply AND, there would be three whole commas (according to rule 15.1.4)
15.1.7. With homogeneous members there are double unions.
Rule: In double conjunctions, a comma is placed before the second part. These are unions of both... and; not only but; not so much... but; how much... so much; although and... but; if not... then; not that... but; not that... but; not only not, but rather... than others.
Examples: I have an errand How from the judge So equals And from all our friends.
Green was Not only a magnificent landscape painter and master of plot, But It was still And a very subtle psychologist.
Mother not really angry, But I was still unhappy.
There are fogs in London if not every day , That every other day for sure.
He was not so much disappointed , How many surprised by the current situation.
Please note that each part of a double conjunction is BEFORE OC, which is very important to take into account when completing task 7 (type “error on homogeneous members”), we have already encountered these conjunctions.
15.1.8. Often homogeneous members are connected in pairs
General scheme: Scheme: O and O, O and O
Rule: When combining minor members of a sentence in pairs, a comma is placed between the pairs (the conjunction AND acts locally, only within groups):
Example1: Alleys planted with lilacs and lindens, elms and poplars led to a wooden stage.
Example 2: The songs were different: about joy and sorrow, the day that has passed and the day to come.
Example 3: Geography books and tourist guides, friends and casual acquaintances told us that Ropotamo is one of the most beautiful and wild corners of Bulgaria.
15.1.9. They are not homogeneous, therefore they are not separated by commas:
A number of repetitions that have an intensifying connotation are not homogeneous members.
And it snowed and snowed.
Simple complicated predicates are also not homogeneous
That's what he said, I'll go check it out.
Phraseologisms with repeating conjunctions are not homogeneous members
Neither this nor that, neither fish nor meat; neither light nor dawn; neither day nor night
If the offer contains heterogeneous definitions, which stand before the word being explained and characterize one object from different sides, it is impossible to insert a conjunction between them and.
A sleepy golden bumblebee suddenly rose from the depths of the flower.
15.2. PUNCTION MARKS IN COMPLEX SENTENCES
Complex sentences are complex sentences in which simple sentences are equal in meaning and are connected by coordinating conjunctions. The parts of a complex sentence are independent of each other and form one semantic whole.
Example: Three times he wintered in Mirny, and each time returning home seemed to him the limit of human happiness.
Depending on the type of coordinating conjunction that connects the parts of the sentence, all complex sentences (CCS) are divided into three main categories:
1) SSP with connecting conjunctions (and; yes in the meaning and; neither..., nor; also; also; not only..., but also; both..., and);
2) BSC with dividing conjunctions (that..., that; not that..., not that; or; either; either..., or);
3) SSP with adversative conjunctions (a, but, yes in the meaning but, however, but, but then, only, the same).
15.2.1 The basic rule for placing a comma in the BSC.
A comma between parts of a complex sentence is placed according to the basic rule, that is, ALWAYS, with the exception of special conditions, which limit the application of this rule. These conditions are discussed in the second part of the rule. In any case, to determine whether a sentence is complex, you need to find its grammatical basis. What to consider when doing this:
a) Not always every simple sentence can have both a subject and a predicate. So, the frequency of sentences with one impersonal part, with a predicate in vague personal proposal. For example: He had a lot of work ahead of him, and he knew it.
Scheme: [is coming], and [he knew].
The doorbell rang and no one moved.
Scheme: [they called], and [no one moved].
b) The subject can be expressed by pronouns, both personal and other categories: I suddenly heard a painfully familiar voice, and it brought me back to life.
Scheme: [I heard], and [it returned]. Don't lose a pronoun as a subject if it duplicates the subject from the first part! These are two sentences, each with its own basis, for example: The artist was well acquainted with all the guests, and he was a little surprised to see a face unfamiliar to him.
Scheme: [The artist was familiar], and [he was surprised]. Let's compare with a similar construction in a simple sentence: The artist was well acquainted with all the guests and was a little surprised to see a face unfamiliar to him.[O Skaz and O Skaz].
c) Since a complex sentence consists of two simple ones, it is quite likely that each of them can have homogeneous members in its composition. Commas are placed both according to the rule of homogeneous members and according to the rule of complex sentences. For example: Leaves crimson, gold They fell quietly to the ground, and the wind circled them in the air and threw them up. Sentence pattern: [Leaves fell], and [wind O Skaz and O Skaz].
15.2.2 Special conditions for placing signs in a complex sentence
In a school course of the Russian language, the only condition under which a comma is not placed between parts of a complex sentence is the presence common minor member.
The most difficult thing for students is to understand whether there is common minor clause, which will give the right not to put a comma between parts, or there is none. General means that it relates simultaneously to both the first part and the second. If there is a common member, a comma is not placed between the parts of the BSC. If it exists, then in the second part there cannot be a similar minor member, there is only one, it is at the very beginning of the sentence. Let's consider simple cases:
Example 1: A year later, my daughter went to school and my mother was able to go to work..
Both simple sentences can equally qualify for the time adverbial “in a year.” What's happened in a year? My daughter went to school. Mom was able to go to work.
Moving the common member to the end of the sentence changes the meaning: My daughter went to school, and my mother was able to go to work a year later. And now this minor member is no longer general, but relates only to the second simple sentence. That is why it is so important for us, firstly, the place of the common member, just the beginning of a sentence , and secondly, the general meaning of the sentence.
Example 2:By evening the wind died down and it started to freeze. What happened By the evening? The wind died down. It started to freeze.
Now more complex example 1: On the outskirts of the city the snow had already begun to melt, and it was already quite a spring picture here. There are two circumstances in the sentence, each simple has its own. That's why comma added. There is no common minor member. Thus, the presence of a second minor member of the same type (place, time, purpose) in the second sentence gives the right to insert a comma.
Example 2: By nightfall, my mother’s temperature rose even more, and we did not sleep all night. There is no reason to attribute the adverbial “to the night” to the second part of a complex sentence, therefore a comma is placed.
It should be noted that there are other cases in which a comma is not placed between parts of a complex sentence. These include the presence of a common introductory word, a common subordinate clause, as well as two sentences that are indefinitely personal, impersonal, identical in structure, and exclamatory. But these cases were not included in the Unified State Examination tasks, and they are not presented in manuals and are not studied in the school course.
Theory “Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech”
Spelling N and NN in nouns
NN is written:
- if the root of the word ends in n, and the suffix begins with n. For example: cavalry, dowry, raspberry field.
- if the noun is formed from an adjective or from a participle having nn. For example: contemporary, solemnity.
N is written:
If a noun is formed from an adjective stem with one n. For example: sandstone, spices, youth.
Spelling Н and НН in suffixes of denominal adjectives (formed from the name of a noun)
NN is written:
- in adjectives formed from nouns and adjectives using suffixes -enn-, -onn-. For example: revolutionary, temporary, hefty.Exception: windy.
- in adjectives formed from nouns with a stem in -n using a suffix -n-. For example: long, foggy, cast iron.
- Adjectives lamb, seal, pork and similar ones are written with one n, since they are formed from nouns with a stem in n by adding a suffix -iii-.
- Adjectives spicy, rosy, youthful are written with one n, since these are non-derivative adjectives.
N is written:
N is written in adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -in-, -an-, -yang-. For example: mouse, goose, water.Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
Spelling N and NN in verbal adjectives and participles
NN is written:
- full passive past participles. For example: twisted, dug up, bought
- in adjectives on -ovanny, -evanny, -evanny. For example: pickled, uprooted, paved
N is written:
1) in verbal adjectives. For example: whitewashed walls, loaded carriage
2) in short participles. For example: made, mastered, painted
Spelling N and NN in adverbs
There are as many n written in adverbs as there are in the word from which the adverb is derived. For example: accidentally (unintentional), confused (confused), windy (windy)
Task 15 of the Unified State Exam 2018 in the Russian language. Theory.
Task 15 is aimed at identifying your knowledge on the following topics:
Placing a comma with homogeneous terms;
Placing a comma in the BSC.
Comma for homogeneous terms |
|
A comma is needed | No comma needed |
between homogeneous members not related by unions The museum staff carefully preserved the collections, systematized them, studied them, organized exhibitions, and published scientific articles. , , , , | between two similar members if they are connected by a single union The museum staff carefully preserved the collections, studied and systematized them. |
between homogeneous members connected by adversarial unions, but, yes (in the meaning But), however, but The museum staff carefully preserved the collections, systematized them, studied them, but at that time they could not organize an exhibition. But | between two homogeneous members, if they are connected by a single union in a pair The museum staff carefully preserved the collections and studied them. |
between homogeneous members connected by repeating unions: The museum staff stored the collections, systematized them, studied them, organized exhibitions, and published scientific articles. And, and, and, and | in stable combinations neither fluff nor feather, and laughter and sin, neither light nor dawn, etc. |
before the second part of the double conjunctions, not only..., but also...; both... and...; not so much..., but; although..., but...; if not... then etc. The museum staff not only stored the collections, but also systematized them, studied them, organized exhibitions, and published scientific articles. [ not only but ], , | Commas are not used if several definitions are not homogeneous members |
between paired homogeneous members connected by AND and OR Museum staff carefully preserved and studied the collections, organized exhibitions and published scientific articles. And , and | |
In a complex sentence, a comma is usually placed between two grammatical stems.
Nature is waking up and people are preparing for winter.
There is no need for a comma in a compound sentence. |
|
In the following situations: | Example: |
1. If there is a common minor member of the sentence | In autumn, nature falls asleep and people prepare for winter. |
2. If there is common to partsintroductory word, phrase, or sentence, particle, isolated member of a sentence (comparative phrase). | To our surprise, the weather changed suddenly and it became really hot. Long live the light and let the darkness disappear Further meetings were just as pleasant and the conversations were just as useful, like the first time. |
3. If parts of a complex sentence have a common subordinate clause or a common non-union part | When mom entered the room, 1 / the fragments of the vase were lying on the floor 2 / and the children were trying to collect them 3 As often happens, the bad is remembered and the good is forgotten |
4. If the parts of a complex sentence are: 1) interrogative sentences; 2) incentive offers; 3) exclamatory sentences; 4) nominal sentences; 5) impersonal offers, and having synonymous words as part of predicates | 1) When will you come again and can we meet? 2) Try to do everything well and may everything work out for you! 3) How good you are and how I like everything! 4) Heat and stuffiness. Cold and rain. 5) Hot and stuffy. Cold and rainy. |
Notes:
1. If there is a common minor member of the sentence, a comma is placed before the conjunction if the conjunction is repeated:
In such weather, the wolf does not prowl, and the bear does not crawl out of the den.
2. An adversative conjunction after or before which there are two simple sentences connected by a conjunction is not a unifying element, therefore a comma is placed before and:
Ibrahim would have been very happy to get rid of it, but the assembly was an official matter, and the sovereign strictly demanded the presence of his entourage (P.); He suppressed a sigh and slowly began to roll up a cigarette, but for some reason his hands trembled, and he spilled tobacco on his knees (Sh.); The thunderstorm passed and the clouds cleared, but the stuffiness still remained.
Theory for Task No. 15 Unified State Exam 2019 in Russian
The difficulty of this task is that the spelling of N/NN depends on the part of speech, and there are also a number of exceptions that need to be remembered.
Work algorithm:
- Read the assignment carefully. It is important to look for a word with the number of N indicated in the task. Please check again before entering your answer on the form.
- Determine the part of speech.
- If you are dealing with adjectives and participles, then the full or short form in front of you is important.
- According to the part of speech and the form of the word, remember the rules and exceptions.
It's important to know about adjectives and participles!
Adjective:
-answers questions (which one, which one...) and indicates the attribute of an object.
-can be formed from a noun and from an imperfective verb.
-has a short form, answers the question “what (a, o, s)?”
Participle:
-combines the characteristics of an adjective and a verb, answers 2 questions: which one? + participle questions.
-derived from a perfective verb
-has a short form, answers the question: “what was done (a, o, s)?”
-divided into active and passive.
Active participles(the action is performed by a noun) answer the question: what is he doing, what was he doing?
For example: reading person (the person reads himself)
Passive participles(action is performed on a noun) answer the questions: what is being done, what is being done.
For example: read book (someone read a book, i.e. an action is performed on the book.)
How to distinguish a verbal adjective from a participle:
Verbal adjectives- these are adjectives formed from the verb stem in a suffixal way, retaining only a genetic connection with the verbs. (can be replaced with an adjective synonym)
Examples: Tanning, copying (with the suffix -linen). Exclamatory, fortune-telling (with the suffix -teln-y). Experienced, lethargic, burnt (with the suffix -l-y, go back to Old Russian participles). Hanging, flammable, explosive, -uch- (-yuch-), go back to the Old Russian participles).
Participatory formations, (also classified as adjectives), i.e., participles that have lost aspectual and tense meanings, as well as verbal control (adjectival participles). Boiled, faceted, gifted, torn, fried.
Participles
1) retain their verbal character (can be replaced with a construction with a verb)
2) can be formed from perfective verbs
3) can have dependent words, unlike adjectives.
Н, НН in suffixes of adjectives and participles
1. In denominative adjectives (derived from nouns), which have no basis -n, and in non-derivative adjectives;Anniversary-anniversaryBlue; green-en-, -yan-, -in-:Sand-sandyLeather-leatherExcl: tin, glass, wood |
1. In denominal adjectives with a stem on -n;Sleep - sleepyLength – long2. In denominative adjectives with suffixes-enn- , -he N-Art-artificial,Lecture-lectureMorning-morning |
3. In adjectives formed from imperfective verbs, without prefixes, except Not-) and dependent wordsPaint (chapter NV without prefix) - paintedFrighten - frightenedCalledTheir spelling does not change as part of complex words (smooth-colored, fresh-frozen, but smooth-colored, because there is a prefix o)Excl: desired, made, unseen, unheard of, accidental, unexpected, unexpected, sacred, cutesy, slow, long-awaited, wakeful, cursed |
3. In participles formed from perfective verbs, with prefixes (except Not-) and/or with dependent words:Painted (but: unpainted), painted (with what?) with oil paint;Worn out (but: unworn), worn (by whom?) by brother suitExcl: named brother, imprisoned father, smart child, bride's dowry, forgiven Sunday, finished man In some prefixless participles formed from perfective verbs:Given, abandoned, bought, decided, deprived |
4. In short participles:Seeded - seeded (a, o, s)Reflected - reflected(a,o,s) |
4. In full participles (adjectives) with -ovanny, -yovanny:Pampered, cycledExcl: forged, chewed |
5. In short adjectives, if in full there was one -n-Young girl - young girlGreen trees - trees are green |
In short adjectives, if there were full ones -nn-A valuable thing is a valuable thingLong road - long road |
Remember. In nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, the same amount of -n- is written as there was in the word from which they were formed: | |