A tale of cases.
He had not yet been born, but they were already thinking about what name to give him, and decided to call him the nominative case. Was born and became the GENTIVE CASE. The first word he learned was “Na”, he loved to share with everyone, give away everything he had, and it was called DATIVE CASE. He was a big mischief-maker, he was blamed for all sorts of tricks, and he became the ACCUSATIVE CASE. Then he grew up, began to do good deeds and began to be called the CREATIVE CASE. He offered his help to everyone, they started talking about him and now called him PREPOSITIONAL CASE.
Case from the Latin "fall".
Russian has 6 cases, Finnish has 15 cases, Hungarian has 22 cases, Latin has 4 cases, Moldavian has 4 cases, Lithuanian has 6 cases.
Changing nouns according to questions is called CHANGE BY CASE.
There are a total of 6 cases in the Russian language: nominative, genitive, dative,
accusative, instrumental,
prepositional. Remember the nursery rhyme
- remember the cases too.
"IVAN GAVE BIRTH TO A GIRL, AND ORDERED TO BRING A DIAGNER"
To find out the case of a noun,
(if it is not a subject) you need to find the word on which it depends and put a question to the noun from this word.
NOminative CASE: WHO? WHAT?
A noun in the nominative case is the easiest to recognize. In a sentence it is the SUBJECT. Nouns in all other cases will be different parts of the sentence.
A (what?) village was driving. The pig squealed (who?). The old lady was yawning (who?). There was (what?) a toy lying around.
The twist of fate is so amazing: We are studying the nominative case. Hanging on a branch (what?) is a cheesecake! Sleeping on the fence (who?) is an old lady! A (what?) toy is flying towards us from the sky! The nightingale whistles (who?) - girlfriend! A pig is snoring (who?) on a pine tree! She told everything (who?) - a liar! She created such an amazing world! Well, let's remember the case
NOMINATIVE!
GENTIVE CASE: WHOM? WHAT? WHERE? WHERE?
The easiest way to recognize the GENTIVE CASE is this: you can substitute the word for a noun in the genitive case NO , the noun will not change:
No (what?) cranberries
No (what?) sunshine
No (who?) lizard
No (who?) uncle
But here is a poem where there are a lot of words in the GENTIVE case and all the prepositions appear. If you memorize this poem, then you will remember the prepositions without difficulty.
I from ran away from home
I before walked in the evening.
Sigal from tree to snowdrift,
I dreamed of living without lessons.
For snowflake collections
I collected with my tongue.
Near danced around the fire
AND around jumped around the yard.
Do I need to do homework?
I don't care about that!
Here I am standing at the blackboard
And I sigh with sadness,
But GENTIVE CASE
I won’t remember for the life of me!
DATIVE CASE: TO WHOM? WHAT? WHERE? WHERE?
To find out the dative case, you need to put the word GIVE (that's why they are the dative case!)
I give (to whom?) Katya
I give it to (who?) my son
I give (to whom?) to the swan
Prepositions with dative case: K, Po.
If I gave names to Cases,
I would then call the DATIVE a gift!
And how I daydream: I dress up as Santa Claus and bring gifts to everyone: Brother, sister, dog. And WHO else? WHAT? Chick, horse, catfish, cat, hare, hippopotamus, crocodile and elephant!
TO I'm in a hurry to get to the locomotive, By I'm flying to the ground, rushing! I will deliver gifts to everyone and then I will return home.
ACCUSATIVE CASE: WHOM? WHAT? WHERE?
U accusative case helper word BLAME ,
that is I ACCUSE.
I blame (who?) the boy
I blame (who?) the girl
Blame (what?) the frying pan
Prepositions with the accusative case: IN,ON, FOR, UNDER, THROUGH, PRO.
"If you want to know a lot,
To REMEMBER THE ACCUSATIVE,
I learned... to fly!
How will I fly under ceiling.
Yes, I'll wave through threshold, I'm flying out behind window,
I'm heading for the meadow.
I hate to blame
I will list everything.
WHAT will I see and WHO?
I'll name one!
I see river, I see a garden -
I name everything!
I see cherries I see plum They are building a club not far away,
How beautiful it is all around! They sculpt a tower on
Enough! IN I'm going back to school IN class I fly in light.
CREATIVE CASE: BY WHOM? HOW? WHERE?
In the instrumental case, the assistant word is CREATING. I create (by whom?) an elephant
I create (with what?) with a brush
I create (by whom?) a fox
Prepositions with instrumental case: BEHIND,ABOVE, UNDER, FRONT, WITH
To keep up with everyone,
To be reputed to be smart, We must now understand everything
In the CREATIVE case.
What can I say for a long time, I decided... to create! Pencil, took paper
And I painted the landscape.
I am an artist! I'm a creator! Wow, what a great guy I am!
Before castle the bush is blooming,
Under driftwood the snake lives
Above dear falcon soars, Behindfence the horse neighs.
PREPOSITIONAL CASE: ABOUT WHOM? ABOUT WHAT? WHERE?
Nouns in the PREPOSITIONAL case are always used with prepositions. Prepositions in the PREPOSITIONAL case: O, OB, V, VO,ON THE, AT. And the helper words are THINK or DREAM.
I think (about what?) about a fairy tale I dream (about what?) about a miracle I dream (about whom?) about a dog I think (about what?) about fire I think (where? in what?) in the classroom I think (where? on what?) on horseback
And it is also important not to confuse the PRESPOSIBLE case with the ACCUSATIVE case. They may have the same prepositions, but they answer different questions:
WHERE? - Prepositional
WHERE? - Accusative
What are you dreaming about, my friend?
Once upon a time there were cases. Six noble fellows. Without them, it would be impossible for people to understand each other, and they would quarrel due to lack of understanding. Imagine, if everyone names indeclinable words, they will lose their meaning, turning into nonsense. These magic words are also friends with prepositions. They guide words and let them take on meaning in a letter train called a sentence.
First case Nominative, that is, he gives the word a name, just as every child also has his own name. For example, a spoon. The object we eat with is called a spoon. The spiny creature is called a hedgehog. A living creature and a non-living, non-animate one can have a name. Answers the question Who? What? The nominative case is older than all its brothers and does not have a single preposition, all of them were distributed to the other brothers, who will have to choose them correctly.
Genitive. This is how he was born. Answers the questions of Who, What? You can apply the negation “no” to it. For example, there is no spoon. The Tin Woodman has no heart. No what? No heart. Remember, he went to the emerald city to ask the wizard for a heart. Friendly with the prepositions “from”, “without” “c”, “to” “y”, “about” and “for”. For example, you can’t do without a spoon, I wish you happiness with all my heart.
Dative. He is very generous and gives gifts to everyone. Derived from the word "to give". Answers the question: Who, What? Friendly with the prepositions "to" and "by". For example, give it to tea, a spoonful. Give to what? For tea. When we write letters to friends, we see that the word “to whom” is written on the envelope. This necessary case occurs here. We indicate the friend's last name and first name, for example Maxim Ivanov in the dative case. Also, don’t forget to write the “to” address. True, they haven’t yet invented a Demand case for it, maybe they will invent one yet.
Next case Accusative. He doesn't blame anyone, that's just what he calls it. Answers the question Who? What? The verb “see” can be applied to it. I see a spoon. I see what? A spoon. I see a girl. I see who? A girl. Can be used with the prepositions “about”, “through”, “for”. For example, I’ll tell you about a spoon. Before, when there were no spoons, people ate with their hands. Pieces of vegetables and meat were taken out of the bowl with the right hand. The first spoons appeared in the 14th century; they were made from shells, fish bones and wood. Most spoons were wooden, but Prince Vladimir ordered the production of silver spoons. And even at first, when they came to visit, they carried spoons with them.
Instrumental case. He is called a creator and a proud man. The verb “I’m proud” can be applied to it. Answers questions by whom? How? I'm proud of my spoon. Proud of what? With your spoon. Makes friends with the prepositions “before”, “under” and above. For example, putting a fork in front of a spoon or the sun setting over the forest. Above what? Above the forest. Each of us would probably like to see the sun set. That's very beautiful.
Prepositional. Dreamy young man. The youngest among his brothers. Answers questions About whom? About what? The verb “dream” can be applied to it. For example, dreams of a silver spoon. About what? About the spoon. This case already has its own single preposition “O”, with which it is not separated, like we are with clothes.
One day the cases all got together and came up with truths from their names. There is nothing wiser than the truth!
Have true friends, do not blame the offenders, respect your parents, give gifts even on fictitious holidays, always do kindness, dream about the future.
Tale about cases
In one unfamiliar city there lived nameless little people - cases. They were very similar to each other in that they often asked questions. And everyone who came to that city confused them.
And then one day they decided to get together and talk about how to live further...
- There is some difference in us! - said the first case. - Let's think... Who will say first?
- What can I say? - said the second case. - And so everything is clear.
- What exactly is clear to you? – asked the fourth.
- And what are you thinking about? – exclaimed the sixth.
- Not about anything, but about what? – corrected the fifth.
- Why all these disputes? - responded the third. - This way we will all just quarrel. Have you noticed, friends, that each of us constantly asks the same question?
“It’s true,” said the first case. I love asking questions especially about people's names WHO? Ira, WHO? Sasha, and WHAT else? car, WHAT? book.
“So let’s call it nominative,” suggested the sixth case.
- Why did they give him the name first? – the second case was offended. – Who was the first to come up with the idea of naming everyone?
- Well, since you had this idea, then call yourself a PARENT. And take your questions WHO? WHAT?
- Yes, the Nominative was given a name and the Parent was also given a name... and what do they only teach you at school? – the third case was offended.
“Don’t be offended,” the sixth case reassured him. - We’ll give it to you too, you will be our DATIVE, and your questions will be TO WHOM? WHAT?
The Dative case was delighted and immediately shouted:
-Who else has a name?
- WHOM? WHAT? – suddenly the fourth case got scared. He did not have his own questions, and he preferred to remain silent because he considered himself guilty.
- Why shout like that? – the Genitive case was indignant. – He has appropriated other people’s questions for himself, and he is even indignant... You will be GUILTY with us, so that others will be discouraged.
- And WHAT do you reproach a person with? – the fifth case was indignant. – There must be a creative approach to everything.
- What are the friends arguing about? - said the sixth case. - Create to your health and be called CREATIVE.
All five cases were happy about their new names and only the sixth case was sad, because it was he who suggested their new names to his friends, and he himself was left with nothing.
- I had an idea! – shouted the Parent. “We need to give the sixth one a name.”
- Not a title, but a name, Nominative corrected.
- We need to approach this creatively! - said Creative.
And the Accusative case said: - Let it be called the PREPOSITIONAL case, because he suggested our names.
- WHAT are you talking about, friends? – Prepositional case asked quietly.
- Not ABOUT WHAT, but ABOUT WHOM? – five cases answered him in unison.
Fairy tale "Brothers - cases" Prepared by: Dzyoma Tatyana Vasilievna – primary school teacher Secondary school No. 32 With. Novoishimka
Once upon a time there were 6 brothers, 6 cases.
U Nominative always everything EAT. He said: “I have EAT Who? or What? " A Genitive was greedy. And he always said: “I have NO neither Whom? and neither What? " A Dative He was kind and always gave everything to everyone. All you could hear everywhere was: “ GIVE To whom? or Why? ». Accusative I always saw everything. And he told everyone: “I I SEE Whom? or What? " Brother Instrumental I was always happy with everything. All you could hear was: “I SATISFIED By whom? or How? " A Prepositional I always thought about everyone. And he said: “I THINK about whom? or about what? ».
The brothers had friends - excuses that were always there for them.
In the Genitive - with, from, to, from, without, at, for about ,
In the Dative - to, by ,
In Accusative - in, on, for, about, through ,
In the Creative - with, behind, under, over, between ,
At Prelozhny - about, about, in, on, on, at .
And only Brother Nominative had no friends as excuses. Everyone told him: “How can you live without friends?” And he answered: “I already HAVE everything, I feel so good!” .
But one day brother Nominative lost. And since he had no friends, the Case brothers went to look for him. So they gathered at the house where my brother lived Nominative and steel think about where they can look for a brother.
- He left from at home, says Parent.
- A To who could he go to? - asks the Dative.
-He probably went on “I was looking for friends and got lost,” answered Accusative.
- He's probably wandering alone now, between trees, poor fellow! - says Brother Creative.
- We must take care O him! - said Preposition.
And they went into the forest to look for their brother. We looked for him for a long time in the terrible dense forest, and finally found him!
Their joy knew no bounds!
And Brother Nominative was also delighted with them. He said: “I may not have excuse friends, but I have the best brothers in the world! And we will always be inseparable!”
They all went home together and began to live and serve people!
That's the end of the fairy tales, and whoever listened – WELL DONE!!!
Linguistic fairy tale “Cases” Completed by: Ivan Dydykin, student of 4th grade, MBOU “Secondary School No. 10”, r.p. Hydroturf, Balakhninsky district, Nizhny Novgorod region Leader: Nikitina Larisa Vladimirovna, primary school teacher. 2016
Cases. In some secondary school, in some 4th grade, it is very important that cases are located in the table above the school board. We positioned ourselves as we had always been accustomed to, one below the other, asking questions. The Nominative case stood majestically on the top line. It is also called straight. It was followed by indirect cases. Every day they calmly looked at the children as they did their exercises, reminding them how to change parts of speech according to cases. One day the Nominative case looked into the notebook of the girl Masha, who was sitting on the first desk by the window. He saw how she carefully wrote out sentences: “The long-awaited spring has come! The sun is shining brightly, the birds are chirping.” So the girl began to determine the cases of nouns and it turned out that they were all in the nominative case! The nominative case perked up and looked around: “I, I alone, he thought, can make up a whole story! How did I not notice this before?! But His Majesty the Russian language himself calls me direct and nominative! And I stand on the very top line of the case table! At the very top of the hierarchical ladder! It is I who name everything around, that is, I give a Name! "Who?" So what?" around me, only I decide! How sorry I am for my useless indirect brothers! They should have addressed me as “Your Majesty” a long time ago! Take, for example, the Genitive case - “There is no one?” What?" Yes, he directly says that he simply does not exist! Or Accusative case - “I see who? What?" He himself recognizes his guilt, repeating my same question “What?”
No, no, no, I can positively easily do without indirect cases!” The nominative case got so carried away and did not notice what it had been saying out loud for a long time. And the other cases heard his entire monologue, everything from the Genitive to the Prepositional. They listened, and there was no end to their indignation. Finally, the limit of patience came, and they spoke. The Dative case began first: “We would like to give you a lesson.” “We’ll leave you and leave you alone,” the genitive continued. “And you think about this,” the Instrumental case said. “Yes, we should think about the current situation,” Predlozhny supported him. After these words, the table of cases magically changed. Now it showed one Nominative case. But he was not afraid. On the contrary, it seemed to him that he had become even more eminent: “After all, His Majesty the Russian language Himself calls all words that appear in the nominative case in a sentence the main ones! I can handle it!” bravely Nominative case. Meanwhile, something was happening in the classroom. He noticed how excited the girl Masha, the one who wrote about spring, became worried. Her next sentence, “No more snow and blizzards,” naturally transformed into “No more snow and blizzards.” “How, does spring turn into winter?”, The nominative case guessed that it was its cowardly brother, the Genitive case, running away, taking with it the auxiliary word “no” and the questions “Who?” and what?" He wondered how to help the girl, but then he noticed that another student, Katya, was confused. Her sentence, “I give my dog a bone,” became, “My dog a bone.” This Dative case took away the auxiliary word “I give” and the questions “To whom?” and “What?” And the Accusative case so cleverly hid its questions “Who?” and “What?” that the word “bone” in this sentence became the main member - the predicate. Petya, who was sitting next to him, had a sentence: “I’m proud of you, Motherland!” turned into “I, Motherland,
You!". The instrumental case took away the auxiliary word “I’m proud” and the questions “Who?” and “What?” The nominative case was no longer in doubt, and the same is true with the Prepositional case. He looked into one of the notebooks. Right before his eyes, the sentence “Let's talk about the end” changed into one fatal word, “The End.” “Yes, this is the end! The finale of my greatness! ”, thought the Nominative case. At this very time, suddenly, right above itself, the Nominative case saw a bright cloud, in the center of which was His Majesty the Russian language. He was surrounded by the closest courtiers - Lexis, Phonetics, Grammar, Spelling and Morphology. The nominative case is numb and numb. He did not expect such quick reprisals against himself. “Your Majesty,” he whispered and lowered his head. “I will not allow anyone to spoil the Russian language - the heritage we received from our ancestors!” I heard the Nominative case above me. “I demand that you treat me with respect. Don't you see all the richness, richness and beauty of the Russian language? I could punish you, but honey! Think about it, why?! When the cloud melted, Nominative noticed a slight disturbance in the class, but it subsided. He looked around - in the table, each case again took its place, in the students’ notebooks there was complete order: nouns and adjectives associated with them were in the right cases. Life returned to normal. How wonderful it was!
TALE–GAME ABOUT CASES
One girl went into the forest to pick berries and got lost. The girl’s name was Anyuta, and she was in second grade, so she didn’t cry, but, tightly grasping the handle of her basket of berries, she walked straight, without turning anywhere.
She walked and walked and came to some amazing village. There were only three streets in it, which were called Declensions. Yes, that’s how they were called unusually: First declension, Second declension And Third declension.
On each street there were six identical houses, and funny little people lived in each one.
The girl decided to walk along the first street and take a closer look at all the houses and people. I approached the first house and saw a strange name on the sign "Nominative". Before the girl had time to be surprised, a little man leaned out of the window, looked at the girl and sharply asked:
- Who is this?
Then he turned his gaze to the basket.
- What is this? – Nominative asked again.
- I’m Anyuta, and this is a basket. Can you tell me how to find the way to the village?
However, the strange little man only restlessly repeated:
- Who is this? What is this? Who is this? What is this?
“I’m Anyuta, this is a basket,” Anyuta answered patiently again and again. Finally, she realized that there would be no point here, and knocked on the next house, which had a name on it "Genitive".
A frightened little man looked out and started babbling:
- There is no one! There is nothing!
“I don’t need anything,” the girl reassured him. - Come on, I’ll treat you to strawberries, since you have nothing.
The little man happily ate the berries, but he couldn’t help Anyuta either. Only when he realized that the girl was already leaving did he babble pitifully:
- No one? - No Anyuta. No what? - There is no basket or berries.
From the next house there was a delicious smell of pies, and on the nameplate it was written - "Dative".
A man named Dative turned out to be the most hospitable. He invited Anyuta into the house, sat her down at the table and treated her to tea and pies. Moreover, he put a few more pies in the basket “on the path” and just kept saying:
- I give it to whom? I give it to Anyuta. I give to what? I give it to the basket.
The girl's mood improved, and she, humming, went to the next house.
– Accusative,– Anyuta read the name plate.
At first she didn’t see the man named Accusative, but she heard - there was a crash in the house from the fall, and then muttering:
- Blame who? I blame the girl! Blame what? I blame the basket!
And only after that a dissatisfied face appeared in the window. It turned out that the little man wanted to get a better look at the girl with the basket, but slipped and fell.
“Okay, don’t be upset,” Anyuta consoled him after introducing herself.
She treated the little man to a pie and strawberries and tried to find out if he had heard of her village. The little man grew brighter and chirped:
- I see who? I see Anyuta! I see what? I see a village!
He pointed to the end of the street and slammed the window.
There was no one in the next house, and Anyuta, waiting for the owner, began to study the name plate.
– Instrumental,- she read.
Then she heard the sound of an ax in the courtyard of the house. Anyuta looked through the gate and politely said hello. But the little man continued to enthusiastically hew the huge log.
Finally he stopped and said:
- Who is building the house? What is the house being built with?
- By whom? How? – asked Anyuta.
- By whom? Master. How? “With an axe,” the little man answered with pleasure and went back to work.
- I create by whom? I create with what? - Anyuta imitated him offendedly, - but he doesn’t know where the village is! – and walked on, never receiving any attention from the little man.
Prepositional sat in a chair by the window and thoughtfully looked out onto the street.
“Hello,” Anyuta said politely.
But the little man didn’t answer her and continued to look ahead.
- This is rude! – the girl was offended.
- Is it polite to interfere? – the little man suddenly spoke.
“You’re not doing anything, so how did I bother you?” – Anyuta was perplexed.
She was already angry with these stupid little people who kept repeating their strange questions, and it seemed that none of them wanted to help her.
“I’m busy, I think,” Preposition answered with dignity.
- About what?
– Who am I thinking about? I think about the girl Anyuta. Think about what? I'm thinking about the road to your village.
- So you know which path leads to my village! – Anyuta was delighted.
“I know, this one,” said the little man and pointed to the path passing by his house.
- Thank you! – the girl thanked him and, unable to resist, added, “but still, you are strange little people.”
- We are not little men, we are cases. When the school year begins, we will follow this path to your school and get to know you and your friends better.
“Okay, we’ll be waiting for you,” Anyuta said and ran home cheerfully.
The prepositional case thoughtfully looked after her and muttered:
– Who am I thinking about? About Anyuta... What am I thinking about? About school …