Lomonosov created spiritual odes as philosophical works. In them the poet translated the Psalter, but only those psalms that were close to his feelings. At the same time, Lomonosov was attracted not by the religious content of spiritual chants, but by the opportunity to use the plots of the psalms to express thoughts and feelings of a philosophical and partly personal nature. It is known that Lomonosov had to defend his views in a fierce struggle with pseudoscientists and religious fanatics. Therefore, in spiritual odes two main themes are developed - the imperfection of human society, on the one hand, and on the other, the greatness of nature. Lomonosov sees that he lives in an evil world, that he is surrounded by enemies - petty flatterers, intriguers, self-interested people who were jealous of his genius:
The tongue of enemies speaks lies,
Their right hand is strong in enmity,
The lips are full of vanity;
Hides an evil cob in the heart.
And yet he does not lose heart, but hopes to overcome evil, because the poet is behind truth and justice. In Lomonosov, the personal theme rises to a general philosophical generalization - man fights evil everywhere. In his spiritual odes, Lomonosov is delighted with the greatness of nature and at the same time experiences “pyitic horror” in front of it. These two feelings - acuteness and sacred awe - give rise to “soaring thoughts.” The poet strives to comprehend the inner harmony of nature and bows before its power. He wants to understand the laws of nature:
Who held the sea with shores
And he put a limit to the abyss,
And her fierce waves
Didn’t he tell you to strive?
In “Morning Reflection on God’s Majesty,” Lomonosov captured in a visible picture the sun, which appeared to the gaze of a person looking at him point-blank:
There the fiery shafts strive and do not find the shores;
Fiery whirlwinds swirl there,
Fighting for many centuries;
There the stones, like water, boil,
The burning rains there are noisy.
The spontaneous dialectic in this description manifested itself with amazing force. The stringing of contrasting comparisons of the smallest and the grandest conveys the hyperbolism of the experiences of a person amazed by the harmony and spontaneous creative power of nature:
A grain of sand like in sea waves,
How small is the spark in the eternal ice,
Like fine dust in a strong whirlwind,
In a fire as fierce as a feather,
So I am deep in this abyss,
I'm lost, tired of thoughts!
But, experiencing delight and sacred horror, Lomonosov, in the spirit of the age of enlightenment, portrays man not as a powerless contemplator, depressed and wilted. In the Spiritual Odes there is a different theme: man is given reason, thought, and he wants to penetrate the secrets of nature. When Lomonosov wrote “I’m at a loss, tired of thoughts!”, he did not mean the confusion of a person who had given up, but the insufficiency of knowledge to explain the omnipotence of nature. He is “tired of thoughts” because he firmly believes in the knowability of the world, but still cannot comprehend the laws of the Universe with a bright mind. The poet is constantly attracted by the pathos of knowledge:
Creator, covered in darkness for me
Forgive the rays of wisdom
And anything in front of you
Always teach to create...
The power of a bright mind is undeniable for Lomonosov both in the future and in living modernity. The poet never tired of advocating for serious research and the development of education. The scientist dedicated inspired poetic works to the successes of domestic and world science. Genuine joy and pride sparkle in the “Letter on the Benefits of Glass.” This epistole, belonging to the genre of “didactic poetry,” becomes a laudatory ode to glass, the natural properties of which were revealed thanks to the successes of scientists, and glass acts as evidence of the victory of science over nature. It is not a dry treatise on the properties of glass, but the excitement of a poet-scientist that embodies the lines of this work. Lomonosov conveys the pathos of scientific discoveries and admiration for their practical results. He is not interested in the presentation of scientific theories, although the poet does not avoid the traditions of his time, but in the poetic side of science - inspired creativity and flights of fancy, giving a person enjoyment of the riches of nature and the opportunity to use them wisely. It is noteworthy that Derzhavin’s ode “God” also glorifies the power of the human mind. Lomonosov! This is who became for Derzhavin a true example of a poet! While serving in the Preobrazhensky Regiment, the young poet tried to create odes similar to Lomonosov’s, but following Lomonosov’s poetic rules was not so easy: Derzhavin kept interjecting colloquial words into the sublime syllable of the work dedicated to the solemn event, and the “lofty” required for the ode calm" was breaking up. Having inherited from Lomonosov the civic pathos and breadth of poetic horizons, Derzhavin enriched the ode with a combination of sublime style with lyricism and satire, introduced rural and urban landscapes into poetry, and managed to see the beautiful in the ordinary. Derzhavin considered the ode “God” to be his highest creation. She made a stunning impression on her contemporaries: for the first time in Russian poetry, the endless spiritual world of a mere mortal was expressed so grandiosely and so soulfully and poignantly. To use Lomonosov's word, these verses glorified the “God's majesty” in man. They are based on a thought too proud not to be blasphemous. It is no coincidence that the ode “God” caused protests from churchmen. This poem has been translated into many languages of the world. Without faces, in three faces of deity, Derzhavin explained: “The author, in addition to the theological concept of our Orthodox faith, meant here three metaphysical faces, i.e.: infinite space, continuous life in the movement of matter and the endless flow of time, which God combines in himself "
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- M. Yu. Lermontov lived and worked during the years of the most severe political reaction that set in in Russia after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising. The loss of his mother at an early age and the poet’s very personality accompanied the exacerbation in his consciousness of the tragic imperfection of the world. Throughout his short but fruitful life he was lonely. Lermontov's lyrical hero is a proud, lonely person opposed to the world and society. Lermontov’s lyrics expressed protest against internal and external [...]
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Not everyone knows that the luminary of science of the 18th century, Mikhail Lomonosov, was also a good poet. The fact that a person can be a genius in such different areas is nothing short of admirable. He mainly wrote civic and political lyrics.
The work “On the Day of the Accession of Elizabeth Petrovna” belongs to the genre of ode. The solemn tone of the entire poem corresponds to the genre. The author praises the great queen and even gives her advice.
The ode begins with the glorification of the peace that was achieved thanks to the coming of Elizabeth Petrovna to the reign. The author calls this time “beloved silence.” The wars that Russia so often waged subsided, and the people were able to breathe easy. Peaceful times gave a feeling of bliss to the villages and protection to the cities.
In the ode, the author praises not only Elizabeth, but also Peter I. He is presented as an ideal ruler who brought Russia out of a state of barbarism with new reforms. Peter is warlike, unlike Elizabeth, but military victories brought glory to him and the state. Thus, Lomonosov takes a philosophical approach to the topic of war and peace.
In the poem, Lomonosov not only praises the queen’s humanity, but also gives her instructions. As a scientist, he wants to see his country enlightened, and for this the ruler must be enlightened himself and contribute to the development of culture and science. By resorting to the image of Peter, the author seems to be hinting to the queen that she should follow the example of her father, who always supported science.
Descriptions of Russia's natural resources are of great importance: high mountains, wide fields, deep rivers. They all contain secrets that only an enlightened mind can reveal. That is why the country needs educated people so much. Lomonosov confidently says that there are many capable individuals on Russian soil who simply need help to take off. And this is one of the tasks of a wise monarch.
The author said a lot of clever words in the ode about the importance and necessity of science. Lomonosov proves that science is necessary for everyone: both young people and old people. In youth, it helps to find oneself, understand the world, and in old age it gives joy. Knowledge can decorate a happy life and protect you in difficult cases. Science can be a joy in household chores, and not a hindrance in travel. Both among people and alone, a person needs science.
Lomonosov was so sensitive to enlightenment not only because he himself was a scientist, but because he believed that knowledge influences the human soul. After all, knowledge expands human horizons and shows the right path. A person who does not have knowledge is boring even to himself. This is why it is so important to strive to become educated.
The ode not only praises Elizabeth, it also contains wise advice. The author turns to the queen, gives her instructions on how to become even better. The instructions of the Great Scientist are useful not only to rulers, but also to ordinary people.
This poem is a wise message that Mikhail Lomonosov left for the queen, his contemporaries and future generations.
The work that we will consider has a longer and more meaningful title: “Ode on the day of the accession to the All-Russian Throne of Her Majesty Empress Elizabeth Petrovna 1747.” It was written in honor of the most important holiday for the entire country. In this article we will look at what I wanted to say in my own - “Ode on the Day of Ascension”. A summary and analysis of this work will help us understand the scientist’s message. So let's get started.
Lomonosov, “Ode on the Day of Ascension.” Summary
In his work, the author glorifies the greatness of Russia, the riches of its lands and seas, happy villages, strong cities, and harvests. Then he moves on to the image of Elizabeth. Lomonosov describes her as beautiful, kind, generous, calm, having ended the war on Russian soil. He says that science is developing in peaceful Russia, and good times have come. All this is described using various metaphors and others with which Lomonosov’s ode “On the Day of Ascension” is full.
In the last part he returns to the “source of mercy” - Elizabeth. Lomonosov calls her the angel of peaceful years. He says that the Almighty protects and blesses her.
Analysis of M. V. Lomonosov’s ode on the day of the accession of Empress Elisaveta Petrovna
As readers have probably noticed, the author praises the empress for peacetime. However, it was not like that. This was the only way he tried to convey to the empress his opinion that Russia had enough of fighting, a lot of blood had been shed, it was time to enjoy peace.
Why is he writing about this? At that time, the question arose about whether Russia would participate in the war along with the countries that fought against France and Prussia. The author, like many others, is against this. He wants Russia to develop. Therefore, it can be said that his laudatory ode is political in nature, his own program for peace.
Nevertheless, the empress had merit. She began to conduct peace negotiations with Sweden. Lomonosov did not forget to note this moment in his song of praise (“Ode on the Day of Ascension”). The summary shows us how a scientist and writer praises Elizabeth for the development of science. This is due to the fact that in 1747 the Empress increased the amount of funds for the needs of the Academy. After this act, his famous ode was written by the scientist.
Techniques used in the work
The main literary device used in the ode is metaphor. Thanks to her, Lomonosov manages to beautifully exalt his country, its ruler, and call for peace and development. He calls peacetime beloved silence, war - fiery sounds.
Comparisons are also found in the work: “the soul of her marshmallow is quieter,” “the vision is more beautiful than paradise.”
Thanks to personification, Lomonosov animates various phenomena: “be silent... sounds”, “whirlwinds, do not dare to roar”, “Mars was afraid”, “Neptune was imagining”.
Why did the author choose such a genre as ode for his work?
Lomonosov was a true patriot of his country. He praised her in every possible way, rooted for her with all his soul. Many of his works were written in the genre of ode. This is due to the fact that this genre allowed him to glorify everything that seemed significant to him. After all, “ode” is translated from Greek as “song”. This genre helped Lomonosov use a majestic style and artistic techniques. Thanks to him, he was able to convey his view of the development of Russia. At the same time, he maintained the classicistic rigor of the language in his “Ode on the Day of Ascension.” The summary shows us how important the author was able to touch upon in his ode. Another genre would hardly have given him the opportunity to so eloquently convey his ideas and views to the ruler.
Conclusion
We have examined one of the best literary works written by M.V. Lomonosov - “Ode on the day of Elizabeth Petrovna’s accession to the throne.” The summary showed what topics the author touched upon, how he conveyed them, and what significance they had. We learned that Lomonosov was a patriot. He wanted the ruler Elizabeth to continue the work of her father: to engage in education and science.
We learned that the scientist and writer was against war and the shedding of blood. With the written ode, he managed to convey his views on the desired future of Russia to the empress herself. Thus, he wrote this work not just in honor of the annual celebration of the empress’s accession to the throne. To them, Lomonosov conveyed to the ruler his vision of the country's development.
Lomonosov created spiritual odes as philosophical works. In them the poet translated the Psalter, but only those psalms that were close to his feelings. At the same time, Lomonosov was attracted not by the religious content of spiritual chants, but by the opportunity to use the plots of the psalms to express thoughts and feelings of a philosophical and partly personal nature. It is known that Lomonosov had to defend his views in a fierce struggle with pseudoscientists and religious fanatics. Therefore, in spiritual odes two main themes are developed - the imperfection of human society, on the one hand, and on the other, the greatness of nature. Lomonosov sees that he lives in an evil world, that he is surrounded by enemies - petty flatterers, intriguers, self-interested people who were jealous of his genius:
The tongue of enemies speaks lies, Their right hand is strong in enmity, Their lips are full of vanity; Hides an evil cob in the heart.And yet he does not lose heart, but hopes to overcome evil, because behind the poet is truth and justice. In Lomonosov, the personal theme rises to a general philosophical generalization - man fights evil everywhere. In his spiritual odes, Lomonosov is delighted with the greatness of nature and at the same time experiences “pyitic horror” in front of it. These two feelings - acuteness and sacred awe - give rise to “soaring thoughts.” The poet strives to comprehend the inner harmony of nature and bows before its power. He wants to understand the laws of nature:
Who held the sea with its shores, And set a limit to the abyss, And did not command it to strive with its fierce waves?In “Morning Reflection on God’s Majesty,” Lomonosov captured in a visible picture the sun, which appeared to the gaze of a person looking at him point-blank:
There the fiery shafts strive and do not find the shores; There fiery whirlwinds spin, Fighting for many centuries; There the stones boil like water, the burning rains there make noise.The spontaneous dialectic in this description manifested itself with amazing force. The stringing of contrasting comparisons of the smallest and the grandest conveys the hyperbolism of the experiences of a person amazed by the harmony and spontaneous creative power of nature:
A grain of sand is like in sea waves, How small a spark is in eternal ice, Like fine dust in a strong whirlwind, In fire as fierce as a feather, So I, deep in this abyss, am lost, tired of thoughts!But, experiencing delight and sacred horror, Lomonosov, in the spirit of the age of enlightenment, portrays man not as a powerless contemplator, depressed and wilted. In the Spiritual Odes there is a different theme: man is given reason, thought, and he wants to penetrate the secrets of nature. When Lomonosov wrote “I’m at a loss, tired of thoughts!”, he did not mean the confusion of a person who had given up, but the insufficiency of knowledge to explain the omnipotence of nature. He is “tired of thoughts” because he firmly believes in the knowability of the world, but still cannot comprehend the laws of the Universe with a bright mind. The poet is constantly attracted by the pathos of knowledge:
Creator, to me covered in darkness, forgive the rays of wisdom and always teach me to do anything before you...The power of a bright mind is undeniable for Lomonosov both in the future and in living modernity. The poet never tired of advocating for serious research and the development of education. The scientist dedicated inspired poetic works to the successes of domestic and world science. Genuine joy and pride sparkle in the “Letter on the Benefits of Glass.” This epistole, belonging to the genre of “didactic poetry,” becomes a laudatory ode to glass, the natural properties of which were revealed thanks to the successes of scientists, and glass acts as evidence of the victory of science over nature. It is not a dry treatise on the properties of glass, but the excitement of a poet-scientist that embodies the lines of this work. Lomonosov conveys the pathos of scientific discoveries and admiration for their practical results. He is not interested in the presentation of scientific theories, although the poet does not avoid the traditions of his time, but in the poetic side of science - inspired creativity and flights of fancy, giving a person enjoyment of the riches of nature and the opportunity to use them wisely. It is noteworthy that Derzhavin’s ode “God” also glorifies the power of the human mind. Lomonosov! This is who became for Derzhavin a true example of a poet! While serving in the Preobrazhensky Regiment, the young poet tried to create odes similar to Lomonosov’s, but following Lomonosov’s poetic rules was not so easy: into the sublime syllable of the work dedicated to the solemn event, Derzhavin continually burst into colloquial words, and the “lofty” required for the ode calm" was breaking up. Having inherited from Lomonosov the civic pathos and breadth of poetic horizons, Derzhavin enriched the ode with a combination of sublime style with lyricism and satire, introduced rural and urban landscapes into poetry, and managed to see the beautiful in the ordinary. Derzhavin considered the ode “God” to be his highest creation. She made a stunning impression on her contemporaries: for the first time in Russian poetry, the endless spiritual world of a mere mortal was expressed so grandiosely and so sincerely and poignantly. To use Lomonosov's word, these verses glorified the “God's majesty” in man. They are based on a thought too proud not to be blasphemous. It is no coincidence that the ode “God” caused protests from churchmen. This poem has been translated into many languages of the world. Without faces, in three faces of deity, Derzhavin explained: “The author, in addition to the theological concept of our Orthodox faith, meant here three metaphysical faces, i.e.: infinite space, continuous life in the movement of matter and the endless flow of time, which God combines in himself "