High School Physics Curriculum. For physics teachers: Approximate basic educational program of basic general education

The register of exemplary programs is a state information system, which is maintained on electronic media and operates in accordance with unified organizational, methodological, software and technical principles that ensure its compatibility and interaction with other state information systems and information and telecommunication networks. (Part 10 of Article 12 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, No. 53, Art. 7598; 2013, No. 19, Art. 2326).

According to Part 10 of Article 12 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation,” Exemplary basic educational programs are included in the register of exemplary basic educational programs.

At the moment, the registry contains the Approximate basic educational program of basic general education.

Planned results of students mastering the basic educational program of basic general education in the subject “Physics” - page 120;

POOP LLC

SUBJECT RESULTS

1.2.5.10. Physics

The graduate will learn:

comply with safety and labor protection rules when working with educational and laboratory equipment;
understand the meaning of basic physical terms: physical body, physical phenomenon, physical quantity, units of measurement;
recognize problems that can be solved using physical methods; analyze individual stages of research and interpret the results of observations and experiments;
conduct experiments to study physical phenomena or physical properties of bodies without using direct measurements; at the same time formulate the problem/task of the educational experiment; assemble the installation from the proposed equipment; conduct experiments and formulate conclusions;

Note: When conducting research into physical phenomena, measuring instruments are used only as sensors for measuring physical quantities. In this case, recording of direct measurement readings is not required.

understand the role of experiment in obtaining scientific information;
carry out direct measurements of physical quantities: time, distance, body weight, volume, force, temperature, atmospheric pressure, air humidity, voltage, current, background radiation (using a dosimeter); at the same time, choose the optimal measurement method and use the simplest methods for assessing measurement errors;

Note. Any curriculum must ensure mastery of direct measurements of all of the listed physical quantities.

conduct a study of the dependencies of physical quantities using direct measurements: at the same time, design an installation, record the results of the obtained dependence of physical quantities in the form of tables and graphs, draw conclusions based on the results of the study;
carry out indirect measurements of physical quantities: when performing measurements, assemble an experimental setup, following the proposed instructions, calculate the value of the quantity and analyze the results obtained, taking into account the specified measurement accuracy;
analyze situations of a practice-oriented nature, recognize in them the manifestation of the studied physical phenomena or patterns and apply existing knowledge to explain them;
understand the principles of operation of machines, instruments and technical devices, the conditions for their safe use in everyday life;
use popular scientific literature about physical phenomena, reference materials, and Internet resources when performing educational tasks.

realize the value of scientific research, the role of physics in expanding ideas about the world around us and its contribution to improving the quality of life;
compare the accuracy of measurement of physical quantities by the value of their relative error when performing direct measurements;
independently carry out indirect measurements and studies of physical quantities using various methods of measuring physical quantities, select measuring instruments taking into account the required measurement accuracy, justify the choice of a measurement method adequate to the task, assess the reliability of the results obtained;
perceive information of physical content in popular scientific literature and the media, critically evaluate the information received, analyzing its content and data about the source of information;
create your own written and oral reports about physical phenomena based on several sources of information, accompany the speech with a presentation, taking into account the characteristics of the peer audience.

Mechanical phenomena

The graduate will learn:

recognize mechanical phenomena and explain, on the basis of existing knowledge, the basic properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: uniform and uneven motion, uniform and uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion, relativity of mechanical motion, free fall of bodies, uniform motion in a circle, inertia, interaction of bodies, reactive motion, transmission pressure by solids, liquids and gases, atmospheric pressure, floating of bodies, equilibrium of solids with a fixed axis of rotation, oscillatory motion, resonance, wave motion (sound);
describe the studied properties of bodies and mechanical phenomena using physical quantities: path, displacement, speed, acceleration, period of revolution, body mass, density of matter, force (gravity, elastic force, friction force), pressure, momentum of the body, kinetic energy, potential energy, mechanical work, mechanical power, efficiency when performing work using a simple mechanism, friction force, amplitude, period and frequency of oscillations, wavelength and speed of its propagation; when describing, correctly interpret the physical meaning of the quantities used, their designations and units of measurement, find formulas connecting a given physical quantity with other quantities, calculate the value of a physical quantity;
analyze the properties of bodies, mechanical phenomena and processes using physical laws: the law of conservation of energy, the law of universal gravitation, the principle of superposition of forces (finding the resultant force), Newton’s I, II and III laws, the law of conservation of momentum, Hooke’s law, Pascal’s law, Archimedes’ law ; at the same time, distinguish between the verbal formulation of the law and its mathematical expression;
distinguish the main features of the studied physical models: material point, inertial frame of reference;
solve problems using physical laws (the law of conservation of energy, the law of universal gravitation, the principle of superposition of forces, Newton’s I, II and III laws, the law of conservation of momentum, Hooke’s law, Pascal’s law, Archimedes’ law) and formulas relating physical quantities (path, speed , acceleration, body mass, density of matter, force, pressure, body momentum, kinetic energy, potential energy, mechanical work, mechanical power, efficiency of a simple mechanism, sliding friction force, friction coefficient, amplitude, period and frequency of oscillations, wavelength and speed its distribution): based on the analysis of the problem conditions, write down a brief condition, highlight the physical quantities, laws and formulas necessary to solve it, carry out calculations and evaluate the reality of the obtained value of the physical quantity.

The graduate will have the opportunity to learn:

use knowledge about mechanical phenomena in everyday life to ensure safety when handling instruments and technical devices, to maintain health and comply with environmental standards; give examples of the practical use of physical knowledge about mechanical phenomena and physical laws; examples of the use of renewable energy sources; environmental consequences of space exploration;
distinguish the limits of applicability of physical laws, understand the universal nature of fundamental laws (the law of conservation of mechanical energy, the law of conservation of momentum, the law of universal gravitation) and the limitations of the use of particular laws (Hooke’s law, Archimedes, etc.);
find a physical model adequate to the proposed problem, solve the problem both on the basis of existing knowledge in mechanics using mathematical tools, and using evaluation methods.

Thermal phenomena

The graduate will learn:

recognize thermal phenomena and explain, on the basis of existing knowledge, the main properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: diffusion, change in the volume of bodies during heating (cooling), high compressibility of gases, low compressibility of liquids and solids; thermal equilibrium, evaporation, condensation, melting, crystallization, boiling, air humidity, various methods of heat transfer (thermal conduction, convection, radiation), aggregative states of matter, energy absorption during liquid evaporation and its release during steam condensation, dependence of boiling point on pressure;
describe the studied properties of bodies and thermal phenomena using physical quantities: amount of heat, internal energy, temperature, specific heat capacity of a substance, specific heat of fusion, specific heat of vaporization, specific heat of combustion of fuel, efficiency of a heat engine; when describing, correctly interpret the physical meaning of the quantities used, their designations and units of measurement, find formulas connecting a given physical quantity with other quantities, calculate the value of a physical quantity;
analyze the properties of bodies, thermal phenomena and processes, using the basic principles of the atomic-molecular theory of the structure of matter and the law of conservation of energy;
distinguish the main features of the studied physical models of the structure of gases, liquids and solids;
give examples of the practical use of physical knowledge about thermal phenomena;
solve problems using the law of conservation of energy in thermal processes and formulas relating physical quantities (amount of heat, temperature, specific heat capacity of a substance, specific heat of fusion, specific heat of vaporization, specific heat of combustion of fuel, efficiency of a heat engine): based on an analysis of the conditions The task is to write down a brief condition, identify physical quantities, laws and formulas necessary to solve it, carry out calculations and evaluate the reality of the obtained value of a physical quantity.

The graduate will have the opportunity to learn:

use knowledge about thermal phenomena in everyday life to ensure safety when handling instruments and technical devices, to maintain health and comply with environmental standards; give examples of the environmental consequences of the operation of internal combustion engines, thermal and hydroelectric power plants;
distinguish the limits of applicability of physical laws, understand the universal nature of fundamental physical laws (the law of conservation of energy in thermal processes) and the limitations of the use of particular laws;
find a physical model adequate to the proposed problem, solve the problem both on the basis of existing knowledge about thermal phenomena using mathematical tools, and using assessment methods.

Electrical and magnetic phenomena

The graduate will learn:

recognize electromagnetic phenomena and explain, on the basis of existing knowledge, the basic properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: electrification of bodies, interaction of charges, electric current and its effects (thermal, chemical, magnetic), interaction of magnets, electromagnetic induction, the effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor and on a moving charged particle, the effect of an electric field on a charged particle, electromagnetic waves, rectilinear propagation of light, reflection and refraction of light, dispersion of light;
draw up diagrams of electrical circuits with serial and parallel connection of elements, distinguishing the symbols of elements of electrical circuits (current source, switch, resistor, rheostat, light bulb, ammeter, voltmeter);
use optical circuits to construct images in a flat mirror and a collecting lens;
describe the studied properties of bodies and electromagnetic phenomena using physical quantities: electric charge, current, electric voltage, electrical resistance, resistivity of matter, electric field work, current power, focal length and optical power of the lens, speed of electromagnetic waves, wavelength and frequency Sveta; when describing, correctly interpret the physical meaning of the quantities used, their designations and units of measurement; find formulas connecting a given physical quantity with other quantities;
analyze the properties of bodies, electromagnetic phenomena and processes using physical laws: the law of conservation of electric charge, Ohm’s law for a section of a circuit, the Joule-Lenz law, the law of rectilinear propagation of light, the law of light reflection, the law of light refraction; at the same time, distinguish between the verbal formulation of the law and its mathematical expression.
give examples of the practical use of physical knowledge about electromagnetic phenomena;
solve problems using physical laws (Ohm's law for a circuit section, Joule-Lenz law, the law of rectilinear propagation of light, the law of light reflection, the law of light refraction) and formulas relating physical quantities (current strength, electrical voltage, electrical resistance, resistivity of a substance , work of the electric field, current power, focal length and optical power of the lens, speed of electromagnetic waves, wavelength and frequency of light, formulas for calculating electrical resistance for series and parallel connection of conductors): based on the analysis of the problem conditions, write down a brief condition, highlight physical quantities, laws and formulas necessary to solve it, carry out calculations and evaluate the reality of the obtained value of a physical quantity.

The graduate will have the opportunity to learn:

use knowledge about electromagnetic phenomena in everyday life to ensure safety when handling instruments and technical devices, to maintain health and comply with environmental standards; give examples of the influence of electromagnetic radiation on living organisms;
distinguish the limits of applicability of physical laws, understand the universal nature of fundamental laws (the law of conservation of electric charge) and the limitations of the use of particular laws (Ohm’s law for a section of a circuit, the Joule-Lenz law, etc.);
use techniques for constructing physical models, searching and formulating evidence for put forward hypotheses and theoretical conclusions based on empirically established facts;
find a physical model adequate to the proposed problem, solve the problem both on the basis of existing knowledge about electromagnetic phenomena using mathematical tools, and using assessment methods.

Quantum phenomena

The graduate will learn:

recognize quantum phenomena and explain, on the basis of existing knowledge, the basic properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: natural and artificial radioactivity, α-, β- and γ-radiation, the appearance of a line spectrum of atomic radiation;
describe the studied quantum phenomena using physical quantities: mass number, charge number, half-life, photon energy; when describing, correctly interpret the physical meaning of the quantities used, their designations and units of measurement; find formulas connecting a given physical quantity with other quantities, calculate the value of a physical quantity;
analyze quantum phenomena using physical laws and postulates: the law of conservation of energy, the law of conservation of electric charge, the law of conservation of mass number, patterns of radiation and absorption of light by an atom, while distinguishing between the verbal formulation of the law and its mathematical expression;
distinguish the main features of the planetary model of the atom, the nucleon model of the atomic nucleus;
give examples of the manifestation in nature and practical use of radioactivity, nuclear and thermonuclear reactions, spectral analysis.

The graduate will have the opportunity to learn:

use the acquired knowledge in everyday life when handling instruments and technical devices (ionizing particle counter, dosimeter), to maintain health and comply with environmental standards;
relate the binding energy of atomic nuclei to the mass defect;
give examples of the influence of radioactive radiation on living organisms; understand the principle of operation of the dosimeter and distinguish between the conditions of its use;
understand the environmental problems that arise when using nuclear power plants, and ways to solve these problems, the prospects for using controlled thermonuclear fusion.

Elements of astronomy

The graduate will learn:

indicate the names of the planets of the solar system; distinguish the main signs of the daily rotation of the starry sky, the movement of the Moon, Sun and planets relative to the stars;
understand the differences between the heliocentric and geocentric systems of the world.

The graduate will have the opportunity to learn:

indicate the general properties and differences between the terrestrial planets and the giant planets; small bodies of the solar system and large planets; use a star map when observing the starry sky;
distinguish the main characteristics of stars (size, color, temperature) correlate the color of a star with its temperature;
distinguish between hypotheses about the origin of the solar system.

2.2.2.10. Physics

Physics education in primary school should ensure the formation of students' ideas about the scientific picture of the world - an important resource of scientific and technological progress, familiarization of students with physical and astronomical phenomena, the basic principles of operation of mechanisms, high-tech devices and instruments, development of competencies in solving engineering, technical and scientific problems. -research tasks.

Mastering the academic subject “Physics” is aimed at developing students’ ideas about the structure, properties, laws of existence and movement of matter, at students mastering the general laws and patterns of natural phenomena, creating conditions for the formation of intellectual, creative, civil, communication, and information competencies. Students will master scientific methods for solving various theoretical and practical problems, the ability to formulate hypotheses, design, conduct experiments, evaluate and analyze the results obtained, and compare them with the objective realities of life.

The academic subject “Physics” helps students develop the skills to safely use laboratory equipment, conduct natural science research and experiments, analyze the results obtained, present and scientifically justify the conclusions obtained.

The study of the subject “Physics” in terms of developing a scientific worldview among students, mastering general scientific methods (observation, measurement, experiment, modeling), mastering the practical application of scientific knowledge of physics in life is based on interdisciplinary connections with the subjects: “Mathematics”, “Computer Science”, “ Chemistry”, “Biology”, “Geography”, “Ecology”, “Basics of life safety”, “History”, “Literature”, etc.

Physics and physical methods for studying nature

Physics is the science of nature. Physical bodies and phenomena. Observation and description of physical phenomena. Physical experiment. Modeling of natural phenomena and objects. Physical quantities and their measurement. Accuracy and error of measurements. International system of units. Physical laws and patterns. Physics and technology. Scientific method of knowledge. The role of physics in the formation of natural science literacy.

Mechanical phenomena

Mechanical movement. A material point as a model of a physical body. Relativity of mechanical motion. Reference system. Physical quantities necessary to describe movement and the relationship between them (path, displacement, speed, acceleration, time of movement). Uniform and uniformly accelerated linear motion. Uniform movement in a circle. Newton's first law and inertia. Body mass. Density of matter. Force. Units of force. Newton's second law. Newton's third law. Free fall of bodies. Gravity. The law of universal gravitation. Elastic force. Hooke's law. Body weight. Weightlessness. The relationship between gravity and body weight. Dynamometer. Resultant force. Friction force. Sliding friction. Rest friction. Friction in nature and technology.

Pulse. Law of conservation of momentum. Jet propulsion. Mechanical work. Power. Energy. Potential and kinetic energy. Conversion of one type of mechanical energy into another. Law of conservation of total mechanical energy.

Simple mechanisms. Equilibrium conditions for a rigid body with a fixed axis of motion. Moment of power. Center of gravity of the body. Lever arm. Balance of forces on the lever. Levers in technology, everyday life and nature. Movable and fixed blocks. Equality of work when using simple mechanisms (“Golden Rule of Mechanics”). Efficiency of the mechanism.

Pressure of solids. Pressure units. Ways to change pressure. Pressure of liquids and gases Pascal's law. The pressure of the liquid on the bottom and walls of the vessel. Communicating vessels. Air weight. Atmosphere pressure. Measuring atmospheric pressure. Torricelli's experience. Aneroid barometer. Atmospheric pressure at different altitudes. Hydraulic mechanisms (press, pump). The pressure of liquid and gas on a body immersed in them. Archimedes' power. Floating bodies and ships Aeronautics.

Mechanical vibrations. Period, frequency, amplitude of oscillations. Resonance. Mechanical waves in homogeneous media. Wavelength. Sound is like a mechanical wave. Volume and pitch of sound.

Thermal phenomena

Structure of matter. Atoms and molecules. Thermal movement of atoms and molecules. Diffusion in gases, liquids and solids. Brownian motion. Interaction (attraction and repulsion) of molecules. Aggregate states of matter. Differences in the structure of solids, liquids and gases.

Thermal equilibrium. Temperature. Relationship between temperature and the speed of chaotic movement of particles. Internal energy. Work and heat transfer as ways to change the internal energy of a body. Thermal conductivity. Convection. Radiation. Examples of heat transfer in nature and technology. Quantity of heat. Specific heat. Specific heat of combustion of fuel. The law of conservation and transformation of energy in mechanical and thermal processes. Melting and solidification of crystalline bodies. Specific heat of fusion. Evaporation and condensation. Energy absorption during liquid evaporation and its release during steam condensation. Boiling. Dependence of boiling temperature on pressure. Specific heat of vaporization and condensation. Air humidity. Gas work during expansion. Energy conversion in heat engines (steam turbine, internal combustion engine, jet engine). Efficiency of a heat engine. Environmental problems of using thermal machines.

Electromagnetic phenomena

Electrification of physical bodies. Interaction of charged bodies. Two types of electric charges. Divisibility of electric charge. Elementary electric charge. Law of conservation of electric charge. Conductors, semiconductors and insulators of electricity. Electroscope. Electric field as a special type of matter. Electric field strength. The effect of an electric field on electric charges. Capacitor. Electric field energy of a capacitor.

Electricity. Sources of electric current. Electric circuit and its components. Direction and effects of electric current. Electric charge carriers in metals. Current strength. Electrical voltage. Electrical resistance of conductors. Units of resistance.

Dependence of current on voltage. Ohm's law for a section of a circuit. Resistivity. Rheostats. Series connection of conductors. Parallel connection of conductors.

The work of an electric field to move electric charges. Electric current power. Heating of conductors by electric current. Joule-Lenz law. Electric heating and lighting devices. Short circuit.

A magnetic field. Magnetic field induction. Magnetic field of current. Oersted's experience. Magnetic field of permanent magnets. Earth's magnetic field. Electromagnet. Magnetic field of a current-carrying coil. Application of electromagnets. The effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor and a moving charged particle. Ampere force and Lorentz force. Electric motor. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. Faraday's experiments.

Electromagnetic vibrations. Oscillatory circuit. Electric generator. Alternating current. Transformer. Transfer of electrical energy over a distance. Electromagnetic waves and their properties. Principles of radio communications and television. The influence of electromagnetic radiation on living organisms.

Light - electromagnetic waves

Speed of light. Sources of light. Law of rectilinear propagation of light. Law of light reflection. Flat mirror. The law of light refraction. Lenses. Focal length and optical power of the lens. Image of an object in a mirror and lens. Optical instruments. The eye as an optical system. Dispersion of light. Interference and diffraction of light.

Quantum phenomena

The structure of atoms. Planetary model of the atom. The quantum nature of the absorption and emission of light by atoms. Line spectra.

Rutherford's experiments.

Composition of the atomic nucleus. Proton, neutron and electron. Einstein's law of proportionality between mass and energy. Mass defect and binding energy of atomic nuclei. Radioactivity. Half life. Alpha radiation. Beta radiation. Gamma radiation. Nuclear reactions. Sources of energy from the Sun and stars. Nuclear energy. Environmental problems of nuclear power plants. Dosimetry. The influence of radioactive radiation on living organisms.

Structure and evolution of the Universe

Geocentric and heliocentric systems of the world. The physical nature of the celestial bodies of the Solar System. Origin of the Solar System. Physical nature of the Sun and stars. The structure of the Universe. Evolution of the Universe. Big Bang hypothesis.

Sample topics for laboratory and practical work

Laboratory work (regardless of thematic affiliation) is divided into the following types:

Carrying out direct measurements of physical quantities.
Calculation based on the results of direct measurements of a parameter dependent on them (indirect measurements).
Observation of phenomena and conducting experiments (at a qualitative level) to detect factors influencing the occurrence of these phenomena.
Verification of given assumptions (direct measurements of physical quantities and comparison of given relationships between them).
Familiarity with technical devices and their design.

Any work program must include laboratory work of all specified types. The choice of topic and number of works of each type depends on the characteristics of the work program and teaching materials.

Carrying out direct measurements of physical quantities

Measuring body sizes.
Measuring the sizes of small bodies.
Measuring body weight.
Measuring body volume.
Strength measurement.
Measuring process time and oscillation period.
Temperature measurement.
Measuring the air pressure in the cylinder under the piston.
Current measurement and regulation.
Voltage measurement.
Measurement of angles of incidence and refraction.
Measuring the focal length of a lens.
Measurement of radioactive background.

Calculation based on the results of direct measurements of a parameter dependent on them (indirect measurements)

Measuring the density of a solid substance.
Determination of sliding friction coefficient.
Determination of spring stiffness.
Determination of the buoyant force acting on a body immersed in a liquid.
Determination of moment of force.
Measuring the speed of uniform motion.
Measuring average driving speed.
Measuring the acceleration of uniformly accelerated motion.
Definition of work and power.
Determination of the oscillation frequency of a load on a spring and thread.
Determination of relative humidity.
Determination of the amount of heat.
Determination of specific heat capacity.
Measurement of work and power of electric current.
Resistance measurement.
Determination of the optical power of a lens.
Study of the dependence of the buoyant force on the volume of the immersed part on the density of the liquid, its independence from the density and mass of the body.
Study of the dependence of friction force on the nature of the surface, its independence from area.

Observation of phenomena and conducting experiments (at a qualitative level) to detect factors influencing the occurrence of these phenomena

Observation of the dependence of the period of oscillation of a load on a thread on length and independence from mass.
Observation of the dependence of the period of oscillation of a load on a spring on mass and stiffness.
Observation of the dependence of gas pressure on volume and temperature.
Observation of the dependence of the temperature of cooling water on time.
Study of the phenomenon of interaction between a coil with current and a magnet.
Study of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
Observation of the phenomenon of reflection and refraction of light.
Observation of the dispersion phenomenon.
Detection of the dependence of the resistance of a conductor on its parameters and substance.
Study of the dependence of the weight of a body in a liquid on the volume of the immersed part.
Study of the dependence of one physical quantity on another, presenting the results in the form of a graph or table.
Study of the dependence of mass on volume.
Study of the dependence of the path on time during uniformly accelerated motion without an initial speed.
Study of the dependence of speed on time and distance during uniformly accelerated motion.
Study of the dependence of friction force on pressure force.
Study of the dependence of spring deformation on force.
Study of the dependence of the period of oscillation of a load on a thread on its length.
Study of the dependence of the period of oscillation of a load on a spring on stiffness and mass.
Study of the dependence of current through a conductor on voltage.
Study of the dependence of the current through a light bulb on voltage.
Study of the dependence of the angle of refraction on the angle of incidence.

Verification of given assumptions (direct measurements of physical quantities and comparison of given relationships between them). Testing hypotheses

Testing the hypothesis about the linear dependence of the length of a liquid column in a tube on temperature.
Testing the hypothesis that speed in uniformly accelerated motion is directly proportional to the distance traveled.
Hypothesis testing: when a light bulb and a conductor or two conductors are connected in series, the voltages cannot be added (possible).
Checking the rule for adding currents on two resistors connected in parallel.

Introduction to technical devices and their design

1. Design of an inclined plane with a given efficiency value.

2. Construction of a hydrometer and testing of its operation.

3. Assembling an electrical circuit and measuring the current in its various sections.

4. Assembling the electromagnet and testing its action.

5. Study of a DC electric motor (on a model).

6. Design of an electric motor.

7. Construction of a telescope model.

8. Construction of a boat model with a given carrying capacity.

9. Assessing your vision and selecting glasses.

10. Construction of a simple generator.

11. Study of image properties in lenses.

MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

SECONDARY SCHOOL No. 6 NAMED AFTER PODVOSKY

I APPROVED

School director __________ Chezlova O.A.

Order No. 01-08/ _______ dated 09/01/2016

SUBJECT PROGRAM OF BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION

IN PHYSICS

implementation period 3 years

(2016 - 2019)

Yaroslavl - 2016

1. EXPLANATORY NOTE

The subject program of the “Physics” curriculum (grades 7-9) is an integral part of the main educational program of the school; on its basis, a teacher’s work program is created.

The work program for the subject “Physics” is compiled on the basis of the following documents:

1. Federal Law “On Education” in the Russian Federation No. 273-FZ dated December 29, 2012.

2. Federal state educational standard of basic general education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated December 17, 2010 No. 1897. / Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. - 2nd ed. - M.: Education, 2013.

3. Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2014. No. 1644 “On amendments to the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated December 17, 2010. No. 1877 on approval of the Federal State Educational Standard of LLC.”

4. Approximate program in physics / Approximate basic educational program of basic general education // [Electronic resource] // Free access http://fgosreestr.ru.

5. OOP LLC MOU Secondary School No. 6 (approved by order of the director No. 01-08 / 80-07 dated August 25, 2015).

6. Curriculum of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 6.

Purpose of the program.

The subject program in physics ensures the gradual achievement of the planned results of mastering the Main Educational Program of the school, namely:

Ensuring the planned results for the graduate to achieve the target knowledge, abilities, skills, competencies and competencies determined by the personal, family, social, state needs and capabilities of the student, the individual characteristics of his development, his state of health;

The formation and development of personality in its individuality, originality, uniqueness, originality.

It determines the goals, content of the course, planned results in physics for each year of study, as well as the methodology for achieving the planned results.

Thus, the subject program sets target and content guidelines for writing a physics teacher’s work program and contributes to the creation of a unified educational space at school.

The subject program meets the requirements of the educational standard for the structure of programs of individual academic subjects and courses (clause 18.2.2).

. Explanatory note.

. General characteristics of the academic subject “Physics”.

. Description of the place of the subject in the school curriculum.

. Personal, meta-subject and subject results of mastering the academic subject “Physics”.

. Contents of the academic subject, course.

. Thematic planning with identification of the main types of educational activities.

. Description of educational, methodological and logistical support of the educational process.

. Planned results of mastering the academic subject “Physics”.

2. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUBJECT “PHYSICS”

The school physics course is system-forming for natural science subjects, since physical laws The principles that underlie the universe are the basis of the content courses in chemistry, biology, geography, ecology, literature, life safety and astronomy. Physics equips schoolchildren with a scientific method of cognition that allows them to obtain objective knowledge about the world around them.

In grades 7 and 8, students are introduced to physical phenomena, the method of scientific knowledge, the formation of basic physical concepts, the acquisition of skills to measure physical quantities, and conduct a laboratory experiment according to a given scheme. In the 9th grade, the study of basic physical laws begins, laboratory work becomes more complex, and students learn to plan experiments on their own.

GoalsPhysics courses in basic school are as follows:

. students’ assimilation of the meaning of basic concepts and laws of physics, the relationship between them;

. formation of a system of scientific knowledge about nature, its fundamental laws to build an idea of the physical picture of the world;

. systematization of knowledge about the diversity of objects and natural phenomena, about the patterns of processes and the laws of physics in order to realize the possibility of intelligent use of scientific achievements in the further development of civilization;

. developing confidence in the knowability of the surrounding world and the reliability of scientific methods for studying it;

. organization of ecological thinking and value-based attitude towards nature;

. development of cognitive interests and creative abilities of students, as well as interest in expanding and deepening physical knowledge and choosing physics as a core subject.

Achieving goals is ensured by solving the following tasks:

. introducing students to the method of scientific knowledge and methods of studying objects and natural phenomena;

. students' acquisition of knowledge about mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic and quantum phenomena, physical quantities characterizing these phenomena;

. developing in students the ability to observe natural phenomena and perform experiments, laboratory work and experimental research using measuring instruments widely used in practical life;

. students’ mastery of such general scientific concepts as a natural phenomenon, an empirically established fact, a problem, a hypothesis, a theoretical conclusion, the result of an experimental test; . students' understanding of the differences between scientific data and non-
verified information, the value of science to satisfy everyday, industrial and cultural human needs.

Studying the subject area " Physics "must provide:

· formation of a holistic scientific picture of the world;

· understanding of the growing role of natural sciences and scientific research in the modern world, the constant process of evolution of scientific knowledge, the importance of international scientific cooperation;

· mastering a scientific approach to solving various problems;

· mastering the skills to formulate hypotheses, construct, conduct experiments, and evaluate the results obtained;

· mastering the ability to compare experimental and theoretical knowledge with the objective realities of life;

· fostering a responsible and careful attitude towards the environment;

· mastery of an ecosystem cognitive model and its application to predict environmental risks for human health, life safety, and environmental quality;

· awareness of the importance of the concept of sustainable development;

· formation of skills in the safe and effective use of laboratory equipment, carrying out accurate measurements and adequate assessment of the results obtained, presenting scientifically based arguments for their actions based on interdisciplinary analysis of educational tasks.

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PLACE OF THE SUBJECT IN THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM

For the implementation of the program of basic general education in mathematics, a standard period is determined - 3 years.

In accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Basic General Education, the subject “Physics” is studied from the 5th to the 9th grade. The federal basic (educational) curriculum for educational institutions of the Russian Federation (option 1) provides for the compulsory study of mathematics at the stage of basic general education in the amount of 210 hours. Including 70 hours in 7th grade, 70 hours in 8th grade, 70 hours in 9th grade. The total number of lessons per week from grades 7 to 9 is 6 hours (grade 7 - 2 hours, grade 8 - 2 hours, grade 9 - 2 hours).

4. PERSONAL, META-SUBJECT AND SUBJECT RESULTS OF MASTERING THE SUBJECT “PHYSICS”.

Personal results teaching physics in basic school are:

Formation of a sense of pride in the achievements of Russian science in the field of physics;

A well-developed understanding of the importance of physical education for personal development;

Formation of the value of accuracy and rationality of calculations;

Formation of a responsible attitude towards learning, readiness and ability of students for self-development and self-education based on motivation for learning and knowledge, conscious choice and construction of a further individual educational trajectory based on orientation in the world of professions and professional preferences, taking into account sustainable cognitive interests, as well as on the basis formation of a respectful attitude towards work, development of experience of participation in socially significant work;

Formation of communicative competence in communication and cooperation with peers, older and younger children, adults in the process of educational, socially useful, educational and research, creative and other types of activities;

Motivation of educational activities of schoolchildren based on a personality-oriented approach;

Meta-subject results include universal educational activities (regulatory, cognitive, communicative).

Regulatory UUD:

1. The ability to independently determine learning goals, set and formulate new tasks in learning and cognitive activity, develop the motives and interests of one’s cognitive activity.

The student will be able to:

· identify your own problems and determine the main problem;

· put forward versions of a solution to a problem, formulate hypotheses, anticipate the final result;

· set an activity goal based on a specific problem and existing opportunities;

· formulate educational tasks as steps to achieve the set goal of the activity.

2. The ability to independently plan ways to achieve goals, including alternative ones, to consciously choose the most effective ways to solve educational and cognitive problems.

The student will be able to:

· determine the necessary actions in accordance with the educational and cognitive task and draw up an algorithm for their implementation;

· determine/find, including from the proposed options, the conditions for completing an educational and cognitive task;

· draw up a plan for solving a problem (implementing a project, conducting research);

· plan and adjust your individual educational trajectory.

3. The ability to correlate one’s actions with the planned results, monitor one’s activities in the process of achieving results, determine methods of action within the framework of the proposed conditions and requirements, and adjust one’s actions in accordance with the changing situation.

The student will be able to:

· determine, together with the teacher and peers, the criteria for planned results and criteria for assessing their educational activities;

· select tools for assessing your activities, carry out self-monitoring of your activities within the framework of the proposed conditions and requirements;

· check your actions against the goal and, if necessary, correct mistakes yourself.

4. The ability to evaluate the correctness of completing a learning task and one’s own capabilities to solve it .

The student will be able to:

· evaluate the product of one’s activities according to given and/or independently determined criteria in accordance with the purpose of the activity;

· justify the achievability of the goal in the chosen way based on an assessment of one’s internal resources and available external resources;

· record and analyze the dynamics of your own educational results.

5. Possession of the basics of self-control, self-esteem, decision-making and making informed choices in educational and cognitive fields.

The student will be able to:

· observe and analyze one’s own educational and cognitive activities and the activities of other students in the process of mutual examination;

Cognitive UUD:

6. The ability to define concepts, create generalizations, establish analogies, classify, independently select grounds and criteria for classification, establish cause-and-effect relationships, build logical reasoning, inference (inductive, deductive, by analogy) and draw conclusions.

The student will be able to:

· present the information received, interpreting it in the context of the problem being solved;

· draw a conclusion based on a critical analysis of different points of view, confirm the conclusion with your own argumentation or independently obtained data.

7. The ability to create, apply and transform signs and symbols, models and diagrams to solve educational and cognitive problems .

The student will be able to:

· build a model/scheme based on the conditions of the problem and/or the method of solving it;

· build a diagram, an algorithm of action, correct or restore a previously unknown algorithm based on existing knowledge about the object to which the algorithm is applied;

8. Meaningful reading.

The student will be able to:

· find the required information in the text (in accordance with the goals of your activities);

· navigate the content of the text, understand the holistic meaning of the text, structure the text;

· establish the relationship between the events, phenomena, and processes described in the text;

10. Development of motivation to master the culture of active use of dictionaries and other search engines.

The student will be able :

· determine the necessary keywords and queries;

· interact with electronic search engines and dictionaries;

· form a multiple sample from search sources to objectify search results;

· correlate the search results with your activities.

Communication UUD:

11. Ability to organize educational cooperation and joint activities with the teacher and peers; work individually and in a group: find a common solution and resolve conflicts based on coordinating positions and taking into account interests; formulate, argue and defend your opinion.

The student will be able to:

· identify possible roles in joint activities;

· play a role in joint activities;

· accept the position of the interlocutor, understanding the position of the other, distinguish in his speech: opinion (point of view), evidence (arguments), facts; hypotheses, axioms, theories;

· identify your own and your partner’s actions that contributed to or hindered productive communication;

· build positive relationships in the process of educational and cognitive activities;

· defend your point of view correctly and reasonably, be able to put forward counterarguments in a discussion, paraphrase your thoughts (mastery of the mechanism of equivalent substitutions);

· be critical of your own opinion, recognize with dignity the fallacy of your opinion (if it is such) and correct it;

· offer an alternative solution in a conflict situation;

· highlight the common point of view in the discussion;

· agree on rules and issues for discussion in accordance with the task assigned to the group;

· organize educational interaction in a group (determine common goals, distribute roles, negotiate with each other, etc.);

· eliminate gaps in communication within the framework of dialogue caused by misunderstanding/rejection on the part of the interlocutor of the task, form or content of the dialogue.

12. The ability to consciously use verbal means in accordance with the task of communication to express one’s feelings, thoughts and needs to plan and regulate one’s activities; mastery of oral and written speech, monologue contextual speech.

The student will be able to:

· present, orally or in writing, a detailed plan of one’s own activities;

· express and justify an opinion (judgment) and request the opinion of a partner as part of a dialogue;

· make a decision during the dialogue and coordinate it with the interlocutor;

· use verbal means (means of logical communication) to highlight the semantic blocks of your speech;

· make an evaluative conclusion about the achievement of the communication goal immediately after the completion of the communicative contact and justify it.

13. Formation and development of competence in the field of use of information and communication technologies (hereinafter referred to as ICT).

The student will be able to:

· purposefully search for and use information resources necessary to solve educational and practical problems using ICT tools;

· select, build and use an adequate information model to convey your thoughts using natural and formal languages in accordance with the conditions of communication;

· highlight the information aspect of the problem, operate with data, use a model for solving the problem;

· use computer technologies (including the selection of software, hardware and services adequate to the task) to solve information and communication educational problems, including: computing, writing reports, abstracts, creating presentations, etc.;

Subject results teaching physics at a basic school are:

1) the formation of ideas about the natural connection and knowability of natural phenomena, about the objectivity of scientific knowledge; about the system-forming role of physics for the development of other natural sciences, engineering and technologies; scientific worldview as a result of studying the fundamentals of the structure of matter and the fundamental laws of physics;

2) the formation of initial ideas about the physical essence of natural phenomena (mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic and quantum), types of matter (matter and field), movement as a way of existence of matter; mastering the basic ideas of mechanics, atomic-molecular studies of the structure of matter, elements of electrodynamics and quantum physics; mastery of the conceptual apparatus and symbolic language of physics;

3) acquiring experience in applying scientific methods of cognition, observing physical phenomena, conducting experiments, simple experimental studies, direct and indirect measurements using analog and digital measuring instruments; understanding the inevitability of errors in any measurements;

4) understanding of the physical foundations and principles of operation (operation) of machines and mechanisms, means of transportation and communications, household appliances, industrial technological processes, their impact on the environment; awareness of the possible causes of man-made and environmental disasters;

5) awareness of the need to apply the achievements of physics and technology for rational environmental management;

6) mastering the basics of the safe use of natural and artificial electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic and sound waves, natural and artificial ionizing radiation in order to avoid their harmful effects on the environment and the human body;

7) development of the ability to plan one’s actions in everyday life using the acquired knowledge of the laws of mechanics, electrodynamics, thermodynamics and thermal phenomena in order to preserve health;

8) the formation of ideas about the irrational use of natural resources and energy, environmental pollution as a consequence of the imperfection of machines and mechanisms.

5. CONTENT OF THE SUBJECT “PHYSICS”

7th grade

Physics and physical methods for studying nature

Physics is the science of nature. Physical bodies and phenomena. Observation and description of physical phenomena. Physical experiment. Modeling of natural phenomena and objects.

Physical quantities and their measurement. Accuracy and error of measurements. International system of units.

Physical laws and patterns. Physics and technology. Scientific method of knowledge. The role of physics in the formation of natural science literacy.

Thermal phenomena

Structure of matter. Atoms and molecules. Thermal movement of atoms and molecules. Diffusion in gases, liquids and solids. Brownian motion. Interaction (attraction and repulsion) of molecules. Aggregate states of matter. Differences in the structure of solids, liquids and gases.

1.Measuring the sizes of small bodies.

1. Testing the hypothesis about the linear dependence of the length of the liquid column in the tube on temperature.

Mechanical phenomena

Physical quantities necessary to describe movement and the relationship between them (path, speed, time of movement). Uniform and uniformly accelerated linear motion. Inertia. Body mass. Density of matter. Force. Units of force. Free fall of bodies. Gravity. The law of universal gravitation. Elastic force. Hooke's law. Body weight. Weightlessness. The relationship between gravity and body weight. Dynamometer. Resultant force. Friction force. Sliding friction. Rest friction. Friction in nature and technology.

Mechanical work. Power. Energy. Potential and kinetic energy. Conversion of one type of mechanical energy into another. Law of conservation of total mechanical energy.

Pressure of solids. Pressure units. Ways to change pressure. Pressure of liquids and gases Pascal's law. The pressure of the liquid on the bottom and walls of the vessel. Communicating vessels. Air weight.Atmosphere pressure. Measuring atmospheric pressure. Torricelli's experience. Aneroid barometer. Atmospheric pressure at different altitudes. Hydraulic mechanisms (press, pump). The pressure of liquid and gas on a body immersed in them. Archimedes' power. Floating bodies and ships Aeronautics.

Carrying out direct measurements of physical quantities

1.Measuring body weight.

2.Measurement of body volume.

3.Measurement of force.

4. Measuring the air pressure in the cylinder under the piston.

1.Measurement of the density of a solid substance.

2. Determination of the sliding friction coefficient.

3. Determination of spring stiffness.

4. Determination of the buoyancy force acting on a body immersed in a liquid.

5. Determination of the moment of force.

6.Measuring the speed of uniform motion.

7.Measurement of average speed.

8.Definition of work and power.

9. Study of the dependence of the buoyancy force on the volume of the immersed part on the density of the liquid, its independence from the density and mass of the body.

10. Study of the dependence of the friction force on the nature of the surface, its independence from the area.

1. Observation of the dependence of gas pressure on volume and temperature.

2. Study of the dependence of the weight of a body in a liquid on the volume of the immersed part.

4. Study of the dependence of mass on volume.

5. Study of the dependence of friction force on pressure force.

6. Study of the dependence of spring deformation on force.

1. Design of an inclined plane with a given efficiency value.

2.Construction of a hydrometer and testing of its operation.

3.Construction of a boat model with a given carrying capacity.

8th grade

Thermal phenomena

Carrying out direct measurements of physical quantities

1. Process time measurement.

2. Temperature measurement.

Calculation based on the results of direct measurements of a parameter dependent on them (indirect measurements)

1. Determination of relative humidity.

2. Determination of the amount of heat.

3. Determination of specific heat capacity.

Observation of phenomena and conducting experiments (at a qualitative level) to detect factors influencing the occurrence of these phenomena

1. Observation of the dependence of the temperature of cooling water on time.

2. Study of the dependence of one physical quantity on another, presenting the results in the form of a graph or table.

Electromagnetic phenomena

Electrification of physical bodies. Interaction of charged bodies. Two types of electric charges. Divisibility of electric charge. Elementary electric charge. Law of conservation of electric charge. Conductors, semiconductors and insulators of electricity. Electroscope. Electric field as a special type of matter. Electric field strength. The effect of an electric field on electric charges. Capacitor. Electric field energy of a capacitor.

Dependence of current on voltage. Ohm's law for a section of a circuit. Resistivity. Rheostats. Series connection of conductors. Parallel connection of conductors.

The work of an electric field to move electric charges. Electric current power. Heating of conductors by electric current. Joule-Lenz law. Electric heating and lighting devices. Short circuit.

A magnetic field. Magnetic field of current. Oersted's experience. Magnetic field of permanent magnets. Earth's magnetic field. Electromagnet. Magnetic field of a current-carrying coil. Application of electromagnets. Electric motor.

Light is an electromagnetic wave. Sources of light. Law of rectilinear propagation of light. Law of light reflection. Flat mirror. The law of light refraction. Lenses. Focal length and optical power of the lens. Image of an object in a mirror and lens. Optical instruments. The eye as an optical system.

Carrying out direct measurements of physical quantities

1. Current measurement and regulation.

2. Voltage measurement.

3. Measurement of angles of incidence and refraction.

4. Measuring the focal length of a lens.

Calculation based on the results of direct measurements of a parameter dependent on them (indirect measurements)

1. Measurement of work and power of electric current.

2. Resistance measurement.

3. Determination of the optical power of a lens.

Observation of phenomena and conducting experiments (at a qualitative level) to detect factors influencing the occurrence of these phenomena

1. Study of the phenomenon of interaction between a coil with current and a magnet.

2. Observation of the phenomenon of reflection and refraction of light.

3. Detection of the dependence of the resistance of a conductor on its parameters and substance.

4. Study of the dependence of one physical quantity on another, presenting the results in the form of a graph or table.

5. Study of the dependence of current through a conductor on voltage.

6. Study of the dependence of the current through a light bulb on voltage.

7. Study of the dependence of the angle of refraction on the angle of incidence.

Verification of given assumptions (direct measurements of physical quantities and comparison of given relationships between them). Testing hypotheses

1. Hypothesis testing: when a light bulb and a conductor or two conductors are connected in series, the voltages cannot be added (possible).

2. Checking the rule for adding currents on two resistors connected in parallel.

Introduction to technical devices and their design

1. Assembling an electrical circuit and measuring the current in its various sections.

2. Assembling an electromagnet and testing its action.

3. Study of a DC electric motor (on a model).

4. Electric motor design.

5. Construction of a telescope model.

6. Assessing your vision and selecting glasses.

7. Study of image properties in lenses.

9th grade

Mechanical phenomena

Mechanical movement. A material point as a model of a physical body. Relativity of mechanical motion. Reference system. Physical quantities necessary to describe movement and the relationship between them (path, displacement, speed, acceleration, time of movement). Uniform and uniformly accelerated linear motion. Uniform movement in a circle. Newton's first law and inertia.. Force. Units of force. Newton's second law. Newton's third law. Free fall of bodies. Gravity. The law of universal gravitation. Elastic force. Hooke's law. Body weight. Weightlessness. Resultant force.

Mechanical vibrations. Period, frequency, amplitude of oscillations. Resonance. Mechanical waves in homogeneous media. Wavelength. Sound is like a mechanical wave. Volume and pitch of sound.

Calculation based on the results of direct measurements of a parameter dependent on them (indirect measurements)

1. Measuring the speed of uniform motion.

2. Measuring average driving speed.

3. Measuring the acceleration of uniformly accelerated motion.

4. Determination of the oscillation frequency of a load on a spring and thread.

Observation of phenomena and conducting experiments (at a qualitative level) to detect factors influencing the occurrence of these phenomena

1. Observation of the dependence of the period of oscillation of a load on a thread on length and independence from mass.

2. Observation of the dependence of the period of oscillation of a load on a spring on mass and stiffness.

3. Study of the dependence of one physical quantity on another, presenting the results in the form of a graph or table.

4. Study of the dependence of the path on time during uniformly accelerated motion without an initial speed.

5. Study of the dependence of speed on time and distance during uniformly accelerated motion.

6. Study of the dependence of the period of oscillation of a load on a thread on its length.

7. Study of the dependence of the period of oscillation of a load on a spring on stiffness and mass.

Verification of given assumptions (direct measurements of physical quantities and comparison of given relationships between them). Testing hypotheses

1. Testing the hypothesis that speed in uniformly accelerated motion is directly proportional to the distance traveled.

Electromagnetic phenomena

A magnetic field. Magnetic field induction. Magnetic field of current. Magnetic field of permanent magnets. Earth's magnetic field. Electromagnet. Magnetic field of a current-carrying coil. Application of electromagnets. The effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor and a moving charged particle. Ampere force and Lorentz force. Electric motor. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. Faraday's experiments.

Electromagnetic vibrations. Oscillatory circuit. Electric generator. Alternating current. Transformer. Transfer of electrical energy over a distance. Electromagnetic waves and their properties. Principles of radio communications and television. The influence of electromagnetic radiation on living organisms.

Light is an electromagnetic wave. Speed of light. Dispersion of light. Interference and diffraction of light.

Observation of phenomena and conducting experiments (at a qualitative level) to detect factors influencing the occurrence of these phenomena

1. Study of the phenomenon of interaction between a coil with current and a magnet.

2. Study of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.

3. Observation of the dispersion phenomenon.

Introduction to technical devices and their design

1. Construction of a simple generator.

Quantum phenomena

The structure of atoms. Planetary model of the atom. The quantum nature of the absorption and emission of light by atoms. Line spectra.

Rutherford's experiments.

Composition of the atomic nucleus. Proton, neutron and electron. Einstein's law of proportionality between mass and energy. Mass defect and binding energy of atomic nuclei. Radioactivity. Half life. Alpha radiation. Beta radiation. Gamma radiation. Nuclear reactions. Sources of energy from the Sun and stars. Nuclear energy. Environmental problems of nuclear power plants. Dosimetry. The influence of radioactive radiation on living organisms.

Carrying out direct measurements of physical quantities

1.Measurement of radioactive background.

Structure and evolution of the Universe

Geocentric and heliocentric systems of the world. Physical nature of the celestial bodies of the Solar system. Origin of the Solar System. Physical nature of the Sun and stars. The structure of the Universe. Evolution of the Universe. Big Bang hypothesis.

Reserve time (3 hours)

6. THEMATIC PLANNING WITH DETERMINATION OF THE MAIN TYPES OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IS PROVIDED IN THE TEACHER’S WORK PROGRAM.

7. DESCRIPTION OF EDUCATIONAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE SUBJECT “MATHEMATICS”

Security

Actual equipment

1. educational and methodological

Training and metodology complex

1. A.V.Peryshkin. Physics, 7.

2. A.V.Peryshkin. Physics, 8. Textbook for educational institutions - M.: Bustard.

3. A.V.Peryshkin, E.M.Gutnik. Physics, 9. Textbook for educational institutions - M.: Bustard.

Workbooks

1. Workbook: Physics 7th grade. T.A. Khannanova, N.K. Khannanova. - M.: Bustard

2. Workbook: Physics 8th grade. T.A. Khannanova, N.K. Khannanova. - M.: Bustard

3. Workbook: Physics 9th grade. T.A. Khannanova, N.K. Khannanova. - M.: Bustard

Test materials

1. T.A. Khannanova, N.K. Khannanova .Physics.Tests.7th grade - M.: Bustard.

2.T.A.Khannanova, N.K.Khannanova .Physics.Tests.8th grade - M.: Bustard

3.T.A.Khannanova, N.K.Khannanova .Physics.Tests.9th grade - M.: Bustard

4. A.E. Maron, E.A. Maron. Didactic materials. 7th grade-M: Bustard.

1) 5. Maron, A. E. Physics. 7th grade : training tasks; Self-control tasks; Independent work, etc. Educational manual. - M.: Bustard.

6) 6. Maron, A. E. Physics. 8th grade : Training tasks. Self-control tasks. Independent work. Multi-level tests. Examples of problem solving. - M.: Bustard.

7. Maron, A. E. Physics. 9th grade : Training tasks. Self-control tasks. Independent work. Multi-level tests. Examples of problem solving - M.: Bustard..

8..A.V. Peryshkin Collection of problems in physics: grades 7 - 9. Federal State Educational Standard: to the textbooks of A.V. Peryshkina and others - M.: “Exam”.

9..Lukashik V.I. Collection of problems in physics for grades 7 - 9 of general education institutions - M.: Education.

10..A.V. Chebotareva Physics tests for the textbook by A.V. Peryshkin. "Physics. 7th grade" "Physics. 8th grade”, “Physics. 9th grade" - M.: Exam.

1. N.V. Filinovich, E.M. Gutnik. Methodical manual for textbooks "Physics". 7-9 grades - M: Bustard

2. N.V. Filinovich. Methodical manual for the textbook “Physics”. 7th grade - M: Bustard

3 . N.V. Filinovich. Methodical manual for the textbook “Physics”. 8th grade - M: Bustard

4.N.V. Filinovich. Methodical manual for the textbook “Physics”. 9th grade - M: Bustard

2. logistics

ICT tools

Laptop, speakers, printer, multimedia projector, interactive whiteboard

TsOR/Information sources

1.Federal Center for Information and Educational Resources (FCIOR) http HYPERLINK "http://fcior.edu.ru/"://HYPERLINK "http://fcior.edu.ru/" fcior HYPERLINK "http://fcior.edu.ru/".HYPERLINK "http://fcior.edu.ru/" edu HYPERLINK "http://fcior.edu.ru/".HYPERLINK "http://fcior.edu.ru/" ru

2. Unified collection of digital educational resources http HYPERLINK "http://school-collection.edu.ru /"://HYPERLINK "http://school-collection.edu.ru /" school HYPERLINK "http://school-collection.edu.ru /"-HYPERLINK "http://school-collection.edu.ru /" collection HYPERLINK "http://school-collection.edu.ru /".HYPERLINK "http://school-collection.edu.ru /"edu HYPERLINK "http://school-collection.edu.ru /".HYPERLINK "http://school-collection.edu.ru /" ru

4. I’m going to a physics lesson (methodological developments): www.festival.1sepember HYPERLINK "http://www.festival.1sepember.ru/".HYPERLINK "http://www.festival.1sepember.ru/" ru

5. Lessons - notes www.pedsovet.ru

6. class- fizika-narod.ru/

7.http://videouroki.net/view_news.php?newsid=53

8. http:physics.nad.ru (animation of physical processes)

9. http:www.history.ru/freeph.htm(physics training programs)

10. http:phdep.ifmo.ru (virtual laboratory work)

8.PLANNED RESULTS OF STUDYING THE SUBJECT

“PHYSICS” AT THE LEVEL OF BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION

The graduate will learn:

· realize the value of scientific research, the role of physics in expanding ideas about the world around us and its contribution to improving the quality of life;

· compare the accuracy of measurement of physical quantities by the value of their relative error when performing direct measurements;

· independently carry out indirect measurements and studies of physical quantities using various methods of measuring physical quantities, select measuring instruments taking into account the required measurement accuracy, justify the choice of a measurement method adequate to the task, assess the reliability of the results obtained;

· perceive information of physical content in popular scientific literature and the media, critically evaluate the information received, analyzing its content and data about the source of information;

· create your own written and oral reports about physical phenomena based on several sources of information, accompany the speech with a presentation, taking into account the characteristics of the peer audience.

Mechanical phenomena

The graduate will learn:

· recognize mechanical phenomena and explain, on the basis of existing knowledge, the basic properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: uniform and uneven motion, uniform and uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion, relativity of mechanical motion, free fall of bodies, uniform motion in a circle, inertia, interaction of bodies, reactive motion, transmission pressure by solids, liquids and gases, atmospheric pressure, floating of bodies, equilibrium of solids with a fixed axis of rotation, oscillatory motion, resonance, wave motion (sound);

· describe the studied properties of bodies and mechanical phenomena using physical quantities: path, displacement, speed, acceleration, period of revolution, body mass, density of matter, force (gravity, elastic force, friction force), pressure, momentum of the body, kinetic energy, potential energy, mechanical work, mechanical power, efficiency when performing work using a simple mechanism, friction force, amplitude, period and frequency of oscillations, wavelength and speed of its propagation; when describing, correctly interpret the physical meaning of the quantities used, their designations and units of measurement, find formulas connecting a given physical quantity with other quantities, calculate the value of a physical quantity;

· analyze the properties of bodies, mechanical phenomena and processes using physical laws: the law of conservation of energy, the law of universal gravitation, the principle of superposition of forces (finding the resultant force), Newton’s I, II and III laws, the law of conservation of momentum, Hooke’s law, Pascal’s law, Archimedes’ law ; at the same time, distinguish between the verbal formulation of the law and its mathematical expression;

· solve problems using physical laws (the law of conservation of energy, the law of universal gravitation, the principle of superposition of forces, Newton’s I, II and III laws, the law of conservation of momentum, Hooke’s law, Pascal’s law, Archimedes’ law) and formulas relating physical quantities (path, speed , acceleration, body mass, density of matter, force, pressure, body momentum, kinetic energy, potential energy, mechanical work, mechanical power, efficiency of a simple mechanism, sliding friction force, friction coefficient, amplitude, period and frequency of oscillations, wavelength and speed its distribution): based on the analysis of the problem conditions, write down a brief condition, highlight the physical quantities, laws and formulas necessary to solve it, carry out calculations and evaluate the reality of the obtained value of the physical quantity.

The graduate will have the opportunity to learn:

· use knowledge about mechanical phenomena in everyday life to ensure safety when handling instruments and technical devices, to maintain health and comply with environmental standards; give examples of the practical use of physical knowledge about mechanical phenomena and physical laws; examples of the use of renewable energy sources; environmental consequences of space exploration;

· distinguish the limits of applicability of physical laws, understand the universal nature of fundamental laws (the law of conservation of mechanical energy, the law of conservation of momentum, the law of universal gravitation) and the limitations of the use of particular laws (Hooke’s law, Archimedes, etc.);

· find a physical model adequate to the proposed problem, solve the problem both on the basis of existing knowledge in mechanics using mathematical tools, and using evaluation methods.

Thermal phenomena

The graduate will learn:

· recognize thermal phenomena and explain, on the basis of existing knowledge, the main properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: diffusion, change in the volume of bodies during heating (cooling), high compressibility of gases, low compressibility of liquids and solids; thermal equilibrium, evaporation, condensation, melting, crystallization, boiling, air humidity, various methods of heat transfer (thermal conduction, convection, radiation), aggregative states of matter, energy absorption during liquid evaporation and its release during steam condensation, dependence of boiling point on pressure;

The graduate will have the opportunity to learn:

· use knowledge about thermal phenomena in everyday life to ensure safety when handling instruments and technical devices, to maintain health and comply with environmental standards; give examples of the environmental consequences of the operation of internal combustion engines, thermal and hydroelectric power plants;

· distinguish the limits of applicability of physical laws, understand the universal nature of fundamental physical laws (the law of conservation of energy in thermal processes) and the limitations of the use of particular laws;

· find a physical model adequate to the proposed problem, solve the problem both on the basis of existing knowledge about thermal phenomena using mathematical tools, and using assessment methods.

The graduate will learn:

· recognize electromagnetic phenomena and explain, on the basis of existing knowledge, the basic properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: electrification of bodies, interaction of charges, electric current and its effects (thermal, chemical, magnetic), interaction of magnets, electromagnetic induction, the effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor and on a moving charged particle, the effect of an electric field on a charged particle, electromagnetic waves, rectilinear propagation of light, reflection and refraction of light, dispersion of light.

· describe the studied properties of bodies and electromagnetic phenomena using physical quantities: electric charge, current, electric voltage, electrical resistance, resistivity of matter, electric field work, current power, focal length and optical power of the lens, speed of electromagnetic waves, wavelength and frequency Sveta; when describing, correctly interpret the physical meaning of the quantities used, their designations and units of measurement; find formulas connecting a given physical quantity with other quantities.

· solve problems using physical laws (Ohm's law for a circuit section, Joule-Lenz law, the law of rectilinear propagation of light, the law of light reflection, the law of light refraction) and formulas relating physical quantities (current strength, electrical voltage, electrical resistance, resistivity of a substance , work of the electric field, current power, focal length and optical power of the lens, speed of electromagnetic waves, wavelength and frequency of light, formulas for calculating electrical resistance for series and parallel connection of conductors): based on the analysis of the problem conditions, write down a brief condition, highlight physical quantities, laws and formulas necessary to solve it, carry out calculations and evaluate the reality of the obtained value of a physical quantity.

The graduate will have the opportunity to learn:

· use knowledge about electromagnetic phenomena in everyday life to ensure safety when handling instruments and technical devices, to maintain health and comply with environmental standards; give examples of the influence of electromagnetic radiation on living organisms;

· distinguish the limits of applicability of physical laws, understand the universal nature of fundamental laws (the law of conservation of electric charge) and the limitations of the use of particular laws (Ohm’s law for a section of a circuit, the Joule-Lenz law, etc.);

· use techniques for constructing physical models, searching and formulating evidence for put forward hypotheses and theoretical conclusions based on empirically established facts;

· find a physical model adequate to the proposed problem, solve the problem both on the basis of existing knowledge about electromagnetic phenomena using mathematical tools, and using assessment methods.

Quantum phenomena

The graduate will learn:

The graduate will have the opportunity to learn:

· use the acquired knowledge in everyday life when handling instruments and technical devices (ionizing particle counter, dosimeter), to maintain health and comply with environmental standards;

· relate the binding energy of atomic nuclei to the mass defect;

· give examples of the influence of radioactive radiation on living organisms; understand the principle of operation of the dosimeter and distinguish between the conditions of its use;

· understand the environmental problems that arise when using nuclear power plants, and ways to solve these problems, the prospects for using controlled thermonuclear fusion.

Elements of astronomy

The graduate will learn:

The graduate will have the opportunity to learn:

· indicate the general properties and differences between the terrestrial planets and the giant planets; small bodies of the solar system and large planets; use a star map when observing the starry sky;

· distinguish the main characteristics of stars (size, color, temperature) correlate the color of a star with its temperature;

· distinguish between hypotheses about the origin of the solar system.

In our school planned results mastering the subject program in physics are formulated in more detail

Meta-subject results

7th grade

8th grade

9th grade

skill set the goal of an activity based on a specific problem and existing opportunities, determine the necessary action(s) in accordance with the educational and cognitive task and draw up an algorithm for their implementation;

the ability to put forward versions of a solution to a problem, formulate hypotheses,

determine/find, including from the proposed options, the conditions for completing an educational and cognitive task; draw up a plan for solving a problem (implementing a project, conducting research);

the ability to identify one’s own problems and determine the main problem; formulate hypotheses, anticipate the final result;

understanding the essence of algorithmic instructions and the ability to act in accordance with the proposed algorithm; determine, together with the teacher and peers, the criteria for planned results and criteria for assessing their educational activities;

choose from the proposed options and independently look for means/resources to solve a problem/achieve a goal;

identify potential difficulties when solving an educational and cognitive task and find means to eliminate them;

select words that are subordinate to the keyword, defining its characteristics and properties;

build a logical chain consisting of a keyword and its subordinate words;

determine logical connections between objects, designate these logical connections using signs in the diagram;

build a model/scheme based on the conditions of the problem and/or the method of solving it

systematize (including selecting priority) criteria for planned results and evaluation of one’s activities;

evaluate your activities, arguing the reasons for achieving or not achieving the planned result;

determine the criteria for the correctness (correctness) of completing the educational task;

make decisions in a learning situation and bear responsibility for them;

identify a common feature of two or more objects and explain their similarities;

combine objects into groups according to certain characteristics, compare, classify and summarize facts;

build reasoning from general patterns to specific ones and from specific to general patterns;

build reasoning based on comparison of objects, while highlighting common features;

designate an object with a symbol and sign;

navigate the content of the text, understand the holistic meaning of the text, structure the text; determine the necessary keywords and queries; play a role in joint activities; accept the position of the interlocutor, understanding the position of the other, distinguish in his speech: opinion (point of view), evidence (arguments), facts; hypotheses, axioms, theories;

determine the communication task and select speech means in accordance with it;

select and use speech means in the process of communication with other people (dialogue in pairs, in a small group, etc.);

use non-verbal means or visual materials prepared/selected under the guidance of the teacher;

select, build and use an adequate information model to convey their thoughts using natural and formal languages in accordance with the conditions of communication.

analyze existing and plan future educational results;

justify and implement the choice of the most effective ways to solve educational and cognitive problems;

working according to your plan, make adjustments to current activities based on an analysis of changes in the situation to obtain the planned characteristics of the product/result;

analyze and justify the use of appropriate tools to complete the learning task;

correlate real and planned results of individual educational activities and draw conclusions;

the ability to present received information, interpreting it in the context of the problem being solved;

create verbal, material and information models highlighting the essential characteristics of an object to determine how to solve a problem in accordance with the situation;

build evidence: direct, indirect, by contradiction;

establish the relationship between the events, phenomena, and processes described in the text; form a multiple sample from search sources to objectify search results; correlate the search results with your activities; identify your own and your partner’s actions that contributed to or hindered productive communication; defend your point of view correctly and reasonably, be able to put forward counterarguments in a discussion, paraphrase your thoughts (mastery of the mechanism of equivalent substitutions); be critical of your own opinion, recognize with dignity the fallacy of your opinion (if it is such) and correct it;

use verbal means (means of logical communication) to highlight the semantic blocks of your speech.

The ability to formulate educational tasks as steps to achieve the set goal of the activity;

describe your experience, formalizing it for transfer to other people in the form of a technology for solving practical problems of a certain class;

plan and adjust your individual educational trajectory;

find sufficient means to carry out learning activities in a changing situation and/or in the absence of the planned result;

freely use the developed assessment and self-assessment criteria, based on the goal and available means, distinguishing the result and methods of action;

record and analyze the dynamics of one’s own educational results;

independently determine the reasons for your success or failure and find ways out of the situation of failure;

independently point out information that needs verification, propose and apply a method for verifying the accuracy of the information;

draw a conclusion based on a critical analysis of different points of view, confirm the conclusion with your own argumentation or independently obtained data; offer an alternative solution in a conflict situation; highlight the common point of view in the discussion;

eliminate gaps in communication within the framework of dialogue caused by misunderstanding/rejection on the part of the interlocutor of the task, form or content of the dialogue;

comply with the norms of public speech, regulations in monologue and discussion in accordance with the communicative task;

make an evaluative conclusion about the achievement of the communication goal immediately after the completion of the communicative contact and justify it;

use information in an ethical and legal manner;

create information resources of different types and for different audiences, observe information hygiene and information security rules.

Subject results
The student will learn: · comply with safety and labor protection rules when working with educational and laboratory equipment; · understand the meaning of basic physical terms: physical body, physical phenomenon, physical quantity, units of measurement; · recognize problems that can be solved using physical methods; analyze individual stages of research and interpret the results of observations and experiments; · conduct experiments to study physical phenomena or physical properties of bodies without using direct measurements; at the same time formulate the problem/task of the educational experiment; assemble the installation from the proposed equipment; conduct experiments and formulate conclusions. · understand the role of experiment in obtaining scientific information; · carry out direct measurements of physical quantities: time, distance, body weight, volume, force, temperature, atmospheric pressure, air humidity, voltage, current, background radiation (using a dosimeter); at the same time, choose the optimal measurement method and use the simplest methods for assessing measurement errors. · conduct a study of the dependencies of physical quantities using direct measurements: at the same time, design an installation, record the results of the obtained dependence of physical quantities in the form of tables and graphs, draw conclusions based on the results of the study; · carry out indirect measurements of physical quantities: when performing measurements, assemble an experimental setup, following the proposed instructions, calculate the value of the quantity and analyze the results obtained, taking into account the specified measurement accuracy; · analyze situations of a practice-oriented nature, recognize in them the manifestation of the studied physical phenomena or patterns and apply existing knowledge to explain them; · understand the principles of operation of machines, instruments and technical devices, the conditions for their safe use in everyday life; · use popular scientific literature about physical phenomena, reference materials, and Internet resources when performing educational tasks.
7th grade	8th grade	9th grade
The student will learn: Mechanical phenomena · recognize mechanical phenomena and explain, on the basis of existing knowledge, the basic properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: uniform and uneven motion, relativity of mechanical motion, free fall of bodies, inertia, interaction of bodies, transfer of pressure by solids, liquids and gases, atmospheric pressure, floating of bodies, equilibrium of solid bodies having a fixed axis of rotation; · describe the studied properties of bodies and mechanical phenomena using physical quantities: path, speed, body mass, density of matter, force (gravity, elastic force, friction force), pressure, kinetic energy, potential energy, mechanical work, mechanical power, efficiency at performing work using a simple mechanism, friction force; when describing, correctly interpret the physical meaning of the quantities used, their designations and units of measurement, find formulas connecting a given physical quantity with other quantities, calculate the value of a physical quantity; · analyze the properties of bodies, mechanical phenomena and processes using physical laws: the law of conservation of energy, the law of universal gravitation, the principle of superposition of forces (finding the resultant force), Hooke’s law, Pascal’s law, Archimedes’ law; at the same time, distinguish between the verbal formulation of the law and its mathematical expression; · distinguish the main features of the studied physical models: material point; · solve problems using physical laws (Hooke's law, Pascal's law, Archimedes' law) and formulas relating physical quantities (path, speed, body mass, density of matter, force, pressure, kinetic energy, potential energy, mechanical work, mechanical power, efficiency simple mechanism, sliding friction force, friction coefficient): based on the analysis of the problem conditions, write down a brief condition, highlight the physical quantities, laws and formulas necessary for its solution, carry out calculations and evaluate the reality of the obtained value of the physical quantity. Thermal phenomena · recognize thermal phenomena and explain, on the basis of existing knowledge, the main properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: diffusion, change in the volume of bodies during heating (cooling), high compressibility of gases, low compressibility of liquids and solids; states of matter · analyze the properties of bodies, thermal phenomena and processes, using the basic principles of the atomic-molecular theory of the structure of matter; · give examples of the practical use of physical knowledge about thermal phenomena; · distinguish the main features of the studied physical models: a material point, models of the structure of gases, liquids and solids;	The student will learn: Thermal phenomena · recognize thermal phenomena and explain, on the basis of existing knowledge, the basic properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: thermal equilibrium, evaporation, condensation, melting, crystallization, boiling, air humidity, various methods of heat transfer (thermal conductivity, convection, radiation), aggregate states of matter, energy absorption during the evaporation of a liquid and its release during condensation of steam, the dependence of the boiling point on pressure; · describe the studied properties of bodies and thermal phenomena using physical quantities: amount of heat, internal energy, temperature, specific heat capacity of a substance, specific heat of fusion, specific heat of vaporization, specific heat of combustion of fuel, efficiency of a heat engine; when describing, correctly interpret the physical meaning of the quantities used, their designations and units of measurement, find formulas connecting a given physical quantity with other quantities, calculate the value of a physical quantity; · analyze the properties of bodies, thermal phenomena and processes, using the basic principles of the atomic-molecular theory of the structure of matter and the law of conservation of energy; · distinguish the main features of the studied physical models of the structure of gases, liquids and solids; · give examples of the practical use of physical knowledge about thermal phenomena; · solve problems using the law of conservation of energy in thermal processes and formulas relating physical quantities (amount of heat, temperature, specific heat capacity of a substance, specific heat of fusion, specific heat of vaporization, specific heat of combustion of fuel, efficiency of a heat engine): based on an analysis of the conditions The task is to write down a brief condition, identify physical quantities, laws and formulas necessary to solve it, carry out calculations and evaluate the reality of the obtained value of a physical quantity. Electrical and magnetic phenomena · recognize electromagnetic phenomena and explain, on the basis of existing knowledge, the basic properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: electrification of bodies, interaction of charges, electric current and its effects (thermal, chemical, magnetic), interaction of magnets, the effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor, the effect of an electric field rectilinear propagation of light, reflection and refraction of light onto a charged particle. · draw up diagrams of electrical circuits with serial and parallel connection of elements, distinguishing the symbols of the elements of electrical circuits (current source, switch, resistor, rheostat, light bulb, ammeter, voltmeter). · use optical circuits to construct images in a plane mirror and a collecting lens. · describe the studied properties of bodies and electromagnetic phenomena using physical quantities: electric charge, current, electric voltage, electrical resistance, resistivity of matter, electric field work, current power, focal length and optical power of the lens; when describing, correctly interpret the physical meaning of the quantities used, their designations and units of measurement; find formulas connecting a given physical quantity with other quantities. · analyze the properties of bodies, electromagnetic phenomena and processes using physical laws: the law of conservation of electric charge, Ohm’s law for a section of a circuit, the Joule-Lenz law, the law of rectilinear propagation of light, the law of light reflection, the law of light refraction; at the same time, distinguish between the verbal formulation of the law and its mathematical expression. · give examples of the practical use of physical knowledge about electromagnetic phenomena · solve problems using physical laws (Ohm's law for a circuit section, Joule-Lenz law, the law of rectilinear propagation of light, the law of light reflection, the law of light refraction) and formulas relating physical quantities (current strength, electrical voltage, electrical resistance, resistivity of a substance , work of the electric field, current power, focal length and optical power of the lens, formulas for calculating electrical resistance for series and parallel connection of conductors): based on the analysis of the problem conditions, write down a brief condition, highlight the physical quantities, laws and formulas necessary to solve it, carry out calculations and evaluate the reality of the obtained value of a physical quantity.	The student will learn: Mechanical phenomena · recognize mechanical phenomena and explain, on the basis of existing knowledge, the basic properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: uniform and uneven motion, uniform and uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion, relativity of mechanical motion, free fall of bodies, uniform motion in a circle, inertia, interaction of bodies, reactive motion, oscillatory movement, resonance, wave motion (sound); · describe the studied properties of bodies and mechanical phenomena using physical quantities: path, displacement, speed, acceleration, period of revolution, body mass, density of matter, force (gravity, elastic force, friction force), body momentum, kinetic energy, potential energy, mechanical work, mechanical power, amplitude, period and frequency of oscillations, wavelength and speed of its propagation; when describing, correctly interpret the physical meaning of the quantities used, their designations and units of measurement, find formulas connecting a given physical quantity with other quantities, calculate the value of a physical quantity; · analyze the properties of bodies, mechanical phenomena and processes using physical laws: the law of conservation of energy, the law of universal gravitation, the principle of superposition of forces (finding the resultant force), Newton’s I, II and III laws, the law of conservation of momentum; at the same time, distinguish between the verbal formulation of the law and its mathematical expression; · distinguish the main features of the studied physical models: material point, inertial frame of reference; solve problems using physical laws (the law of conservation of energy, the law of universal gravitation, the principle of superposition of forces, Newton’s I, II and III laws, the law of conservation of momentum) and formulas relating physical quantities (path, speed, acceleration, body mass, density of matter , force, pressure, body momentum, kinetic energy, potential energy, mechanical work, mechanical power, sliding friction force, friction coefficient, amplitude, period and frequency of oscillations, wavelength and speed of its propagation): based on the analysis of the problem conditions, write down a brief condition , identify physical quantities, laws and formulas necessary to solve it, carry out calculations and evaluate the reality of the obtained value of a physical quantity Electrical and magnetic phenomena · recognize electromagnetic phenomena and explain, based on existing knowledge, the basic properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: electromagnetic induction, the effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor and on a moving charged particle, the effect of an electric field on a charged particle, electromagnetic waves, dispersion of light. · describe the studied properties of bodies and electromagnetic phenomena using physical quantities: the speed of electromagnetic waves, wavelength and frequency of light; when describing, correctly interpret the physical meaning of the quantities used, their designations and units of measurement; find formulas connecting a given physical quantity with other quantities. · give examples of the practical use of physical knowledge about electromagnetic phenomena · solve problems using formulas connecting physical quantities (the speed of electromagnetic waves, wavelength and frequency of light): based on an analysis of the problem conditions, write down a brief condition, highlight the physical quantities, laws and formulas necessary to solve it, carry out calculations and evaluate the reality of the result values of a physical quantity. Quantum phenomena · recognize quantum phenomena and explain, on the basis of existing knowledge, the basic properties or conditions for the occurrence of these phenomena: natural and artificial radioactivity, α-, β- and γ-radiation, the appearance of a line spectrum of atomic radiation; · describe the studied quantum phenomena using physical quantities: mass number, charge number, half-life, photon energy; when describing, correctly interpret the physical meaning of the quantities used, their designations and units of measurement; find formulas connecting a given physical quantity with other quantities, calculate the value of a physical quantity; · analyze quantum phenomena using physical laws and postulates: the law of conservation of energy, the law of conservation of electric charge, the law of conservation of mass number, patterns of radiation and absorption of light by an atom, while distinguishing between the verbal formulation of the law and its mathematical expression; · distinguish the main features of the planetary model of the atom, the nucleon model of the atomic nucleus; · give examples of the manifestation in nature and practical use of radioactivity, nuclear and thermonuclear reactions, spectral analysis. Elements of astronomy · indicate the names of the planets of the solar system; distinguish the main signs of the daily rotation of the starry sky, the movement of the Moon, Sun and planets relative to the stars; · understand the differences between the heliocentric and geocentric systems of the world;

“Fundamentals of educational, research and project activities”
7th grade	8th grade	9th grade
the student will become familiar with the concept of research; will learn to determine the boundaries of the material under study for certain types of scientific research the student will learn to determine the specificity of the material under study for certain types of scientific research; teacher training of the student in the selection and justification of a research problem; showing the possible multidimensionality of the problem identified in the material and the need to select specific aspects of the problem specifically for this study; training in the selection of texts containing material that is relevant to research problem; training in comparing facts presented in sources according to the time of their publication and the nature of the authors’ references to their predecessors; training in the skills of inductive (from observation and analysis to generalization), productive (from using research techniques on one material to applying it on another material) and deductive (from an idea to its verification by analysis of the material) construction of research. training in closely linking the conclusion at the research stage with the task set at this stage.	the student will learn the skills of dividing a research text into individual aspects of the Introductory, Central and Final parts; training in the skills of determining the purpose of work for a separate stage of research; training in the skills of compiling (page-by-page) bibliographic lists and card materials as a source base for research under the guidance of a teacher; teaching the skills of highlighting mathematical facts related to the subject of research in text or speech statements; training in the skills of presenting material from the research stage as a chain of statements related in meaning; training in the use of factual evidence of judgments expressed in the research text; learning to write a lengthy, constructively organized text of an analytical nature; training in closely linking the conclusion of the research stage with the actual argumentation for solving the problem of this stage; learning to summarize individual research findings into a logical unity.	training in the skills of isolating the required material from publicly available book and magazine sources, selected independently; determination of the general nature of the sources of the research material for certain types of scientific research; the teacher teaches the student to independently select and substantiate the research problem; training in selecting facts in texts that are directly related to the research problem; training in comparing the facts presented in the sources according to the nature of the references to the sources of facts and the nature of the comments provided; the teacher teaches the student how to independently set the research goal and present it in the text of the work; training in the skills of building a specific sequence of research; training in the skills of highlighting the central part of a research text depending on aspects of the research topic; training in the skills of defining research objectives in connection with the overall purpose of the study; training in the skills of independently compiling (page-by-page) bibliographic lists and card materials as a source base for research; training in the skills of written recording and classification grouping of physical facts related to the research topic; training in the skills of presenting the material of the research stage as a chain of statements arising from each other; training in the use of logical evidence of judgments expressed in the research text; learning to write a lengthy, factually and logically reasoned analytical text; training in closely linking the conclusion of the research stage with logical argumentation for solving the problem of this stage; training in presenting the system of research conclusions as a natural consequence arising from its topic, purpose and objectives; training in the ability to isolate provisions in the text of one’s own research that reflect the personal contribution of the researcher.
“Formation of ICT competence of students”
7th grade	8th grade	9th grade
use various methods of searching for information on the Internet, search services, build queries to find information and analyze search results; scan text and perform scanned text recognition; process digital photographs using the capabilities of special computer tools, create presentations based on digital photographs; use techniques for searching for information on a personal computer, in the information environment of the institution and in the educational space carry out editing and structuring of text in accordance with its meaning using a text editor; perform with audio-video support, including speaking to a remote audience; use various library, including electronic, catalogs to find the necessary books.	distinguish between creative and technical recording of sounds and images; be selective about information in the surrounding information space, refuse to consume unnecessary information; use e-mail capabilities for information exchange.	shoot video and edit footage using the capabilities of special computer tools; use recording programs and microphones; carry out educational interaction in the information space of an educational institution (receiving and completing assignments, receiving comments, improving one’s work, creating a portfolio); interact on social networks, work in a group on a message.
“Strategies for semantic reading and working with text”
7th grade	8th grade	9th grade
ability to perform tasks including drawing up diagrams and tables; logically, consistently present the answer to the question posed, understand the text read; compare objects depicted in textbook illustrations and prepare questions for them; relate the events described to the illustrations; extract the necessary information from the textbook and additional sources and discuss the information received; independently complete assignments in workbooks based on the text of the textbook and additional literature.	exchange information about the object obtained from other sources of information; prepare messages based on the literature used (encyclopedias, reference books, other books, the Internet).	perform tasks that require analysis of the content of the text, its interpretation and transformation into other symbolic forms (table, diagram, outline), provide detailed reasoning, description of methods for analyzing and summarizing facts, various interpretations and conclusions that can be drawn on the basis of empirical data; development of conceptual thinking.

9. ASSESSMENT OF ACHIEVEMENT OF PLANNED RESULTS IN PHYSICS

Criteria and standards for assessing knowledge, skills and abilities of students in physics

Evaluation of students' oral responses.

Rating 5is given if the student shows a correct understanding of the physical essence of the phenomena and patterns, laws and theories under consideration, gives an accurate definition and interpretation of the basic concepts and laws, theories, as well as the correct definition of physical quantities, their units and methods of measurement; correctly executes drawings, diagrams and graphs; builds an answer according to his own plan, accompanies the story with new examples, knows how to apply knowledge in a new situation when performing practical tasks; can establish a connection between the material being studied and previously studied in the physics course, as well as with the material acquired while studying other subjects.

Score 4is given if the student’s answer satisfies the basic requirements for an answer for a grade of 5, but without using his own plan, new examples, without applying knowledge in a new situation, without using connections with previously studied material learned in the study of other subjects; if the student has made one mistake or no more than two shortcomings and can correct them independently or with a little help from the teacher.

Score 3is given if the student correctly understands the physical essence of the phenomena and patterns under consideration, but the answer contains certain gaps in mastering the questions of the physics course; does not interfere with the further assimilation of program material, is able to apply the acquired knowledge when solving simple problems using ready-made formulas, but finds it difficult to solve problems that require the transformation of some formulas; made no more than one gross and one minor mistake, no more than two or three minor mistakes.

Score 2is given if the student has not mastered basic knowledge in accordance with the requirements and has made more errors and omissions than necessary for a grade of 3.

Score 1is given if the student cannot answer any of the questions posed.

Evaluation of written tests.

Rating 5awarded for work completed completely without errors or omissions.

Score 4awarded for work completed in full, but if there is no more than one error and one omission, no more than three omissions.

Score 3awarded for work that is completed 2/3 of the entire work correctly or with no more than one gross error, no more than three minor errors, one minor error and three defects, if there are four to five defects.

Score 2awarded for work in which the number of errors and omissions exceeded the norm for a grade of 3 or less than 2/3 of the work was completed correctly.

Score 1awarded for work that was not completed at all or was completed with gross errors in the tasks.

Evaluation of laboratory work.

Rating 5is given if the student has completed the work in full in compliance with the required sequence of experiments and measurements; independently and rationally installs the necessary equipment; conducts all experiments under conditions and modes that ensure correct results and conclusions are obtained; complies with the requirements of safe work rules; in the report, correctly and accurately completes all entries, tables, figures, drawings, graphs, calculations, and correctly performs error analysis.

Score 4is given if the student completed the work in accordance with the requirements for a grade of 5, but made two or three shortcomings, no more than one minor error and one shortcoming.

Score 3is given if the student has not completed the work completely, but the volume of the completed part is such that it allows one to obtain correct results and conclusions if errors were made during the experiment and measurements.

Score 2is given if the student has not completed the work completely and the amount of work completed does not allow for correct conclusions and calculations to be made; observations were carried out incorrectly.

Score 1is given if the student has not completed the work at all.

In all cases, the grade is reduced if the student did not comply with the requirements of safe work rules.

List of errors.

I. Gross mistakes.

1. Ignorance of the definitions of basic concepts, laws, rules, theoretical provisions, formulas, generally accepted symbols, designations of physical quantities, units of measurement.

2. Inability to highlight the main thing in an answer.

3. Inability to apply knowledge to solve problems and explain physical phenomena; incorrectly formulated questions, assignments or incorrect explanations of how to solve them, ignorance of techniques for solving problems similar to those previously solved in class; errors showing a misunderstanding of the problem statement or a misinterpretation of the solution.

5. Inability to prepare installation or laboratory equipment for work, carry out experiments, necessary calculations, or use the data obtained for drawing conclusions.

6. Negligent attitude towards laboratory equipment and measuring instruments.

7. Inability to determine the readings of a measuring device.

8. Violation of the requirements of safe labor rules when performing an experiment.

II. Non-blunders.

Inaccuracies in formulations, definitions, laws, theories caused by incomplete answers to the main features of the concept being defined. Errors caused by non-compliance with the conditions of the experiment or measurements.
Errors in symbols on circuit diagrams, inaccuracies in drawings, graphs, diagrams.
Omission or inaccurate spelling of names of units of physical quantities.
Irrational choice of solution.

III. Shortcomings.

1. Irrational entries in calculations, irrational methods of calculations, transformations and problem solving.

2. Arithmetic errors in calculations, if these errors do not grossly distort the reality of the result obtained.

3. Individual errors in the wording of the question or answer.

4. Careless execution of notes, drawings, diagrams, graphs.

5. Spelling and punctuation errors

Federal state educational standard of basic general education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated December 17, 2010 No. 1897. / Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. - 2nd ed. - M.: Education, 2013. P.13.

Moscow, "Enlightenment", 2007

Programs of general education institutions. Physics grades 10-11. Saenko P. G.
The collection contains an approximate program for grades 10-11 at the basic and specialized levels, as well as programs for four parallel sets of textbooks: “Physics, 10-11” by P. G. Saenko - basic level; "Physics 10" author. G. Ya. Myakishev, B. B. Bukhovtsev, N. N. Sotsky and “Physics - 10” aut. G. Ya. Myakishev, B. B. Bukhovtsev. "Physics 10 - 11" auth. N.V. Sharonova. "Physics 10-11" ed. A. A. Pinsky, O. F. Kabardin.

Sample program
secondary (complete) general education

10-11 CLASSES

(A basic level of)

Explanatory note

Document status
The approximate physics program is compiled on the basis of the federal component of the State Standard of Secondary (Complete) General Education.
The sample program specifies the content of subject topics of the educational standard at a basic level; gives an approximate distribution of teaching hours by sections of the course and the recommended sequence of studying sections of physics, taking into account inter- and intra-subject connections, the logic of the educational process, and the age characteristics of students; defines the minimum set of experiments demonstrated by the teacher in the classroom, laboratory and practical work performed by students.
The sample program is a guideline for compiling original curricula and textbooks, and can also be used by a teacher for thematic planning of a course. Authors of textbooks and teaching aids, physics teachers can offer program options that differ from the sample program in the sequence of studying topics, the list of demonstration experiments and front-line laboratory work. They can reveal in more detail the content of the material being studied, as well as ways to form a system of knowledge, skills and methods of activity, development and socialization of students. Thus, the sample program helps maintain a unified educational space, without hindering the creative initiative of teachers, and provides ample opportunities for implementing different approaches to building a curriculum.
Document structure
A sample physics program includes three sections: an explanatory note; main content with an approximate distribution of training hours by sections of the course, the recommended sequence of studying topics and sections; requirements for the level of training of graduates.
General characteristics of the subject
Physics as a science about the most general laws of nature, acting as a subject at school, makes a significant contribution to the system of knowledge about the world around us. It reveals the role of science in the economic and cultural development of society and contributes to the formation of a modern scientific worldview. To solve the problems of forming the foundations of a scientific worldview, developing intellectual abilities and cognitive interests of schoolchildren in the process of studying physics, the main attention should be paid not to the transfer of the amount of ready-made knowledge, but to familiarization with the methods of scientific knowledge of the world around us, the formulation of problems that require students to independently work to solve them. We emphasize that schoolchildren are supposed to be introduced to the methods of scientific knowledge when studying all sections of the physics course, and not only when studying the special section “Physics and methods of scientific knowledge.”
The humanitarian significance of physics as an integral part of general education is that it equips the student scientific method of cognition, allowing you to obtain objective knowledge about the world around you.
Knowledge of physical laws is necessary for studying chemistry, biology, physical geography, technology, and life safety.
The physics course in the approximate program of secondary (complete) general education is structured on the basis of physical theories: mechanics, molecular physics, electrodynamics, electromagnetic oscillations and waves, quantum physics.
A special feature of the subject “physics” in the educational school curriculum is the fact that mastery of basic physical concepts and laws at a basic level has become necessary for almost every person in modern life.
Objectives of studying physics
The study of physics in secondary (complete) educational institutions at a basic level is aimed at achieving the following goals:
knowledge acquisition about the fundamental physical laws and principles underlying the modern physical picture of the world; the most important discoveries in the field of physics that had a decisive influence on the development of engineering and technology; methods of scientific knowledge of nature;
mastery of skills make observations, plan and perform experiments, put forward hypotheses and build models, apply acquired knowledge in physics to explain a variety of physical phenomena and properties of substances; practical use of physical knowledge; assess the reliability of natural scientific information;
development cognitive interests, intellectual and creative abilities in the process of acquiring knowledge and skills in physics using various sources of information and modern information technologies;
upbringing conviction in the possibility of knowing the laws of nature, using the achievements of physics for the benefit of the development of human civilization; the need for cooperation in the process of jointly performing tasks, respect for the opponent’s opinion when discussing problems of natural science content; readiness for moral and ethical assessment of the use of scientific achievements; sense of responsibility for protecting the environment;
use of acquired knowledge and skills to solve practical problems of everyday life, ensure the safety of one’s own life, rational use of natural resources and environmental protection.
Place of the subject in the curriculum
The federal basic curriculum for educational institutions of the Russian Federation allocates 140 hours for compulsory study of physics at the basic level of secondary (complete) general education, including 70 teaching hours in grades 10-11 at the rate of 2 teaching hours per week. The sample programs provide a reserve of free teaching time in the amount of 14 teaching hours for the implementation of original approaches, the use of various forms of organizing the educational process, the introduction of modern teaching methods and pedagogical technologies, and taking into account local conditions.
General educational abilities, skills and methods of activity
The sample program provides for the development of general educational skills, universal methods of activity and key competencies in schoolchildren. The priorities for the school physics course at the stage of basic general education are:
Cognitive activity:
the use of various natural scientific methods to understand the surrounding world: observation, measurement, experiment, modeling;
formation of skills to distinguish between facts, hypotheses, causes, consequences, evidence, laws, theories;
mastery of adequate methods for solving theoretical and experimental problems;
acquiring experience in putting forward hypotheses to explain known facts and for experimental testing of put forward hypotheses.
Information and communication activities:
mastery of monologue and dialogic speech, the ability to understand the point of view of the interlocutor and recognize the right to a different opinion;
use of various sources of information to solve cognitive and communicative problems.
Reflective activity:
possession of skills to monitor and evaluate one’s activities, the ability to foresee the possible results of one’s actions:
organization of educational activities: goal setting, planning, determining the optimal ratio of goals and means.
Learning outcomes
The required results of studying the Physics course are given in the section “Requirements for the level of graduate training”, which fully complies with the standard. The requirements are aimed at the implementation of activity-based and personality-oriented approaches; students' mastery of intellectual and practical activities; mastering the knowledge and skills necessary in everyday life, allowing one to navigate the world around them, significant for preserving the environment and health.
The “Know/Understand” section includes requirements for educational material that is learned and reproduced by students. Graduates must understand the meaning of the physical concepts, physical quantities and laws being studied.
The “Be able to” section includes requirements based on more complex types of activities, including creative ones: describe and explain physical phenomena and properties of bodies; distinguish hypotheses from scientific theories; draw conclusions based on experimental data; give examples of practical use of acquired knowledge; perceive and independently evaluate information contained in the media, the Internet, and popular science articles.
The heading “Use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life” presents requirements that go beyond the educational process and are aimed at solving various life problems.

MAIN CONTENT (140 hours)

Physics and methods of scientific knowledge (4 hours)

Physics is the science of nature. Scientific methods of cognition of the surrounding world and their difference from other methods of cognition. The role of experiment and theory in the process of cognition of nature. Modeling of physical phenomena and processes. Scientific hypotheses. Physical laws. Physical theories. Limits of applicability of physical laws and theories. The principle of correspondence. Basic elements of the physical picture of the world.

Mechanics (32 h)

Mechanical movement and its types. Relativity of mechanical motion. Rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion. Galileo's principle of relativity. Laws of dynamics. Universal gravity. Conservation laws in mechanics. Predictive power of the laws of classical mechanics. Using the laws of mechanics to explain the movement of celestial bodies and to develop space research. Limits of applicability of classical mechanics.
Demonstrations
Dependence of the trajectory of a body on the choice of reference system.
Falling bodies in air and vacuum.
The phenomenon of inertia.
Comparison of the masses of interacting bodies.
Newton's second law.
Measuring forces.
Addition of forces.
Dependence of elastic force on deformation.
Friction forces.
Conditions for equilibrium of bodies.
Jet propulsion.
Conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy and vice versa.
Laboratory works
Measuring the acceleration of gravity.
Study of the motion of a body under the influence of a constant force.
The study of the movement of bodies in a circle under the influence of gravity and elasticity.
Study of elastic and inelastic collisions of bodies.
Conservation of mechanical energy when a body moves under the influence of gravity and elasticity.
Comparison of the work of force with the change in kinetic energy of the body.

Molecular physics (27 hours)

The emergence of the atomistic hypothesis of the structure of matter and its experimental evidence. Absolute temperature as a measure of the average kinetic energy of thermal motion of particles of a substance. Ideal gas model. Gas pressure. Equation of state of an ideal gas. Structure and properties of liquids and solids.
Laws of thermodynamics. Order and chaos. Irreversibility of thermal processes. Heat engines and environmental protection.
Demonstrations
Mechanical model of Brownian motion.
Changes in gas pressure with changes in temperature at constant volume.
Change in gas volume with temperature at constant pressure.
Change in gas volume with change in pressure at constant temperature.
Boiling of water at reduced pressure.
The device of a psychrometer and hygrometer.
The phenomenon of surface tension of a liquid.
Crystalline and amorphous bodies.
Volumetric models of crystal structure.
Models of heat engines.
Laboratory works
Air humidity measurement.
Measurement of the specific heat of melting of ice.
Measuring the surface tension of a liquid.

Electrodynamics (35 h)

Elementary electric charge. Law of conservation of electric charge. Electric field. Electricity. Ohm's law for a complete circuit. Magnetic field of current. Plasma. The effect of a magnetic field on moving charged particles. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. The relationship between electric and magnetic fields. Free electromagnetic oscillations. Electromagnetic field.
Electromagnetic waves. Wave properties of light. Various types of electromagnetic radiation and their practical application.
Laws of light propagation. Optical instruments.
Demonstrations
Electrometer.
Conductors in an electric field.
Dielectrics in an electric field.
Energy of a charged capacitor.
Electrical measuring instruments.
Magnetic interaction of currents.
Deflection of an electron beam by a magnetic field.
Magnetic sound recording.
Dependence of induced emf on the rate of change of magnetic flux.
Free electromagnetic oscillations.
AC current oscillogram.
Alternator.
Emission and reception of electromagnetic waves.
Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves.
Interference of light.
Diffraction of light.
Obtaining a spectrum using a prism.
Obtaining a spectrum using a diffraction grating.
Polarization of light.
Rectilinear propagation, reflection and refraction of light.
Optical instruments.
Laboratory works
Measuring electrical resistance using an ohmmeter.
Measurement of EMF and internal resistance of a current source.
Elementary charge measurement.
Magnetic induction measurement.
Determination of the spectral limits of sensitivity of the human eye.
Measuring the refractive index of glass.

Quantum physics and elements of astrophysics (28 hours)

Planck's hypothesis about quanta. Photo effect. Photon. De Broglie's hypothesis about the wave properties of particles. Wave-particle duality.
Planetary model of the atom. Bohr's quantum postulates. Lasers.
The structure of the atomic nucleus. Nuclear forces. Mass defect and nuclear binding energy. Nuclear energy. The influence of ionizing radiation on living organisms. Radiation dose. Law of radioactive decay. Elementary particles. Fundamental interactions.
Solar system. Stars and sources of their energy. Galaxy. Spatial scales of the observable Universe. Modern ideas about the origin and evolution of the Sun and stars. Structure and evolution of the Universe.
Demonstrations
Photo effect.
Line emission spectra.
Laser.
Ionizing particle counter.
Laboratory work
Observation of line spectra.

Free study time reserve (14 hours)

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LEVEL OF GRADUATE TRAINING

As a result of studying physics at a basic level, the student must
know/understand
meaning of concepts: physical phenomenon, hypothesis, law, theory, matter, interaction, electromagnetic field, wave, photon, atom, atomic nucleus, ionizing radiation, planet, star, galaxy, Universe;
meaning of physical quantities: speed, acceleration, mass, force, impulse, work, mechanical energy, internal energy, absolute temperature, average kinetic energy of particles of matter, amount of heat, elementary electric charge;
meaning of physical laws classical mechanics, universal gravitation, conservation of energy, momentum and electric charge, thermodynamics, electromagnetic induction, photoelectric effect;
contribution of Russian and foreign scientists, who had a significant influence on the development of physics;
be able to
describe and explain physical phenomena and properties of bodies: movement of celestial bodies and artificial satellites of the Earth; properties of gases, liquids and solids; electromagnetic induction, propagation of electromagnetic waves; wave properties of light; emission and absorption of light by an atom; photoelectric effect;
differ hypotheses from scientific theories; draw conclusions based on experimental data; give examples to show that observations and experiments are the basis for putting forward hypotheses and theories and allow testing the truth of theoretical conclusions; physical theory makes it possible to explain known natural phenomena and scientific facts, to predict yet unknown phenomena;
give examples of the practical use of physical knowledge: laws of mechanics, thermodynamics and electrodynamics in energy; various types of electromagnetic radiation for the development of radio and telecommunications; quantum physics in the creation of nuclear energy, lasers;
perceive and independently evaluate based on the knowledge gained information contained in media reports, the Internet, popular science articles;
use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life to:
ensuring life safety during the use of vehicles, household electrical appliances, radio and telecommunications;
assessing the impact of environmental pollution on the human body and other organisms;
rational use of natural resources and environmental protection.

PHYSICS PROGRAM

FOR 10-11 CLASSES
GENERAL EDUCATION
INSTITUTIONS

Explanatory note

The sections of the program are traditional: mechanics, molecular physics and thermodynamics, electrodynamics, quantum physics (atomic physics and physics of the atomic nucleus).
The main feature of the program is that mechanical and electromagnetic oscillations and waves are combined. As a result, the study of the first section of Mechanics is facilitated and another aspect of the unity of nature is demonstrated.
The program is universal in nature, since it can be used in constructing the physics teaching process for 2- and 5-hour teaching, i.e., when implementing the basic and profile levels of the standard. Information related to the basic level is typed in straight font, while information related only to the profile level is highlighted in italics. The number of hours for 2- and 5-hour training options is indicated in parentheses. Thus, conditions have been created for variable teaching of physics.
Lesson-thematic planning based on textbooks is presented in the form of tables after the program. The proposed planning is designed for secondary schools, in which 2 hours (basic level of the standard) or 5 hours (profile level of the standard) per week (68 hours / 170 hours per year) are allocated for studying the physics course, and is compiled taking into account practical experience in teaching the subject in high school.
In the lesson-thematic planning (column 3 of the table), it is noted which lessons are taught during 2-hour training and which are not taught. However, some of the most important didactic elements of lessons not included in the shortened course of study are transferred by the teacher to a lesson with a different topic, becoming more concise in content. This allows you not to lose the systematic nature of physical knowledge even in a short course. In this context, it is convenient for students to consider some new pieces of knowledge in the form of problems. For example, the essence of Vavilov’s experiments can be studied by solving a problem situation formulated in the form of a physical problem (see).
To make planning easier, cells with lesson topics that are required for a 2-hour teaching of the subject are “filled” in gray. For each lesson in lesson-thematic planning, the location of didactic elements in textbooks is given (paragraph numbers, examples of problem solving, numbers of exercises and tasks for independent work), and also possible options for a demonstration experiment are noted that support the theoretical material of the lesson, and in some cases, methodological instructions for more productive organization of students' cognitive activity. A large role in planning is given to the stages of consolidation, generalization, systematization of knowledge, as well as diagnosis and correction based on the analysis of students’ mistakes.
When conducting test lessons, an approximate list of student activities may be as follows.
Stage 1. Identification (discovery) of theoretical elements of knowledge (didactic units) in a real demonstration (situation). For example, when organizing a test on the topic “Kinematics,” students are asked to characterize the type of mechanical motion shown by the teacher in terms of speed and trajectory.
Stage 2. Physical dictation “Complete the sentences.”
Stage 3. Assignment using graphs of the dependence of physical quantities on time and other parameters. For example, during a test on the topic “Kinematics”, students are asked to complete the following tasks using speed graphs containing several sections: a) establish the type of movement in each section; b) determine the initial and final speeds of movement; c) construct a graph of the acceleration projection; d) construct a displacement projection graph.
Stage 4. Filling out summary tables. It is productive to place formulaic and graphical information about the objects or processes being studied in a table. For example, when conducting a test on the topic “Electric current in various media,” it is advisable to fill out a table summarizing the patterns of current flow in various conducting media based on models of their microstructure.
Stage 5. Solving level experimental problems.
Stage 6. Test work on solving level problems.
To increase interest in physics, you can include in the test activities didactic games like “Through the Mouth of Quantum Physics” (or any other section), which are conducted according to the rules of intellectual games like “Through the Mouth of a Baby.”
When moving from a 5-hour option to a 2-hour teaching option, you should rely on the following ideas:
- isolating the core of fundamental knowledge through generalization in the form of physical theories and the application of the principle of cyclicity (the books of Yu. A. Saurov will help the teacher with this);
- preservation of most of the laboratory work;
- reduction of problem solving lessons;
- combining the stages of generalization, monitoring and adjustment of students’ educational achievements; acquisition of an integrative function by the control process.
Thus, when using teaching materials, a variable organization of the physics teaching process is possible at the senior level of school - at the basic and specialized levels.

10-11 CLASSES

136 hours/340 hours for two years of study (2 hours/5 hours per week)

1. Introduction. Key Features
physical research method (1 hour/3 hours)

Physics as a science and the basis of natural science. Experimental nature of physics. Physical quantities and their measurement. Connections between physical quantities. Scientific method of understanding the surrounding world: experiment - hypothesis - model - (conclusions and consequences taking into account the boundaries of the model) - criterion experiment. Physical theory. Approximate nature of physical laws. Modeling of natural phenomena and objects. The role of mathematics in physics. Scientific worldview. The concept of the physical picture of the world.

2. Mechanics (22 h/57 h)

Classical mechanics as a fundamental physical theory. Limits of its applicability.
Kinematics. Mechanical movement. Material point. Relativity of mechanical motion. Reference system. Coordinates. Space and time in classical mechanics. Radius vector. Motion vector. Speed. Acceleration. Rectilinear motion with constant acceleration. Free fall of bodies. Movement of a body in a circle. Angular velocity. Centripetal acceleration.
Kinematics of a rigid body. Forward movement. Rotational motion of a rigid body. Angular and linear rotation speeds.
Dynamics. The main statement of mechanics. Newton's first law. Inertial reference systems. Force. Relationship between force and acceleration. Newton's second law. Weight. The principle of superposition of forces. Newton's third law. Galileo's principle of relativity.
Forces in nature. The force of gravity. The law of universal gravitation. First escape velocity. Gravity and weight. Weightlessness. Elastic force. Hooke's law. Friction forces.
Conservation laws in mechanics. Pulse. Law of conservation of momentum. Jet propulsion. Work of force. Kinetic energy. Potential energy. Law of conservation of mechanical energy.
Using the laws of mechanics to explain the movement of celestial bodies and to develop space research.
Statics. Moment of power. Conditions for the equilibrium of a rigid body.

1. Movement of a body in a circle under the influence of elasticity and gravity.
2. Study of the law of conservation of mechanical energy.

3. Molecular physics. Thermodynamics (21 h/51 h)

Fundamentals of molecular physics. The emergence of the atomistic hypothesis of the structure of matter and its experimental evidence. Dimensions and mass of molecules. Amount of substance. Mol. Avogadro's constant. Brownian motion. Interaction forces between molecules. The structure of gaseous, liquid and solid bodies. Thermal movement of molecules. Ideal gas model. Limits of applicability of the model. Basic equation of the molecular kinetic theory of gas.
Temperature. Energy of thermal motion of molecules. Thermal equilibrium. Determination of temperature. Absolute temperature. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules. Measuring the speed of movement of gas molecules.
Equation of state of an ideal gas. Mendeleev - Clapeyron equation. Gas laws.
Thermodynamics. Internal energy. Work in thermodynamics. Quantity of heat. Heat capacity. First law of thermodynamics. Isoprocesses. Van der Waals isotherms. Adiabatic process. The second law of thermodynamics: statistical interpretation of the irreversibility of processes in nature. Order and chaos. Heat engines: internal combustion engine, diesel. Refrigerator: device and principle of operation. Engine efficiency. Problems of energy and environmental protection.
Mutual transformation of liquids and gases. Solids.Model of the structure of liquids. Evaporation and boiling. Saturated steam. Air humidity. Crystalline and amorphous bodies. Models of the structure of solids. Melting and solidification. Heat balance equation.
Front laboratory work
3. Experimental verification of Gay-Lussac's law.
4. Experimental verification of the Boyle-Mariotte law.
5. Measuring the elastic modulus of rubber.

Letter from the Department of State Education Policy

Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated July 7, 2005 No. 03-1263

SAMPLE PROGRAM OF BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION in physics

VII-IX grades

Explanatory note

Document status

The approximate physics program is compiled on the basis of the federal component of the state standard of basic general education.

The approximate program specifies the content of the subject topics of the educational standard, gives an approximate distribution of teaching hours among the sections of the course and the recommended sequence of studying sections of physics, taking into account inter- and intra-subject connections, the logic of the educational process, the age characteristics of students, determines the minimum set of experiments demonstrated by the teacher in the classroom, laboratory and practical work performed by students.

The sample program is a guidefor compiling original curricula and textbooks, and can also be usedduring thematic planning of the course by the teacher.

the sequence of studying topics,
a list of demonstration experiments and
frontal laboratory work.

They can reveal in more detail the content of the material being studied, as well as ways to form a system of knowledge, skills and methods of activity, development and socialization of students.

Thus, the sample program helps maintain a unified educational space, without hindering the creative initiative of teachers, and provides ample opportunities for implementing different approaches to building a curriculum.

Document structure

A sample physics program includes three sections: an explanatory note; main content with an approximate distribution of training hours by sections of the course, the recommended sequence of studying topics and sections; requirements for the level of training of graduates.

General characteristics of the subject

Physics as a science about the most general laws of nature, acting as a subject at school, makes a significant contribution to the system of knowledge about the world around us. It reveals the role of science in the economic and cultural development of society and contributes to the formation of a modern scientific worldview. To solve the problems of forming the foundations of a scientific worldview, developing intellectual abilities and cognitive interests of schoolchildren in the process of studying physics, the main attention should be paid not to the transfer of the amount of ready-made knowledge, but to familiarization with the methods of scientific knowledge of the world around us, the formulation of problems that require students to independently work to solve them. We emphasize that schoolchildren are supposed to be introduced to the methods of scientific knowledge when studying all sections of the physics course, and not only when studying the special section “Physics and physical methods of studying nature.”

The humanitarian significance of physics as an integral part of general education is that it equips the studentscientific method of cognition, allowing you to obtain objective knowledge about the world around you.

Knowledge of physical laws is necessary for studying chemistry, biology, physical geography, technology, and life safety.

The physics course in the approximate program of basic general education is structured on the basis of consideration of various forms of motion of matter in the order of their complexity: mechanical phenomena, thermal phenomena, electromagnetic phenomena, quantum phenomena. Physics in basic school is studied at the level of consideration of natural phenomena, familiarity with the basic laws of physics and the application of these laws in technology and everyday life.

Objectives of studying physics

The study of physics in educational institutions of basic general education is aimed at achieving the following goals:

mastering knowledge about mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic and quantum phenomena; quantities characterizing these phenomena; the laws to which they are subject; methods of scientific knowledge of nature and the formation on this basis of ideas about the physical picture of the world;
mastery of skillsconduct observations of natural phenomena, describe and summarize the results of observations, use simple measuring instruments to study physical phenomena; present the results of observations or measurements using tables, graphs and identify empirical dependencies on this basis; apply the acquired knowledge to explain various natural phenomena and processes, the principles of operation of the most important technical devices, to solve physical problems;
development cognitive interests, intellectual and creative abilities, independence in acquiring new knowledge when solving physical problems and performing experimental research using information technology;
upbringing conviction in the possibility of knowing nature, in the need for wise use of the achievements of science and technology for the further development of human society, respect for the creators of science and technology; attitudes towards physics as an element of universal human culture;
application of acquired knowledge and skills to solve practical problems of everyday life, to ensure the safety of one’s life, rational use of natural resources and environmental protection.

Place of the subject in the curriculum

The federal basic curriculum for educational institutions of the Russian Federation allocates 210 hours for compulsory study of physics at the level of basic general education. Including 70 teaching hours in grades VII, VIII and IX at the rate of 2 teaching hours per week. The approximate program provides for a reserve of free study time of 21 hours (10%) for the implementation of original approaches, the use of various forms of organizing the educational process, the introduction of modern teaching methods and pedagogical technologies, and taking into account local conditions.

General educational abilities, skills and methods of activity

The sample program provides for the development of general educational skills, universal methods of activity and key competencies in schoolchildren. The priorities for the school physics course at the stage of basic general education are:

Cognitive activity:

the use of various natural science methods to understand the surrounding world: observation, measurement, experiment, modeling;
formation of skills to distinguish between facts, hypotheses, causes, consequences, evidence, laws, theories;
mastery of adequate methods for solving theoretical and experimental problems;
acquiring experience in putting forward hypotheses to explain known facts and experimentally testing put forward hypotheses.

Information and communication activities:

mastery of monologue and dialogic speech, development of the ability to understand the point of view of the interlocutor and recognize the right to a different opinion;

use of various sources of information to solve cognitive and communicative problems.

Reflective activity:

possession of skills to monitor and evaluate one’s activities, the ability to foresee the possible results of one’s actions:
organization of educational activities: goal setting, planning, determining the optimal ratio of goals and means.

Learning outcomes

The required results of studying the Physics course are given in the section “Requirements for the level of graduate training”, which fully complies with the standard. The requirements are aimed at the implementation of activity-based and personality-oriented approaches; students' mastery of intellectual and practical activities; mastering the knowledge and skills necessary in everyday life, allowing one to navigate the world around them, significant for preserving the environment and one’s own health.

The “Know/Understand” section includes requirements for educational material that is learned and reproduced by students. Graduates must understand the meaning of the physical concepts and laws being studied.

The “Be able to” section includes requirements based on more complex types of activities, including creative ones: explain physical phenomena, present measurement results using tables, graphs and identify empirical dependencies on this basis, solve problems using the studied physical laws, give examples of practical use the acquired knowledge, independently search for educational information.

The heading “Use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life” presents requirements that go beyond the educational process and are aimed at solving various life problems.

Main content (210 hours)

Physics and physical methods of studying nature (6 hours)

Physics is the science of nature. Observation and description of physical phenomena. Physical devices. Physical quantities and their measurement.Measurement errors.International system of units. Physical experiment and physical theory.Physical models. The role of mathematics in the development of physics. Physics and technology. Physics and the development of ideas about the material world.

Demonstrations

Examples of mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic and light phenomena.
Physical devices.

Laboratory work and experiments

Mechanical phenomena (57 hours)

Mechanical movement.Relativity of motion. Reference system.Trajectory. Path. Rectilinear uniform motion.Speed of uniform linear motion.Methods for measuring distance, time and speed.

Uneven movement.Instant speed. Acceleration. Uniformly accelerated motion. Free fall of bodies. Graphs of path and speed versus time.

Uniform movementaround the circumference. Period and frequency of circulation.

The phenomenon of inertia. Newton's first law. Body mass. Density of matter. Methods for measuring mass and density.

Interaction of bodies. Force.Rule of addition of forces.

Elastic force. Methods for measuring force.

Newton's second law. Newton's third law.

Gravity. The law of universal gravitation. Artificial Earth satellites.Body weight. Weightlessness. Geocentric and heliocentric systems of the world.

Friction force.

Moment of power. Lever equilibrium conditions. Center of gravity of the body.Conditions for equilibrium of bodies.

Pulse. Law of conservation of momentum. Jet propulsion.

Job. Power. Kinetic energy. Potential energy of interacting bodies. Law of conservation of mechanical energy. Simple mechanisms. Efficiency. Methods for measuring energy, work and power.

Pressure. Atmosphere pressure. Pressure measurement methods. Pascal's law. Hydraulic machines. Archimedes' law.Swimming conditions of bodies.

Mechanical vibrations.Period, frequency and amplitude of oscillations. Period of oscillation of mathematical and spring pendulums.

Mechanical waves. Wavelength. Sound.

Demonstrations

Uniform straight motion.
Relativity of motion.
Uniformly accelerated motion.
Free fall of bodies in a Newton tube.
The direction of speed during uniform motion in a circle.
The phenomenon of inertia.
Interaction of bodies.
Dependence of elastic force on spring deformation.
Addition of forces.
Friction force.
Newton's second law.
Newton's third law.
Weightlessness.
Law of conservation of momentum.
Jet propulsion.
Change in body energy when doing work.
Conversion of mechanical energy from one form to another.
Dependence of the pressure of a solid body on a support on the acting force and area of the support.
Atmospheric pressure detection.
Measuring atmospheric pressure with a barometer - aneroid.
Pascal's law.
Hydraulic Press.
Archimedes' law.
Simple mechanisms.
Mechanical vibrations.
Mechanical waves.
Sound vibrations.
Conditions for sound propagation.

Laboratory work and experiments

Measuring the speed of uniform motion.
Studying the dependence of the path on time at uniform anduniformly accelerated motion
Measuring the acceleration of rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion.
Mass measurement.
Measuring the density of a solid.
Measuring liquid density.
Measuring force with a dynamometer.
Addition of forces directed along one straight line.
Addition of forces directed at an angle.
Study of the dependence of gravity on body weight.
Study of the dependence of elastic force on spring elongation. Measuring spring stiffness.
Study of sliding friction force. Measuring the coefficient of sliding friction.
Study of lever equilibrium conditions.
Finding the center of gravity of a flat body.
Calculation of the efficiency of an inclined plane.
Measuring the kinetic energy of a body.
Measuring the change in potential energy of a body.
Power measurement.
Measuring Archimedean force.
Study of the floating conditions of bodies.
Study of the dependence of the period of oscillation of a pendulum on the length of the thread.
Measuring the acceleration of gravity using a pendulum.
Study of the dependence of the period of oscillation of a load on a spring on the mass of the load.

Thermal phenomena (33 hours)

Structure of matter.Thermal movement of atoms and molecules. Brownian motion. Diffusion. Interaction of particles of matter. Models of the structure of gases, liquids and solids andexplanation of the properties of matter based on these models.

Thermal movement.Thermal equilibrium. Temperature and its measurement. Relationship between temperature and average speed thermal chaotic movement of particles.

Internal energy. Work and heat transfer as ways to change the internal energy of a body. Types of heat transfer: thermal conductivity, convection, radiation. Quantity of heat. Specific heat. Law of conservation of energy in thermal processes. Irreversibility of heat transfer processes.

Evaporation and condensation. Saturated steam. Air humidity. Boiling. Dependence of boiling temperature on pressure.Melting and crystallization.Specific heat of melting and vaporization. Specific heat of combustion.Calculation of the amount of heat during heat transfer.

Operating principles of heat engines.Steam turbine. Internal combustion engine. Jet engine. Heat engine efficiency. Explanation of the device and operating principle of the refrigerator.

Energy conversion in heat engines.Environmental problems of using thermal machines.

Demonstrations

Compressibility of gases.

Diffusion in gases and liquids.
Model of chaotic motion of molecules.
Model of Brownian motion.
Maintaining the volume of liquid when changing the shape of the vessel.
Lead cylinder clutch.
The principle of operation of a thermometer.
Changes in the internal energy of a body during work and heat transfer.
Thermal conductivity of various materials.
Convection in liquids and gases.
Heat transfer by radiation.
Comparison of specific heat capacities of various substances.
The phenomenon of evaporation.
Boiling water.
Constancy of the boiling point of a liquid.
Phenomena of melting and crystallization.
Measuring air humidity with a psychrometer or hygrometer.
The structure of a four-stroke internal combustion engine.
Steam turbine design

Laboratory work and experiments

Study of changes in temperature of cooling water over time.
Study of the phenomenon of heat transfer.
Measuring the specific heat capacity of a substance.
Air humidity measurement.
Study of the dependence of gas volume on pressure at constant temperature.

Electrical and magnetic phenomena (30 hours)

Electrification of bodies. Electric charge. Two types of electric charges. Interaction of charges. Law of conservation of electric charge.

Electric field.The effect of an electric field on electric charges. Conductors, dielectrics and semiconductors.Capacitor. Electric field energy of a capacitor.

Constant electric current.DC sources.Actions of electric current.Current strength. Voltage. Electrical resistance. Electrical circuit.Ohm's law for a section of an electrical circuit.Series and parallel connections of conductors. Work and power of electric current. Joule-Lenz law.Electric charge carriers in metals, semiconductors, electrolytes and gases. Semiconductor devices.

Oersted's experience. Magnetic field of current.Interaction of permanent magnets.Earth's magnetic field. Electromagnet. Ampere power . Electric motor. Electromagnetic relay.

Demonstrations

Electrification of bodies.
Two types of electric charges.
The structure and operation of an electroscope.
Conductors and insulators.
Electrification through influence
Transfer of electric charge from one body to another
Law of conservation of electric charge.
Capacitor device.
Energy of a charged capacitor.
DC sources.
Drawing up an electrical circuit.
Electric current in electrolytes. Electrolysis.
Electric current in semiconductors. Electrical properties of semiconductors.
Electric discharge in gases.
Measuring current with an ammeter.
Observation of constant current strength in different sections of an unbranched electrical circuit.
Measuring current in a branched electrical circuit.
Measuring voltage with a voltmeter.
Rheostat and resistance store.
Measuring voltages in a series electrical circuit.
Dependence of current on voltage in a section of an electrical circuit.
Oersted's experience.
Magnetic field of current.
The effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor.
Electric motor design.

Laboratory work and experiments

Observation of the electrical interaction of bodies
Assembling an electrical circuit and measuring current and voltage.
Study of the dependence of the current in a conductor on the voltage at its ends at constant resistance.
Study of the dependence of current in an electrical circuit on resistance at constant voltage.
Studying the series connection of conductors
Studying parallel connection of conductors
Measuring resistance using an ammeter and voltmeter.
The study of the dependence of the electrical resistance of a conductor on its length, cross-sectional area and material. Resistivity.
Measurement of work and power of electric current.
Study of electrical properties of liquids.
Manufacturing of a galvanic cell.
Study of the interaction of permanent magnets.
Study of the magnetic field of a straight conductor and a coil with current.
Study of the phenomenon of magnetization of iron.
Studying the principle of operation of an electromagnetic relay.
Study of the effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor.
Studying the principle of operation of an electric motor.

Electromagnetic oscillations and waves (40 hours)

Electromagnetic induction. Faraday's experiments. Lenz's rule. Self-induction. Electric generator.

Alternating current . Transformer. Transfer of electrical energy over a distance.

Oscillatory circuit. Electromagnetic vibrations. Electromagnetic waves and their properties.The speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves.Principles of radio communications and television.

Light is an electromagnetic wave. Dispersion of light.The influence of electromagnetic radiation on living organisms.

Rectilinear propagation of light. Reflection and refraction of light. Law of light reflection. Flat mirror. Lens. Focal length of the lens. Lens formula. Optical power of the lens. The eye as an optical system. Optical instruments.

Demonstrations

Electromagnetic induction.
Lenz's rule.
Self-induction.
Producing alternating current by rotating a coil in a magnetic field.
Device DC generator.
Device alternating current generator.
Transformer device.
Transmission of electrical energy.
Electromagnetic vibrations.
Properties of electromagnetic waves.
The principle of operation of a microphone and loudspeaker.
Principles of radio communication.
Sources of light.
Rectilinear propagation of light.
Law of light reflection.
Image in a plane mirror.
Light refraction.
Path of rays in a collecting lens.
Path of rays in a diverging lens.
Taking images using lenses.
The principle of operation of the projection apparatus and camera.
Model of the eye.
White light dispersion.
Producing white light by adding light of different colors.

Laboratory work and experiments

Study of the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
Studying the principle of operation of a transformer.
Study of the phenomenon of light propagation.
Study of the dependence of the angle of reflection on the angle of incidence of light.
Study of image properties in a plane mirror.
Study of the dependence of the angle of refraction on the angle of incidence of light.
Measuring the focal length of a converging lens.
Obtaining images using a converging lens.
Observation of the phenomenon of light dispersion.

Quantum phenomena (23 hour)

Rutherford's experiments. Planetary model of the atom.Line optical spectra. Absorption and emission of light by atoms.

Composition of the atomic nucleus.Charge and mass numbers.

Nuclear forces. Binding energy of atomic nuclei.Radioactivity. Alpha, beta and gamma radiation. Half life. Methods for recording nuclear radiation.

Nuclear reactions. Nuclear fission and fusion.Sources of energy from the Sun and stars. Nuclear energy.

Dosimetry. The influence of radioactive radiation on living organisms. Environmental problems of nuclear power plants.

Demonstrations

Rutherford's model of experience.
Observation of particle tracks in a cloud chamber.
Design and operation of an ionizing particle counter.

Laboratory work and experiments

Observation of line emission spectra.
Measuring natural radioactive background with a dosimeter.

Free study time reserve (21 hours)

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LEVEL OF PREPARATION OF GRADUATES OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF BASIC GENERAL EDUCATION IN PHYSICS

As a result of studying physics, the student must

know/understand

meaning of concepts: physical phenomenon, physical law, matter, interaction, electric field, magnetic field, wave, atom, atomic nucleus, ionizing radiation;
meaning of physical quantities:path, speed, acceleration, mass, density, force, pressure, impulse, work, power, kinetic energy, potential energy, efficiency, internal energy, temperature, amount of heat, specific heat, air humidity, electric charge, electric current , electrical voltage, electrical resistance, work and power of electric current, focal length of the lens;
meaning of physical laws:Pascal, Archimedes, Newton, universal gravitation, conservation of momentum and mechanical energy, conservation of energy in thermal processes, conservation of electric charge, Ohm for a section of an electrical circuit, Joule-Lenz, rectilinear propagation of light, reflection of light;

be able to

describe and explain physical phenomena:uniform rectilinear motion, uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion, transmission of pressure by liquids and gases, floating of bodies, mechanical vibrations and waves, diffusion, thermal conductivity, convection, radiation, evaporation, condensation, boiling, melting, crystallization, electrification of bodies, interaction of electric charges, interaction of magnets, the effect of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor, the thermal effect of current, electromagnetic induction, reflection, refraction and dispersion of light;
use physical instruments and measuring instruments to measure physical quantities:distance, period of time, mass, force, pressure, temperature, air humidity, current, voltage, electrical resistance, work and power of electric current;
present measurement results using tables, graphs and identify empirical dependencies on this basis:path from time, elastic force from the elongation of the spring, friction force from the force of normal pressure, period of oscillation of the pendulum from the length of the thread, period of oscillation of the load on the spring from the mass of the load and from the stiffness of the spring, temperature of the cooling body from time, current strength from the voltage on the circuit section , angle of reflection from the angle of incidence of light, angle of refraction from the angle of incidence of light;
express the results of measurements and calculations in units of the International System;
give examples of the practical use of physical knowledgeabout mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic and quantum phenomena;
solve problems using learned physical laws;
independently search for information mation natural science content using various sources (educational texts, reference and popular science publications, computer databases, Internet resources), its processing and presentation in various forms (verbally, using graphs, mathematical symbols, drawings and structural diagrams);

use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life to:

ensuring safety during the use of vehicles, electrical appliances, and electronic equipment;
monitoring the serviceability of electrical wiring, water supply, plumbing and gas appliances in the apartment;
rational use of simple mechanisms;
background radiation safety assessments.