Secondary general education

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)

Social science

Unified State Exam in Social Studies: reviewing assignments with the teacher

My students, graduates of 2017, who successfully passed the Unified State Exam in social studies, claim that the recommendation to read the entire text of the work before starting assignments has a good effect when completing the work. When reading the work, emotional stress is relieved, brain activity is directed to analyzing the materials, and the graduate is involved in productive cognitive activity, leading to high scores for completing the work.

As materials for work, we use the version of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies 2017 (early period), published by FIPI in the spring of 2017.

Part 1

Task No. 1

Write down the word missing in the table.

Factors of production and factor income

When completing task No. 1, you need to carefully look at the title of the table. In our case, the table is called “Factors of production and factor income.” One of the factors of production is indicated: entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial abilities) and its factor income is indicated: profit. Knowledge of the main factors of production: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial abilities of information is inextricably linked with knowledge of factor income as income that the owner receives from the use or application of factors of production. Labor - wages, land - rent, capital - interest, entrepreneurial abilities, information - profit. The table shows factor income - rent, which means that in the first column we can safely enter such a factor of production as Earth. The correct answer is earth. When preparing, it is important for the student to know the complete characteristics of all factors of production.

Task No. 2

In the row below, find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts presented. Write it down word (phrase).

State form, form of government, unitary state, federation, republic.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task No. 2, it is always necessary to clearly define the generic concept (in the question it sounds like a generalizing concept). Our version presents: the form of the state, how device political organization of society (it is important to remember that this is also a certain set of characteristics by which we determine the method of organization and structure of the state); form of government, which is determined by the composition of the highest bodies of state power and the order of their formation, as well as by their interaction with the population of the state; a unitary state, which refers to one of the forms of state-territorial structure, like a federation; A republic is one of the forms of government. I always strongly recommend that my students, in a rough draft, immediately when they begin completing assignments related to the topic “Politics,” draw a diagram:

This is important because a typical mistake that graduates make when conducting test exams is associated with mixing concepts. And when the diagram is before your eyes, it will be more difficult to make a mistake.

Accordingly, based on the diagram, it becomes clear that the generic (generalizing concept for all others here will be the form of the state, i.e. its versatile characteristics presented in the answer options. The remaining concepts reflect these or other elements. For example, the form of government is given as part forms of state and republic, as one of the types of government.

Correct answer: form of state.

Task No. 3

Below is a list of characteristics. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the elite culture.

1. complexity of the forms used;
2. the desire of the authors to implement their own ideas;
3. entertaining character;
4. strongly commercial orientation;
5. spiritual aristocracy;
6. Requires special training to understand.

Find two characteristics that “fall out” from the general series and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

When completing task No. 3, pay attention to the concept in question. In this case, this is “elite culture” and we are asked about the characteristics of this concept. Elite culture is discussed in the topic “The spiritual sphere of social life.” The generic concept is “Culture”. In our case, the question is in the plane of varieties of culture (material, spiritual; folk, mass, elite). The task presents the features of elite culture: the complexity of the forms used, the authors’ desire to embody their own ideas, spiritual aristocracy, the requirement of special training for understanding. Well, really, are we all ready to perceive Schnittke’s musical works and analyze Kafka’s highly intellectual literary works? What can you say about Rodin's sculptures? It is clear that this culture is designed for a narrow circle of consumers prepared to perceive complex works. Elite culture does not seek commercial gain; self-expression and the search for new forms in art are important for authors.

Two characteristics that remain outside our attention: entertaining nature and a pronounced commercial orientation are the most important characteristics of mass culture. Therefore, in this case we will mark them as correct. Because in the task we are asked to remove unnecessary characteristics.

Task No. 4

Choose the correct judgments about society and social institutions and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Society is a constantly developing dynamic system.
2. Social progress is characterized by degradation, a return to outdated structures and relationships.
3. In a broad sense, society is understood as a part of the world separated from nature, but connected with it, including ways of interaction and forms of unification of people.
4. Social institutions perform the function of human socialization.
5. Society is a closed system that does not interact with the external environment.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task No. 4 we must discover judgments about society and public institutions. Here you cannot do without knowledge of the concepts: “society” in the broad and narrow senses; society as a system; “social institution”, as a historically established stable form of organizing joint activities of people, and knowledge of the types of social institutions in the main spheres of social life.

The first judgment characterizes society as a dynamic developing system - this judgment is correct, since it is an axiom in the course of social science.

The second judgment is incorrect, since progress, which is one of the directions of social development, is characterized by the development of society from lower to higher. And the judgment indicates: degradation, a return to already outdated structures and relationships, which are qualitative characteristics of another direction of social development - regression.

The third judgment almost completely reproduces the concept of “society” in a broad sense, and therefore is correct. What is missing there is “consisting of individuals with consciousness and will.”

The fourth proposition is correct. During socialization, a person learns the experience of previous generations. We know that social institutions establish certain patterns of behavior for people. This is best confirmed by such a social institution as the family, which belongs to the social subsystem of society.

The fifth proposition is incorrect. Society is a dynamic, open, self-developing system. It is almost impossible to apply the concept of a “closed system” that does not interact with the external environment to society. No special evidence is needed here. It is enough to recall the concept of society in the broad sense of “a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it.”

Thus, the correct judgments will be: 1, 3, 4.

Thematic planning in social studies

Task No. 5

Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types (forms) of activity: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.

Task No. 5 relates to the topic “Activities”. Types (forms of activity) are considered: play, learning, work, communication. To complete this task, it is enough to know the characteristics of each type (form of activity). The imaginary setting is a characteristic of the game (A 4), focus on achieving a practically useful result - to work (a person creates certain objects that satisfy needs) (B 2). Focus on acquiring new knowledge and skills - to study (AT 3). And not a single type (form) of activity is complete without communication. Therefore, the remaining two characteristics: the process of establishing and developing contacts between people and the focus on information exchange reflect the essence of communication (G 1, D 1). You just need to remember that in the process of communication people exchange not only information, but also emotions, influencing each other.

Despite the apparent ease of tasks, it is important to take your time and conduct an internal dialogue with yourself. Answer the question: why the chosen answer is correct, based on knowledge of concepts.

Task No. 6

Students conducted a study of the motives for educational activities of primary schoolchildren. Find in the list below the methods they used that correspond to the empirical level of scientific knowledge. Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. description of observed phenomena
2. putting forward and justifying hypotheses
3. explanation of existing relationships
4. direct observation of individual facts and phenomena
5. fixation of generalizations in the form of laws
6. obtaining quantitative data about the object being studied

Answer: ___________________________.

In task No. 6 they ask about the empirical level of scientific knowledge and its methods. We immediately mentally turn to the generic concept - “science”, recall the structure of scientific knowledge, which includes levels: empirical and theoretical, and classify the methods related to each level. We remember that empirical methods include: observation, description, measurement, classification, systematization, i.e. with their help, it is possible to identify specific properties of the objects being studied, in contrast to the theoretical level, aimed at identifying general trends, laws, etc.

This is how we found the correct answers: 1, 4, 6

Task No. 7

Choose the correct judgments about economic systems and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Private property is the basis of a command (planned) economy.
2. In a traditional economy, the main economic issues are resolved by central government agencies.
3. The main subjects of market relations are economically independent participants in economic life.
4. The incentive for enterprises to operate in a market system is profit.
5. Signs of a market economy include free pricing.

Answer: ___________________________.

Task No. 7 aims us at knowing the characteristics of economic systems as a way of organizing the economic life of society. Knowledge of the distinctive features of traditional, command (planned) or command-administrative, market and mixed economic systems is the basic knowledge of a graduate seeking to get a high score in the exam.

So, let's try. Private property is a prerequisite for the existence of a market model of an economic system. We are told in judgment that it is a command economy. This is not true, also because in a command economy state ownership dominates, and the main issues of the economy are decided by the central authorities. This means that the second judgment is also incorrect. The third judgment is correct, since in a market economy each owner has the right to freely and independently dispose of his factors of production.

The fourth and fifth judgments are also correct, since in a market economy the freedom of economic activity of individual entities is aimed at making a profit in a competitive environment and market mechanisms determine the price.

Right answers: 3, 4, 5.

Task No. 8

Establish a correspondence between the examples and types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation (in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation): for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Task No. 8 is related to the graduate’s financial literacy, namely knowledge of the types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The assignment defines the levels of taxes collected: federal, regional and local. When performing this task, it is important to clearly distinguish between types of taxes by level:

Thus, in our task we again use the empirical ranking method: A 3, B 3, C 1, D 3, D 2.

Authors: Vorontsov A.V., Koroleva G.E., Naumov S.A. The textbook covers the most important topics of the social science course: economics, politics and law. In accordance with modern scientific ideas, the authors reveal the features of the operation of the market mechanism and the role of the state in the economy, the fundamentals of political science, the functioning of the state and the development of democracy, the principles of law, the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

Task No. 9

Company Y is a wedding dress sewing studio. Find in the list below examples of variable costs of firm Y in the short run and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. costs of repaying interest on a previously taken loan
2. costs for the purchase of fabrics, threads, accessories
3. costs of paying piecework wages to employees
4. rent for studio premises
5. payment for consumed electricity
6. insurance premiums

Answer: ___________________________.

Completing task No. 9 requires knowledge of the topic “Company” and its key concepts: revenue, costs and profit. The assignment should clearly state the firm's variable costs in the short run, as opposed to fixed costs.

To complete a task without error, you also need to remember that variable costs change when production volume changes.

The company's credit histories will always relate to fixed costs, so the first option is not correct. But the purchase of fabrics, threads, and accessories refers to consumables, which means they are variable costs, as are the payment of piecework wages to workers, in contrast to salaries, which are the company’s fixed costs. Rent and insurance premiums are fixed costs for any company. Here's the payment consumed electricity (depending on the volume of work of the company) will be a variable cost.

Right answers: 2, 3, 5 .

Social science. Grade 11. A basic level of. Textbook. Authors: Nikitin A.F., Gribanova G.I., Martyanov D.S. The textbook is included in the educational and methodological complex in social studies for grade 11 (basic level). Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard for secondary (complete) general education, included in the Federal List. The textbook examines the most important issues of economics and law. The methodological apparatus of the textbook includes the headings “Thinking, comparing, drawing conclusions”, “Testing our knowledge”, “Researching, designing, discussing, arguing”.

The figure shows the change in the supply of chairs in the corresponding market: supply line S moved to a new position - S 1 . (P – price; Q – quantity.)

Which of the following factors could cause this change? Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. increase in the cost of materials for upholstery of chairs
2. increase in wages for workers at enterprises producing chairs
3. reducing the cost of materials for chair frames
4. reduction of taxes levied on furniture manufacturers
5. increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 10 requires a very careful reading of the question. It is necessary to understand what is being asked about: a change in the quantity of demand or the quantity of supply? In this case, the supply of chairs in the relevant market has changed. By observing the change in the supply curve, we can say that supply has decreased. When completing the task, you need to remember that changes in supply are affected by the cost of factors of production, technology, state tax policy, government support, price expectations, competition, etc.

Therefore, the first answer - an increase in the cost of materials for upholstering chairs will precisely contribute to a decrease in the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. An increase in wages for workers increases the cost of such a factor of production as labor, but at the same time reduces the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. The third option should lead to an increase in supply, since a decrease in the cost of raw materials leads to an increase in the supply of goods on the market (in our case, a decrease in the cost of material for the frame). The answer is not correct. Tax cuts will also increase supply. The answer is not correct. But an increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers will increase variable costs and reduce supply. So, an increase in the price of consumables, electricity tariffs, and wages for workers will force the company to either reduce production volumes or increase the cost of goods, which will lead to a decrease in supply on the market.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task No. 11

Choose the correct statements about social stratification and social mobility and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Horizontal mobility involves moving to a social group located at a different level of the social hierarchy.
2. One of the criteria for differentiating social groups is income.
3. Personal qualities of a person act as a criterion for the social stratification of modern society.
4. Sociologists distinguish between individual and collective mobility.
5. One of the criteria for the social stratification of society is the amount of power.

Answer: ___________________________.

When completing task No. 11, we proceed from knowledge of the concepts of “social stratification” and “social mobility”, criteria for social stratification, types of social mobility.

Horizontal mobility involves moving from one social group to another, located at the same level of the social ladder. Therefore, the first judgment is not correct. Differentiation (separation) of social groups in society occurs according to many criteria, one of which is income. And also the amount of power, education, prestige of the profession. The second and fifth judgments are correct, unlike the third. A person's personal qualities are not a criterion for social stratification. The fourth proposition is correct, since sociologists do distinguish between individual and collective mobility. For example, under the influence of the events of the 1917 revolution, the position of social groups shifted.

Right answers: 2, 4, 5.

During sociological surveys of adult residents of countries Z and Y, they were asked the question: “Which direction of the state’s youth policy do you consider the most important?”

The survey results (as a percentage of the number of respondents) are shown in the diagram.

Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. The share of those who note the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is smaller in country Z than in country Y.
2. Equal shares of respondents in each country consider it necessary to carry out educational work.
3. In country Z, the opinion about the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is less popular than the opinion about the importance of conducting educational work.
4. In country Y, equal shares of respondents note the creation of conditions for self-expression, self-realization of young people and carrying out educational work with them as the most important areas.
5. The share of those who consider the provision of social support most important is greater in country Z than in country Y.

Answer: ___________________________.

When completing task No. 12, you need to carefully read the terms of the sociological survey. In this case, the most important directions of the youth policy of the two countries were clarified. The chart shows data from these countries. Before reading the judgments presented, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In each country, the leading position was taken by the answer “providing social support.” Further, in country Z, the position “conducting educational work” was in second place, and the minimum position was occupied by the judgment “ensuring access to decision-making...”. In country Y, equally minimal positions were occupied by the judgments “ensuring access to decision-making...” and “creating conditions for self-expression.” After we have independently tried to analyze statistical materials, we try to analyze judgments.

The first judgment is correct, since the chart data demonstrates this position. The second judgment is not correct, since in country Z there are more people who consider “carrying out educational work” important compared to country Y.

The third judgment is correct, and we saw this during our own analysis of the diagram.

The fourth judgment is also correct; we also determined this during the analysis of the diagram and marked these positions as minimally identical.

The fifth proposition is not correct, this is clearly visible in the diagram. The indicators indicate the opposite result.

Right answers: 1, 3, 4.

Task No. 13

Choose the correct judgments about the state and its functions and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Environmental requirements established by the state form the basis of the country's environmental security.
2. The fundamental feature of any type of state is the implementation in it of the principle of separation of powers.
3. The state has a monopoly right to legally use coercion through law enforcement and security forces.
4. The external functions of the state include determining the general direction of the state's economic policy in accordance with the achieved level of economic development.
5. The state creates a regulatory and organizational basis for the effective and high-quality activities of government bodies.

Answer: ___________________________.

When completing task No. 13, it is important to remember the concept of “state”, its main features, external and internal functions. The first judgment directs us to such a feature of the state as the exclusive right for lawmaking. Therefore, the proposition “environmental requirements established by the state ( lawmaking), form the basis of the environmental security of countries” is correct. The second judgment is not correct, because the principle of separation of powers is implemented in a democratic state, and, therefore, this feature is not fundamental for any type of state.

The third proposition, “the state has the monopoly right to legally use coercion through the forces of law enforcement and security agencies,” essentially takes us to the most important feature of the state – the monopoly legal right to coercion. The fourth judgment is erroneous, since it reflects the most important internal function of the state “determining the general direction of the state’s economic policy.” The fifth judgment combines two features of the state: lawmaking and the system of bodies and mechanisms for exercising public power (we are talking about government bodies). We read: “the state creates normative And organizational basis for efficient and high-quality activities government agencies.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task No. 14

Establish a correspondence between the issues and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation, to whose jurisdiction these issues relate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

To correctly complete task No. 14, you must have a good knowledge of the basics of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the functionality of all branches of government in the Russian Federation. First, you need to carefully look at which subjects of state power of the Russian Federation are indicated in the task. In our case, they are not named directly, but the levels are indicated: only the federal center and jointly the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Knowledge of the principles of the federal structure of the Russian Federation will come to the rescue. Remember that in a federation the principle of the integrity of the state, the unity of state power, and the division of powers is realized, which is what we are asked about. Previously, we saw the separation of powers when completing a task about taxes. You need to remember what is within the exclusive competence of federal bodies: all issues of international relations, defense and security, judicial system, federal property, etc.

The first competence – issues of ownership, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources are under joint jurisdiction A 2. Those. This is an issue on which the center and the subjects share responsibility in solving problems. Thus, it would be correct to include “implementation of measures to combat disasters” under the same position. AT 2. Federal funds for regional development implement the fundamentals of federal policy and federal programs, therefore B 1. Positions G and D fall within the exclusive competence of federal bodies, therefore G 1, D 1.

Task No. 15

In the democratic state Z, during the reform of the electoral system for parliamentary elections, a transition was made from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one.

Which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Write down the relevant numbers.

1. free and voluntary participation of citizens in elections
2. granting the right to vote to citizens over 18 years of age, regardless of nationality, gender, professional affiliation, level of education, income
3. secret voting procedure
4. voting in single-member constituencies
5. dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by a party on the number of votes
6. possibility of nominating independent non-party candidates

Answer: ___________________________.

Question No. 15 is related to the electoral process. Despite the fact that at the beginning of the question they explain to us the reform, during which there was a transition from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one. The essence of the question is not so much about the types of electoral systems and their reform, but about elections in general(topic “Political participation”). We need to remember the basic principles of elections in a democratic state: direct participation of citizens, universal, equal, direct suffrage, secret ballot, voluntary participation.

Accordingly, the first judgment is correct. The second judgment refers us to the principle of equality in suffrage, therefore it is also true. The third judgment is correct; one of the principles is also presented - secret voting.

The fourth judgment goes beyond the question: which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Voting in single-mandate constituencies takes us to the organization of the electoral process under a majoritarian system, as opposed to a proportional system, where the state acts as a single electoral district. This means that this judgment reflects a change in the electoral process. The answer is not correct in our case. The dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by a party on the number of votes also applies to the proportional electoral system, which is not true for our question. The sixth option also reflects the majoritarian electoral model.

Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 .

Task No. 16

Which of the following applies to the political rights (freedoms) of a citizen of the Russian Federation? Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. holding meetings and rallies
2. appeal to government agencies
3. payment of legally established taxes and fees
4. defense of the Fatherland
5. participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives

Answer: ___________________________.

Question No. 16 again takes us back to the basics of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation. Rights and freedoms of man and citizen. It is important to know four groups of rights and freedoms: personal (civil), political, socio-economic, cultural. Our assignment asks about political rights, which ensure the participation of citizens in the exercise of political power. Therefore, holding meetings and rallies is correct, appealing to government bodies is correct, participation in managing the affairs of the state through one’s representatives is correct. Payment of taxes and fees, protection of the Fatherland are among the constitutional responsibilities of a citizen, as well as compliance with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, concern for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, care for children and disabled parents.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task No. 17

Choose the correct judgments about family law in the Russian Federation and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Family law regulates property and personal non-property relations between family members.
2. The marriage is suspended due to the civil registry office declaring one of the spouses dead.
3. Marriage takes place at the civil registry office (registry office).
4. The legal regime for the property of spouses is established only by a marriage contract.
5. Parents are required to provide maintenance for their minor children.

Answer: ___________________________.

Analyzing the materials of assignment No. 17, we highlight the basic concepts and norms related to family law. The first judgment will be correct, since it refers us to Article 2 of the Family Code. The key institution of family law is marriage concluded in the civil registry office (judgment 3), which gives rise to mutual rights and obligations of the spouses. The second judgment confuses us a little; it is known that in connection with the death of one of the spouses, the second spouse needs to come to the registry office to obtain a certificate about his death, and as a consequence of this, dissolution of marriage. Our assignment states: a marriage is suspended due to the civil registry office declaring one of the spouses dead. The answer is not correct. The fourth and fifth options take us to the property rights and responsibilities of spouses. The fifth option is correct, since the wording is at the intersection of constitutional obligations and family law norms: parents are obliged to provide maintenance to their minor children. But the fourth option is erroneous because of its wording: the legal regime of the spouses’ property is established only marriage contract. This is not true because Not only a marriage contract, and also the norms of family law, i.e. The legal regime of the spouses' property is regulated by family law and established by the marriage contract.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task No. 18

Establish a correspondence between the examples and measures of legal liability in the Russian Federation: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Task No. 18 relates to legal liability. When completing the task, it is important to remember the types of legal liability: criminal, administrative, civil and disciplinary. A reprimand is a disciplinary sanction - A 2. A warning refers to a type of administrative penalty - B 3. Dismissal on appropriate grounds (for example, absenteeism, a single gross violation of labor duties, repeated failure by an employee to fulfill labor duties, etc.) – AT 2. Remark – disciplinary action, G 2. Imprisonment - criminal liability for committing a crime - D 1.

Task No. 19

Joint Stock Company "Sweet Charm" produces confectionery products. Find in the list the features that distinguish a joint stock company from other organizational and legal forms of enterprises. Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

• division of the company's authorized capital into equal parts, each of which is issued by a security
• mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees
• obligation of employees to comply with labor discipline
• distribution of profits between employees in accordance with their labor participation
• bearing the risk of losses within the value of the securities owned by the participant
• payment of dividends to owners at the end of the year

Answer: ___________________________.

To complete task No. 19, it is necessary to distinguish between the organizational and legal forms of enterprises. In our case, highlight the distinctive features of a joint stock company. We remember that joint stock companies, like limited liability companies, are classified as business entities. These are commercial organizations, i.e. the purpose of their activity is to make a profit. The authorized capital is divided into a certain number of shares. Participants can be citizens, legal entities and public legal entities. Therefore, answer option 1 – “dividing the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is represented by a security” will be correct. It is known that shareholders are not liable for the obligations of a joint-stock company, but bear the risk of losses from the company’s activities within the limits of the value of their shares. Therefore, option 5 – “bearing the risk of losses within the value of the securities owned by the participant” (share – security) will be correct, as well as answer 6 – “payment of dividends to the owners at the end of the year.” Judgments 2 and 3 – “mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees”, “obligation of employees to observe labor discipline” refer to general provisions of Labor Law. But “distribution of profits among workers in accordance with their labor participation” is a characteristic of such an organizational and legal form of an enterprise as a “production cooperative” (artel).

Right answers: 1, 5, 6 .

Task No. 20

Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

“A person who actively masters and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is _________(A). This is a person with his own socially formed and individually expressed qualities: _________ (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people _________ (B), learns and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process of _________ (D).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social connections, a person’s relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized by _________(D) to develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all influences of social life, to all experience. This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, and bears _________ (E) for his choice.”

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used one once.

Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:

1. activity
2. intellectual
3. duty
4. everyday
5. responsibility
6. socialization
7. personality
8. pursuit
9. communication

The table below shows the letters representing the missing words. Write down the number of the word you chose in the table under each letter.

When completing task No. 20, I recommend that you first try to read the text and independently substitute words that, in your opinion, are suitable in meaning. This is how a semantic understanding of the content of the text is achieved. And when you read it again, select words from those on the list. You will have a situation of success when the words you selected coincide with those proposed from the list. So, we try to read, inserting words that are close in meaning, then select from those available in the task.

“A person who actively masters and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is personality (A)(personality is a set of socially significant properties and qualities of a person. Where a personality is formed - in society. What a personality does is transform the world and himself). This is a person with his own socially formed and individually expressed qualities: intellectual (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. (in this case, socially significant qualities are listed). Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people, activities (B) cognizes and changes the world and himself (one of the definitions of activity is the conscious activity of a person, through which a person changes the world around him and changes himself; the process of human interaction with the world around him). The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process socialization (G).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social connections, a person’s relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized desire (D) develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all the influences of social life, all experiences (again explained through the process of socialization, which lasts throughout a person’s life). This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries responsibility (E) for your choice (freedom and responsibility in human life).”

Part 2

Read the text and complete tasks 21–24.

In a broad sense, underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the individual’s qualifications and professional training, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could have had performing that work (and in that volume) , which I could claim...

Cyclical unemployment is associated with fluctuations in labor demand. A recession is a cyclical decline in business activity that causes people to lose their jobs until demand picks up again and business activity picks up. Seasonal unemployment occurs due to seasonal fluctuations in the demand for labor. It affects those involved in fishing, construction and agriculture. Those who change jobs and those who are not currently employed due to moving from one place to another are called functional (frictional) unemployed. Functional (frictional) unemployment is considered, although inevitable, but still an acceptable consequence of a healthy economy. It can be assumed that even with full employment, wage earners will move from place to place.

The structurally unemployed experience difficulties in obtaining work due to insufficient or becoming insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. Even during periods of high employment levels, unemployment remains disproportionately high among the structurally unemployed.

Unemployment is not just a lack of work... Although unemployment can be a creative, will-mobilizing experience, most people who go through it report experiencing despair, powerlessness and confusion, especially if they have been out of work for longer than a few weeks. For most people, hired work is the main, and often the only, means of meeting their material needs for food, clothing, and a roof over their heads. Research shows that those who do not like their jobs still prefer to keep it even when given the opportunity to live on other incomes. Although working conditions can cause adverse consequences, lack of work leads to no less problems: increased stress, family conflicts, and addiction to alcohol and drugs.

(K.H. Brier)

When starting to complete tasks on texts 21-24, you should initially read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work through the text with a pen to ensure maximum absorption of the content. I do not recommend that my students immediately read the question and randomly, during a quick reading, look for answers. Typically, this practice leads to incorrect answers and lower scores on the exam.

Task No. 21

How does the text indicate the effect of a recession on cyclical unemployment? What sectors of the economy, according to the author, are affected by seasonal unemployment? (Indicate all industries mentioned in the text.) How does the author explain the inevitability of functional (frictional) unemployment?

Answer: “A recession is a cyclical decline in business activity that causes people to lose their jobs until demand picks up again and business activity picks up.” Those. labor demand fluctuates.

Task No. 22

It is also better to complete task No. 22 in parts.

Answer: “underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the individual’s qualifications and professional training, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could have had performing that work (and in that volume) , which I could claim..."

Hypothesize why some workers accept underemployment (make two hypotheses). When completing this assignment, I recommend that students write each guess on a new line.

In our case, we can model the answer using the text. We do not provide examples because this is not specified in the assignment.

Answer: workers agree to part-time work because it is important for a person to feel significant and needed. Even part-time work gives a person a sense of stability, relieves social tension, and gives the opportunity to participate in public life.

Workers agree to part-time work because in a crisis, even such work can be the only source of income for their families, protection from social upheavals, and allows them to maintain their way of life.

Task No. 23

The author notes that “even during periods of high employment levels, disproportionately high unemployment remains among the structurally unemployed.” Using social science knowledge, explain the reason for this level of unemployment among these categories of citizens. Name any two measures to prevent discrimination against the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The author tells us the reasons for high unemployment among the structural unemployed: insufficient or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. But the task also requires the use of social science knowledge. We recall that from the social studies course we know that structural unemployment is associated with the inability to employ people in certain professions and the discrepancy between supply and demand in the labor market.

Answer: A high level of structural unemployment, even during periods of high employment in the country, is usually associated with changes in production technologies and scientific and technological progress. Those. people of certain professions are no longer in demand in the labor market (examples are not required in the task, only an explanation of the problem).

Name any two measures to prevent discrimination against the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this case, we are asked to turn to the norms of the Labor Law of the Russian Federation, since it regulates relations in the field of hired labor.

Answer: The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains prohibitions on discrimination:

1. citizens of the Russian Federation have equal opportunities for employees to be promoted at work, taking into account labor productivity, qualifications and work experience in their specialty, as well as for training and additional professional education;
2. Restrictions on labor rights or receipt of advantages are prohibited depending on gender, race, skin color, nationality, language, origin, property, family, social and official status, age, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership or non-membership of public associations or any social groups, as well as from other circumstances not related to the employee’s business qualities.

The guarantee of non-discrimination of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the right of a person who considers himself discriminated against in the sphere of labor to apply to the court for the restoration of violated rights, compensation for material damage and compensation for moral damage.

Task No. 24

Why, according to the author, does unemployment cause a state of despair and confusion in a person? Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested.

Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested (in this case, we must give examples, because the question says “facts of social life”).

1. Unemployment provides an incentive for retraining if the profession is in little demand in the labor market. A break in employment for retraining and improving the level of education. Citizen N, after registering with the Employment Center, was sent for vocational training as an electric and gas welder.
2. Unemployment provides an opportunity for self-employment. For example, after dismissal from his main job when an enterprise in Moscow was closed, citizen N moved to the Moscow region, submitted documents to the Moscow Employment Center, where he received advice on opening a farm, assistance in drawing up a business plan and one-time financial assistance.

Task No. 25

What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “art”? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, compose two sentences: one sentence containing information about the types of art, and one sentence revealing the essence of the educational function of art.

Task No. 25 can be successfully completed only if you know the basic concepts of the course. Art is a form of culture that reflects the surrounding reality in artistic images. An artistic image can be expressed in different types of art: music, painting, architecture, sculpture, literature. Works of art have a great influence on the formation of a person’s personality.

Task No. 26

Name and illustrate with examples any three main responsibilities of an employer enshrined in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

In task No. 26, it is necessary to name and illustrate examples of any three main responsibilities of the employer enshrined in the Labor Code:

1. Ensure safety and working conditions in accordance with labor protection standards. At enterprise N, in order to improve the working conditions of workers, training sessions were held on injury prevention,
2. Pay wages in full on time. For delaying payment of wages, the management of enterprise Y was held accountable in the form of being forced to pay employees interest in addition to their wages.
3. Implement compulsory social insurance for employees. In the employment contract signed by citizen N with the company, a clause on compulsory social insurance of citizen N was included in the section of the employer’s responsibilities.

Task No. 27

A new political party was registered in State Z. It has central governing bodies and regional branches. The party proclaims as its basic principles traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, and society over the interests of the individual. During the elections, the political party received the required number of votes and received seats in parliament. Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation. Give the fact that allowed you to draw this conclusion. Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

• the party is registered;
• central government bodies and regional branches (a sign indicating a mass party);
• basic principles: traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual (a sign indicating ideological affiliation - conservative);
• entered parliament after the elections (participates in government - a sign indicating the ruling party);

Now the questions: Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation.

Answer: Conservative Party.

Give the fact that allowed you to draw this conclusion.

Answer: Because it defends the principles of tradition and stability of development (traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual).

Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

Answer: According to their ideological orientation, liberal and socialist parties can be distinguished. Signs of the liberal party: inalienability of natural human rights, their priority over the interests of society and the state, political pluralism, free market economy.

Task No. 28

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Types of families.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

To write a plan for any social science topic, you must clearly understand the structure of studying the topic. Essentially, this task tests students' understanding of the structure of the topic. Therefore, writing a plan depends on the quality of assimilation of the topic material and understanding of its structure. In this case, the topic of the plan is “Types of families.”

1. The concept of family as a small group based on marriage or consanguinity.
2. Family functions (may not be indicated in this version of the plan)
3. Types of families according to the nature of relationships between members:
1. Traditional (patriarchal family), its features:
   A) cohabitation of several generations;
   B) male supremacy;
   C) economic dependence of family members on men;
   D) strict distribution of responsibilities
2. Partner (democratic) family:
   A) nuclearity;
   B) decision-making by all family members;
   C) women’s economic independence;
   D) fair distribution of household responsibilities
4. Types of families in relation to raising children:
1. Authoritarian;
2. Democratic;
3. Liberal (permissive)
4. Modern trends in family development

Task 29

Select one from the statements proposed below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic raised).

When expressing your thoughts about the raised problem (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use knowledge received while studying a social studies course, corresponding concepts, and data public life and one's own life experience.

(Give at least two examples from different sources for factual argumentation.)

29.1. Philosophy. “The privilege of fish, rats and wolves is to live by the law of supply and demand; the law of human life is justice.” (D. Ruskin)

29.2. Economy. “The types of businesses are different, but the business as a system remains the same regardless of its scale and structure, products, technologies and markets.” (P. Drucker)

29.3. Sociology, social psychology. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, that’s the most important thing, but schools that nurture the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

29.4. Political science. “The supreme power is worthy of veneration only insofar as it is the means of securing human rights.” (A. Custine)

29.5. Jurisprudence. “Protection of rights is a duty to society. He who defends his own right defends the right in general.” (R. Iering)

Exercise 29. 3. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, that’s the most important thing, but schools that nurture the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly understand the sphere of society to which the chosen topic relates. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your “baggage of knowledge”, understand which of the topics you have clearer theoretical ideas on, which of the topics you can give the best examples that reveal the content of the topic.

In this case, we chose a topic from the section sociology, social psychology. We understand that the problem of the modern school and education system immediately arises. The eternal question: the tasks of education, training and education, what is more important? The issue of socialization is also touched upon - “schools that educate the individual.” I note that we cannot go into the concept of the topic of the spiritual sphere of society here, because we are writing an essay from another section. So, let's try to write.

What social order should the school fulfill - to give students only a high level of education? Or fulfill an equally important mission – personal development?

As is known from the course of social studies, education is a way of personality development through people’s acquisition of knowledge, acquisition of skills and abilities, development of creative abilities through a system of social institutions, the most important of which is school.

When we talk about a school as an institution that provides education, we understand that we are talking about a social institution that has a number of elements: these are educational standards and programs, operating principles, which include a network of educational institutions and governing bodies.

To improve the quality of education, the state is taking a number of measures: lengthening the duration of training, increasing the requirements for the level of qualifications of teachers, using the variability of educational programs, building individual educational trajectories for students, equipping schools with modern equipment, and introducing new forms of final certification.

As a result, we see school graduates demonstrating high scores on the Unified State Examination, which gives them the opportunity to take budget places in leading universities in the capital. According to the results of international studies presented by the Higher School of Economics, in which 49 countries took part, Russian primary school students occupy leading positions in the world in reading, mathematics and science. And also 8th grade math. According to researchers, this result was achieved thanks to the introduction of new educational standards and a unified state certification system.

But are educational results enough for society and individuals? The author of the quote clearly points us to the most important component of the educational process: the education of a person’s personality.

Based on the functions of education: economic, social and cultural, it becomes clear that it is in the cultural function - the use of previously accumulated culture for the purpose of educating a person and developing his creative abilities - that this problem manifests itself.

In addition to lessons, grades, exams, there is also a school life rich in events: class hours, school festivals, hikes, joint trips with classmates around Russia and to other countries.

In all this, the student learns to interact with other people, demonstrates his abilities and talents. It is in this atmosphere that the social function of education is realized. Through the socialization of the individual, the assimilation of social norms, statuses and roles.

As an example, we can cite our favorite film from childhood, “Eccentric from 5 B,” which vividly demonstrates how the school community and class shape Bori’s personality. How he learns responsibility when he is assigned as a 1st grade counselor.

Thus, V.V. In his statement, Putin once again emphasized the importance of society and school understanding the inseparability of the two most important processes associated with the socialization of the individual – education and upbringing.”

The Unified State Exam in Social Studies is the most popular elective exam and at the same time one of the most difficult subjects on the Unified State Exam. What are the pros and cons of the exam for those who decide to take the Unified State Exam in social studies? What should the preparation for the Unified State Examination in social studies consist of? Social studies teacher at gymnasium No. 1576 Alexander Gulin participated in the “Unified State Exam for Teachers” campaign, during which teachers voluntarily took the exam in an environment as close as possible to the exam room. Here are his impressions, presented on the Mel portal.

As a school student, the Unified State Exam found me indirectly. Back in 2002, as an experiment at school, we were offered to take the Unified State Exam in Geography after the 10th grade, which I successfully did with a score of 63 out of 64 points.

When I came to work at the school in 2009, I was immediately given a graduating class, which had to be prepared in history and social studies. Since then, every year I have had a graduating class, as well as working with applicants at the university.

Since the introduction of the mandatory Unified State Exam in 2008, both the exam itself and the procedure for conducting it have changed significantly. According to statistics, two-thirds of all graduates choose social studies - this is the most common elective exam. In the fall of 2016, I myself had the opportunity to pass an exam in my subject, taking part in the “Unified State Exam for Teachers” campaign.

Unified State Exam assignments in social studies

The exam consists of two parts and includes 29 tasks in five modules of social studies: man and society, including cognition and spiritual culture, economics, social relations, politics, law. Twenty tasks with a short answer and nine with a detailed answer. A total of 62 primary points can be scored. The duration of the exam is 3 hours 55 minutes.

Interesting fact: if it lasted 4 hours, then at the PPE (exam point) it would be necessary to organize meals for the participants.

Disadvantages of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies

1. Different levels of difficulty of options. If the first part has clearly assigned tasks for various modules, then in the second part one may come across a text about family (from social relations), and another about cognition (a theory from philosophy). For assignments to the text, you can get 12 initial points, which can critically affect the result of one of the test takers.
2. Subjectivity of checking the second part. The tasks of the first part are checked by computer, and the second part is checked by experts. (There is a complex verification algorithm: first, two experts check, if their results differ greatly, then a third one is involved, and so on.) Ordinary teachers work as experts, and they are given strict deadlines for submitting results. The criteria themselves are often vague: “other examples of similar meaning may be given” - a quote from the criteria. As far as I remember, the student managed to defend 12 (!) points on appeal (although this was not in Moscow).
3. Appeal algorithm. Several years ago, subject commissions were simply inundated with applications for appeal. The students can understand: their future fate may depend on one score. This could completely paralyze the work of the commission.

To improve the situation, clear appeal rules have been adopted. Only children and parents without teachers are allowed to attend (the most interesting thing is when a parent-teacher comes). According to the current algorithm, the commission can revise the scores either upward or downward - the flow of appeals has decreased.

In fairness, it should be noted that the quality of testing is constantly improving. Over the past five years, the discrepancies have rarely been 1-2 points. When students send me scans of their work, I immediately see where and for what they were deducted points, transparency has increased.

1. Lack of a proper textbook. As mentioned above, the subject consists of five modules, and it is impossible to prepare for a high result using any current textbook. The fate of the subject itself in school is now very vague; some schools introduce separate subjects or special courses (theory of knowledge, law, economics, political science, sociology) to prepare for the exam.
2. The prohibitive complexity of some modules. Example one: in an assignment on law in the topic “Legal Entities,” sometimes you have to delve into the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which is studied by humanities students in the 2nd or 3rd year. 92% of legal entities are LLCs (limited liability companies), but on the exam, of course, you will come across a task about limited partnerships (limited partnerships), which in real life amount to hundredths of a percent.

Example two: a mandatory task on knowledge of the Constitution was included in the exam; now the children need to memorize 1-2 chapters (or better yet, all 137 articles). The appendix to the specification lists 11 regulations that you need to know, but you cannot use any source during the exam.

Advantages of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies

1. Creates equal conditions for admission. When opponents of the Unified State Exam try to return the old procedures, I remember my preparation for admission. In the 10th grade, I took courses at Moscow State University, because everyone knew: without classes with teachers who will take the exam, it is impossible to enroll. In the 11th grade, I took courses at the pedagogical school and there they actually gave me the material for admission.

Nowadays, decent universities can allow themselves to choose their applicants based on the results of the Unified State Exam, without regard to the “protection” of their own employees. Students from the regions now have a real chance to enter universities in the capital.

1. This is not a guessing game. Although the first part consists of test tasks, it is impossible to complete them at random. They are called “short answer tasks”: tasks to select several correct answers, tasks with tables, tasks to establish correspondence, tasks to define terms and concepts. In most of the tasks in the second part, you can unleash your creativity by making interesting arguments. This is especially important when writing social studies essays.
2. Gives useful life skills. The skill of meaningful reading and analysis of information helps a lot in reality. Former students understand why to read loan agreements, how to assert their rights, and how to plan a budget. Some engineering students note that the material they studied in grades 10-11 allowed them to easily cope with non-core subjects at university.
3. Increases motivation. All participants in the educational process (school, students and parents) are gradually coming to the realization that it will no longer be possible to pass social studies well by simply starting to study or hiring a tutor a year before the test. Therefore, schools are changing their approach to this subject: students already in grades 7-8 are thinking about what they need to do to prepare. Parents, when enrolling their child in first grade, focus on the quality of preparation for the Unified State Exam at school. As a result, the quality of education improves.

How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies

Of course, there is no single algorithm. But the general recommendations are:

• study well in secondary school: in grades 5-9, material is given that lays the basis for the Unified State Exam;
• choose social studies as an exam in the 9th grade (OGE), this will be good training for the Unified State Exam;
• participate in Olympiads, especially the All-Russian and Moscow Olympiads for schoolchildren;
• attend developmental clubs and extra classes at school;
• be sure to start your day by reading news on the Internet or newspapers, this is a necessary condition for successfully completing the tasks of the second part;
• attending training courses or a tutor is an extreme and very ambiguous thing, let’s leave it on the conscience of the parents.

What impressions did passing the Unified State Exam leave me with?

1. There really isn't enough time. Having solved the demo option from the FIPI website (Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements) in 20 minutes, I barely managed to complete 235 on the exam.
2. The tasks are more difficult than in manuals and training work. There are much fewer ambiguous ambiguous tasks than in training work (I came across one, and I was wrong about it).
3. An exam is very stressful. When I chose the correct answer in the draft and simply forgot to transfer it to the answer form, a picture arose before my eyes of how I reprimanded one of my students for this mistake. Now I have a different attitude towards such things.
4. I still needed an appeal. I was given a 0 for the essay, but after applying they revised it and gave me 3 out of 5 (which is basically normal).
5. 100 points on the Unified State Exam in social studies is luck and perseverance. I received my well-deserved 90 points, for which I am not ashamed in front of my students (in the test I made a mistake on an ambiguous question: I knew the correct answer, but outsmarted myself). I didn’t transfer part of the 25th task onto the form. Well, an essay is always a subjective assessment.

Comment on the article "How to pass the Unified State Exam in social studies? The result of a social studies teacher is 90 points"

And in social studies there are also textbooks as smart as a mouse’s tail. Requires fairly clear formulations, knowledge of legislation (by article), etc. Recommend trusted tutors in social studies, English and Russian to prepare for the Unified State Exam.

Discussion

Psychology, biology or physical education? This set doesn't seem to go anywhere else.
If the school doesn’t kick you out of the profiles, then you don’t have to worry about it for now, OGE at 3rd level is not scary yet.
But for the Unified State Exam, you will have to work hard on knowledge - not rap, but courses. Schools do not prepare for the Unified State Exam; at most they provide the correct basic set of knowledge, on the basis of which you can further study

He calmly prepares for the oge himself. Take and decide - decide the tickets. There is nothing complicated in the Unified State Exam, it’s not worth wasting money.... And I’m already preparing for the Unified State Exam with teachers.

Unified State Exam in Social Studies: 5 pitfalls of the popular exam. Preparing for the Unified State Exam - expert advice: social studies is an exact science. Is it possible to prepare for the OGE in social studies on your own? For me personally, preparation for any >.

Effective preparation for the Unified State Exam in social studies. We are choosing an option for effective dorm training for next year. My friend says that preparation for the Unified State Exam is in great demand now. He says that now absolutely everyone needs it. someone's exam...

The Unified State Examination in social studies is the most popular elective exam after the mandatory Unified State Examination in mathematics and the Russian language. Preparing for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies: expert advice, questions and assignments. Social studies at school and preparation for exams in courses. Human...

Training in writing and arguing essays.

Please advise which manuals to pay attention to in preparing for the OGE. In social studies, my daughter mainly solved assignments on Dmitry Gushchin’s website and many of the actual assignments for the Unified State Exam this year did not coincide with any of the options, which...

Discussion

In Russian we study according to Akhremenkova “Towards an A, step by step.” It’s convenient that first there is theory, then there are a lot of exercises and there are answers.

Last year my daughter took dormitory and physics, so I can’t tell you about English.
IMHO: in mathematics, the optimal way to prepare is to print it out yourself and solve the options from Larin’s website [link-1]. Plus solve tasks online on Dmitry Gushchin’s website [link-2].
If you buy, then only manuals from the “FIPI-school” series [link-3]
There are some errors in the simulators/collections of other publishing houses (we bought collections from AST, Exam, Legion), and I would not have noticed some of the errors if it weren’t for a friend who is a tutor. For example, the answers in the test part are obtained in the form of ordinary fractions or roots, but this is impossible in the format of a real OGE, and children preparing using normal simulators reject such solutions on autopilot as incorrect.
My daughter was well prepared in Russian at school; as an elective, the children studied a collection from the same series. If you have problems with your essay (my daughter didn’t have any), the teacher advised me to additionally buy Pavlova/Ranneva workbooks, but I don’t have personal experience with them, so I can’t definitely recommend them.
In social studies, my daughter mainly completed assignments on Dmitry Gushchin’s website and read a lot. At the last stage, I found Kalacheva’s collection [link-4] very useful. There, the tasks are grouped not by options, but by types of questions - it is very convenient to practice the skill of solving tests of certain types until automaticity, when the basic material, in principle, has already been well studied.

Recommend a manual for the OGE. Unified State Exam and other exams. Teenagers. Recommend manuals for preparation in the Russian language, social studies, history, mathematics, literature. In social studies, I also liked this: [link-2] the tasks from 2 are well analyzed there...

Discussion

I can answer you about my English. My students and I spent the whole year preparing primarily based on assignments on the fipi website. We did EVERYTHING. As a result, my students knew all 4 letter options perfectly well. We also learned about listening and listened to it in class. I haven’t taken the oral part yet, but I know that all the tasks there are fipi. Within a year, the benefits of Verbitskaya, Milrud and Veselova were overcome.

06/02/2016 07:58:12, Evgeniya__

Not the same. For preparation, take only fancy and only fresh books (they usually appear in October and can disappear quite quickly:) otherwise something changes every year.
In Russian, at school we were told to buy two books, one contains grammar, the other contains everything else (I can confuse it, I don’t really understand what the child said to buy, so I bought it)
Grekov with exactly this name [link-1] and Rosenthal [link-2]
The teacher said that it would also be useful for preparing for the Unified State Exam later.
I won’t say anything about the rest, I just bought a fipi book with tasks and a disk for English, mine needed it more for familiarization.
We ran mathematics for a whole year using Larin’s variants (new on the website once a week, everything was solved) and according to a recent book, too.

Creative task in social studies. Social studies 6th grade, ed. Bogolyubov and Ivanova. Preparing for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies: expert advice, questions and assignments. Social studies at school and preparation for exams in courses.

Do you know that part C will give you almost half the points on the Unified State Exam in social studies? On the Unified State Exam, you will count every point, therefore, no matter how difficult the written tasks are, they must be solved. Let's try to outline the main recommendations of Unified State Exam experts on Part C?

But the most difficult thing at the Unified State Exam 2016 will not be, but your struggle with emotions, insufficient time, and your own gaps in knowledge. Preparation for the Unified State Exam is entering a decisive phase; do not forget to use ALL opportunities for the most effective and accelerated preparation and repetition of the material.

Part C of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies - structure

“What is more difficult is better,” said the great Aristotle. In relation to part C of the Unified State Exam in social studies, this is absolutely true. If each task in Part A, and some of the tasks in Part B, will only bring you 100% on the Unified State Exam, then in Part C you can count on a grade from 2 to 5 right away!

So, half of your USE result depends on completing Part C! Meanwhile, even the simplest of the tasks in Part C - C1, C2 - cause difficulties for graduates. But their meaning is a simple contextual search in a social science text. That is, you just need to correctly select the desired author’s idea from the text.

Part C consists of 9 tasks, which are divided into 4 large blocks.

• C1-C4 - work with social science text, search for information presented in explicit and implicit form, your own commentary on the author’s judgments based on knowledge of courses and social practice.
• C5, C8 - tasks of a theoretical nature, where there is practically no need to use examples from the surrounding reality, and the emphasis is on the ability to present the knowledge of a social studies course in a structured manner.
• C6-C7 - tasks on applying theoretical knowledge in practice, solving problems and giving examples.

We have already dedicated our posts separately to tasks, and a separate section to writing essays in social studies, which our group’s subscribers enjoy using

The published FIPI “METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ASSESSING COMPLETION OF USE TASKS WITH DETAILED ANSWER” will help us. We will devote another separate post to the analysis of essay C9 using FIPI recommendations, and today we will discuss the remaining 8 tasks.

Analysis of part C of the Unified State Exam in social studies 2013

A few words about the methodology of working with social science text:

1. Read the entire text, highlight its main problem (what is it about?). In this case it is ensuring the constitutional right of a citizen of the Russian Federation to judicial protection.

2. We work with the text in the KIM (assignment form). As a rule, C1 and C2 can be completely excerpted from the text, sometimes with minor revision. Like this, for example:

3. That is, without wasting time on rewriting the answer into a draft (remember that working with part C requires a lot of time), we prepare ready-made answers for ourselves to rewrite into a clean draft.

So, here are the answers of a graduate seriously preparing for the Unified State Exam in social studies:

C1.1) Speech The text talks about the constitutional right to judicial protection.
2) The main condition for the implementation of this right is the opportunity for every citizen to find out how, where and on what issue to turn. Ensuring information accessibility of the court.

Maximum per task - 2 points.

C2.1) According to the author, the problem with the complaints procedure is a number of rules that objectively limit access to justice.
2) The restriction is that we will accept complaints only on arbitrarily designated “complaint acceptance” days.
3) Complaints can be filed only after personal consultation with a judge or only after checking documents not provided for by law.
4) Only federal laws can introduce restrictions of this kind.

And again the maximum for the task is - 2 points. But, there are some notes on the design. The problem and its two manifestations are identified. But the last part of the question is not clearly highlighted. Better:

— The role of federal laws in solving the problem of the complaint procedure is that only they can introduce restrictions of this kind.

One more note. Each USE expert checks more than a dozen papers. Naturally, the eye gets blurry, so I recommend clearly writing out the answer to the task, repeating its conditions, especially if several questions are asked for one task.

C3. Conditions for unimpeded access to courts by persons with disabilities include:
1) Providing assistance in moving from home to courts (special social services providing a vehicle (social service car with driver or taxi))
2) Installation of convenient ramps at the entrance to court buildings
3) Convenient elevators and doorways inside court buildings
4) Sound equipment for the blind in court buildings, vehicles, pedestrian crossings.
5) Equipping the metro with convenient ramps and elevators
6) Equipping ground transport with convenient entry into wheelchairs, sound equipment for the blind.

C4. Information accessibility of the court and openness of court hearings guarantees respect for the rights of citizens since: 1) The verdict and decision of the court are publicly announced. This provides an opportunity for public discussion, media coverage, filing complaints if necessary on the part of citizens, or other expressions of dissatisfaction (meetings, rallies).
2) The openness of the meeting guarantees the equality of everyone before the law and the court
3) Elimination of the possibility of falsification and distortion of the court case during the trial.
4) Elimination of biased attitude on the part of the judge, prosecutor or lawyer towards the defendant, plaintiff or witnesses.

Let's note the exhaustive and brilliant answers. Understanding of the text, knowledge of legal theory, and understanding of social reality are demonstrated. This, in contrast to tasks C1-C2 (basic level), tasks of an advanced level, each correctly completed task is scored 3 points.

For the correct C3 and C4 maximum 6 points. Total for text C1-C4 maximum 10 points.

C5.Social progress is the process of development of society from simpler to more complex, from lower to higher.

1) Society is a dynamic self-developing system, which inevitably leads to social progress
2) The idea of ​​social progress arose by analogy with the development of nature
3) Social progress is contradictory, since improvement in one area can lead to deterioration or complete extinction of another area. progress for one segment of the population may be negative for another.
4) The criteria for social progress are the development of science, technology, the sophistication of culture, law, education, medicine, etc.

Let us immediately note that in this format this year, it is specified in terms of two complementary proposals. But there are very big doubts about this answer C5; with the current (extremely specific) form of asking questions on complementary sentences, a maximum of 1 point would be received for a correct definition. Suggestions would be here didn't count, since it would be unclear what is being specified at all.

And yet, they ask you to make two sentences, and the answer is 4. Here exactly 2 are required!

And in Part C of the Unified State Exam there are no abbreviations, especially etc. NOT ALLOWED!

Let's say 1 point for the task.

Here is the graduate's response:

C6. Ways to combat unemployment:
1) Organization of public works (landscaping and improvement of parks, squares, playgrounds)
2) Lending and subsidizing small businesses so that people show their entrepreneurial abilities, create work for themselves and additional jobs. (issuance of loans by banks to open a business at a lower interest rate)
3) Creation of schools and courses for retraining workers (creation of accounting courses, courses in scripting languages, etc.)

1. At the request of the local employment service, the department of housing and communal services of the town of M. allocated an additional 2 places for employing unemployed citizens to work as a street landscaper.

Here is what the FIPI methodological recommendations on this matter look like:

Therefore, for this answer the expert will give 0 points.

Alumni response:

C7. This is a social phenomenon - Socialization of the individual.
1) The primary socialization of a child is most influenced by parents (mother, father, grandmother, grandfather). In the secondary - school, university, teachers, professors.
2) People who are in authority with a particular person also influence the socialization of the individual.
3) Example: The child remembers how family members communicate with each other and does things by analogy with them.
The student accepts the opinion of a professor he respects on a particular topic.

In general, the task itself implies that you must know at a high level what an agent of socialization is and what an institution of socialization is. These are the subjects. In this answer, all the arguments are put “in a heap”... Honestly, experts would argue further in this situation, but you would get at least 1 point for the example. Two subjects ask, write:
1. Parents.
6. Functions of the state

b) Protection of the territory of the state
c) Representation of the state in the international arena (political, economic)
etc.

In the variant, there really was a voluminous question for the plan. The logic behind constructing the graduate's answer is correctly understood, but there are some inaccuracies at the end.

Very confusing again etc. at the end of the plan. Moreover, at the beginning of this point a) Economic and social problems … What is this? this is not a function. These are problems. The point would definitely be taken off, since this item is in the plan task.

2 points for answer.

How to solve part C of the Unified State Exam in social studies?

Small summaries from the disassembled version. We checked it without an essay, we will immediately take this into account when calculating points (- 5 points, this is the maximum for C9).

Out of the maximum possible 22 points, 15 points were scored. That's quite a lot. If you combine this with 17 points for Part A and 11 for Part B, you get (that's almost 67 points). That is, the graduate claims a high level of Unified State Examination scores. I recommend that you continue this work in our group.

Russian language and mathematics. According to data from past years, almost half of graduates (49%) pass social studies. And this is not surprising, since the Unified State Exam in social studies is required for admission to all humanities specialties.

In essence, the subject of “social studies” includes information on various aspects of social life, studied within the framework of an entire class of humanities: economics, law, philosophy, sociology, political science and, to some extent, history.

The version of the KIM Unified State Exam in social studies has undergone minor changes. The developers revised the difficulty of tasks No. 28 and 29, which is why the maximum primary score for the entire test increased from 62 to 64.

Unified State Examination

Last year, to pass the Unified State Exam in social studies with at least a C, it was enough to score 19 primary points. They were given, for example, by correctly completing the first 13 tasks of the test.

It is not yet known exactly what will happen in 2019: we need to wait for the official order from Rosobrnadzor on the correspondence of primary and test scores. Most likely it will appear in December. Considering that the maximum primary score has increased from 62 to 64, it is very likely that the minimum score may change slightly.

In the meantime, you can focus on these tables:

Structure of the Unified State Exam

In 2019, the Unified State Exam test in social studies consists of two parts, including 29 tasks.

• Part 1: 20 tasks (No. 1–20) with a short answer (choose the correct answer from those proposed, establish a correspondence between the elements of two sets, insert the missing word in the text);
• Part 2: 9 tasks (No. 21-29) with a detailed answer (answers to questions, mini-essays).

Preparation for the Unified State Exam

• Pass Unified State Exam tests online for free without registration and SMS. The tests presented are identical in complexity and structure to the actual exams conducted in the corresponding years.

• Download demo versions of the Unified State Exam in social studies, which will allow you to better prepare for the exam and pass it easier. All proposed tests have been developed and approved for preparation for the Unified State Exam by the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI). All official versions of the Unified State Exam are developed in the same FIPI.

The tasks you will see most likely will not appear on the exam, but there will be tasks similar to the demo ones on the same topics.

General Unified State Examination figures

Year	Minimum Unified State Examination score	Average score	Number of participants	Failed, %	Qty 100 points	Duration - Exam length, min.
2009	39
2010	39	56,38	444 219	3,9	34	210
2011	39	57,11	280 254	3,9	23	210
2012	39	55,2	478 561	5,3	86	210
2013	39	56,23	471 011	5,3	94	210
2014	39	55,4				235
2015	42	53,3				235
2016	42					235
2017	42					235
2018