Tibetan language- the language of the Tibetans (See Tibetans). Distributed in the Tibet Autonomous Region of some other regions of the People's Republic of China, as well as in India, Nepal and Bhutan. Number of speakers of T. i. about 4.5 million people. (1974, assessment). Belongs to the Tibeto-Burmese branch... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Tibetan language- belongs to the so-called. Trans-Himalayan (or Tibeto-Himalayan) group of Tibeto-Burmese languages. It is generally considered to be a monosyllabic and isolating language. But it’s hard to agree with this. Both in the living Tibetan language and in written monuments of all eras we... ... Literary encyclopedia
TIBETAN LANGUAGE- the language of the Tibetans. Belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Tibetan script goes back to Brahmi... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Tibetan language- Attention! This page contains special characters in the Tibetan alphabet that may not be displayed correctly by your browser. To view the page you may need to install the Tibetan Jomolhari font... Wikipedia
Tibetan language- Tibetan language is the language of the Tibeto-Burmese branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Literary written T. I. as the language of the Lamaist church, it is widespread in the People's Republic of China (Qinghai Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), the Mongolia and the USSR (Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, ... ... Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary
Tibetan language- the language of the Tibetans. Belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Tibetan script goes back to Brahmi. * * * TIBETAN LANGUAGE TIBETAN LANGUAGE, the language of the Tibetans. Belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Tibetan script goes back to Brahmi... encyclopedic Dictionary
Tibetan language- (Tibetan)Tibetan, lang. Tibetans, spoken approx. 2 million people living in Tibet, about the same number in neighboring provinces of China and approx. 1 million people in Nepal. Belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family and is most closely related... ... Countries of the world. Dictionary
Tibetan language and literature- The T. language belongs to the family of Indo-Chinese (see) or monosyllabic languages, to the group that some linguists call Trans-Himalayan, including the languages of Gayarun, Tochu, Maniacmaniac, Takla, Khorpa, Kanavari, and the T. language itself... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Kama Tibetan language- Self-name: ཁམས་སྐད Countries: China, Bhutan ... Wikipedia
Tibetan- oh, oh. Same as Tibetan. There is still a problem with Tibetan wool not being brought to Russia. OZ 1830 No. 117. // OZ 2002 1 155. Tibetan cashmere having the fineness of the best cashmeres; Depending on the colors, elegant dresses and negligees are sewn from it. This matter... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
Tibetan Buddhism- Buddhism ... Wikipedia
Books
- The Tibetan language about the life and death of Schrödinger’s cat, or How a Tibetan sentence ends, Ilyukhina Tamara Borisovna, The Tibetan spoken language has a huge variety of service verb endings that are used depending on the type of sentence, situation and many other factors.… Category: Language textbooks Publisher: Press Bureau, Manufacturer: Press Bureau, Buy for 834 UAH (Ukraine only)
- Introduction to Classical Tibetan. Study guide with dictionary, Hodge Stephen, The Tibetan language belongs to the family of Indo-Chinese or monosyllabic languages, to the group that some linguists call Trans-Himalayan, including the languages Gayarun, Tochu, Maniacmaniac, ... Category: Other languages Publisher:
USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
SIBERIAN DIVISION
BURYAT COMPLEX RESEARCH INSTITUTE
BRIEF TIBETAN-RUSSIAN DICTIONARY
21000 words
Compiled by: B. V. SEMICHOV, Y. M. PARFIONOVICH, B. D. DANDARON
Edited by Yu. M. PARFIONOVICH
STATE PUBLISHING HOUSE
FOREIGN AND NATIONAL DICTIONARIES
Moscow - 1963
PREFACE
The proposed dictionary is the first Tibetan-Russian dictionary in our country after a break of more than a century. The only Tibetan-Russian dictionary, compiled by academician J. Schmidt, was published in 1843 by the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
The enormous work done by famous Russian and Soviet Tibetologists F.I. Shcherbatsky, E.E. Obermiller and A.I. Vostrikov in the first half of the twentieth century was aimed mainly at translating, commenting and analyzing monuments of Tibetan classical literature.
After the peaceful liberation of the Tibet region of the People's Republic of China, carried out in 1951 by the Chinese People's Liberation Army on the basis of an agreement dated May 23, 1951 between the Central Government of China and the Local Tibetan Government, secular schools, periodicals, new literature appeared in Tibet, and the first industrial enterprises were founded. enterprises, etc. All this was reflected in the vocabulary of the Tibetan language: many new words appeared, formed on the basis of old roots according to the laws of Tibetan word formation, and many phonetic borrowings were also introduced from the Chinese language in the field of administrative and scientific terminology.
The Old Tibetan written language differs sharply from the living spoken language; it is full of Buddhist terminology, figurative words and expressions. It is characterized by calques and phonetic borrowings from Sanskrit.
In modern language there is a process of bringing it closer to a living spoken language.
Previous dictionaries (Schmidt, Eschke, Sarat Chandra Das and others), which played a huge role in the study of classical Tibetan literature and its translation, can no longer provide assistance in reading modern literature.
The proposed “Concise Tibetan-Russian Dictionary” contains 21 thousand words and covers the most common part of the lexical composition of the modern Tibetan written language.
The dictionary contains almost no philosophical and religious terminology, which is quite extensive in classical Tibetan.
The compilers sought, whenever possible, to include in the dictionary words and expressions that reflect new phenomena in the political, social and cultural life of Tibet.
Separate dictionary entries in the dictionary include function words and word-forming components of words.
The main forms of Tibetan verbs are given according to the Tibetan-English Dictionary by N. A. Jaschke, A Tibetan-English Dictionary, London, 1881, taking into account the “Table of Changes of Tibetan Verbs” by Gesanesi, Publishing House of Literature in Minority Languages, Beijing, 1958.
When working on the dictionary, the compilers used the following dictionaries:
J. Schmidt, Tibetan-Russian Dictionary, St. Petersburg, 1843.
S. Chandra Das, A Tibetan-English Dictionary with Sanskrit synonyms, Calcutta, 1902.
H. A. Jaschke, A Tibetan-English Dictionary, London, 1881.
B.V. Semichov, Experience of a short dictionary of socio-political terms of the Tibetan language, Ulan-Ude, 1956.
To select the latest vocabulary, research fellow of the BKNII B.V. Semichov and research fellow of the Institute of Asian Peoples of the USSR Academy of Sciences Yu.M. Parfionovich reviewed literature published in Tibetan by the Central Publishing House of Literature in Minority Languages in Beijing, as well as newspapers for 1955-61 gg.
BKNII researcher B. D. Dandaron wrote down the Tibetan-Chinese dictionary Tseden Sep chupga on the card index and, if necessary, made a comparison against woodcut editions of Tibetan-Mongolian dictionaries listed in the “Description of Tibetan manuscripts and woodcuts of the BKNII”, Moscow, IVL, 1960.
On the initiative of Prof. Yu. N. Roerich and under his direct leadership, a phonetic transcription of Lhasa pronunciation in Russian characters was to be added to the dictionary. The premature death of Yu. N. Roerich did not allow this to be accomplished, since there is still no consensus on this issue and there are a number of options for such transcription.
The compilers admit that the work they have done is very far from perfect and that, in view of the novelty of this undertaking, Tibetologists will be shown a certain leniency.
Please send all comments and suggestions to the Publisher: Moscow, V-71, Leninsky Prospekt, 15, State Publishing House of Foreign and National Dictionaries and to the Buryat Complex Research Institute of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude.
Download
- Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionary. Lokesh Chandra. The total number of words, compounds, and phrases approaches 200,000 entries. Terms of technical subjects like astronomy, medicine, iconography, metrics, prosody and philosophy have also been included.
- Chinese-Tibetan-English visual dictionary for everyday communication.
- Tibetan-English Dictionary. Sarat Chandra Das. Famous dictionary of the Tibetan language. Contains approximately 27,000 words. Includes information about the Tibetan alphabet, information about pronunciation, and grammatical notes. Numerous examples of word usage are given.
- Tibetan-English Dictionary of Buddhist Terminology. Tsepak Rigzin. This Tibetan dictionary of Buddhist terms was commissioned by King Tri Ralpachen in the 9th century and expanded from the writings of Tibetan lamas. The dictionary includes 6,000 basic terms and over 8,000 additional terms, with Sanskrit equivalents where possible. In the new edition, the base of Buddhist terms has been revised and increased by 40%.
- A Tibetan-English dictionary. H. Jaeschke. Jaeschke's dictionary is still not outdated, just as a dictionary of an ancient language compiled on the basis of texts cannot become outdated (by the way, references to texts are one of the advantages of the dictionary). Persian and Sanskrit words are given in the original graphics, Tibetan words - in the original graphics with Latin transcription. The small English-Tibetan dictionary at the end of the publication is a nice addition to the dictionary itself. The principles of phonetic transcription and a comparative phonetic table for Tibetan dialects precede this dictionary.
Welcome to the Tibetan - Russian dictionary. Please write the word or phrase you want to check in the text box on the left.
Recent Changes
Glosbe is home to thousands of dictionaries. We offer not only a Tibetan - Russian dictionary, but also dictionaries for all existing pairs of languages - online and free. Visit our website home page to choose from available languages.
Translation Memory
Glosbe dictionaries are unique. On Glosbe you can see not only translations into Tibetan or Russian: we also provide usage examples, showing dozens of examples of translated sentences containing translated phrases. This is called "translation memory" and is very useful for translators. You can see not only the translation of a word, but also how it behaves in a sentence. Our memory of translations comes mainly from parallel corpora that were made by people. This kind of sentence translation is a very useful addition to dictionaries.
Statistics
We currently have 2,396 translated phrases. We currently have 5,729,350 sentence translations
Cooperation
Help us in creating the largest Tibetan - Russian dictionary online. Just log in and add a new translation. Glosbe is a joint project and everyone can add (or delete) translations. This makes our Tibetan Russian dictionary real, as it is created by native speakers who use the language every day. You can also be sure that any dictionary error will be corrected quickly, so you can rely on our data. If you find a bug or you are able to add new data, please do so. Thousands of people will be grateful for this.
You should know that Glosbe is not filled with words, but with ideas about what those words mean. Thanks to this, by adding one new translation, dozens of new translations are created! Help us develop Glosbe dictionaries and you will see how your knowledge helps people around the world.
Welcome to the Russian-Tibetan dictionary. Please write the word or phrase you want to check in the text box on the left.
Recent Changes
Glosbe is home to thousands of dictionaries. We offer not only a Russian - Tibetan dictionary, but also dictionaries for all existing pairs of languages - online and free. Visit our website home page to choose from available languages.
Translation Memory
Glosbe dictionaries are unique. On Glosbe you can see not only translations into Russian or Tibetan: we provide usage examples, showing dozens of examples of translated sentences containing translated phrases. This is called "translation memory" and is very useful for translators. You can see not only the translation of a word, but also how it behaves in a sentence. Our memory of translations comes mainly from parallel corpora that were made by people. This kind of sentence translation is a very useful addition to dictionaries.
Statistics
We currently have 2,696 translated phrases. We currently have 5,729,350 sentence translations
Cooperation
Help us in creating the largest Russian - Tibetan dictionary online. Just log in and add a new translation. Glosbe is a joint project and everyone can add (or delete) translations. This makes our Russian Tibetan dictionary real, since it is created by native speakers who use the language every day. You can also be sure that any dictionary error will be corrected quickly, so you can rely on our data. If you find a bug or you are able to add new data, please do so. Thousands of people will be grateful for this.
You should know that Glosbe is not filled with words, but with ideas about what those words mean. Thanks to this, by adding one new translation, dozens of new translations are created! Help us develop Glosbe dictionaries and you will see how your knowledge helps people around the world.
Tibetan-Russian-English dictionary. Roerich Yu.N.
The dictionary can be downloaded from the website of the Rome center; below are direct links to the volumes in pdf format:
There are also volumes on the website in the format djvu And gif.
PREFACE
Numerous historical, philosophical and literary monuments available in the Tibetan language have long attracted and continue to attract the attention of scientists working both in the field of Tibetan history and philology, and in the field of philosophy and history of Buddhism. In this regard, the great interest that experts show in Tibetan lexicographical manuals is also natural.
The outstanding orientalist and Tibetologist of our time, Yuri Nikolaevich Roerich (1902-1960), began compiling a manual for reading literature in the Tibetan language back in the 20s. Hard work combined with brilliant knowledge of many languages, mastery of the living language of the Tibetans, extensive materials at his disposal, and personal communication with highly educated Tibetans - all this made it possible for Yu.N. Roerich completed his work in a relatively short time. Its result was a manuscript of a Tibetan-English dictionary with Sanskrit parallels in the volume of 5156 handwritten pages and containing about 65 thousand words and expressions.
The basis of the manuscript by Yu.N. Roerich is compiled from the vocabulary of the "Tibetan-English Dictionary" by S.Ch. Das, Tibetan national dictionaries are also widely used, such as the “Lamp of Words” (an explanatory dictionary of the old written Tibetan language), Tibetan-Mongolian dictionaries, including the “Light of Meanings and Spellings of Words” (the so-called “Agin Tibetan-Mongolian Dictionary” ). In general, the vocabulary of the manuscript reflected different stages of the development of the Tibetan written language, starting from the 7th century. and until recently, when the written language came much closer to living spoken language.
On the issue of publishing his dictionary Yu.N. Roerich returned after his visit to the Soviet Union (1957); working at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences as the head of the sector of culture and philosophy of the department of India, Pakistan, Ceylon and Nepal, Yu.N. Roerich again began work on the manuscript, intending to supplement it with Russian equivalents of Tibetan words, vocabulary from Choidak's Tibetan dictionary and several small Tibetan dictionaries of new terms published in Beijing in the 50s, and also to format the manuscript in accordance with the requirements of modern lexicography. Untimely death prevented Yu.N. Roerich to carry out his plan.
The work on preparing the manuscript by Yu.N. Roerich was continued to print by his students. This work consisted of two stages.
The first stage consisted of painting the lexical material of the manuscript on cards and translating Tibetan words into Russian. At the same time, translations of Tibetan words were provided with the necessary marks, and the manuscript material was partially replenished with new vocabulary. The main work on painting the cards was done by Yu.M. Parfionovich and V.A. Bogoslovsky. When writing the vocabulary for the first ten letters of the Tibetan alphabet, significant work was done by K.M. Cheremisov. At the beginning of the first stage of work, M.I. took some part in it. Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya and B.B. Badaraev. In addition, research associates of the Buryat Institute of Social Sciences of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences R.I. took part in the work of painting the manuscript on the cards. Pubaev and B.V. Semichov. They painted 20% of the entire manuscript on cards (the bulk of this work was done by B.V. Semichov).
The second stage of work consisted of compiling all lexical material into dictionary entries and checking the Tibetan, Sanskrit, Russian and English parts of dictionary entries, replenishing the existing dictionary material with new vocabulary, as well as revealing the etymology of most figurative words and expressions. This work was carried out from start to finish by Y. Parfionovich and V. Dylykova.
When editing vocabulary cards compiled from the manuscript of Yu.N. Roerich, the editors proceeded from the principle of the most careful attitude towards the lexical material collected by the author. All Tibetan words and expressions, their Sanskrit parallels and English equivalents given in the manuscript, except for some clarifications (mainly in the area of English equivalents of Buddhist terms), are included in the proposed dictionary.
The changes that Yu.N.’s manuscript underwent. Roerich in the course of editing and preparing it for publication in the form of a dictionary, came down to the inclusion of new words and expressions (up to 20% of the total volume of the manuscript), bringing additional meanings to existing words, grammatical development of both function words and grammatical functions of some significant words, arrangement of necessary marks, as well as revealing the etymology of figurative words and expressions.
In giving the Russian part of the article, which was missing in the manuscript, the editors proceeded from the meaning of the Tibetan word, but not from its English translation. Therefore, the Russian translation does not always fully correspond to the English one.
In some cases, the editors cited the etymology of a figurative Tibetan word or expression only in the Russian part of the article, leaving the English part untouched, providing it with the mark poet.
In cases where it was difficult to find a Russian equivalent, the editors left only the English translation of the Tibetan word as given by the author.
ABOUT BUILDING A DICTIONARY
The principle of constructing the dictionary is fully consistent with the Tibetan lexicographic tradition. This tradition provides for the arrangement of dictionary entries according to the readable letters of the Tibetan alphabet and according to the degree of complexity of the Tibetan syllable in the following sequence:
1. Readable letter with added #-$-,-0-1-8-:-;-=-
2. Readable letter with vowels ?m-?v-?(-?)-
3. Readable letter with signature 9-:-;-
4. Readable letter with capitalization #-+-0-1-8-
5. Readable letter with inscriptions:-;-=-
Root letters with signature 5 and signed letter 8 (an indicator of the length of the vowel of a syllable) are placed in a row of root letters with signatures ( 9-:-; ) in their alphabetical order, for example:
0- submit, tax.
" r -) - crow / crow.
= -;- handful/ handful.
Only in dictionary entries starting with the letter !- the order of arrangement of these ligatures, adopted in Tibetan-European dictionaries, has been preserved.
The dictionary entry is structured as follows: first, the Tibetan word is given in the Tibetan script, followed by the Sanskrit equivalent (if available), then the translation in Russian and English. The English part is separated from the Russian part by the sign / (slash).
For words borrowed from other languages, an indication of the origin of the word is given ( Skt.., whale., Arab, and so on.).
For the verb, the original form is the present tense stem form with the nominal particle ;- or 0- .
If the stems of the past, future tense or imperative mood differ from the stems of the present tense, then they are given after the ORIGINAL form of the verb with the marks past, vr. (past tense), will. vr. (future tense), pov. (imperative mood) without translating these marks into English, for example: !q +-;-
past vr. 0 !q =-
bud.time 0 !q -
pov !q = - to smear, to smear / to smear, to daub.
Each of these verb stems, in addition, is given by an independent dictionary entry in its place alphabetically with reference to the main word:
Q = - 1 turn from !q +-;-
0 !q - 1.bud. vr. from !q +-;-
0 !q =- past vr. w !q +-;-
In cases where the headword is not used independently, a colon is placed after it, and then a combination is given that includes this word, for example:
!%(=-1*)$- :~ A (+- to appreciate, cherish/ to esteem, to cherish.
Homonyms are given in independent dictionary entries and are designated by Roman numerals.
An Arabic numeral with a dot indicates that the word belongs to different grammatical categories; an Arabic numeral with a bracket indicates different meanings of the word.
Russian letters with a bracket highlight different meanings of a phrase included in a dictionary entry, and a Russian letter with a dot indicates its belonging to different grammatical categories.
If several synonymous translations correspond to a Tibetan word, then translations that are close in meaning are separated by a comma, and more distant translations are separated by a semicolon.
Special terms, when necessary, are provided with conventional abbreviations (med., bot., gram., etc.).
Litter poet, means that this word is used only in written language, mainly in the language of fiction])):
F$-8*v$- padapa poet, tree (lit. which drinks through its feet).
The ~ (tilde) sign replaces the headword if it has more than one syllable.
After the sign...<>(diamond) idiomatic expressions are given.
The sign * (asterisk) marks archaisms.
Sign< (угол) обозначает сокращение от полной формы словосочетания, которое следует за этим знаком.
A wavy line (~~~) denotes explanations enclosed in parentheses that clarify the scope of use of the word.
In cases where it was not possible to find an exact Russian equivalent of a Tibetan word, a more general corresponding generic concept is given, denoted by a wavy line without parentheses.
The part of the translation enclosed in parentheses is a variant of the preceding word, for example:
[m+-1#)- source (beginning) of happiness/beginning of happiness.
Words (or parts thereof); those that are optional are given in square brackets.
A separate appendix provides a list of geographical names and a list of proper names (with the exception of mythological ones).