Many people still think that linguists are, at best, those who compose school textbooks on the Russian language and for some reason force us to say “zvon” And sh", and at worst - just someone like polyglots or translators.
In fact, this is not true at all. Modern linguistics is expanding the boundaries of its interests more and more, merging with other sciences and penetrating almost all spheres of our life - if only because the object of its study is everywhere.
But what exactly are these strange linguists studying?
1. Cognitive linguistics
Cognitive linguistics is a field located at the intersection of linguistics and psychology and studies the connection between language and human consciousness. Cognitive linguists are trying to understand how we use language and speech to create certain concepts, notions, and categories in our heads, what role language plays in the process of our understanding the world around us, and how our life experiences are reflected in language.
The problem of the influence of language on cognitive processes has been in science for a very long time (many are familiar with the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity, which assumes that the structure of language determines thinking). However, cognitive scientists also continue to wrestle with the question of to what extent language influences consciousness, to what extent consciousness influences language, and how these degrees relate to each other.
Quite interesting and new is the use of the achievements of cognitive linguistics in the field of analysis of literary texts (the so-called cognitive poetics).
Researcher at the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Andrey Kibrik talks about cognitive linguistics.
2. Corpus linguistics
Obviously, corpus linguistics is concerned with the compilation and study of corpora. But what is a hull?
This is the name given to a collection of texts in a particular language, which are marked in a special way and which can be searched. Corpora are created in order to provide linguists with a sufficiently large amount of linguistic material, which will also be real (not some artificially constructed examples like “mother washed the frame”) and convenient for searching for the necessary linguistic phenomena.
This is a fairly new science, which originated in the USA in the 60s (at the time of the creation of the famous Brown Corps), and in Russia in the 80s. Currently, productive work is underway on the development of the National Corpus of the Russian Language (NCRL), which includes many subsections. For example, such as a syntactic corpus (SinTagRus), a corpus of poetic texts, a corpus of oral speech, a multimedia corpus, and so on.
Doctor of Philological Sciences Vladimir Plungyan about corpus linguistics.
3. Computational linguistics
Computer linguistics (also: mathematical or computational linguistics) is a branch of science formed at the intersection of linguistics and computer technology and in practice includes almost everything related to the use of programs and computer technologies in linguistics. Computational linguistics deals with the automatic analysis of natural language. This is done in order to simulate the work of language in certain conditions, situations and areas.
This science also includes work on improving machine translation, voice input and information retrieval, and the development of programs and applications based on the use and analysis of language.
In short, “okay, Google”, and searching for VKontakte news, and the T9 dictionary are all achievements of excellent computer linguistics. At the moment, the area is the most developing in the field of linguistics, and if suddenly you also like it, you are welcome at the Yandex School of Data Analysis or at ABBYY.
Linguist Leonid Iomdin on the beginnings of computer linguistics.
That is, what we say is considered as a communication event, in conjunction with gestures, facial expressions, speech rhythm, emotional assessment, experience and worldview of the participants in communication.
Discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary field of knowledge in which, along with linguists, sociologists, psychologists, artificial intelligence specialists, ethnographers, literary scholars, stylists and philosophers participate. All this is very cool, because it helps to understand how our speech works in certain life situations, what mental processes occur at these moments, and how all this is connected with psychological and sociocultural factors.
Sociolinguistics now actively continues to grow and develop. You may have heard about the sensational problems - the extinction of dialects (spoiler: yes, they are dying out; yes, this is bad; allocate funds to linguists, and we will fix everything, and then languages will not drown in the abyss of oblivion) and feminists (spoiler: no one has understood yet , good or bad).
Doctor of Philology M.A. Krongauz about language on the Internet.
There is a review.The article examines the problem of interaction between two applied areas of linguistics – forensic linguistics and translation practice. Using the example of a decision to refuse to translate a text of a potential extremist nature due to the author’s distortion of the expression plan of some lexical units, which created objective methodological difficulties for the subsequent conduct of a forensic linguistic examination, the fallacy of this translator’s initiative is shown.
2. Dyachenko Tatyana Anatolyevna. The image of Europe in the mirror of intolerant phraseology of media discourse There is a review.
This article is devoted to the language of intolerance in the texts of the Russian mass media space. Particular attention is paid to phraseological units that represent negative stereotypical ideas about Europe.
3. Gushchina Liliya Evgenievna. Study of the linguocultural type “Leprechaun” from the perspective of sociocultural significance There is a review. The article was published in No. 59 (July) 2018
Co-authors: Pospelova N.V., Associate Professor of the Department of English Philology and Intercultural Communication, Yelabuga Institute of KFU
This work was carried out within the framework of linguocultural research and is devoted to the study of the linguocultural type “Leprechaun”, which is part of Irish culture, and the study of its significance in the formation of the stereotypical culture of the country of the language being studied.
4. Karpenko Elena Igorevna. The concept of time in the novel by E.G. Vodolazkina “Laurel” There is a review.
Co-authors: Belyaeva N.V., Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Russian Language, Literature and Teaching Methods, School of Pedagogy, Far Eastern Federal University
This article is devoted to the study of artistic time in the work of E.G. Vodolazkina “Laurel”. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that in the novel it is presented in a special way: the idea of a linear narrative is permeated with the idea of cyclicity. A detailed examination of the temporal structure of the work indicates the connection of three “axes”: calendar, event and perceptual time. Vodolazkin in his work also refers to mythological time, which is typical for medieval genres. This determines the connection of the novel with the genre of hagiography. The article also reveals the connection between “unhistoricity”, put forward by the author in the subtitle, and the idea of timelessness.
5. Sametova Fauzia Toleushaykhovna. PRINCIPLES OF SELECTION AND FEATURES OF LEXICOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF NEW WORDS There is a review. The article was published in No. 57 (May) 2018
The article examines existing dictionaries of neologisms, substantiates the need for the constant creation of a dictionary of new words and meanings, its theoretical and practical significance; the principles of compiling a dictionary entry, its macro- and microstructure are described, as well as the pragmatic zone introduced into lexicographic practice as part of a dictionary entry.
6. Prikhodko Svetlana Aleksandrovna. Euphemism as a stylistic device and method of influence in political texts There is a review.
Co-authors: Scientific supervisor: Marina Evgenievna Barybina, teacher of the Department of Romance-Germanic Philology, Lugansk National Taras Shevchenko University
This article is devoted to the use of euphemisms in political discourse using the example of replacing the words “terrorism” and “war” in the Spanish newspaper “El País”: the frequency of their use, meaning, functions of use, as well as their impact on the reader.
7. Beskrovnaya Elena Naumovna. Transformation of the Torah in the works of Joseph BrodskyThe article was published in No. 56 (April) 2018
Elements of transformation of the Torah also characterize the poetry of Joseph Brodsky. The creative heritage of Nobel Prize laureate Joseph Brodsky is generally based on Christianity, but only three works, as the author himself noted, are devoted to Jewish themes. In them one can highlight such literary and social elements as: a) a reflection of the environment that surrounded Brodsky from childhood; b) reflection of Kabbalistic elements in the poet’s work; c) the influence of Russian literature on Brodsky’s poetry. The creative heritage of I. Brodsky as a whole is multifaceted. He does not have purely Hasidic and Talmudic motives, but this is the main feature of all Russian-speaking Jewish poets, which combines Judaism and Christianity. It is this problem that the article by E.N. is devoted to. Beskrovnaya "Transformation of the Torah in the works of Joseph Brodsky."
8. Nurmukhamedova Dilbar Farukhovna. STYLISTIC FEATURES OF EASTERN VOCABULARY IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE There is a review.
This article is devoted to determining the functional-semantic and stylistic status of oriental vocabulary (or so-called “orientalisms”) in various sociocultural layers of the Russian language.
9. Beskrovnaya Elena Naumovna. Features of the transformation of the Torah in the realistic works of Elie LuxemburgThe article was published in No. 55 (March) 2018
The realism of the Transformation of the Torah is developing in the work of the modern Israeli writer Eli Luxemburg, in whose stories and tales the “problem of the little man” and his role in the life of the revival of Israel become decisive. The desire to approach the Babylonian Talmud as a decisive factor in the life of every Jew also runs through the realistic stories of Eli Luxemburg. The writer turns his heroes to the problem of the Third Temple in his works “The Third Temple”, “Epiphany”, “Shames Kozhgarki” shows how a person is born again, returning to the origins of his culture.
10. Beskrovnaya Elena Naumovna. Biblical motifs in the works of M. Gorky There is a review.
In world culture, the process of formation of world literature passes mainly through the Old and New Testaments. The tradition of the Haggadah of the Babylonian Talmud was especially clearly reflected in the stories of the writer A.M. Gorky. It becomes obvious to us that he wrote his works under the influence of “Sefer Haagada,” translated into Russian by the Russian-Jewish poet Semyon Frug. Thus, “The Song of the Petrel” was written under the influence of the parables about the forefather Noah, “The Old Woman Izergil was influenced by the treatises of the Babylonian Talmud “Brashit” and “Gitin”. The main emphasis in Gorky’s work is on plot and figurative transformation.
11. Karaulova (Klimentyeva) Amina Danilovna. FEATURES OF THE USUS ANGLICISM FLY-BOY IN THE RUSSIAN SPEECH OF TATAR BILINGUAL AND MONOLANGUALS (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF ORAL SPONTANEOUS TYPE OF DISCOURSE) There is a review.
The article is devoted to the analysis of borrowing from the English language “fly-boy”, the theoretical and empirical aspects of its usage and assimilation in the oral-spontaneous form of the discourse of the Russian language in the speech of monolinguals and bilinguals and represents a semantic comparison of etymons and borrowings that have become entrenched in Russian-speaking speech in recent times time.
12. Bloodless Elena Naumovna. The Old Testament and its transformation in the works of Henry Rider Haggard There is a review. The article was published in No. 54 (February) 2018
The problem of the origin of the Old Testament plots and their transformation is one of the most interesting in world literature. It manifests itself in a special way in the works of G.R. Haggard, where the author transforms the biblical source using the example of the life of African tribes, which makes his books similar to the philosophical treatise of D.D. Frazer, Folklore in the Old Testament. Haggard assigns a special role to the female image in the transformation of the Old Testament. This is evidenced by his books “The Moon of Israel”, The Ring of the Queen of Sheba” and others.
13. Yesenov Temirbek Talgatovich. Features of the compositional organization of Pelevin’s work “The Sorcerer Ignat and the People” There is a review.
Co-authors: Oksana Vyacheslavovna Zakirova, Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Yelabuga Institute (branch) of KFU / Faculty of Philology and History / Department of Russian Language and Literature; Pogorelova Ksenia Evgenievna, 4th year student of the Faculty of Philology and History of the EIKFU; Chernova Snezhana Aleksandrovna, 4th year student of the Faculty of Philology and History of the EI KFU
The article is devoted to the problems of compositional organization of the text. The work examines the features and inclusion of inserted structures in the text of a work of art. The material for the study was the work of Viktor Olegovich Pelevin.
14. Mingazova Elmira Azatovna. Peculiarities of revealing the artistic image of Moscow in the modern rap industry using the example of Gennady Farafonov’s song There is a review. The article was published in No. 52 (December) 2017
Co-authors: Ishmatova Alena Anatolyevna, student of the Yelabuga Institute of KFU. Scientific supervisor: Zakirova Oksana Vyacheslavovna Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Yelabuga Institute of KFU
The article highlights the features of the artistic image of Moscow, recreated in the song of the famous Russian rapper Gennady Farafonov (Rickey F) “New Moscow”.
15. Gizetdinova Diana Fayazovna. The system of images in the poem Oxxxymiron"a There is a review. The article was published in No. 53 (January) 2018
Co-authors: Zalyaeva Dinara Aidarovna, student of the Yelabuga Institute of KFU. Scientific supervisor: Oksana Vyacheslavovna Zakirova, associate professor, candidate of philological sciences, EIKFU
The article examines artistic images from the poem "Perepletno".
16. Yakupova Dilyara Rinatovna. There is a review.
Co-authors:
This article analyzes the concepts: “discourse”, “sports discourse”, “analytical article”. An analytical article in sports discourse is studied as a journalistic text that describes a sports event in chronological order, characterizing it from different angles, containing the author's analysis of sports phenomena, elements of sports commentary and sports reporting, as well as an assessment of sports as a socially significant event.
17. Rozhkova Svetlana Aleksandrovna. LEXICAL-STYLISTIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH SPORTS INTERNET DISCOURSE There is a review. The article was published in No. 50 (October) 2017
Co-authors: Komissarova Natalya Grigorievna, Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of English for Professional Communication of the National Research Mordovian State University named after Nikolai Platonovich Ogarev
This article is devoted to the description of some lexical and stylistic features of English-language sports Internet discourse. The description is based on an analysis of English-language Internet blogs on sports topics. The following lexical and stylistic means are considered: metaphorization of actions, periphrasis, metonymy, slang vocabulary, features of the sports terminology system.
18. Karaulova (Klimentyeva) Amina Danilovna. ASSIMILATION OF MODERN ENGLISH LANGUAGE BORROWINGS IN RUSSIAN SPEECH (COMPARATIVE - COMPARATIVE ASPECT OF UZUS IN THE SPEECH OF MONOLINGUAL AND BILINGUAL PEOPLE ON THE BASE OF GENDER-MARKED ANGLICISM “HOUSEWOMAN”) There is a review. The article was published in No. 50 (October) 2017
The article is devoted to a theoretical and empirical analysis of the process and result of the assimilation of borrowings from the English language, containing in their structural plan a gender component represented by the English lexeme “woman”. The analysis was carried out on the basis of media and oral spontaneous discourse of monolinguals and Tatar bilinguals and represents a comparison of the semantic field of etymons and borrowings that have assimilated to varying degrees, which have become entrenched in Russian-language speech recently. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to identify typological and related ways of assimilation of units with a gender component in the Russian-language media and oral spontaneous discourse of Tatars - bilinguals at the present stage of language development.
19. Abramova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna. Lexical means of expressing the concept of “hospitality” in the novel “Hotel” by A. Haley There is a review. The article was published in No. 50 (October) 2017
Co-authors: Anashkina Irina Aleksandrovna, Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Department of English for Professional Communication, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Moscow State University. N.P. Ogareva"
The article is devoted to the consideration of linguistic means of implementing the concept of “hospitality” in the novel “Hotel” by A. Haley. The field structure of the concept of “hospitality” in A. Haley’s novel “Hotel” has been compiled.
20. Choe Jan Pho. Questions of correct indication of side stress of Russian compound words in the compilation of Russian-Korean and Korean-Russian dictionaries There is a review. The article was published in No. 48 (August) 2017
The article is devoted to the issues of indicating side stress of Russian compound words in the compilation of Russian-Korean and Korean-Russian dictionaries intended for Korean readers. For foreigners, including Koreans, studying Russian as a foreign language, the side stress of a Russian compound word is of no small importance in pronunciation. The article examines ways to reflect side stress in the compilation of bilingual dictionaries, primarily Russian-Korean.
One topic that commonly finds a place in discussions of the status of linguistics as a science is its "autonomy", or independence of other disciplines. Linguists have tended to be somewhat insistent on the need for autonomy, because they have felt that, in the past, the study of language was usually subservient to and distorted by the standards of other studies such as logic, philosophy and literary criticism. For this reason the editors of Saussure's posthumous Cours de linguistique generate (the publication of which is often taken to mark the beginning of "modern linguistics") added to the text of the master its programmatic concluding sentence, to the effect that linguistics should study language "for its own sake" or "as an end in itself" (Saussure, 1916).
Whatever might be the precise meaning of the phrase "language as an end in itself, the principle of "autonomy", as it has been applied in linguistics over the last fifty years, has led to a more general conception of the nature and function of language than was possible in the earlier periods of linguistic scholarship. An equally, if not more, important consequence of the principle of "autonomy" is that it promoted the study of language as a formal system.<...>
Now that linguistics has established its credentials as a nature academic discipline with its own methodology and criteria of relevance (and one can reasonably claim that this is the case), there is no longer the same need to insist upon the principle of "autonomy". The last few years have seen an increased interest among philosophers, psychologists, anthropologists, literary critics and representatives of other disciplines in linguistic theory and methodology. Some scholars consider that the time may be ripe for the incorporation of the theory of language into a more embracing synthesis of science and philosophy.<...>
Synchronic and diachronic. Throughout the nineteenth century linguistic research, was very strongly historical in character. One of the principal aims of the subject was to group languages into "families" (of which the Indo-European family is the best known) on the basis of their independent development from a common source. The description of particular languages was made subsidiary to this general aim; and there was little interest in the study of the language of a given community without reference to historical considerations.
Saussure's distinction between the diachronic and the synchronic investigations of language is a distinction between these two opposing viewpoints. Diachronic (or historical) linguistics studies the development of languages through time: for example, the way in which French and Italian have "evolved" from Latin. Synchronic linguistics (sometimes referred to rather inappropriately as "descriptive" linguistics) investigates the way people speak in a given speech community at a given point in time. It is now generally agreed that (due attention having been given to the definition of "speech community") the history of a language is in principle irrelevant to its synchronic description: but this fact was not generally appreciated by earlier linguists.
(From "New Horizons in Linguistics" edited by John Lyons)
ISSN 2218-1393
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To the authors of the collection
The Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences plans to publish in 2019 Oeleventh issue periodical collection of articles of the Institute of Linguistics « » . The collection is included in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). The executive secretary of the collection is Ph.D., senior researcher. ; E-mail address: [email protected](When sending a letter, be sure to indicate in the subject line: Collection of KYL).
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