Spelling n and nn in participles

1. In the full forms of passive past participles formed from the perfect form (both prefixed and non-prefixed) it is written NN, for example: purchased, corrected, named, paired, cut, decided, dried, thrown, captured, given, forced, punished, worked out, built-in, etc.

Exceptions: with one n Verbal adjectives (formed from the perfect form) that have completely lost connection with participles and are part of stable combinations are written, for example: a finished man, forgiven Sunday, named brother, imprisoned father.

Note 1. The above passive participles can also be used in the meaning of an adjective, but this does not affect their spelling, for example: a self-possessed person (with self-control), this case (this one), an interested conversation (of interest), an exhausted old man (very tired).

2. In verbal adjectives formed from unprefixed imperfective verbs, one is written n, for example: straightened, dried, fried, boiled, soaked, boiled, ironed, forged, mowed, shorn, washed, broken, paved, wicker, loaded, melted, frozen, and also wounded (although formed from the two-specific verb to wound). With one n The adjective is written as smart.

Exceptions: With two n verbal adjectives are written, formed from unprefixed verbs of the imperfect form: seen, seen, done, desired, heard, read, unexpected-unexpected.

Note 1. The above verbal adjectives, in the presence of dependent words, become participles and are written with two n, for example: streets paved with cobblestones, carriages loaded with timber, a soldier wounded in the leg, a boy with a haircut by a barber.

Note 2. With two n verbal adjectives are written, formed from unprefixed imperfective verbs with suffixes -ovan (-yovan), for example: spoiled, risky, uprooted, lined. In verbal adjectives forged, chewed combinations ov(s) are part of the root, not the suffix.

3. The presence of a particle does not affect the writing of passive participles and verbal adjectives Not- eg: unresolved problems, uninterested parties, uncharted territory; untrodden paths, an unpainted wall, an uninvited guest, an unmown meadow.

4. Distinguishing between passive participles and adjectives derived from them (thereby clarifying the issue of writing nnnn) is sometimes produced not on a formal basis, but on a semantic basis. For example, in the sentence Being wounded, the soldier remained in service, the word wounded is a participle and is written with two n, despite the absence of a prefix and explanatory words: it retains its verbal meaning.

Note 1. In the combinations of ironed-re-ironed trousers, patched-re-patched fur coat, worn-worn suit, washed-rewashed linen, read-re-read book, darned-re-darned stockings, etc., both words should be written with one for the sake of uniformity n. In addition, the second part of complex formations, despite the fact that it is formed from perfective verbs, is subordinate to the word as a whole, which has the meaning of an adjective.

Note 2. The spelling of verbal adjectives also does not change in the composition of complex words, for example: smooth-dyed, whole-cut, homespun, gold-forged, little-trodden, little-trodden, little-worn, lightly salted, finely crushed, freshly slaked, freshly frozen, etc. (compare with similar adjectives in which the second part of the complex word formed from the prefix verb: smoothly colored, lightly beaten, fresh frozen, etc.).

5. In nouns formed from passive participles and verbal adjectives, two are written n or one n in accordance with the producing basis, for example:

• 1) dowerless, pupil, tributary, chosen one, priest, protege, drowned;

2) dumplings, smoked meats, ice cream, martyr, worker, student.

6. In adverbs formed from verbal adjectives, so much is written n, how many adjectives are in full forms, for example: to smile artificially, to appear unexpectedly, to explain confusingly.

7. In short forms of passive participles, unlike full ones, one thing is always written n, in short forms of verbal adjectives so many are written n, how many in full forms. Wed:

The democratic public is excited (participle: they were excited) by reports of interethnic clashes. - The actor’s performance was heartfelt and excited (adjective: full of excitement).

Many of them were brought close to the court and exalted (participle: they were exalted). - Their ideals and aspirations were lofty (adjective: noble and deep).

Their children were raised (participle: they were raised) in the spirit of advanced ideas. - This girl’s manners indicate that she is tactful and well-mannered (adjective: able to behave well).

Sometimes simple questions are artificially confused (participle: they were confused). - The plots of these works are complex and confusing (adjective: difficult to understand).

You are always lucky, you seem to be spoiled (participle: you have been spoiled) by fate. - With improper upbringing, children are usually capricious and spoiled (adjective: spoiled by pampering, capricious, pampered).

These conclusions are justified (participle: they were justified) by the very logic of the study. - The demands presented to us are arbitrary and unreasonable (adjective: unconvincing).

The scope of the work was limited (participle: they were limited) by the allocated funds. - His capabilities are limited (adjective: small).

The doctors were concerned (participle: they were concerned) about the patient’s condition. - The storm intensified, and the faces of the sailors were serious and worried (adjective: restless).

The court did not find any corpus delicti in this case, and the accused were acquitted (participle: they were acquitted). - Extraordinary measures in these conditions were necessary and completely justified (adjective: having an explanation).

All options for further play by the chess player have been thought through to the end (participle: he thought through them). - The examinees’ answers were meaningful and thoughtful (adjective: reasonable, justified).

Note 1. Some verbal adjectives in compound words are written in full form with two n, and in short - with one n, for example: generally recognized superiority - superiority is generally recognized, fresh frozen berries - berries are fresh frozen.

Note 2. In some verbal adjectives, double spelling is allowed in the short form, depending on the meaning and construction: if there are dependent words, one is written n, in the absence - two n, for example: My sister intends to leave soon. “His impudence is intentional.” We are devoted to the Motherland. — Old friends are always loyal. Our athletes are confident of victory. — The gymnasts’ movements are easy and confident. She is not interested in the success of this endeavor. — The faces of the listeners are interested.

Spelling N and NN in nouns

In derived nouns n or NN written depending on the morphemes with which nouns are formed, or in accordance with the stem from which they are derived.

1. NN is written:

1) if the root of the word ends in n and the suffix begins with n: elder-nick (elderberry), druzhin-nick (druzhina), malin-nick (raspberry), swindler-nick (moshna), aspen-nick (aspen), rowan-nick (rowan); besdorn-nits-a (dowry), besson-nits-a (sleep), zvon-nits-a (ringing), log-nits-a (log);

2) if the noun is formed from an adjective with nn, or from a participle: soreness (painful), agitation (excited), hryvnia (kryvnia), power of attorney (confided), cutesy (prissy), spoiled (spoiled), izbn-ik (chosen), exiled (exiled), konn-itsa (horse), koren-ik (indigenous), larch-itsa (deciduous), accident (accidental), education (educated), obshchestven-ik (public), organization ( organized), plenn-ik (captive), possan-ik (sent), privileged-ist (privileged), proizvodstven-ik (productive), millet-ik (millet), crafts-ik (craft), sotsanny-ik (related ), sacred-ik (sacred), seminal-ik (seminal), sov-ik (own), sovrem-ik (modern), coherence (coordinated), nebula (foggy).

2. N written in words: bagryan-itsa (crimson), varen-ik (boiled), windy-ost, windy-ik, windy-itsa (windy), gostin-itsa (living room), drovyan-ik (wood-burning), konoplyan-ik (hemp) , kopchen-ost (smoked), kostyan-ika (bone), maslen-itsa (oily), wiser-ost (sophisticated), ovsyan-itsa (oatmeal), peat-ik (peaty), smyshlen-ost (smart) and etc., as well as in the words alder-nik, omshan-ik.

Spelling Н and НН in suffixes of denominal adjectives (formed from the name of a noun)

1. Nn is written:

1) for adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -enn-, -onn-: artificial, cranberry, straw, operating, session, station and etc.; This also includes adjectives formed from nouns ending in mya (time, flame, etc.): temporary, fiery, seed, nominal, tribal etc.

In an adjective windy one is written n , since it is formed not from the noun wind, but from the verb wind using a suffix -n- , which does not contradict the spelling rule n in verbal adjectives: weathered, weathered, windswept- formed from verbs;

2) for adjectives formed from adjectives using a suffix -enn-, indicating a large measure of a sign: tall, hefty, wide and etc;

3) for adjectives formed from nouns with base on n(second -n- adjective suffix): long (length), true (true), millionth (million), ancient (antique), canvas (canvas) and etc.

Adjectives like mutton, carp, seal are written with one n , since they are formed from nouns with a stem in n by adding a suffix -j- .

Words spicy, rosy, youthful written with one n (non-derivative adjectives); in words derived from them, one n is also written: spice, ruddy, blush, youth(But: youth, since this word is formed from the combination young naturalist).

2. N is written on adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -in-, -an-, -yang- : pigeon(pigeon), goose(goose), chicken, eagle, swan, leather(leather), sandy(sand), cereous(wax), linen(canvas), silver, wood-burning and etc.

Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

It is necessary to distinguish between adjectives, the spelling of which depends on their meaning:

A) windy- “accompanied by the wind, with the wind” (windy weather), “frivolous” - transl. (fickle girl, youth); wind- “powered by the force of the wind” (wind engine, pump, mill); in combination chickenpox the adjective is written with a suffix -yan- , cf.: chickenpox- decomposition;

b) buttery- “soaked in oil, lubricated, stained with oil” ( butter pancakes, porridge, hands), trans. ( oily eyes, oily voice, also: Shrovetide week - Maslenitsa); oil- “for oil, from oil, in oil” ( oil cookies, oil paint, oil engine, pump and so on.); compare: oil bottle(“intended for oil”) and buttery bottle(“stained with oil”);

V) silver- “subjected to silvering, covered with silver” (silver spoon); silver- “made of silver” (silver spoon);

G) salty- “containing salt” (salted fish); salt- “consisting of salt” ( salt mine, salt pillar). In combination salt acid is written as a suffix on the adjective -yan- .

Spelling N and NN in verbal adjectives and participles

Full forms

Written with NN suffixes of full forms of passive past participles: -nn- And -yonn- (-enn- ). Adjectives correlative to them in form are written in some cases also with NN in a suffix, in others - with one n .

1. Written with NN participles and adjectives -ovanny, -evanny, -evanny(formed from verbs in -ow, -eat), For example: pampered, uprooted, lined, painted, organized; uprooted, spoiled, painted over, lined, reorganized.

2. Also written with NN communion not on -ovated(-evanny, – evanny) verbs perfect form and correlative adjectives; the vast majority of such verbs contain a prefix.

a) Examples of forms formed from prefixed verbs: bleached, washed, knitted, fried, written on, dyed, peeled, scolded, dyed, counted, unraveled, made.

b) A list of forms of native verbs without prefixes, as well as some verbs in which the prefix can only be distinguished etymologically: abandoned, given, finished, bought, deprived, captured, forgiven, abandoned, decided, captured, revealed; met, started, offended, acquired, obliged, visited, supplied.

Forms are also written according to this rule. two-species(having the meaning of both perfective and imperfective forms) verbs to marry, bequeath, promise, execute, give birth: married, bequeathed, promised, executed, born.

Exceptions. Are written with one n adjectives correlative with participial forms in the following stable combinations: finished man, named brother, named sister, imprisoned father, imprisoned mother, Forgiveness Sunday .

3. Participles are not on -ovated(-evanny, -evanny) verbs imperfect form(they are formed only from prefixless verbs) and the adjectives correlative with them are written differently: participles with NN , adjectives – with one n , For example: carts loaded with firewood, fish fried in oil, an oil painting, hair cut by a barber And short-cropped hair, green-painted benches, a floor that has not been swept for a long time, walls that have not yet been whitewashed, money that has been counted more than once, an offer made many times; But: loaded barge, fried fish, painted beauty, cut hair, painted benches, swept floor, whitewashed walls, a few minutes, feigned indifference; similarly knitted And knitted, ironed And ironed, woven And braided, brushed And cleaned; also written: chewed And chewed, pecked And pecking, forged And forged.

According to this rule, forms of two-type verbs are written concuss, baptize And injure. Wed: a shell-shocked soldier, a seriously wounded soldier, a soldier wounded in the leg, a newly baptized baby, But: shell-shocked commander, wounded soldier, baptized child.

As can be seen from the examples, the participle is recognized by the presence of dependent words. There are, however, rare cases when the dependent word is not a sign of the participle. For example, you should write: his mustache is clearly dyed(obviously artificial, where is the word obviously used with an adjective); the walls, previously whitewashed, are now covered with green paint(walls that used to be white).

In words with the prefix not-, in compound words and in some combinations? repetitions, the forms of participles and adjectives are written in the same way as in a separate (without a prefix and not as part of a compound word or repetition combination) use .

Examples:

1. Words with a prefix Not- :

Written with NN : uneducated, unlined, untested, unfinished, unbought, unforgiven ;

Written with n : unbleached, unironed, uninvited, unforged, unfed, unpainted, unmeasured, unpaved, unplowed, uninvited, uncounted.

2. Difficult words:

Written with NN : highly qualified, fully stamped, acquired, freshly painted, purposeful, born blind, insane;

Written with n : plain dyed, homespun, finely crushed, impostor, seriously wounded, whole-cut .

3. Repeat combinations with a prefix re- in the second part, having an intensifying meaning. In them, the second part is written in the same way as the first (with NN or n ), For example:

Written with NN : mortgaged-remortgaged, resolved-resolved ;

Written with n : patched-re-patched, washed-re-washed, mended-re-fixed, read-re-read, darned-re-darned.

Exceptions. Written with NN instead of n :

a) adjectives desired, awaited and (as part of stable combinations) has it been seen before?; Is it unheard of? They are formed from imperfect verbs wish, wait And see, hear .

Special cases: adjectives put on flooded sea; they are formed from imperfect prefix verbs put on, pour out, i.e. from verbs with a suffix - va- , which do not naturally form passive past participles;

b) adjectives with a prefix not-: unknown, unseen, unforeseen, unwanted, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected, unheard of, unexpected and (as part of a stable combination) watchful eye;

c) compound adjectives long-awaited, home-grown and (as part of a proper name) Andrew the First-Called.

The second parts of these prefixed and compound adjectives also correspond to imperfective verbs.

Short forms

Short forms of passive past participles are written with one n , For example: read, read, read, read; read, read, read, read; tagged, tagged, tagged, tagged; marked, marked, marked, marked. Neuter forms are also written in impersonal use, for example: smoked, polluted, driven, walked, driven-crossed, walked-crossed .

Short forms (except for the masculine form) adjectives with a qualitative meaning, coinciding in form with the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn , For example: brought up, brought up, brought up(from adjective well-mannered‘discovering the results of good education’); spoiled, spoiled, spoiled(from adjective spoiled‘accustomed to fulfilling one’s whims’); sublime, sublime, sublime(from adjective exalted‘full of high content’). Such adjectives have comparative forms: more educated, more spoiled, more elevated.

Compare the following examples in pairs with short forms of participles and adjectives: She was raised by a distant relative . – She has good manners and is well-mannered. She is spoiled with good conditions – She is capricious and spoiled.

Short forms of adjectives na-ny are written with one n , if these adjectives require dependent words and do not have a comparative form. Examples: attached to someone‘attached’ – She is very attached to him; full of something‘full, imbued’ – The soul is filled with sadness; heard about something‘well-informed’ – We've heard a lot about his tricks.

Some adjectives have different short forms with different meanings. For example, different spellings of short forms of the word devotee: She is kind and loyal And She's dedicated. In the first example devoted- same adjective as educated, spoiled, sublime, it has a comparative degree more faithful; in the second - the same as attached, fulfilled, heard(requires dependent words: to anyone, anything).

Short forms of adjectives, expressing different emotional states, can be written with n or with NN depending on the conveyed shades of meaning. For example: She's excited(she feels nervous) – Her speech is excited(her speech reveals, expresses excitement). In the first case, it is also possible to write excited(which would emphasize that her appearance expresses excitement), and in the second case the writing excited impossible (since speech cannot ‘experience excitement’).

In difficult cases of distinguishing such short forms, one should refer to the academic “Russian Spelling Dictionary”.

Short forms of complex adjectives, the second parts of which coincide with the participles on -ny, written with n or NN depending on the value. Adjectives expressing characteristics that can be manifested to a greater or lesser extent, i.e. forming comparative forms, have short forms (except for the masculine form) with NN ; adjectives that do not allow comparative forms in meaning have short forms with one n , For example:

well-mannered, -no, -nny; landscaped, -no, -nny; self-confident, -no, -nny; purposeful, -no, -nny; purposeful, -no, -nny(there are comparative forms more well-mannered, more comfortable, more self-confident, more purposeful, more purposeful);

interconnected, -but, -us; interdependent, -but, -us; generally recognized, -but, -us; contraindicated, -but, -we(no forms of comparative degree).

Short forms of adjectives with a qualitative meaning, the full forms of which are conveyed in writing with one n , are written in the same way as complete ones. For example: done, done, done(from made‘unnatural, forced’); prostitute, confused, prostitutes(from confused‘illogical, confusing’); scientist, scientist, scientists(from scientist‘knowing something thoroughly’). Comparative forms are also written ( more elaborate, more confused, more learned) and adverbs -O(done, confused, learned).

Such adjectives are few in number; the vast majority of adjectives correlative with participles -ny have no qualitative significance; these are boiled, boiled, soaked, dried, chiseled and so on.

SPELLING N-NN IN ADVERB SUFFIXES

Adverbs on -O , formed from adjectives and passive participles, are written with double n or one n - depending on how the corresponding adjective or participle is written.

For example:

Written with NN : unexpected, unheard of(from unexpected, unheard of), excitedly, excitement(excited), confident;

Written with n : confusing(talks confusedly), confusion, confusion(from confused), learned(very learnedly expressed),windy(It's windy outside today).

One of the specific features of Russian language lessons is the large amount of work that needs to be done to acquire the appropriate skills and abilities, as well as the nature of this work: painstakingly completing exercises, copying didactic material from a textbook or another educational book while simultaneously completing some tasks. Improving the methodology of teaching the Russian language using a computer as a technical teaching aid allows us to intensify the learning process: increase the pace of the lesson, increase the share of independent work by students. The use of a computer for training and monitoring the acquisition of knowledge and skills of students is especially effective. How do I use computers in my Russian language lessons?! As an example, I want to describe a lesson taught in 7th grade on the topic “N and НН in participles and adjectives.” This lesson was conducted as a test lesson using a computer. The work went like this. I first explained the spelling conditions in the traditional way n, nn in participles and adjectives. Then I moved on to the background notes on this topic. Since we had met with this topic before, one of the students in the class gave a background summary. There were punch cards on the desk in front of each student. During the lesson, the student had to do work on both the punch card and the computer. An expert group was created that monitored the results of the students’ work, so one teacher cannot cope with this. The results were entered into the scoreboard. As a result, the student had two or three grades: for an oral answer (if he answered), for a punched card, for a computer. Each computer program consists of three autonomous blocks: teaching, training and control. Any of these blocks can be used as an independent pedagogical software tool and organically absorbed into the outline of a traditionally taught lesson by selecting the menu offered on the monitor screen before starting work.

Lesson Objectives

1. Arming schoolchildren with technology that allows them to achieve high literacy in writing words s-n- and -nn-
2. Summarize and systematize the knowledge gained from studying this topic.
3. Fostering cultural skills in working with reference books of various types as the basis for further independent activity in high school.

During the classes

First stage. Org. Moment: teacher's opening statement.

Second phase. Repetition of what has been covered: a presentation with rules, a frontal survey can be carried out in the form of a forum.

Forum questions:

When it is written in adjectives NN ?

Name exceptions to these rules.

How to distinguish verbal adjectives with a suffix -n- from communion with -nn- ?

What exceptions in the spelling of verbal adjectives do you know?

How to write suffixes with n And NN in short forms of adjectives and participles?

How many n written in adverbs and nouns formed from adjectives and participles?

Third stage. Working with a supporting outline prepared in Word.

Fourth stage. Application of received theoretical titles in practice.

Express dictation (in the 1st column write down the numbers of words from n , in the 2nd - from NN ).

Stir it up NN new colors

Besce NN that's the thing

More painted NN shops

Glade illuminated n A

Weaving n th pattern

Tourists are accommodated n s

Commission formed n A

Rumya n sed persons

Svi n hams

Nekrashe n th fabric

Pisa n oh beauty

Notebook with scribble n A

Leather n th briefcase

Vetere n th day

Wind n oh engine

No wind NN th day

Scattering NN th boy

Nechaya NN th error

Emergency group work: 18 points – 5, 17-16 points 4, 15-14 points – 3.

Fifth stage. Spelling algorithm –n- and –in- in adjectives and participles.

Form adjectives from nouns and verbs as follows:

leather- leather n y: sand, rye;

drum- drum n y: abuse, hurricane, pocket, fog, spring, manna, early;

clay- clay yang y: birch bark, water, tin, resin, wool, peat;

to knit- elm n y: tear, call, confuse, hew, forge, chew, cut, wash;

wallow- Valya n y: winnow, solder, sow, shoot.

explain the spelling graphically n And in in words:

cochet n y meadow - nekoshe n oh, skosh NN y and koshe NN dewy meadow;

more painted NN th fence - painted - not painted for a long time - unpainted;

nope n oh tablecloth - weave NN golden - weaving NN aya - not sotka NN and I;

wound n 1st warrior - wound NN first in battle - lightly wounded n oh - hurt n s plow;

burn n second sugar - half-burnt NN that manuscript is burned NN oh desert.

conduct a selective dictation with an explanation. Write down the words in two columns with n And nn.

Old Mazai loves his low-lying land until old age (N. Nerkasov). 2) The road lay through a former rye field. 3) Spring has entered the earth with a solemn march. 4) I was drawn to the stone buildings, where there was a smell of machine oil. 5) The early harsh winter dawn appeared through the deathly haze (A. Fadeev). b) Neither sledge nor animal tracks were visible. 7) The sound of horse hooves was heard: a black horse was being taken out of the stable. 8) The village is surrounded by an earthen rampart (L. Tolstoy). 9) Nastya was as flighty as her young lady (A. Pushkin). 10) The night was windless.

Compose and write down a dictation of exception words for all cases of this topic.

Write down, form from these words using suffixes -awn-, -ny-, -enie- nouns, indicate spellings.

Insert the missing letters, find words with suffixes, highlight the suffixes.

Stone, strong, ardent, frosty, axed, long, juicy, weighty, ra_y, so_y, patterned, beto_y, slanted, straight, ruddy, tribal, guest, revolutionary, thief, filthy.

Explain the difference in the spelling of words with the same root.

All my friends are educated NN s. Commissions have already been formed n s.

The soldiers' faces are stern and concerned NN s. We were more concerned n s passed.

The training camp was organized NN O. Organized n o good food.

The fur is all tangled n and a kitten. This story is confusing n and also unclear.

The sea is excited n about the storm. Spoke excitedly NN oh, it's hot.

There are about 5 such tasks per student. Students must put it correctly or not. n into participles and adjectives. The computer, as it were, together with the student goes through the process of mastering the skills and abilities of correct writing. He seems to encourage students to work together. "Wonderful! Correct answer,” says the computer when the answer is correct. And to an incorrect answer, it “reacts” with a sound signal and the word “Error!” flashes. If a student makes a mistake, then after a specified time the computer displays on the screen the correct entry of the phrase in which the mistake was made. Upon completion of the work, a grade is given according to a 5-point system. The rating scale corresponds to the standards accepted in pedagogical practice. When working on a computer, the student has to be attentive and constantly analyze, using certain mental operations. Since there are not enough computers for each student, my students take turns working in these lessons. Some of the guys work on computers, some make punch cards, then change. They exchange punch cards and give each other marks, which are entered into the scoreboard by the expert group. The scoreboard is given to me, and based on it I put marks in the journal. As I already said, in my lessons I use punched cards. I make them reusable. They are inside a thin plastic film. Students do the work on film. During the next job, previous jobs are simply erased.

Sixth stage. Monitoring the assimilation of the material covered.

Control cards

Task 1. Write down the short forms of the adjective next to the full form.

Sample: ruddy - child of ruddy, girl of ruddy, child of ruddy.

Incomparable, united, valuable, revolutionary, desert, modern.

Words using the adjectives from which they are derived.

Sample: Maslenitsa - butter (pancake).

Ease, wildly, unceremoniously, vital, power of attorney, hotel, windy, larch, pickpocket, customs officer, relative.

Task 1. Paste n And NN , highlight the suffixes.

Telephone conversation, table tennis, earthen embankment, crane cry, hurricane warning, unreasonable lateness, skillful speaker, artificial diamond, seasonal work, target area, silver thread, wooden salt shaker.

Task 2. Form these adjectives into their short form in the feminine gender.

Unexpected, sacred, windy, deserted, long, ruddy, young, skillful, wounded, educated, artificial.

Task 1. Replace these phrases with synonymous expressions, highlight the suffixes.

Example: time of revolution - revolutionary time.

Division commander, excursion bus, triangle with equal sides, battalion commissar, excitement of discussion, punctuation mark, gathering according to tradition, windy day, institute of information.

Task 2. Explain the spelling n And NN according to the model.

Sample: smoked - smoked.

Cleverness, pupil, sophistication, Maslenitsa, chosen one, nebula, confusion, entanglement, artisan, youth.

Task 1. Turn participles into adjectives.

Sample: fish baked in ash - baked fish, gilded ring - gilded ring.

Cabbage pickled in a barrel, a whitewashed ceiling, melted butter, a barge loaded with timber, a paved street, a warrior wounded in the arm, hair that has not been dyed for a long time, an unseeded field, bushes planted by children.

Task 2. Form adverbs from these words using the suffix –o-

Furious, arrogant, solemn, oily, windy, violent, nameless, windless, organized, thoughtful, unheard of.

Task 1. Form a short form, highlight the spelling.

Tangled hair, scattered beads, overdyed stockings, works of art, numerous lights, cropped hair, given words, young creatures, educated youths, concentrated faces.

Task 2. Turn adjectives into passive participles by adding either a dependent word or a prefix.

Soaked apples, a wounded bird, a quilted jacket, dyed hair, salted fish, unshorn children, burnt coal, unfed cattle.

Task 1. Paste n or NN, explaining your choice.

Painted in blue, the guest seated under the icon, the father seated,

The bride's dowry, the streets are empty, the army commander's dowry, their carcasses, the movements of the kingdom, the hair that has long ceased to be beautiful, the smart children.

Task 2. Write down all exceptions on the topic “ N And NN in adjectives.”

Task 1. Form short participles and adverbs from these verbs, make up phrases and write them down.

Example: tangle - the wool is tangled, talking is confusing.

Organize, concentrate, enliven, deserve, strain, inspire, excite, dispel, excite, condemn.

Task 2 Underline the words with the suffix –onn-.

Seasonal, radiation, bottomless, compositional, revolutionary, bouillon, legal, sleepless, restless, commission, inclined, template, inertial, carriage, concrete, reactionary, operational.

Task 1. Explain the spelling of the following words (show graphically).

Mowed meadow - unmown meadow

Painted product - a fence that has not been painted for a long time

A basket woven by a craftsman - the basket is not woven

Bought bread - wounded soldier

This example is a woven pattern

Half-burnt manuscript - half-dried fish

Frozen meat - unfrozen berries

Task 2. Write down exception words on the topic “ N And NN in participles and verbal adjectives.”

Task 1. Form adjectives from the nouns and verbs given in brackets, write down phrases with them, explain graphically n or NN.

(Discussion) question, (wind) young man, (no wind) weather, (car) master, (inspiration) music, (gasify) area, (bee) wax, (make) fright, (weave) carpet, (seeds) fund, (eagle) glance, (sparrow) tweet, (division) medical battalion, (not wait) visit.

Task 2. Explain the spelling n or NN.

Decisions are considered (correct) - all moves are thought out

Views are directed into the distance - movements are directed (decisive)

Papers sent to court - move directionally

Task 1. Form participles and adjectives from verbs.

Sample: whitewash - bleached, walls have not been whitewashed for a long time.

Ferment, mow, pave, smelt, chill, heat, teach.

Task 2. Explain the spelling according to the example: a scarf woven with gold (there is a dependent word).

Hidden ice cream, confusing case, confusing story, young chess player, confusing story, unsolved problem, non-woven material, gilded thread, unsolved mystery, layer cake, boiled water.

Task 1. Insert the missing letters, distribute them into two columns with n And nn.

An embarrassed youth, a mad dog, a skilled worker, a forged lattice, a job done, a crane's cry, window frames, a smart kid, unplowed fields, mushrooms dried in the sun, a wind engine, calm weather, a wounded finger, a desired day.

Task 2. Next to the full participles and adjectives, write down the short ones.

Baked fish -

Sown field -

Sacred oath -

Desired holidays -

Slow movements

Clouds scattered by the wind -

Concentrated faces -

Tried friends -

Task 1. Copy, inserting letters, explaining spelling.

The faces of the sailors are concerned and serious; sauerkraut; we are limited in time; came out organized; concerned about the patient's condition; sauerkraut in a barrel; behave with restraint; teenagers are unbalanced and hot-tempered; imbalance and lack of restraint; unbaked bread; bride's dowry; baked pumpkin.

Task 2. Compose and write down sentences or phrases with the words:

Well-mannered - well-mannered, isolated - isolated, welded - uncoupled, scattered - scattered, restrained - restrained.

Control vocabulary dictation

Green forest, oil engine, butter pancake, tin soldier, windy day, burnt sugar, unexpected success, spoiled child, pig tail, chewed-chewed leaf, shod horse, unexpected success, come unexpectedly, unprecedented dawn, unheard news, slow move, bride's trousseau, non-woven tablecloth, smart kid, half-dried fish, long-awaited visit, leather cloak, freshly painted fence, gullible animal, windmill, incessant rain, burnt letter, broken line, boiled water, valuable remark, artificial honey, baked apple, half-milked cows, fields cut by hail, sworn brother wounded in the chest, a strange incident, virgin harvest, true history, the millionth inhabitant, true values, felted shoes, a shot sparrow, the real truth, children are absent-minded and inattentive, clouds are scattered, the smell of spicy saffron, a rosy birthday girl, wormwood thickets, a desperate young man, a wildly beating heart, state customs officers, a measured step, a lacerated wound.

Seventh stage. Summing up the results by the expert group, assigning points to the scoreboard.

Eighth stage. Homework.

But I want to note that working with a computer in teaching the Russian language should be considered as a complement to traditional teaching techniques and methods. He cannot completely replace the teacher. After all, the teacher retains the leading role of “director” of the lesson and the entire learning process, and the computer is only an assistant, a methodological tool along with other teaching aids.

Н/НН in participles and verbal adjectives

Spelling Н or НН in passive participles is one of those rules that are regularly encountered in dictations, essays and tests.

First of all, remember the rule: In the suffixes of full passive participles, two letters N are written, for example, CUTTED TREES. In the suffixes of short passive participles, one letter N is written, for example, TREES ARE CUTTED.

But since full passive participles are sometimes very similar to adjectives, to avoid mistakes, it is useful to remember the four conditions under which two letters N are written:

1) the participle has a prefix (except NOT-), for example, DRIED MUSHROOMS;

2) the participle was formed from a perfective verb, for example, SOLVED PROBLEM - from the verb DECIDE (what to do? – perfect form);

3) the participle has dependent words, for example, MUSHROOMS DRIED (where?) IN THE OVEN;

4) The participle is formed from the verb using the suffixes –OVA- or -EVA-, for example, EXCITED FACE.

If a word does not have any of these characteristics, then it is written with one N.

In addition, there are several words with two letters N, the spelling of which must be learned in the same way as we memorize exception words: UNSEEN, UNHEARD, UNEXPECTED, UNGUESSED, ACCIDENTAL, DESIRED, CHEERING, SACRED, SWEET.

Samples of reasoning

(1) How many Ns should be written in the participle from the phrase DENIED GARDEN? First of all, you need to see if the participle has a prefix. In our case, there is a prefix, which means that this word must be written with two N: DENIED GARDEN.

(2) How many Ns should be written in the participle from the phrase BROSHEY LOOK? First of all, let's see if the participle has a prefix. In our example, the participle does not have a prefix, therefore, we need to take the next step: determine the type of verb from which this participle was formed. BROSHE__Y was formed from the verb THROW (what to do?) This verb is of the perfect form, which means that in the participle you need to write two letters N: Abandoned LOOK.

(3) How many Ns should be written in the participle from the phrase FISH FRIED IN THE OVEN? The participle in this phrase has dependent words: ROASTING (where?) IN THE OVEN. Therefore, in the participle you need to write two letters N: OVEN FRIED FISH.

(4) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase ASPHALTED_OE HIGHWAY? Since this participle has the suffix -OVA-, it must contain two letters H: PAVED HIGHWAY.

(5) How many N should be written in the word WEAVE_AYA from the phrase WEAVE_AYA BASKET? Since it has no prefix, no dependent words, no suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, and also because it was formed from the imperfective verb WEAVE (what to do?), you need to write one letter N: WICER BASKET.

EXERCISE

“How can I not love him?” she said to herself, delving into his frightened and at the same time joyful gaze.

Levin immediately thought about this, but, despite this, he decided that such views of him from Sviyazhsky were only his unfounded assumption...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Well, the guest is uninvited,
Perhaps Father will come in!
I ask you to serve the young lady in love!

They wove scarlet ribbons for her
In two light brown braids,
They brought flowers and clothes
Unseen beauty.

Whoever wants to come to us is welcome;
The door is unlocked for invited and uninvited...
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

Parsley, you are always with new clothes,
With a torn elbow.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

...Information was requested from the hostile ministry about the measures that had been applied in the last decade...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

And that consumptive one, your relatives, the enemy of books,
The academic committee that settled...
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

And then she thinks -
God knows why -
That the starry sky is sand
Sprinkled leaf,
Constantly day and night on the road
A wonderfully well-coordinated cart...
(N. A. Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)

Levin always came to Moscow excited, hurried, a little constrained and irritated by this constraint, and for the most part with a completely new, unexpected view of things.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

No, to this deforested forest
I won't be lured in
Where were the oak trees up to the sky?
And now the stumps are sticking out!
(Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)

He drove to the serf ballet on many wagons
From mothers, fathers of rejected children?!
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

Stepan Arkadyevich had already gone downstairs, undressed, washed again, put on a ruffled nightgown and lay down... (Leo Tolstoy, “Anna Karenina”)

You will come to Nerchinsk if you
The road won't kill you.
Hardly four miles per hour
The chained one is coming...
(N. A. Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)

With a face disfigured by passion, pale and with a shaking lower jaw, Vronsky hit her in the stomach with his heel and again began to pull on the reins...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Daria Alexandrovna's eyes ran wild at this elegant, unprecedented crew...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

Finally married his daughter,
He took a dowry - shish, for his service - nothing.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

She remembered how she told almost a confession that her husband’s young subordinate made to her in St. Petersburg...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

At lunchtime they arrived: Alexey Alexandrovich’s old cousin... ...and one young man recommended to Alexey Alexandrovich for the service.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

To pen from cards? and to cards from the pen?
And what is the proper time for the tides to ebb and flow?
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

I’m running, I won’t look back, I’ll go looking around the world,
Where there is a corner for someone who is offended!..
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

Stepan Arkadyevich... in this comic courtship... and accidentally went so far that he no longer knew how to get back...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)

What are these people called politely?
Tenderer? - he is a secular man,
A notorious swindler, rogue:
Anton Antonich Zagoretsky.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

Because he softened the angry guest,
I wanted to praise.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)

You sit silently for an hour,
Undepressed, cheerful mind
Meanwhile it works...
(N. A. Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)

Participle and adjective. These two parts of speech have so much in common that it is often difficult to distinguish which is which. But error-free spelling depends on the correct definition. This also applies to the rules governing the use of N and NN in adjectives and participles.

Participle: one or two n

A participle is a verb form that contains both verbal and adjective features. When thinking about how many N's to use when writing a participle, keep in mind that there are always two N's in this part of speech.

However, there is a special group - verbal participles. N and NN and the subtleties of their spelling in these parts of speech will be discussed in detail below, but for now we will give examples of the basic rule. In full passive participles with suffixes -nn- and -enn- Two letters N are always written, provided:

1. The sacrament has a prefix, for example: a plowed field, stewed vegetables, fried fish.
2. The presence of words dependent on it in the participle: fish dried on the balcony, apples soaked in a barrel, a field plowed in the morning.
3. This is a perfect participle: a purchased cloak, a solved equation, a captured warrior.
4. The formation of the participle involved a verb with a suffix -ova-(-eva-, -irova-): paved road (pave), explored area (explore).

If at least one of these conditions is met, you can safely use two letters N.

One N in adjectives

The situation with adjectives is much more complicated. Here, the spelling of one H or two depends on many factors.

Let's consider cases when one H is needed:

1. If the adjective has suffixes -in-, -an-(-yan-). The first, as a rule, refers to an animal (eagle's beak, rooster's tail, swan's fidelity). The second indicates what the item is made of: leather belt, oil paint (oil-based paint, should be distinguished from the word oiled in the meaning soaked in oil - an oily pancake), silver spoon (also should be distinguished from the word silver, with an emphasis on e - meaning y the word “treated with silver”, the word in this meaning has the suffix -en-). This clause has three words that are exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
2. In adjectives in the formation of which no part of speech was involved (primitives): blue, young. Such adjectives do not have a suffix.
3. Exception word - adjective windy, here you need to write one H, but its derivatives with prefixes will have NN: the weather was calm, we approached from the leeward side. It is also worth distinguishing a word with a different lexical meaning: wind (powered by wind) - wind engine, chicken pox.

NN in adjectives

NN should be written for adjectives in the following cases:

1. The letters stand at the junction of the root and the suffix: depth - deep; fog - foggy; million - millionth.
2. The adjective is formed using suffixes -enn-, -onn-: operational (from operation), station (station), intentional (to intend).
3. Ending with -ovanny (-evanny): pampered, painted, organized.

Verbal adjective

There is a whole group of adjectives - verbal ones. It is with their distinction that mistakes are made in the text and the rules N and НН in participles are incorrectly applied. Why? The fact is that they have a very pronounced meaning of action: fried, steamed, boiled. The rule “spelling N and NN in participles” does not apply to them. In verbal forms of an adjective, one N is always used.

Such adjectives have a number of specific features, by which one can easily guess that this is the part of speech that we have in front of us:

1. No prefix. Let's compare: painted - painted. The second word has a prefix, so the rule “N and NN in participles” applies to it - NN should be used. But the first one is a verbal adjective that must be written with one N.
2. No dependent words. Let's compare: a confused trace is a trace confused with special care. In the first case, we observe a verbal adjective, in which we write one N (there are no dependent words). They exist in the second case - we write, according to the rule “N and NN in participles”, with two N.

Verbal adjective or participle: algorithm

You can determine the spelling of N and NN in adjectives and participles using an algorithm, the main thing of which is to correctly recognize the part of speech. It must be remembered that the participle requires the placement of two Hs, and the verbal adjective requires one. Let's look at two examples.

• First: Boiled water is poured into the carafe . First, let’s determine the presence of a prefix: the verb “boil” is used in the formation of the word, and accordingly, the prefix is ​​missing. Next, let's see if there are dependent words. There is none of them. If these two points do not coincide, then most likely we have a verbal adjective. The only thing left to do is to check what type of verb the word is formed from. Boil (what to do? - imperfect form). This means that the rule “spelling N and NN in participles” does not work here. This name is an adjective - we write one letter N.
• Second: Freshly boiled water is poured into the carafe . We look for the presence of a prefix: boiled, formed from the verb “boil” using a prefix -all-. Although we could stop here, apply the rule “N and НН in participles” and write two N, let’s check further. At the word « boiled" is a dependent word - "recently", which means that we are clearly facing a participle.

So, briefly, the algorithm for using N and NN in participle suffixes comes down to the following: we determine whether the word has prefixes or dependent words. If there is, this is a participle, where NN is written. If there is neither one nor the other, we check the type of the verb that participated in the formation of the word: imperfect - one H, perfect - NN.

Spelling N and NN in short adjectives and participles

Another aspect of the rule regarding the use of N or NN in participles and adjectives is their short forms.

The short form of the adjective answers the questions “what? », “what? » In this form, as many letters N are required as are used in the full form: solemn speech - solemn speech, long path - the path is long, mysterious nature - nature is mysterious or a wounded fighter - a fighter is wounded, windy weather - windy weather, confused rule - confused rule .

In short participles, one N is always used, even if there are two in the full form. For example: lessons learned - lessons learned, newspaper read - newspaper read, poem written - poem written, house built - house built.