Joseph Dzhugashvili was born in 1878 in Georgia, which was then part of the vast Russian Empire. He was the son of a housewife and a simple shoemaker. Vissarion, his father, an alcoholic and rowdy, was arrested after an attack on the city police chief.
In 1894, 16-year-old Joseph received a grant to study at the elementary Russian Orthodox seminary. By the end of the first year, Dzhugashvili Jr. firmly decided that he did not believe in God.
Despite his convictions, Joseph remained in the seminary until 1899, then he was expelled - Dzhugashvili did not pass the final exam. But then the young man was thinking about something completely different: he was fascinated by Lenin’s writings and joined a Marxist political group.
The future leader took his first pseudonym while still in seminary. He called himself Koba and demanded that his comrades call him the same. This is the name of the hero from Joseph’s favorite novel “The Patricide,” written by Alexander Kazbegi. In the novel, Koba is a young peasant who can easily be called a “noble robber”, only, unlike Robin Hood, he is more realistic.
1901 Stalin at the age of 23.
1894 15-year-old Joseph Dzhugashvili.
After leaving church school, Stalin worked at a weather station until 1901, then finally became an underground revolutionary. Koba organized rallies, started riots and constantly wrote articles for underground propaganda leaflets. In 1904 he joined Lenin's new Bolshevik group.
In 1911, Koba takes his second and last pseudonym, which for the next few decades will inspire fear and respect throughout the world - he begins to call himself Stalin.
1901 Photos of Koba from police archives.
March 1908. Photos of Stalin after his arrest.
Personal file of Joseph Stalin. The profile was opened after his arrest in Baku in 1910.
1911 Photos taken by the secret police in St. Petersburg.
During the First World War, Joseph Stalin never went to the front. As a child, he was twice run over by a horse-drawn carriage, as a result of which he received serious injuries to his left arm and was released from service. In April 1917, at the congress of the Communist Party, Stalin was elected to the Central Committee. Six months later the Committee voted for a revolution, which subsequently led to civil war.
In less than 10 years, Joseph Stalin would become General Secretary of the Communist Party. Along with his appointment, the leader received a number of nicknames that were firmly attached to him among the people: the Genius of Humanity, the Great Architect of Communism and many others.
1915 Stalin (second row, third from left) with a group of Bolsheviks in the village of Turukhansk, Russia.
Joseph Stalin, Vladimir Lenin and Mikhail Kalinin in 1919.
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (real name Dzhugashvili) was born on December 21 (Old Style 9), 1879 (according to other sources, December 18 (Old Style 6), 1878), in the Georgian city of Gori in the family of a shoemaker.
After graduating from the Gori Theological School in 1894, Stalin studied at the Tiflis Theological Seminary, from where he was expelled for revolutionary activities in 1899. A year earlier, Joseph Dzhugashvili joined the Georgian social-democratic organization Mesame Dasi. Since 1901 he has been a professional revolutionary. At the same time, the party nickname “Stalin” was assigned to him (for his inner circle he had another nickname - “Koba”). From 1902 to 1913, he was arrested and expelled six times, and escaped four times.
When in 1903 (at the Second Congress of the RSDLP) the party split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, Stalin supported the Bolshevik leader Lenin and, on his instructions, began creating a network of underground Marxist circles in the Caucasus.
In 1906-1907, Joseph Stalin participated in organizing a number of expropriations in Transcaucasia. In 1907, he was one of the leaders of the Baku Committee of the RSDLP.
In 1912, at the plenum of the Central Committee of the RSDLP, Stalin was in absentia introduced into the Central Committee and the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP. Participated in the creation of the newspapers Pravda and Zvezda.
In 1913, Stalin wrote the article “Marxism and the National Question,” which earned him the authority of an expert on the national question. In February 1913, he was arrested and exiled to the Turukhansk region. Due to a hand injury suffered in childhood, in 1916 he was declared unfit for military service.
From March 1917, he participated in the preparation and conduct of the October Revolution: he was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b), and was a member of the Military Revolutionary Center for the leadership of the armed uprising. In 1917-1922 he was People's Commissar for Nationalities Affairs.
During the Civil War, he carried out important assignments of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) and the Soviet government; was a member of the Council of Workers' and Peasants' Defense from the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council (RVS) of the Republic, a member of the RVS of the Southern, Western and Southwestern Fronts.
When on April 3, 1922, at the plenum of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), a new position was established - the General Secretary of the Central Committee, Stalin was elected as the first Secretary General.
This initially purely technical position was used and turned by Stalin into a post with high powers. Its hidden strength lay in the fact that it was the general secretary who appointed the lower-level party leaders, thanks to which Stalin formed a personally loyal majority among the middle ranks of party members. In 1929, his 50th anniversary was celebrated for the first time on a state scale. Stalin remained in the position of General Secretary until the end of his life (from 1922 - General Secretary of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), from December 1925 - CPSU (b), from 1934 - Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), from 1952 - CPSU).
After Lenin's death, Stalin declared himself the sole successor to the work of the late leader and his teachings. He proclaimed a course towards “building socialism in one single country.” In April 1925, at the XIV Conference of the RCP (b), a new theoretical and political position was formalized. Stalin, quoting a number of Lenin's statements from different years, emphasized that it was Lenin, and not anyone else, who discovered the truth about the possibility of the victory of socialism in one country.
Stalin carried out the accelerated industrialization of the country and the forced collectivization of peasant farms, which was. The kulaks were liquidated as a class. The department of the central registry of the OGPU in the certificate of eviction of kulaks determined the number of special settlers as 517,665 families with a population of 2,437,062 people. The death toll during these relocations to areas poorly suited for living is estimated at at least 200 thousand people.
In his foreign policy activities, Stalin adhered to the class line of fighting the “capitalist encirclement” and supporting the international communist and labor movement.
By the mid-1930s, Stalin concentrated all state power in his hands and actually became the sole leader of the Soviet people. Old party leaders - Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Bukharin, Rykov and others, who were part of the anti-Stalinist opposition, were gradually expelled from the party, and then physically destroyed as “enemies of the people.” In the second half of the 1930s, a regime of severe terror was established in the country, which reached its climax in 1937-1938. The search and destruction of “enemies of the people” affected not only the highest party bodies and the army, but also broad layers of Soviet society. Millions of Soviet citizens were illegally repressed on far-fetched, unsubstantiated charges of espionage, sabotage, and sabotage; exiled to camps or executed in the basements of the NKVD.
With the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, Stalin concentrated all political and military power in his hands as Chairman of the State Defense Committee (June 30, 1941 - September 4, 1945) and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Armed Forces. At the same time, he took the post of People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR (July 19, 1941 - March 15, 1946; from February 25, 1946 - People's Commissar of the Armed Forces of the USSR) and was directly involved in drawing up plans for military operations.
During the war, Joseph Stalin, together with US President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, initiated the creation of an anti-Hitler coalition. He represented the USSR in negotiations with countries participating in the anti-Hitler coalition (Tehran, 1943; Yalta, 1945; Potsdam, 1945).
After the end of the war, during which the Soviet army liberated most of the countries of Eastern and Central Europe, Stalin became an ideologist and practitioner of the creation of a “world socialist system,” which was one of the main factors in the emergence of the Cold War and the military-political confrontation between the USSR and the USA .
On June 27, 1945, Stalin was awarded the title of Generalissimo of the Soviet Union.
On March 19, 1946, during the restructuring of the Soviet government apparatus, Stalin was confirmed as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR.
After the end of the war in 1945, Stalin's regime of terror resumed. Totalitarian control over society was again established. Under the pretext of fighting “cosmopolitanism,” Stalin carried out purges one after another, and anti-Semitism actively flourished.
However, Soviet industry developed rapidly, and by the beginning of the 1950s, the level of industrial production was already 2 times higher than the level of 1940. The standard of living of the rural population remained extremely low.
Stalin paid special attention to increasing the defense capability of the Soviet Union and the technical re-equipment of the army and navy. He was one of the main initiators of the implementation of the Soviet “atomic project”, which contributed to the transformation of the USSR into one of the two “superpowers”. He refused to return to the USSR. The move to the West and the subsequent publication of Twenty Letters to a Friend (1967), in which Alliluyeva recalled her father and Kremlin life, caused a worldwide sensation. She stopped in Switzerland for a while, then lived in the USA. In 1970, she married the American architect Wesley Peters, gave birth to a daughter, and soon divorced, but...
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How did it happen that an ordinary teenager from the provincial Georgian village of Gori became the “head of the people”? We decided to look at what factors contributed to the fact that Koba, who lived in robbery, became Joseph Stalin.
Father factor
Father's upbringing plays a big role in a man's maturation. Joseph Dzhugashvili was actually deprived of it. Koba's official father, shoemaker Vissarion Dzhugashvili, drank a lot. Ekaterina Geladze divorced him when her son was 12 years old.
The paternity of Vissarion Dzhugashvili is still disputed by historians. Simon Montefiori, in his book “Young Stalin,” writes about three “contenders” for this role: wine merchant Yakov Ignatashvili, Gori police chief Damian Davrichui and priest Christopher Charkviani.
Childhood trauma
Stalin's character as a child was seriously affected by the injury he received at the age of twelve: in a road accident, Joseph injured his left arm, and over time it became shorter and weaker than his right. Due to his withered hands, Koba could not fully participate in youthful fights; he could only win them with the help of cunning. A hand injury prevented Kobe from learning to swim. Joseph also suffered from smallpox at the age of five and barely survived, after which he developed his first “special mark”: “a pockmarked face with smallpox marks.”
The feeling of physical inferiority affected Stalin's character. Biographers note the vindictiveness of young Koba, his temper, secrecy and penchant for conspiracy.
Relationship with mother
Stalin's relationship with his mother was difficult. They wrote letters to each other, but met rarely. When the mother visited her son for the last time, this happened a year before her death, in 1936, she expressed regret that he never became a priest. Stalin was only amused by this. When his mother died, Stalin did not go to the funeral, only sent a wreath with the inscription “To my dear and beloved mother from her son Joseph Dzhugashvili.”
Such a cool relationship between Stalin and his mother can be explained by the fact that Ekaterina Georgievna was an independent person and was never shy in her assessments. For the sake of her son, when Joseph was neither Koba nor Stalin, she learned to cut and sew, mastered the profession of a milliner, but she did not have enough time to raise her son. Joseph grew up on the street.
Birth of Koba
The future Stalin had many party nicknames. He was called “Osip”, “Ivanovich”, “Vasiliev”, “Vasily”, but the most famous nickname of young Joseph Dzhugashvili was Koba. It is significant that Mikoyan and Molotov addressed Stalin this way even in the 1930s. Why Koba?
Literature influenced. One of the young revolutionary’s favorite books was the novel “The Patricide” by the Georgian writer Alexander Kazbegi. This is a book about the struggle of mountain peasants for their independence. One of the heroes of the novel - the intrepid Koba - also became a hero for the young Stalin, who, after reading the book, began to call himself Koba.
Women
In the book “Young Stalin” by British historian Simon Montefiore, the author claims that Koba was very loving in his youth. Montefiore, however, does not consider this to be anything special; this way of life, the historian writes, was characteristic of revolutionaries.
Montefiore claims that Koba’s mistresses included peasant women, noblewomen, and party comrades (Vera Schweitzer, Valentina Lobova, Lyudmila Stal).
The British historian also claims that two peasant women from Siberian villages (Maria Kuzakova, Lidiya Pereprygina), where Koba was serving his exile, gave birth to sons from him, whom Stalin never recognized.
Despite such turbulent relationships with women, Koba’s main business was, of course, the revolution. In his interview with Ogonyok magazine, Simon Montefiore commented on the information he obtained: “Only party comrades were considered worthy of respect. Love and family were expelled from life, which should have been devoted only to the revolution. What seems immoral and criminal in their behavior to us did not matter to them.”
"Exes"
Today it is already well known that Koba in his youth did not disdain illegal activities. Koba showed particular zeal during expropriations. At the Bolshevik congress in Stockholm in 1906, the so-called “exes” were banned; a year later, at the London congress, this decision was confirmed. It is significant that the congress in London ended on June 1, 1907, and the most sensational robbery of two State Bank carriages, organized by Koba Ivanovich, occurred later - on June 13. Koba did not comply with the demands of the congress for the reason that he considered them Menshevik; on the issue of “ex”, he took the position of Lenin, who approved them.
During the mentioned robbery, Koba’s group managed to get 250 thousand rubles. 80 percent of this money was sent to Lenin, the rest went to the needs of the cell.
Stalin's not-so-clean reputation could become an obstacle to his advancement in the future. In 1918, the head of the Mensheviks, Yuli Martov, published an article in which he gave three examples of Koba’s illegal activities: the robbery of State Bank carriages in Tiflis, the murder of a worker in Baku, and the seizure of the steamship “Nicholas I” in Baku.
Moreover, Martov even wrote that Stalin had no right to hold government positions, since he was expelled from the party in 1907. Stalin was furious at this article; he claimed that this exclusion was illegal, since it was carried out by the Tiflis cell, controlled by the Mensheviks. That is, Stalin still did not deny the fact of his exclusion. But he threatened Martov with a revolutionary tribunal.
Why "Stalin"?
Throughout his life, Stalin had three dozen pseudonyms. At the same time, it is significant that Joseph Vissarionovich did not make a secret of his surname. Who now remembers Apfelbaum, Rosenfeld and Wallach (Zinoviev, Kamenev, Litvinov)? But Ulyanov-Lenin and Dzhugashvili-Stalin are well known. Stalin chose the pseudonym quite deliberately. According to William Pokhlebkin, who devoted his work “The Great Pseudonym” to this issue, several factors coincided when choosing a pseudonym. The real source when choosing a pseudonym was the surname of a liberal journalist, first close to the populists and then to the Socialist Revolutionaries, Evgeniy Stefanovich Stalinsky, one of the prominent Russian professional publishers of periodicals in the province and translator into Russian of Sh. Rustaveli’s poem “The Knight in the Skin of the Tiger.” Stalin loved this poem very much. There is also a version that Stalin took a pseudonym based on the name of one of his mistresses, party comrades Lyudmila Stal.
How did it happen that an ordinary teenager from the provincial Georgian village of Gori became the “head of the people”? We decided to look at what factors contributed to the fact that Koba, who lived in robbery, became Joseph Stalin.
Father factor
Father's upbringing plays a big role in a man's maturation. Joseph Dzhugashvili was actually deprived of it. Koba's official father, shoemaker Vissarion Dzhugashvili, drank a lot. Ekaterina Geladze divorced him when her son was 12 years old.
The paternity of Vissarion Dzhugashvili is still disputed by historians. Simon Montefiori, in his book “Young Stalin,” writes about three “contenders” for this role: wine merchant Yakov Ignatashvili, Gori police chief Damian Davrichui and priest Christopher Charkviani.
Childhood trauma
Stalin's character as a child was seriously affected by the injury he received at the age of twelve: in a road accident, Joseph injured his left arm, and over time it became shorter and weaker than his right. Due to his withered hands, Koba could not fully participate in youthful fights; he could only win them with the help of cunning. A hand injury prevented Kobe from learning to swim. Joseph also suffered from smallpox at the age of five and barely survived, after which he developed his first “special mark”: “a pockmarked face with smallpox marks.”
The feeling of physical inferiority affected Stalin's character. Biographers note the vindictiveness of young Koba, his temper, secrecy and penchant for conspiracy.
Relationship with mother
Stalin's relationship with his mother was difficult. They wrote letters to each other, but met rarely. When the mother visited her son for the last time, this happened a year before her death, in 1936, she expressed regret that he never became a priest. Stalin was only amused by this. When his mother died, Stalin did not go to the funeral, only sent a wreath with the inscription “To my dear and beloved mother from her son Joseph Dzhugashvili.”
Such a cool relationship between Stalin and his mother can be explained by the fact that Ekaterina Georgievna was an independent person and was never shy in her assessments. For the sake of her son, when Joseph was neither Koba nor Stalin, she learned to cut and sew, mastered the profession of a milliner, but she did not have enough time to raise her son. Joseph grew up on the street.
Birth of Koba
The future Stalin had many party nicknames. He was called “Osip”, “Ivanovich”, “Vasiliev”, “Vasily”, but the most famous nickname of young Joseph Dzhugashvili was Koba. It is significant that Mikoyan and Molotov addressed Stalin this way even in the 1930s. Why Koba?
Literature influenced. One of the young revolutionary’s favorite books was the novel “The Patricide” by the Georgian writer Alexander Kazbegi. This is a book about the struggle of mountain peasants for their independence. One of the heroes of the novel - the intrepid Koba - also became a hero for the young Stalin, who, after reading the book, began to call himself Koba.
Women
In the book “Young Stalin” by British historian Simon Montefiore, the author claims that Koba was very loving in his youth. Montefiore, however, does not consider this to be anything special; this way of life, the historian writes, was characteristic of revolutionaries.
Montefiore claims that Koba’s mistresses included peasant women, noblewomen, and party comrades (Vera Schweitzer, Valentina Lobova, Lyudmila Stal).
The British historian also claims that two peasant women from Siberian villages (Maria Kuzakova, Lidiya Pereprygina), where Koba was serving his exile, gave birth to sons from him, whom Stalin never recognized.
Despite such turbulent relationships with women, Koba’s main business was, of course, the revolution. In his interview with Ogonyok magazine, Simon Montefiore commented on the information he obtained: “Only party comrades were considered worthy of respect. Love and family were expelled from life, which should have been devoted only to the revolution. What seems immoral and criminal in their behavior to us did not matter to them.”
"Exes"
Today it is already well known that Koba in his youth did not disdain illegal activities. Koba showed particular zeal during expropriations. At the Bolshevik congress in Stockholm in 1906, the so-called “exes” were banned; a year later, at the London congress, this decision was confirmed. It is significant that the congress in London ended on June 1, 1907, and the most sensational robbery of two State Bank carriages, organized by Koba Ivanovich, occurred later - on June 13. Koba did not comply with the demands of the congress for the reason that he considered them Menshevik; on the issue of “ex”, he took the position of Lenin, who approved them.
During the mentioned robbery, Koba’s group managed to get 250 thousand rubles. 80 percent of this money was sent to Lenin, the rest went to the needs of the cell.
Stalin's not-so-clean reputation could become an obstacle to his advancement in the future. In 1918, the head of the Mensheviks, Yuli Martov, published an article in which he gave three examples of Koba’s illegal activities: the robbery of State Bank carriages in Tiflis, the murder of a worker in Baku, and the seizure of the steamship “Nicholas I” in Baku.
Moreover, Martov even wrote that Stalin had no right to hold government positions, since he was expelled from the party in 1907. Stalin was furious at this article; he claimed that this exclusion was illegal, since it was carried out by the Tiflis cell, controlled by the Mensheviks. That is, Stalin still did not deny the fact of his exclusion. But he threatened Martov with a revolutionary tribunal.
Why "Stalin"?
Throughout his life, Stalin had three dozen pseudonyms. At the same time, it is significant that Joseph Vissarionovich did not make a secret of his surname. Who now remembers Apfelbaum, Rosenfeld and Wallach (Zinoviev, Kamenev, Litvinov)? But Ulyanov-Lenin and Dzhugashvili-Stalin are well known. Stalin chose the pseudonym quite deliberately. According to William Pokhlebkin, who devoted his work “The Great Pseudonym” to this issue, several factors coincided when choosing a pseudonym. The real source when choosing a pseudonym was the surname of a liberal journalist, first close to the populists and then to the Socialist Revolutionaries, Evgeniy Stefanovich Stalinsky, one of the prominent Russian professional publishers of periodicals in the province and translator into Russian of Sh. Rustaveli’s poem “The Knight in the Skin of the Tiger.” Stalin loved this poem very much. There is also a version that Stalin took a pseudonym based on the name of one of his mistresses, party comrades Lyudmila Stal.
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin is a popular Russian revolutionary. He carried out political, state and military activities. For almost thirty years he was the head of the Soviet state. He was elected Generalissimo and Marshal of the Soviet Union. In 1917 he showed great efforts and became People's Commissar in the field of nationalities affairs in the Council of People's Commissars. Since 1922 - General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party. We are talking about the Bolsheviks. Since 1946, he became Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union.
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich
Biography of Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich
Ruled from 1922 to 1953. The personality of Joseph Stalin is associated with mass repressions, violence and genocide of the people. Most people to this day believe that Stalin is a real hero and savior of the people, who helped them and led the country to victory in Great Patriotic War. However, there is also a category of the population who remember the personality of the Russian revolutionary with anger and hatred. For some time he was the editor-in-chief of the Bolshevik newspaper "Is it true" and demonstrated great success in this area.
Stalin was always tough in his activities, made clear and radical decisions, and always destroyed all enemies in his path. In connection with the rule of this statesman, innovations were always developed in the country and restructuring began. Thanks to Joseph Stalin, the Union became the second state in the world in terms of industrial production. Unfortunately, Stalin achieved such success using very harsh methods. He took food from peasants and sold it abroad.
Joseph Stalin in childhood
Over the course of eight years, Joseph Vissarionovich was arrested about eight times. The arrests were for various reasons. For example, Stalin’s repeated attacks on banks in order to replenish party coffers. Almost always the revolutionary managed to escape.
The early years of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich was born on December 9, 1879 in the city of Gori, Tiflis province. However, there is not a single official source that could confirm the date of birth of the famous statesman. To this day, at least four supposed dates of birth of Joseph Vissarionovich wander. Stalin's real name is Dzhugashvili. Father of a famous revolutionary, Vissarion Dzhugashvili, was a shoemaker and earned a small amount of money, so he could not properly provide for his family. Moreover, he often abused alcohol. While intoxicated, Vissarion often beat his wife and son. In addition to Joseph, the family also had two children- boy and girl. However, they died in infancy. It is associated with diseases.
Joseph Stalin's parents
Stalin's mother Ekaterina Georgievna, devoted all her free time to her son. She wanted Joseph to become a priest in the future. In 1888, young Dzhugashvili began attending the Gori Orthodox Theological School. He was accepted straight into second grade. A year later, the boy entered first grade at the school. In this institution he received his education. He graduated from college in 1894 with honors. At the Gori School, Stalin became acquainted with Marxism and paid a lot of attention to this aspect.
Autumn 1894 Stalin entered the Orthodox Tiflis Theological Seminary. During this period, Joseph began to attend underground meetings of revolutionaries. His friends claimed that Stalin was distinguished by high intellectual abilities. Moreover, when he had free time, the revolutionary devoted it to self-education and development. After this, the man began to engage in revolutionary activities. Unfortunately, he was kicked out of the seminary. The reason for this was repeated absenteeism. After this, Joseph tried to earn a living and was engaged in tutoring. Later he visited the Tiflis Physical Observatory and got a job as a computer-observer.
In 1898, Stalin joined the first Georgian social democratic organization. There they immediately remembered him and noted the man’s oratorical abilities. In this regard, he began to conduct propaganda in Marxist workers' circles.
Joseph Stalin in his youth
Joseph Stalin: the path to power
Stalin began his revolutionary activities in the early 1900s. Initially, he was engaged in active propaganda. In this regard, Joseph began to enjoy popularity in society. At that time, the head of the Soviet government was Vladimir Lenin. Stalin met him and other popular revolutionaries. The man tried in every possible way to achieve success and develop, but his attempts were unsuccessful. He was detained about eight times. Each time Stalin escaped from prison.
Soon in 1912 Joseph Dzhugashvili decided to change his surname. From that moment he became Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. Moreover, he had many nicknames that his friends called him. Among them are “Koba”, “David”, “Stalin” and others. In the near future, Joseph became the editor-in-chief of the Bolshevik newspaper Pravda. His friendships and partnerships strengthened every day. Thus, Stalin soon became the main assistant to the head of the Soviet government. Lenin was confident that his new friend would help him resolve Bolshevik and revolutionary issues.
Joseph Stalin and Vladimir Lenin
A few years later in 1917, Lenin appointed Stalin People's Commissar for Nationalities in the Council of People's Commissars. He was delighted with the actions of Joseph Vissarionovich. The Civil War began, during which the future ruler achieved high results and was successful in all his manifestations. Moreover, he demonstrated real leadership qualities. At the end of the war, Lenin had serious health problems and was mortally ill. Already at that time, Stalin became his deputy. His methods of struggle became more and more radical, brutal and precise. He destroyed all the enemies on his way, namely those who wanted to become the chairman of the government of the Soviet Union on his way.
In 1930 Joseph completely ruled the Soviet state. This period was associated with various innovations, restructuring and changes. His reign was characterized by massive repression, violence, hunger strikes and cruelty towards the population. The tough revolutionary took food products from local peasants and sent them abroad. As a result, thousands of people died and suffered. Stalin received huge sums for food. With these funds he financed industrial enterprises and other institutions in his country. After a short period, the USSR became the second country in the world in terms of industrial production. Note that Joseph began the process of industrialization and mechanization of agriculture.
Joseph Stalin at the beginning of his career
Repressions of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin
From the very beginning of his rule, Stalin used harsh, radical methods. However, many believe that it was precisely this policy of the famous revolutionary that helped the country reach a high level and achieve such results. Moreover, this course of events became an argument for victory in the Great Patriotic War. The process of industrialization and mechanization of agriculture began. Soon USSR- one of the most powerful countries in the world, which is characterized by success in all areas. Among them are politics, culture, economics, education and others.
However, even today there are many opponents of Stalin. In their opinion, the policies of this revolutionary are terrible. It was filled with violence, aggression, cruelty and pain. Stalin's main method of rule was dictatorship. His reign is often associated with the repression of the population, which was common at that time. They affected many nations and millions of people. Among them are Germans, Chechens, Ingush, Koreans, Crimean Tatars, Turks and many others. Dozens of nations suffered from the state activities of the Russian revolutionary. They died in terrible agony and pain. In addition, seven states lost their national autonomy during the repressions.
Joseph Stalin and Kliment Voroshilov
Historical experts claim that Stalin’s actions negatively affected the state of the country’s defense capability, namely, the troops during the period Great Patriotic War. Most of the marshals of the Soviet Union were repressed. At that time there were five of them, three of them suffered from repression. Also during the reign of this politician, a brutal anti-religious campaign and mass liquidation of churches were ended.
Moreover, Joseph Stalin suppressed other categories of the population. Among them are doctors, engineers and others. Such actions seriously influenced the state of culture and science in the state.
The role of Joseph Stalin in the Great Patriotic War
At the height of the Great Patriotic War, a catastrophic situation developed in Europe. In this regard, Joseph Stalin decided to improve ties with Germany. The Russian radical revolutionary was confident that the war with Hitler would soon pass. Therefore, he considered all further actions and decided to improve his condition. Thus, Stalin planned to purchase new military weapons and other equipment in order to arm his army as much as possible.
Generalissimo Joseph Stalin
Then the famous Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. The USSR annexed the territories of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus, the Baltic states, Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina. In the summer of 1941, Hitler attacked the state of the USSR. During this period, the country suffered significantly in all areas. We are talking about human losses and material losses. Further, in addition to the USSR, many states joined the opposition to Hitler. Among them are China, the United States of America, the countries of Central and Latin America and many others. Every day the number of the anti-Hitler coalition increased more and more.
Stalin did everything possible to ensure that the state won. Thus, the victory over Nazism did occur and justice triumphed. In this regard, the USSR significantly increased its influence in Eastern Europe and East Asia. The world socialist system was also formed.
Post-war years
After the end of the war, the country's leader Joseph Stalin did everything possible to develop the state's military-industrial complex. The USSR truly became one of the most powerful countries, which had a high level of development in all areas. In 1945 The system of Stalinist terror was resumed. Totalitarian control over the population was expanded to the maximum. In February 1945, Stalin took part in the Yalta Conference of the Allied States. This procedure was dedicated to the organization of the post-war world order.
Joseph Stalin
Oddly enough, the industrial aspect developed significantly during this period. In the early 1950s, the level of industrial production almost doubled. The standard of living of the population still remained at a low level without changes. At that time, Stalin Joseph pursued a policy of combating “cosmopolitanism.” This influenced anti-Semitism. Constant purges were extremely popular under Stalin's rule.
Assessments of Stalin's personality
Stalin's government has been talked about for decades. Some people admire him as an experienced and effective leader, thanks to whom the country has reached a high level and achieved success in all areas. However, others remember the policies of the Russian revolutionary with fear. They are horrified by such aggression, cruelty, anger and violence.
Joseph Stalin organized the strongest army, which achieved success and did everything possible. The USSR (republic) became one of the most powerful countries in the world at that time. Stalin's competitors also expressed their opinions about his rule. According to them, his policies were characterized by a totalitarian regime and authoritarian methods of governance.
Soviet leader Joseph Stalin
We are talking about maximum state control over all layers of society, violence, mass genocides and the death of millions of people. The deportation of many peoples was also recorded. Repressions and famines of 1931-1933 and other brutal events of that period were widespread. However, despite all the negativity that Stalin presented, the Soviet Union became one of the most powerful states, which showed record results in industry, agriculture and other aspects.
Joseph Stalin carried out dozens of revolutions, which, in fact, led to a decent level among other states. Let us recall that the republic has become the second industrial power in the world. The famous public and political figure often appears in various historical rankings, where he often takes leading positions. He became a well-known figure in the field of politics, which is still talked about by millions of people.
Personal life of Joseph Stalin
As you know, Stalin tried to hide the details of his personal life as much as possible, but facts about his family are known.
Throughout his life, Joseph Stalin had two wives. He first married on July 16, 1906 in the Tiflis Church of St. David with Ekaterina Svanidze. A year later, the couple had a son. He was named Yakov. A few months later, the wife of a famous Russian figure died of typhus. After such a loss, the man plunged headlong into the life of the state and devoted himself to political events. However, a few years later, Stalin still married again.
Joseph Stalin and Ekaterina Svanidze
Later, the Russian politician found new love. He married a second time in 1918. Stalin's new chosen one was Nadezhda Alliluyeva. She was twenty-three years younger than her lover. As you know, the woman is the daughter of the famous Russian revolutionary S. Ya. Alliluyev. After three years of marriage, a son named Basil. In the winter of 1926, a second child was born into the marriage - a daughter, who was named Svetlana. She also raised Stalin's son from her first marriage. Until this moment, Yakov lived with his grandmother, namely, with the mother of the deceased Ekaterina Svanidze.
Joseph Stalin with Nadezhda Alliluyeva
In 1932 Joseph and his wife Nadezhda had a serious conflict, after which she committed suicide. The children were orphaned. After this incident, no information appeared about the personal life of the head of the Soviet state. Moreover, a close friend of Joseph Stalin, a revolutionary, died Fedor Andreevich Sergeev. So he decided to adopt his child - Artem Sergeeva.
In 1936 Stalin had a grandson Evgeny Dzhugashvili. For twenty-five years, the grandson of the famous Russian revolutionary worked as a senior teacher of the history of wars and military art at the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR named after. K.E. Voroshilov. He is a citizen of Georgia and the Russian Federation. In 2016, Evgeny Dzhugashvili passed away.
Joseph Stalin with his son Vasily and daughter Svetlana
Death of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich passed away March 5, 1953. He lived in the post-war period for many years in a residence called Blizhnaya Dacha. There he spent the last days of his life and died. The unconscious revolutionary was discovered by one of the guards. Joseph's body was found in the dining room. Soon medical workers arrived and diagnosed him with paralysis on the right side of the body. They provided the necessary assistance to Stalin, but within a few days he passed away.
According to doctors, death was due to severe bleeding in the brain. Such data was in the medical report. An examination and autopsy was carried out, which showed that throughout his life Joseph Vissarionovich suffered several ischemic strokes in his legs, which influenced further complications. He suffered serious problems with the cardiovascular and nervous system.
The body of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was embalmed and placed next to the body of his good friend, Vladimir Lenin. He was placed in Mausoleum. However, later at the CPSU Congress the decision was changed. The embalmed body of the Russian leader was moved to a grave near Kremlin wall.
Joseph Stalin's grave
Some historians argue that the sudden death of the Russian revolutionary could have been influenced by his competitors and ill-wishers. However, this version has now been excluded.
Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich is a famous personality about whom the whole world is still talking today. It evokes both positive and negative emotions. However, the personality of this leader played a huge role in the political life of the country. His revolutionary activities are characterized by cruelty, violence, totalitarianism and aggression. During the reign of this man, the mass deportation of many peoples was carried out, the death of millions of people. But despite all these terrible nuances of that time, the USSR was still one of the most powerful powers, which had a large-scale level of industrial production and other areas. The personality of Joseph Stalin and the stories associated with his reign will be in everyone's mind for many years to come.