In recent years, neuroscience has given us a new perspective on the nature of emotions. Now scientists can pinpoint which parts of the brain are responsible for specific emotions. In 2013, a group of psychologists published the results of a study in which they claim to have found a connection between certain neurons and human emotions. Scientists have identified the location of anger, disgust, envy, fear, happiness, lust, pride, sadness and shame.
Tiffany Watt Smith, a research fellow at the University of London, says: “We have expanded the concept of emotion. Now emotion is not only a psychological, but also a physical phenomenon that can be tracked in our brain.” Tiffany Smith, in her “Book of Human Emotions,” collected 154 precise names for different feelings from around the world. This book can be called an "emotional granularity" because it describes many specific feelings that you probably weren't even aware of. “When you give new emotions names, they become less scary. Feelings are easier to manage when you know more about them,” says Tiffany Smith.
Strange things happened to Smith while writing the book - she began to frequently experience emotions that she had just become familiar with. She may have encountered them before, but now they are easier to identify, knowing the exact definition. For example, while working, Tiffany fell under the influence of an emotion called “greng jai,” which means “unwillingness to accept help from other people so as not to bother them again,” and refused the help offered.
Below are the 10 most accurate words that describe feelings. We warn you: once you know the exact name of an emotion, you will likely experience it more often.
1. Amae
To be an adult means to be completely independent. But sometimes you really want someone to take care of you, to help you with the burden of problems and responsibilities. The Japanese word "amae" means a feeling of complete trust in a spouse, parents, or oneself that helps a relationship flourish. Japanese psychoanalyst Takeo Doi offers the following decoding: “amae is an emotion that implies another person’s love for you as a matter of course.” The emotion “amae” is similar to childish love, this is confirmed by another translation - “behave like a spoiled child.”
2. "L'appel du vide"
Has it ever happened to you that you are waiting on the platform for a train, and the thought suddenly appears in your head: “What will happen if you jump off the platform?” Or are you driving a car along a mountain road with a cliff on one side, and you feel a strange desire to jerk the steering wheel sharply and fly into the abyss? In 2012, American psychologists published an article and called this feeling the “height phenomenon,” noting that it is not necessarily associated with suicidal tendencies. Ultimately, the French term chosen for this emotion was “l’appel du vide,” literally meaning “the call of the void.” This emotion causes great anxiety because it makes us feel like we don't trust our own instincts. There is no reason to be afraid, but you also shouldn’t forget that you shouldn’t be led by your emotions.
3. "Awumbuk"
This emotion is associated with guests. When your house is full of guests, and the entire hallway is littered with shoes and bags, you involuntarily wish for it all to end as soon as possible. But when guests leave your home, you feel empty. This feeling is known to everyone in Papua New Guinea, which is why it has its own name there, “Awumbuk,” translated as “the feeling of emptiness after guests leave.” Fortunately, the people who gave the name to this melancholic emotion know how to deal with it. When guests leave, the owners of the house leave a full bowl of water overnight so that it absorbs the “purulent” air. The next morning, the whole family gets up early in the morning and pours the water from the cup into the garden, after which normal life continues.
4. Brabant
In 1984, writer Douglas Adams and producer John Lloyd collaborated on a book called The Deeper Meaning of Life: A Dictionary of Expressions That Aren't But Should Be. Smith in this book found an interesting word for her work - she chose a term that describes a situation when a person deliberately annoys someone in order to see when the opponent’s patience will run out. Adams and Lloyd define it as “that feeling of wanting to know how much you can tease someone.”
5. "Depayment"
When in a foreign country, people often do things that are atypical for themselves. They may chat with strangers at a bar, although they never do this at home. When you feel like a stranger in a foreign land, it excites and disorients you. The French word for this mixture of emotions is “depaysement,” or “to be out of the country.” Experiencing "depaysement" makes you feel like an outsider. Of course, you may be worried about the fear of getting lost - after all, all the signs and signs are written in an unfamiliar language, but the most painful thing is the realization that you are now far from home.
To demonstrate the emotion, we need this white cat:
The cat sits on the table and throws off with its paws all the objects that its owner puts on the table. The cat can be said to be experiencing "ilinx", a French word to describe a strange desire for wanton destruction. Sociologist Roger Caillois, in his explanation of the word “ilinx,” makes reference to the practices of ancient mystics, who used chaotic dances to enter a state of trance. Nowadays, this emotion can be experienced by giving in to the immediate desire to create chaos and kicking the office wastebasket.
7. "Kaukokaipuu"
People of, say, Irish descent who have never been to Ireland may experience a strange feeling - they miss a country associated with their ancestors, which they have never visited. In Finland, this feeling is called “kaukokaipuu” - longing for a place that a person has never been to. In fact, this is a specific version of the desire to change places, when a person sits at home and dreams of traveling to distant countries, for example, to New Zealand or Hawaii, and the feeling is so strong that it is even comparable to nostalgia.
8. "Malu"
You consider yourself a person with strong social skills, but where do they go when you find yourself in an elevator with the CEO of your company? Indonesians know this feeling well and have given it a name. The term "malu" means a sudden feeling of embarrassment and discomfort caused by the presence of a high-ranking person. In Indonesia, this emotion has an unusual attitude: it is considered absolutely normal and even indicates good manners. So don’t worry the next time you find yourself in a similar situation, your embarrassment is an indicator of politeness.
9. "Pronoia"
In J.D. Salinger's book Higher the Rafters, Carpenters, one of the characters, Seymour Glass, exclaims: “Lord, if I really am some kind of clinical case, then I guess I'm paranoid in reverse. I suspect people are colluding to make me happy." Thirty years later, sociologist Fred Goldner gave a name to the opposite of paranoia: “pronoia.” This emotion can be described as a strange feeling that everyone around you wants to help you.
10. "Torschlusspanik"
Life goes by. The end is approaching. Literally translated from German, the word “torschlusspanik” means “fear of closing doors,” that is, the unpleasant feeling that time is running out. The German idiom “torschlusspanik ist ein schlechter Ratgeber”, meaning “torschlusspanik is a bad adviser,” will help you calm down and avoid the feeling of panic.
During the day, a person experiences a lot of emotions, which, mixing with each other, create a bizarre bouquet. This bouquet colors a person’s perception, making a day “bad” or “good.”
Surely every person wants to wake up every morning with a smile and spend the day in a positive mood. Living every day happily, filling your life with joyful emotions - this task may turn out to be impossible until a person learns to manage his emotions.
We can change our mood as we want, we don’t have to be dependent on circumstances. In order to feel the emotion of joy, it is not necessary to wait for the right moment when someone or something makes us laugh.
In order to rejoice, you just need to rejoice. To be happy, you don’t have to look for a reason: money, health, a soulmate, recognition, and so on. You can be happy just like that. After all, all we need already is our emotions.
All that remains is to understand the art of managing your emotions. To do this, first of all, you need to know the types of human emotions in order to learn to distinguish and separate emotions from each other, because they rarely appear in their pure form.
Every person has four pure emotions:
- anger
- fear
- joy
- despondency
These types of emotions create a combination of other feelings and emotions that each of us may experience on a daily basis.
Watch this short video, it shows the faces of different people experiencing the same emotions: from joy to fear.
Conventionally, the types of human emotions can be divided into three main categories: negative, positive and neutral.
List of basic human emotions and feelings
Positive
1. Pleasure
2. Joy.
3. Rejoicing.
4. Delight.
5. Pride.
6. Confidence.
7. Trust.
8. Sympathy.
9. Admiration.
10. Love (sexual).
11. Love (affection).
12. Respect.
13. Tenderness.
14. Gratitude (appreciation).
15. Tenderness.
16. Complacency.
17. Bliss
18. Schadenfreude.
19. Feeling of satisfied revenge.
20. Peace of mind.
21. Feeling of relief.
22. Feeling satisfied with yourself.
23. Feeling of security.
24. Anticipation.
Neutral
25. Curiosity.
26. Surprise.
27. Amazement.
28. Indifference.
29. Calm and contemplative mood.
Negative
30. Displeasure.
31. Grief (sorrow).
33. Sadness (sadness).
34. Despair.
35. Chagrin.
36. Anxiety.
38. Fear.
41. Pity.
42. Sympathy (compassion).
43. Regret.
44. Annoyance.
46. Feeling insulted.
47. Indignation (indignation).
48. Hatred.
49. Dislike.
50. Envy.
52. Anger.
53. Dejection.
55. Jealousy.
57. Uncertainty (doubt).
58. Mistrust.
60. Confusion.
61. Rage.
62. Contempt.
63. Disgust.
64. Disappointment.
65. Disgust.
66. Dissatisfaction with oneself.
67. Repentance.
68. Remorse.
69. Impatience.
70. Bitterness.
Perhaps some of the readers will not agree with this division of feelings. Feelings are divided not from the position of ethics, but from the position of pleasure or displeasure.
A person invests a colossal amount of energy in his emotions. In essence, this energy is neutral, only emotion can give it a positive or negative character, direct it towards creation or destruction.
Take a closer look at this list, determine for yourself in which emotions do you invest your strength more, in the emotions of destruction or creation?
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It’s difficult for me to understand my feelings - a phrase that each of us has encountered: in books, in movies, in life (someone else’s or our own). But it is very important to be able to understand your feelings. Some people believe - and perhaps they are right - that the meaning of life is in feelings. And in fact, at the end of life, only our feelings, real or in memories, remain with us. And our experiences can also be a measure of what is happening: the richer, more varied, and brighter they are, the more fully we experience life.
What are feelings? The simplest definition is: feelings are what we feel. This is our attitude towards certain things (objects). There is also a more scientific definition: feelings (higher emotions) are special mental states, manifested by socially conditioned experiences that express long-term and stable emotional relationships of a person to things.
How are feelings different from emotions?
Sensations are our experiences that we experience through our senses, and we have five of them. Sensations are visual, auditory, tactile, taste and smell (our sense of smell). With sensations everything is simple: stimulus - receptor - sensation.
Our consciousness interferes with emotions and feelings - our thoughts, attitudes, our thinking. Emotions are influenced by our thoughts. And vice versa - emotions influence our thoughts. We’ll definitely talk about these relationships in more detail a little later. But now let's remember once again one of the criteria, namely point 10: we are responsible for our feelings, it depends on us what they will be. It is important.
Fundamental Emotions
All human emotions can be distinguished by the quality of experience. This aspect of human emotional life is most clearly presented in the theory of differential emotions by the American psychologist K. Izard. He identified ten qualitatively different “fundamental” emotions: interest-excitement, joy, surprise, grief-suffering, anger-rage, disgust-disgust, contempt-disdain, fear-horror, shame-shyness, guilt-remorse. K. Izard classifies the first three emotions as positive, the remaining seven as negative. Each of the fundamental emotions underlies a whole spectrum of conditions that vary in degree of expression. For example, within the framework of such a unimodal emotion as joy, one can distinguish joy-satisfaction, joy-delight, joy-jubilation, joy-ecstasy and others. From the combination of fundamental emotions, all other, more complex, complex emotional states arise. For example, anxiety can combine fear, anger, guilt and interest.
1. Interest- a positive emotional state that promotes the development of skills and knowledge. Interest-excitement is a feeling of capture, curiosity.
2. Joy- a positive emotion associated with the ability to sufficiently fully satisfy an urgent need, the likelihood of which was previously small or uncertain. Joy is accompanied by self-satisfaction and satisfaction with the world around us. Obstacles to self-realization are also obstacles to the emergence of joy.
3. Surprise- an emotional reaction to sudden circumstances that does not have a clearly defined positive or negative sign. Surprise inhibits all previous emotions, directing attention to a new object and can turn into interest.
4. Suffering (grief)- the most common negative emotional state associated with receiving reliable (or seeming) information about the impossibility of satisfying the most important needs, the achievement of which previously seemed more or less likely. Suffering has the character of an asthenic emotion and more often occurs in the form of emotional stress. The most severe form of suffering is grief associated with irretrievable loss.
5. Anger- a strong negative emotional state, often occurring in the form of affect; arises in response to an obstacle in achieving passionately desired goals. Anger has the character of a sthenic emotion.
6. Disgust- a negative emotional state caused by objects (objects, people, circumstances), contact with which (physical or communicative) comes into sharp conflict with the aesthetic, moral or ideological principles and attitudes of the subject. Disgust, when combined with anger, can motivate aggressive behavior in interpersonal relationships. Disgust, like anger, can be directed toward oneself, lowering self-esteem and causing self-judgment.
7. Contempt- a negative emotional state that arises in interpersonal relationships and is generated by a mismatch in the life positions, views and behavior of the subject with those of the object of feeling. The latter are presented to the subject as base, not corresponding to accepted moral standards and ethical criteria. A person is hostile to someone he despises.
8. Fear- a negative emotional state that appears when the subject receives information about possible damage to his life well-being, about a real or imagined danger. In contrast to suffering caused by direct blocking of the most important needs, a person, experiencing the emotion of fear, has only a probabilistic forecast of possible trouble and acts on the basis of this forecast (often insufficiently reliable or exaggerated). The emotion of fear can be both sthenic and asthenic in nature and occur either in the form of stressful conditions, or in the form of a stable mood of depression and anxiety, or in the form of affect (horror).
9. Shame- a negative emotional state, expressed in the awareness of the inconsistency of one’s own thoughts, actions and appearance not only with the expectations of others, but also with one’s own ideas about appropriate behavior and appearance.
10. Wine- a negative emotional state, expressed in the awareness of the unseemlyness of one’s own act, thought or feelings and expressed in regret and repentance.
Table of human feelings and emotions
And I also want to show you a collection of feelings, emotions, states that a person experiences during his life - a generalized table that does not pretend to be scientific, but will help you better understand yourself. The table was taken from the website “Communities of Addicted and Codependent”, author - Mikhail.
All human feelings and emotions can be divided into four types. These are fear, anger, sadness and joy. You can find out what type a particular feeling belongs to from the table.
| Fear | Sadness | Anger | Joy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety | Apathy | Aggression | Bliss |
| Anxiety | Indifference | Disgust | Cheerfulness |
| Confusion | Helplessness | Fury | Excitement |
| Panic | Depression | Rabies | Delight |
| Horror | Despair | Anger | Dignity |
| Thinking through | Guilt | Annoyance | Confidence |
| Discomfort | Difficulty | Cruelty | Pleasure |
| Confusion | Exhaustion | Envy | Interest |
| Closedness | Exhaustion | Vindictiveness | Curiosity |
| Hurt | Melancholy | Discontent | Peacefulness |
| Fright | gloominess | Hatred | Immediacy |
| Nervousness | Inconvenience | Intolerance | Relief |
| Mistrust | worthlessness | Disgust | Revival |
| Uncertainty | Resentment | Dissatisfaction | Optimism |
| Uncertainty | Concern | Condemnation | Energy |
| Alertness | Rejection | Disgust | Flattered |
| Rejection | Devastation | Madness | Peace |
| Fear | Loneliness | Insult | Happiness |
| Caution | Sadness | Contempt | Pacification |
| Restraint | Passivity | Pickiness | Confidence |
| Embarrassment | Depression | Disdain | Satisfaction |
| Shyness | Pessimism | Irritation | Rapture |
| Fussiness | Lost | Jealousy | Love |
| Anxiety | Brokenness | Sharpness | Tenderness |
| Cowardice | Upset | Angry | Sympathy |
| Doubt | Shame | Cynicism | Luck |
| Shock | Brokenness | Annoyance | Euphoria |
| Boredom | Acrimony | Ecstasy | |
| Yearning | |||
| Fatigue | |||
| Oppression | |||
| Sullenness | |||
| frown |
And for those who read the article to the end :) The purpose of this article is to help you understand your feelings, what they are. Our feelings largely depend on our thoughts. Irrational thinking is often at the root of negative emotions. By correcting these mistakes (working on our thinking), we can be happier and achieve more in life. There is interesting, but persistent and painstaking work to be done on oneself. You are ready?
It’s difficult for me to understand my feelings - a phrase that each of us has encountered: in books, in movies, in life (someone else’s or our own). But it is very important to be able to understand your feelings.
The Wheel of Emotions by Robert Plutchik
Some people believe - and perhaps they are right - that the meaning of life is in feelings. And in fact, at the end of life, only our feelings, real or in memories, remain with us. And our experiences can also be a measure of what is happening: the richer, more varied, and brighter they are, the more fully we experience life.
What are feelings? The simplest definition: feelings are what we feel. This is our attitude towards certain things (objects). There is also a more scientific definition: feelings (higher emotions) are special mental states, manifested by socially conditioned experiences that express long-term and stable emotional relationships of a person to things.
How are feelings different from emotions?
Sensations are our experiences that we experience through our senses, and we have five of them. Sensations are visual, auditory, tactile, taste and smell (our sense of smell). With sensations everything is simple: stimulus - receptor - sensation.
Our consciousness interferes with emotions and feelings - our thoughts, attitudes, our thinking. Emotions are influenced by our thoughts. And vice versa - emotions influence our thoughts. We’ll definitely talk about these relationships in more detail a little later. But now let’s remember once again one of the criteria for psychological health, namely point 10: we are responsible for our feelings, it depends on us what they will be. It is important.
Fundamental Emotions
All human emotions can be distinguished by the quality of experience. This aspect of human emotional life is most clearly presented in the theory of differential emotions by the American psychologist K. Izard. He identified ten qualitatively different “fundamental” emotions: interest-excitement, joy, surprise, grief-suffering, anger-rage, disgust-disgust, contempt-disdain, fear-horror, shame-shyness, guilt-remorse. K. Izard classifies the first three emotions as positive, the remaining seven as negative. Each of the fundamental emotions underlies a whole spectrum of conditions that vary in degree of expression. For example, within the framework of such a unimodal emotion as joy, one can distinguish joy-satisfaction, joy-delight, joy-jubilation, joy-ecstasy and others. From the combination of fundamental emotions, all other, more complex, complex emotional states arise. For example, anxiety can combine fear, anger, guilt and interest.
1. Interest is a positive emotional state that promotes the development of skills and abilities and the acquisition of knowledge. Interest-excitement is a feeling of capture, curiosity.
2. Joy is a positive emotion associated with the opportunity to sufficiently fully satisfy an actual need, the probability of which was previously small or uncertain. Joy is accompanied by self-satisfaction and satisfaction with the world around us. Obstacles to self-realization are also obstacles to the emergence of joy.
3. Surprise - an emotional reaction to sudden circumstances that does not have a clearly defined positive or negative sign. Surprise inhibits all previous emotions, directing attention to a new object and can turn into interest.
4. Suffering (grief) is the most common negative emotional state associated with receiving reliable (or seeming) information about the impossibility of satisfying the most important needs, the achievement of which previously seemed more or less likely. Suffering has the character of an asthenic emotion and more often occurs in the form of emotional stress. The most severe form of suffering is grief associated with irretrievable loss.
5. Anger is a strong negative emotional state, often occurring in the form of affect; arises in response to an obstacle in achieving passionately desired goals. Anger has the character of a sthenic emotion.
6. Disgust is a negative emotional state caused by objects (objects, people, circumstances), contact with which (physical or communicative) comes into sharp conflict with the aesthetic, moral or ideological principles and attitudes of the subject. Disgust, when combined with anger, can motivate aggressive behavior in interpersonal relationships. Disgust, like anger, can be directed toward oneself, lowering self-esteem and causing self-judgment.
7. Contempt is a negative emotional state that arises in interpersonal relationships and is generated by a mismatch in the life positions, views and behavior of the subject with those of the object of feeling. The latter are presented to the subject as base, not corresponding to accepted moral standards and ethical criteria. A person is hostile to someone he despises.
8. Fear is a negative emotional state that appears when the subject receives information about possible damage to his life well-being, about a real or imaginary danger. In contrast to suffering caused by direct blocking of the most important needs, a person, experiencing the emotion of fear, has only a probabilistic forecast of possible trouble and acts on the basis of this forecast (often insufficiently reliable or exaggerated). The emotion of fear can be both sthenic and asthenic in nature and occur either in the form of stressful conditions, or in the form of a stable mood of depression and anxiety, or in the form of affect (horror).
9. Shame is a negative emotional state, expressed in the awareness of the inconsistency of one’s own thoughts, actions and appearance not only with the expectations of others, but also with one’s own ideas about appropriate behavior and appearance.
10. Guilt is a negative emotional state, expressed in the awareness of the unseemlyness of one’s own actions, thoughts or feelings and expressed in regret and repentance.
Table of human feelings and emotions
And I also want to show you a collection of feelings, emotions, states that a person experiences during his life - a generalized table that does not pretend to be scientific, but will help you better understand yourself. The table was taken from the website “Communities of Addicted and Codependent”, author - Mikhail.
All human feelings and emotions can be divided into four types. These are fear, anger, sadness and joy. You can find out what type a particular feeling belongs to from the table.
|
|
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And for those who read the article to the end. The purpose of this article is to help you understand your feelings and what they are like. Our feelings largely depend on our thoughts. Irrational thinking is often at the root of negative emotions. By correcting these mistakes (working on our thinking), we can be happier and achieve more in life. There is interesting, but persistent and painstaking work to be done on oneself. You are ready?
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P.S. And remember, just by changing your consumption, we are changing the world together! © econet
Man received emotions, so to speak, by inheritance from his animal ancestors. Therefore, some human emotions coincide with the emotions of animals - for example, rage, anger, fear. But these are primitive emotions associated with the satisfaction of organic needs, and some of the simplest “objective” feelings. In connection with the development of intelligence and higher social needs, more complex human feelings were formed on the basis of simple emotions (but emotions also remained).In this way, we distinguish an emotion from a feeling.
Emotion is more primitive, it is characteristic not only of humans, but also of animals and expresses an attitude towards the satisfaction of purely physiological needs. Feelings developed on the basis of the interaction of emotions with intellect in the process of forming social relationships and are characteristic only of humans. The line between emotion and feeling is not always easy to draw. In physiological terms, the difference between them is determined by the degree of participation of cortical and especially second-signal processes.
Feeling is one of the forms of human consciousness, one of the forms of reflection of reality, expressing a person’s subjective attitude towards the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of his human needs, to the compliance or non-compliance of something with his ideas.
Not all human needs are innate. Some of them are formed in the process of education and reflect not only a person’s connection with nature, but also his connection with human society. Many feelings are so closely intertwined with human intellectual activity that they cannot arise outside of this activity. They require preliminary analytical work of thought to assess the situation. Without this assessment, a feeling does not arise. Sometimes such mental work requires a considerable period of time, and then the feeling arises very late and, undoubtedly being a fact of mental life, loses, of course, its biological role.
For example, if a person is not aware of the danger, then the feeling of fear does not occur, but much later, when the danger has passed, the person may be overcome by fear.
Sometimes a person does not immediately assess the meaning of words containing an offensive hint, and then the feeling of insult comes belatedly.
It happens that a very distant memory can revive old feelings again, and a hot flush of shame fills the face of a person who remembers his long-standing shameful act. This is the so-called emotional memory.
“Dissociation” of thoughts and feelings appears with age. In early childhood, thought and feeling are still inseparable. Their isolation is associated with the development of speech and consciousness.
Below we provide a list of human feelings. It does not include higher social feelings, since their position among other feelings is special, and they cannot be put on a par with others. These feelings arise as a reaction to the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of higher social aspirations and needs, which are subject to more rapid changes in the process of historical development and differ greatly among people raised in different eras, in different social formations, belonging to different social groups and classes.
We consider the following to be the highest social feelings:
1) Sense of duty.
2) Sense of justice.
3) Sense of honor.
4) Sense of responsibility.
5) Feeling of patriotism.
6) Feeling of solidarity.
7) Creative inspiration.
8) Labor enthusiasm.
There is also a whole group of aesthetic feelings:
a) Feeling of the sublime.
b) Feeling of beauty.
c) Feeling tragic.
d) Feeling of the comic.
The study of higher social feelings no longer belongs only to psychology and physiology, but also to the field of social sciences.
Our list does not include such lower emotions as hunger, thirst, fatigue and pain. These emotions are less subject to change and evolution than others in the process of human social development.
List of basic emotions and feelings
Positive1.Pleasure
2. Joy
Z. Rejoicing
4. Delight
5. Pride
6. Confidence
7. Trust
8. Sympathy
9. Admiration
10. Love (sexual)
11.Love (affection)
12. Respect
13. Tenderness
14. Gratitude (appreciation)
15. Tenderness
16. Complacency
17. Bliss
18. Schadenfreude
19. Feeling of satisfied revenge
20. Peace of mind
21. Feeling of relief
22. Feeling satisfied with yourself
23. Feeling safe
24. Anticipation
Neutral
25. Curiosity
26. Surprise
27. Amazement
28. Indifference
29. Calm and contemplative mood
Negative
30. Displeasure
31. Grief (sorrow)
32. Sadness (sadness)
33. Despair
34. Melancholy
35. Chagrin
36. Anxiety
37. Resentment
38. Fear
39. Fright
40. Fear
41. Pity
42. Sympathy (compassion)
43. Regret
44. Annoyance
45. Anger
46. Feeling insulted
47. Indignation (indignation)
48. Hatred
49. Dislike
50. Envy
51. Anger
52. Anger
53. Dejection
54. Boredom
55. Jealousy
56. Horror
57. Uncertainty (doubt)
58. Mistrust
59. Shame
60. Confusion
61. Fury
62. Contempt
63. Disgust
64. Disappointment
65. Disgust
66. Dissatisfaction with oneself
67. Repentance
68. Remorse
69. Impatience
70. Bitterness
The feelings we have listed do not exhaust the entire palette, the entire diversity of human emotional states. A comparison with the colors of the solar spectrum is appropriate here. There are 7 basic tones, but how many more intermediate colors do we know and how many shades can be obtained by mixing them!
It is difficult to say how many different emotional states there may be - but, in any case, there are immeasurably more than 70. Emotional states are highly specific, even if they have the same name with modern crude assessment methods. There seem to be many shades of anger, joy, sadness and other feelings.
Love for an older brother and love for a younger sister are similar, but far from identical feelings. The first is colored with admiration, pride, and sometimes envy; the second - a sense of superiority, a desire to provide patronage, sometimes pity and tenderness. A completely different feeling is love for parents, love for children. But to designate all these feelings we use one name.
We have made the division of feelings into positive and negative not on ethical grounds, but solely on the basis of the pleasure or displeasure delivered. Therefore, gloating ended up in the column of positive feelings, and sympathy - in the negative feelings column. As we see, there are significantly more negative ones than positive ones. Why? Several explanations can be offered.
Sometimes the idea is expressed that there are simply many more words in the language that express unpleasant feelings, because in a good mood a person is generally less inclined to introspection. This explanation seems unsatisfactory to us.
The initial biological role of emotions is signaling, of the “pleasant - unpleasant”, “safe - dangerous” type. Apparently, the signaling “dangerous” and “unpleasant” is more significant for the animal; it is vitally important, more relevant, because it directs its behavior in critical situations.
It is clear that such information in the process of evolution should receive priority over information signaling “comfort”.
But what has developed historically can change historically. When a person masters the laws of social development, this may also change his emotional life, shifting the center of gravity towards positive, pleasant feelings.
Let's return to the list of feelings. If you carefully read all 70 names, you will notice that some of the listed feelings coincide in content and differ only in intensity. For example, surprise and amazement differ only in strength, that is, in degree of expression. The same is anger and rage, pleasure and bliss, etc. Therefore, some clarifications need to be made to the list.