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Folk pedagogy fairy tales tongue twisters epics rhymes carols legends signs ditties riddles round dance songs jokes lullabies proverbs
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Jan Amos Comenius In his work “The Great Didactics,” the foundations of the class-lesson system were first developed - he professed a free lesson, - determined the boundaries of the school year, - introduced quarters and intermediate tests, - determined the number of students in the class, - opened a differentiated approach. - was convinced that the class should have a same-age composition of students. The main thing is to clearly set a goal. Age periodization and education system: - up to 6 years - childhood - Education in the family. "Guide to raising a family." - from 6 to 12 years old - native language school. "The sensory world in pictures." A visual method should be used. - from 12 to 18 years old - youth - training in a Latin school, practical training of the child. "An open door to languages." - from 18 to 24 years old - adulthood - academies and universities.
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Pedagogy is the science of the laws and patterns of education. (I.P. Podlasy) the science of the purposeful process of transferring human experience and preparing the younger generation for life and activity. (N.V. Bordovskaya, A.A. Rean)
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Object of pedagogy - Subject of pedagogy - pedagogical process pedagogical fact (phenomenon) Categories of pedagogy
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Education Education is a specially organized, purposeful and controlled process of interaction between teachers and students. Teaching is the organization of students’ educational work, the formation of students’ motivation and experience of cognitive activity, the planned and systematic transfer of educational content. Teaching is the assimilation of knowledge, skills, abilities, the formation of a worldview, the development of mental strength and potential capabilities of students, and the consolidation of self-education skills.
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Education As a process As a system As a result Mastery of a system of knowledge, skills and abilities in educational institutions and as a result of self-education. The achieved level in the development of knowledge, abilities, skills, experience and relationships. A set of successive educational programs and state educational standards, a network of educational institutions and educational authorities implementing them.
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Education Education is a purposeful and organized process of personality formation. In a broad pedagogical meaning, it is the process of purposeful personality formation in the conditions of a specially organized educational system that ensures interaction between educators and students. In a narrow sense, it is a special educational activity aimed at the formation of certain qualities, properties and relationships of a person. The purpose of education is to help the individual in all-round development
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Lecture plan Pedagogy, its object and subject. Objectives of scientific pedagogy Main categories of pedagogy System of pedagogical sciences Stages of development of pedagogy 1 4 5 6 Functions of pedagogy 2 3 Pedagogy as the science of human education
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ANCIENT WORLD “The main goal among life should be moral self-improvement” The social function of education is “To make a perfect citizen who knows how to fairly obey or rule” Attached paramount importance to public education Pedagogy as the science of human education
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THE ANCIENT WORLD Marcus Quintilian (35 - 96 BC) Tertullian (160 - 222 BC) Augustine (354 - 430 BC) Democritus (460 - 370 BC) Aquinas (1225 - 1274 BC) .g.) Pedagogy as the science of human education
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RENAISSANCE “A child turns into a personality not so much thanks to the acquired knowledge as by developing the ability to make critical judgments” Declared the need to combine ancient and Christian traditions in the development of pedagogical ideals, put forward the principle of student activity Idealized humanistic education, the center of which is the spiritual and physical development of the individual Pedagogy as the science of human education
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Ya.A. Comenius (1592 – 1670) RENAISSANCE Called for enriching the child’s consciousness by introducing objects and phenomena of sensory perception of the world John Locke (1632 – 1704) Argued that human knowledge is a consequence of external sensory experience Pedagogy as the science of human education
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MIDDLE AGES The central point of Rousseau's pedagogical program is natural education. He proposed to rely on knowledge of human psychology when determining the foundations of education. The central thesis of Herbart's reasoning is the formation of a moral person. Pedagogy as the science of human education
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MIDDLE AGES A. Disterweg (1790 – 1886) Proposed to follow human nature in education and training, to take into account the individual characteristics of the child (the principle of conformity to nature) Pedagogy as the science of human education
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RUSSIAN PEDAGOGY “The most important goal of pedagogical reforms in Russia should be the development of honor, rights and citizenship among the people” Revealed the dialectical relationship between the political regime, material wealth and education Criticized the infringement of the right to education on class, religious and national grounds Pedagogy as the science of human education
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RUSSIAN PEDAGOGY K.D. Ushinsky (1824 – 1871) Founder of scientific pedagogy in Russia. The core of his pedagogical concept is the principle of nationality by V.G. Belinsky (1811 - 1848) Defined humanistic and democratic approaches to upbringing and education. He developed the idea of public education. Makarenko A.S. (1888 - 1939) The key point of his theory is the thesis of parallel action, i.e. organic unity of education and life of society V.A. Sukhomlinsky (1918 - 1970) Dealt with the theory and methodology of communist education of children Pedagogy as the science of human education
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is a science that studies the laws of upbringing, education and training. Vidyapina V.I. -e is education as a real holistic pedagogical process, purposefully organized in special social institutions (family, educational and cultural institutions). Slastenin V., Isaev I. Pedagogy Subject of pedagogy Pedagogy as the science of human education
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Pedagogy as its object has a system of pedagogical phenomena related to the development of the individual. Object of pedagogy Pedagogy as the science of human education
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Functions of pedagogy: Theoretical Technological Pedagogy as the science of human education
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Tasks of scientific pedagogy according to prof. V.V. Kumarin Pedagogy as the science of human education Education of a person 1 Identification of the composition and magnitude of natural talents and human needs 2 Creation of conditions and implementation of satisfaction of personal and social needs in education and training. 4 Identifying the composition and magnitude of social needs 3
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Objectives of general professional pedagogy as an educational process Pedagogy as the science of human education Trace the evolution of the most progressive views in the history of pedagogy and reach the modern level of understanding their meaning 1 Familiarize yourself with outstanding teachers of the past, their works, pedagogical views and theories that have stood the test of time 2 Teach future teacher to take an analytical approach to general reforms and particular changes in pedagogical science and practice 3
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The main categories of pedagogy are the process of formation of his personality under the influence of external and internal, controlled and uncontrollable social and natural factors. Development is a purposeful process of forming the intellect, physical and spiritual strength of the individual, preparing him for life, active participation in work. Education is the process and result of mastering a certain system of knowledge. and ensuring, on this basis, an appropriate level of personal development. Education is a purposeful process of bilateral activity between the teacher and students in the transfer and assimilation of knowledge; learning is teaching and learning taken as a unity
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The main categories of pedagogy are the acquisition by a person of new characteristics and forms in the process of development, approaching a certain state; result of development Formation, assimilation and reproduction by a person of cultural values and social norms of the society in which he lives Socialization the process of human development under the influence of external influences Formation Pedagogy as the science of human education In some cases, pedagogical categories can also include such fairly general concepts as self-education, self-development, pedagogical process, pedagogical communication (interaction), products of pedagogical activity, social formation, pedagogical technologies, educational innovations, etc.
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Categories of pedagogy As a process As a result Pedagogy as the science of human education Categories of pedagogy EDUCATION: as a process - mastering in institutions of preschool, general, vocational and additional education, as well as as a result of self-education of a system of knowledge, abilities, skills, experience of cognitive and practical activities, value orientations and relationships; as a result - the achieved level in the development of knowledge, skills, experience and relationships; as a system - a set of successive educational programs and state educational standards, a network of educational institutions and educational authorities implementing them.
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System of Pedagogical Sciences Pedagogy as the science of human education studies and forms the principles, forms and methods of teaching and upbringing; pedagogical science that studies the features of teaching and educational activities, taking into account the age characteristics of a person. studies the patterns of raising preschool children; explores the content, forms and methods of teaching and educating schoolchildren; studies the features of education and training depending on the nature of the social group or professions: this is family pedagogy, industrial, professional, etc. this is a science that studies the essence, patterns, trends in managing the process of development of the individuality and personality of a child with disabilities who needs specialized individual methods of education and training. studies and develops issues of training and education of students in vocational schools and secondary specialized educational institutions.
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System of Pedagogical Sciences Pedagogy as the science of human education 8. deals with the issues of re-education of offenders of all ages. 9. A relatively young branch of scientific and pedagogical knowledge. Its object is the state and main development trends in various countries of the modern world, which it analyzes in a comparative manner 10. It studies the features of the education of warriors. 11. develops issues of training and education of university students; 12. revealing the history of the development of the theory and practice of teaching and education in different historical eras, different countries and peoples.
PEDAGOGY AS A SCIENCE Questions 1. Essence, object, subject, main categories and tasks of pedagogy 2. The relationship of pedagogy with other sciences. The structure of modern pedagogical science
Literature: Rean, A. A. Pedagogy: Textbook. manual for university students: UMO stamp / - St. Petersburg. 2007. - 432 p. : ill. Podlasy I. P. Pedagogy. In 2 books. – M. 2002. – 576 p. Slastenin V. A. et al. Pedagogy: textbook for universities. – M.: Academy, 2008.
Object and subject of science The object of science is the side of reality that this science is aimed at studying. The subject of science is the side or sides by which the object of science is presented in it.
Object of pedagogy PEDAGOGICAL FACT (PHENOMENON) Phenomena of reality that determine the development of the human individual in the process of purposeful activity of society
Subject of pedagogy EDUCATION as an integral pedagogical process, purposefully organized in special institutions (educational and cultural institutions, family)
Pedagogy as a science Pedagogy as a science studies the essence, patterns, trends, prospects for the development of the pedagogical process (education) as a factor and means of human development throughout his life
Education is a joint activity between a teacher and a student, ensuring the assimilation of knowledge and mastery of methods for acquiring knowledge.
Education is a purposeful process of mastering sociocultural experience by a new generation in order to prepare it for social life and productive work.
Pedagogical (educational) system – Many interconnected structural components, united by a single educational goal of personal development and functioning in a holistic pedagogical process
The pedagogical process is a specially organized interaction between teachers and students regarding the content of education using teaching and upbringing tools in order to solve the problems of education, aimed at meeting the needs of society and the individual himself in his development and self-development
The tasks of pedagogy are to identify and study patterns in the field of education and training, management of educational and educational systems; study and dissemination of pedagogical experience; forecasting the further development of educational systems; development of new methods, means and forms of training and education; implementation of the results of pedagogical research into educational practice
Basic issues and problems of pedagogy The problem of the relationship between training and development The problem of the relationship between training and education The problem of the goals and content of education The problem of taking into account individual characteristics in the educational process Development and implementation of innovations in the educational process Psychological support for teachers
PEDAGOGYbranch
Sciences,
revealing
essence,
patterns of education, the role of educational
processes in personality development, developing
practical ways and means of increasing them
effectiveness.
the science of education, training and human development
at all age stages of his life
SUBJECT, OBJECT OF SCIENCE
An objectpedagogy - phenomena
realities that determine
human development. They are studied by a number of sciences
(philosophy, sociology, psychology,
economics, history, etc.)
The subject of pedagogy is education as
real process, purposeful
organized by society, defining
formation and development of personality.
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF PEDAGOGY
The purpose of pedagogy is the development and justificationsystems of education and human upbringing.
The task of pedagogy is the accumulation and
systematization of scientific knowledge about education and
human education.
The functions of pedagogy are the role and significance of pedagogical science
1.2.
3.
Theoretical
function
Learning from experience
Revealing
patterns
Prognostic
research
1.
2.
3.
Technological
function
Development
methodological
materials
Implementation
scientific results
into practice
Impact assessment
implementations
STRUCTURE OF PEDAGOGY
The division of pedagogy into branches is based on contentstudied:
general pedagogy;
history of pedagogy;
comparative pedagogy;
social pedagogy;
theory and methods of education,
learning theory (didactics);
theory of organization and management in the education system.
STRUCTURE OF PEDAGOGY
Determined by the characteristics of the educational objectage (age-related pedagogy; preschool pedagogy;
pedagogy
general education
schools;
pedagogy
vocational and secondary specialized education;
pedagogy of higher education, andragogy (pedagogy of adults),
geranthopedagogy (pedagogy of older people);
psychophysiological data
(special pedagogy
(defectology); correctional pedagogy);
profession of the trainees (engineering, military pedagogy);
content of what is being studied (sections of general pedagogy)
STRUCTURE OF PEDAGOGY
a separate branch of pedagogical knowledgeare private teaching methods
individual
educational
items
V
secondary and vocational schools.
Philosophy
sociology
anatomy, hygiene, physiology,
psychology,
ethnography...
RELATIONSHIP OF PEDAGOGY WITH OTHER SCIENCES
borrowingscientific
ideas
(For example,
philosophical laws);
use of data obtained from other sciences
(physiological data on students’ performance)
and so on.;
creating an integrated science that includes
only knowledge of pedagogy, but also of other sciences.
RELATIONSHIP OF PEDAGOGY WITH OTHER SCIENCES
Educational anthropologyPedology
Category is a scientific concept,
expressing the most essential
properties and relationships of a certain
phenomena of reality.
MAIN CATEGORIES OF PEDAGOGY
personality,individuality,
development,
formation,
formation,
accompaniment
education,
education,
upbringing,
socialization,
pedagogical process,
pedagogical system,
pedagogical interaction
educational activities,
pedagogical activity,
pedagogical situation,
pedagogical task
Education
Formation of ZUNThe process of interaction between teacher and student during
which personal development occurs,
formation of the latter's ZUN
The purposeful process of organizing educational activities of students
mastering knowledge, skills, abilities,
competencies, acquisition of operational experience,
development of abilities, acquisition of experience
application of scientific knowledge in everyday life,
formation of motivation among students to
lifelong learning
Upbringing
In the broad and narrow sense of the wordactivities aimed at development
individuals, creating conditions for
self-determination and socialization
student based
sociocultural, spiritual and moral
values and rules accepted in society
and norms of behavior in the interests of man,
family, society and state
Education
a single purposeful process of education andeducation that is socially significant
good and carried out in the interests of man,
family, society and state, as well as the totality
acquired knowledge, abilities, skills, values
attitudes, experience and competence
certain volume and complexity for the purposes
intellectual, spiritual and moral,
creative, physical and (or) professional
human development, satisfaction
educational needs and interests
Law on education in the Russian Federation. – M., 2012.
Human
object of targeted influencesociety, its institutions, especially
trained people (teachers) with
the purpose of social formation and
development
being initially active, is also
subject of one's own formation and
development
Personality
a person with stabilitya set of socially significant
qualities, that is, emerging and
developing in society and
necessary for life in it.
Belukhin D.A.
Personality structure
The core of personality is the motivational sphere
A personality is considered mature ifthere is a hierarchy in motives in one
in a certain sense, namely, if a person
able to overcome his own
immediate motives for the sake of something else,
that is, the subject is capable of indirect
behavior.
The leading motives of a person are socially
significant, that is, they are social in their own way
origin and meaning, they are given by society,
brought up in man.
Based on these motives, a person can consciously
manage one's own behavior Formation of a specific system
motives, values, orientations
individuals can be considered a goal
pedagogical activities.
Personal development occurs through the assimilation and appropriation of social experience
Assimilated means known, but stillnot really acting, that is, a motive
untrue.
The process needs to happen
experiences or living
situations, only then will there be experience
assigned by man.
Mechanisms of personality development
Spontaneous (shift of motive to goal,identification, assignment of social
roles)
Conscious
Individuality
a person with a uniquea set of qualities that make him
original, different from others
Teacher
Pedagogical activity
Student
Educational activities
Formation
Making something specificoutlines
Priority – external forces
Development
The process of natural changetransition from one state to another,
more perfect, transition from the old
quality condition to new, from
simple to complex, from lowest to
higher.
To develop means to strengthen, to give something
strengthen, strengthen
Becoming
This is the emergence, formation of something in the process of developmentGive yourself a standing position,
be on your feet, stand up
(V.I. Dal)
Pedagogical support
joint activity systemteacher and student, aimed at
preservation of the latter's selfhood and
aiming to support him in
processes “self” (O.S. Gazman)
Individual pedagogical assistance
it is a conscious attempt to help a personacquire the knowledge, attitudes and skills necessary
to satisfy their positive needs and
interests and satisfaction of similar
the needs of other people; in human awareness
your values, attitudes and skills; in development
self-awareness, self-determination, self-realization and
self-affirmation; in developing understanding and
sensitivity towards oneself and others, to
social problems; in the development of feelings
belonging to a family, group, society. (A.V.Mudrik)
Escort
activities aimed at creatingconditions conducive to successful
education, child development in
specific environment (M.R. Bityanova)
Pedagogical process
a set of lessons,extracurricular and extracurricular
educational work carried out
pedagogical and student
team according to a single plan
Pedagogical process
Pedagogical system
many interconnectedstructural and functional
components subordinate to goals
education, upbringing and training
younger generation and adults
of people
Educational situation
totality of educational circumstancesinteractions and relationships
teaching and learning, who
require a decision and
appropriate actions or
actions on the part of the participants
Pedagogical task
the result of the subject's awarenessactivity goals,
operating conditions and problems
activities (task problems)
(L.F. Spirin)
Result of education
The result of training and education isthe level of development achieved by each
personality, level of training and
good manners
Task: translate from Russian into Russian
Professional educationteacher cannot be considered
as a way of translation and assimilation
accumulated experience. It is
a necessary prerequisite
development of his personality,
individuality, formation
humanistic orientation,
becoming professional
positions.
Definition Pedagogy is the science of human education;
This is an applied science that directs its efforts
to promptly resolve issues arising in society
problems of upbringing, education and training;
This is the science of how to educate a person, how
help him become spiritually rich, creatively
active;
Studies patterns, principles, content,
methods, forms of education, upbringing and
training
Name from Greek words
"paidos" - child; "ago" - to lead
Literally - “paidagogos” - teacher;
Pedagogy as a science and as an art
Whenwe are talking about education - it has 2
aspect:
Theoretical aspect - is the subject
scientific and pedagogical research. This
a set of theoretical and methodological
ideas on education issues;
Practical
educational
activity - requires the teacher to master
educational skills;
varying degrees of perfection
Problems that pedagogy explores
Studyingessence
And
patterns
development
And
personality formation and their influence
for education;
Determining the goals of education;
Development of educational content;
Research and development of methods
education
Object of pedagogy
An object- this is the area of reality,
which this science studies;
The object of pedagogy is phenomena
realities that determine
development
human
individual
V
process of purposeful activity
society
The object of pedagogy is education -
purposeful learning process and
education in the interests of man, society,
states
Subject of pedagogy
Itemis a way of seeing an object from
positions of this science;
Subject
pedagogy
is
consciously
And
purposefully
organized pedagogical process
Tasks of pedagogy
Revealing patterns in the areas of education,education,
management
educational
And
educational systems;
Study and generalization of practice, experience of pedagogical
activities;
Development of new methods, means, forms, systems
training, education, management of educational
systems;
Forecasting education for the near and
distant future;
Control
functioning
pedagogical
system and management of its development;
Implementation of research results into practice;
Development of theoretical and methodological foundations
innovation processes
Functions of pedagogy
Scientific and theoretical– theoretical
analysis of pedagogical patterns
process;
Prognostic – prediction of development
pedagogical reality;
Structural and technical – development
methods and technologies;
Practical
(transformative,
applied)
–
improvement
teaching practice
The connection between pedagogy and other sciences
Philosophy,Ethics, aesthetics;
Story;
Literature;
Geography;
Anthropology;
Medicine;
Ecology;
Economy;
Archeology;
Mathematics;
Sociology, etc.;
Psychology;
Anatomy and physiology
System of educational sciences (1)
--
General pedagogy:
General fundamentals of pedagogy;
Learning theory (didactics);
Education theory;
Management of educational processes;
Age-related pedagogy:
Pre-school (nursery) pedagogy;
Preschool pedagogy;
School pedagogy;
Higher education pedagogy;
Adult Pedagogy;
Androgogy (pedagogy for older people)
System of educational sciences (2)
Social pedagogy (family pedagogy,re-education of offenders);
Special pedagogy:
- Deaf pedagogy (hard of hearing, deaf);
- Typhlopedagogy (blind);
- Oligophrenopedagogy (mentally retarded);
- Speech therapy (speech impairment)
Comparative Pedagogy;
Ethnopedagogy;
History of pedagogy;
Professional pedagogy (military, engineering,
medical, etc.)
Curative pedagogy;
Corrective labor pedagogy;
Particular and subject methods