1902-1958
Start …
Ivan was born on December 22, 1901/January 4, 1902 in the city of Shusha, Elizavetpol province.
Father - Tevadros Tevosyan (1848-1940), artisan tailor.
Mother - Anna (1878-1926).
The family had four children.
1905 – 1920 Baku years of life...
In 1905, during the unrest, the family fled from Shushi and settled in Baku.
They lived very poorly and so hungry that Ivan and his sister Yulia walked around the barracks with kettles in their hands, and the Russian soldiers shared part of their lunch with them.
A few years later, my father found customers and the opportunity arose to start a modest household. The father's earnings were not enough, and the mother worked as a seamstress, saving money to send Yulia to the gymnasium.
Ivan himself began studying at an Orthodox parochial school at the age of 8. Studying brought him joy - he was very efficient, unusually neat and clean. Textbooks and notebooks covered in his calligraphic handwriting were always in exemplary order.
After finishing school, Ivan entered a three-year Trade School and immediately began looking for work. After classes, he stayed in the teachers' lounge and copied papers, for which he was exempted from paying tuition.
From January 1915, Ivan began to earn extra money by giving private lessons in Russian language and mathematics, rehearsing elementary school students.
After graduating from the Trade School in July 1917, Ivan found work at the Volzhsko-Botinsky Oil Company, where he worked as a clerk, accountant, and assistant accountant. At the same time, he studied as an external student at the gymnasium in the evenings.
One day in 1917, Sister Yulia told Ivan that she and her friend Levon Mirzoyan were members of the Bolshevik Party. At Ivan's request, they introduced him to Marxist literature and took him with them to a meeting where he heard the speech of the leaders of the Baku Bolsheviks.
Levon Mirzoyan and one of his comrades were Ivan’s guarantors when he joined the RCP (b) in July 1918.
From the end of 1918 to April 28, 1920, Ivan, while continuing to serve in the Volga-Botinsky Oil Society, began working in the Baku underground.
Until March 1919 he was an ordinary party member. In March he became a member of the underground city RCP(b). Then he was elected a member of the presidium, and from August 1919 - secretary of one of the underground Baku district committees of the party.
He was arrested and spent several months in prison, but was released due to lack of proof of guilt. While in hiding, Ivan carried out professional work in the section of office workers, was a member of the central board of the union of oil and metallurgical industry workers and a member of the Botinsky Council of Trade Unions.
In April 1920, Ivan, as a member of the city district troika for organizing the uprising, took an active part in the preparation and establishment of Bolshevik power in Baku.
After the establishment of Soviet power in Baku on April 28, 1920, Tevosyan was appointed executive secretary of the City District Committee of the RCP (b), a member of the Central Board of the Union of Oil and Metallurgical Workers of Baku and a member of the Botin Council of Trade Unions, and took an active part in the formation of new authorities in the republic , organization of production, healthcare, education, social security.
1921 – 1941 Study and work before the Second World War...
In March 1921, Ivan Tevosyan was delegated to Moscow for the X Party Congress.
On the 3rd day of the congress, in a group of delegates led by K. Voroshilov, he sets off to suppress the Kronstadt uprising.
Then, following the direction of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), I. Tevosyan entered the metallurgical faculty of the Moscow Mining Academy. During his studies, he was elected secretary of the academy's party bureau.
In 1921, Ivan worked as a local organizer and then as deputy head of the propaganda and agitation department of the Zamoskvoretsky district committee of the RCP(b) of Moscow. Here he meets his future wife, Olga Aleksandrovna Khvalebnova. Soon they got married.
While studying at the academy, Tevosyan worked at the Taganrog Metallurgical Plant - as a worker in the open-hearth shop, as a roller's assistant in the pipe-rolling shop; at the Stalin Metallurgical Plant (Donbass) - assistant shift engineer in the open-hearth shop; At the Dzerzhinsky plant he was engaged in research work in the open-hearth shop.
From June 1927 to September 1929 he worked at the Elektrostal plant in the village of Zatishye, Moscow province (now Elektrostal): as a worker in the foundry ditch, as an assistant foreman of the electric steel foundry, and as a shop foreman. At the same time, he completed a diploma project in two specialties - open-hearth and electric steel production.
In 1929, Ivan Tevosyan defended his graduation project before the state qualification commission chaired by Academician Pavlov with a commendable review.
In September 1929, on the recommendation of S. Ordzhonikidze and by decision of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, among 200 young metallurgical engineers I.T. Tevosyan was sent to Germany for advanced training. There he went through a good school: he worked at the Krupp factories as a worker in a foundry ditch pouring steel, as an assistant foreman in an electric steel foundry, and studied in detail the technology of smelting and casting high-quality and high-quality steels. Then he completed an internship at enterprises in Czechoslovakia and Italy. During his stay in Germany, I. T. Tevosyan wrote a study on continuous casting of steel.
Before leaving for the Soviet Union, Krupp invited I. Tevosyan to stay and work at his factory. The offer was obviously flattering, but Tevosyan refused it.
Upon returning to Moscow in November 1930, he was appointed head of the electric steel-smelting shops, and then chief engineer of the Elektrostal plant.
In 1930, at the 16th Party Congress, I.T. Tevosyan was elected a member of the Central Control Commission-RKI and approved as head of the ferrous metallurgy department. However, with the permission of S. Ordzhonikidze, he refused this appointment and remained at the Elektrostal plant.
In April - August 1931, Tevosyan was sent to Germany with the aim of attracting major foreign specialists in high-quality steels to work in the USSR.
From August 1931 to December 1936 I.T. Tevosyan worked as the manager of the newly created association of high-quality steel and ferroalloy plants "Spetsstal". The Spetsstal association quickly established the operation of its factories.
Along with the organization of production, work was carried out on the reconstruction and construction of new workshops. The production of alloy and high-alloy steels was continuously increasing, the range was expanding, the quality was improving and the cost of the industry's products was decreasing. The successes of the merger made it possible to sharply reduce and then completely stop the import of special steels.
Under Tevosyan’s leadership, ferroalloy production was created, and the production of metal with special properties for the aircraft industry, shipbuilding and other industries was launched.
In 1934, in his speech at the 17th Party Congress, S. Ordzhonikidze highly praised the work of the Spetsstal association and its leader.
In December 1936, Tevosyan was appointed head of the main department for the production of armor for sea vessels, tanks and other weapons, and a few months later - head of the shipbuilding main department of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry.
At the beginning of 1937, during a business trip to Italy, he visited the shipyard where the Tashkent leader was being built for the USSR. He reviewed technical reports and obliged designers and factories to take everything useful from Italian experience.
In August 1937, the People's Commissariat of Defense Industry was created and Tevosyan went to work in the new People's Commissariat - he was appointed head of the 7th Main Directorate, from June 1937 - deputy, and from October 1937 - first deputy people's commissar of defense industry.
A note
I.V. Stalin
In 1937, on the way to Moscow, I.T.’s sister was arrested on a train. Tevosyana Yulia
with her husband, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Kazakhstan Levon Mirzoyan.
After the arrest of his sister and Levon Mirzoyan, Tevosyan himself was subjected to “operational development.” He wrote a letter to Stalin. Having received the letter, Stalin gave instructions to Molotov
figure it all out. Tevosyan was summoned to Lubyanka, where he was interrogated by a commission
Politburo consisting of Molotov, Mikoyan, Yezhov, Beria.
A few days later, at a meeting, Stalin wrote a note on a piece of paper
and handed it over to Tevosyan. (photo on the right)
After the war, the USSR Prosecutor General Rudenko told Ivan Fedorovich:
“They were interested in your sister and wanted to bring her to Moscow, but she was
in such a physical condition that it was impossible to do this.
Levon Mirzoyan was shot, but Yulia was not even tried. During interrogation, she could not stand the torture and went crazy. She was sent to a mental hospital, where she died."
At the end of 1938, a decision was made to negotiate with the leading American shipbuilding company Gibs and Cox to provide the USSR with technical assistance in ship design. For this purpose, the government appointed a commission headed by Tevosyan.
In January 1939, Tevosyan was appointed People's Commissar of the newly created People's Commissariat of the Shipbuilding Industry.
He is doing a lot of work on creating a board of the People's Commissariat, selecting and appointing the heads of the main departments and staffing the apparatus of the People's Commissariat. He managed to attract the largest scientists and shipbuilding specialists to the work of the scientific center of the shipbuilding industry - academicians Krylov, Shimansky, Pozdyunin, professors Popkovich, Balkashin, Panpel.
In March 1939, Tevosyan participated in the XVIII Party Congress.
Although he was not elected as a delegate (he had not yet been cleared of suspicion of “hostile activity”), he gave a speech at the congress and was elected a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.
K.E. Voroshilov, in his speech at the congress, highly appreciated the work of the shipbuilding industry as a whole and its head, People's Commissar I.T. Tevosyan.
According to the People's Commissar, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated March 29, 1939, 726 shipbuilders were awarded orders and medals for the first time in the history of the industry for the successful completion of the government's assignment for the construction of ships and the development of new types of weapons for the Navy.
In 1939, I.T. Tevosyan went to Germany at the head of the commission for the implementation of the Soviet-German trade agreement, which included aircraft designer A.S. Yakovlev, A.M. Vasilevsky, D.F. Ustinov and others. The delegation was divided into sections and worked in different regions of Germany.
By decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 17, 1940, I. T. Tevosyan was appointed People's Commissar of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR.
During this period, ferrous metallurgy plants experienced difficult times and hampered the development of all sectors of the national economy. Tevosyan described the situation in the People's Commissariat of Ferrous Metallurgy as “organizational chaos,” as “an office of 2,000 people busy with writing instead of organizing production management.”
Tevosyan eliminated the positions of deputy chiefs of production departments, who, “being professional apparatchiks,” had little understanding of technology, equipment and organization of metallurgical production, and raised the role of chief engineers of the department.
He created production and technical departments in the People's Commissariat, whose task was to improve the development of metallurgical production technology, study foreign experience, and introduce new products. The second issue of the departments was the construction of new factories, the development of new steels that were imported.
On October 2, 1940, the famous order of the People's Commissar appeared, which contained a detailed analysis of the reasons for the poor performance of factories, and gave specific instructions on operational planning and organization of production, and on monitoring the technological process.
In the first half of 1940, the People's Commissariat enterprises fulfilled the plan by 94.5%; in the second half of the year, iron and steel smelting and rolled steel production increased compared to the first half of the year. Ferrous metallurgy regained its lost positions, maintaining them in the first half of 1941.
1941 – 1945 WWII: work in the rear - everything for the front!
When it became known about the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, I.T.Tevosyan was at the dacha.
Early in the morning he received a call from First Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars N.A. Voznesensky announced the beginning of the war and asked to urgently come to the Kremlin.
The first meeting of people's commissars took place in the Kremlin to discuss the tasks of industry during the war. Then Tevosyan went to the People's Commissariat, where deputy people's commissars and chiefs of central departments gathered. The People's Commissar made a brief message containing clear and specific instructions.
I.T. Tevosyan restructured the People's Commissariat in accordance with wartime needs and organized the development of a plan for the evacuation of enterprises.
During the Second World War, Tevosyan did a lot of work to evacuate industry to the east of the country, expand the production base here and provide defense enterprises with high-quality metal. During the 4 years of the war, 10 blast furnaces, 29 open-hearth furnaces, 16 electric arc furnaces, and 15 rolling mills were built in the Urals and Siberia. In 1943, the Soviet metallurgical industry produced more steel than Germany.
Awards
1944
September 30, 1943 I.T. Tevosyan was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. The decree awarding him this high rank stated: “For your exceptional services to the state in the field of organizing the production of high-quality and high-quality metal for all types of weapons, tanks, aircraft and ammunition in difficult wartime conditions.”
1945 – 1958 Restoration of the country's industry and years of peaceful life...
The war ended and People's Commissar Tevosyan, with all his characteristic energy and initiative, took up the issues of restoring the war-damaged ferrous metallurgy enterprises in the southern regions of the country.
In 1946, the People's Commissariat of Ferrous Metallurgy was transformed into the Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR and I. T. Tevosyan was appointed minister. In 1948, the industry reached pre-war levels of steel smelting and rolled metal production, and in 1949, iron smelting.
From July 29, 1948 to June 13, 1949, Tevosyan headed the USSR Ministry of Metallurgical Industry, formed as a result of the merger of the ministries of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy.
On June 13, 1949, Tevosyan was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and headed a gigantic complex - ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, coal and oil industries, geology, shipbuilding.
“Until 1949, dad’s name was Ivan Tevadrosovich, but before his appointment to the post of Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR I.V. Stalin (Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR) asked him:
“What would your middle name be in Russian?”
“Fedorovich, Comrade Stalin,” Tevosyan quickly answered.
...From the next day, this new name appeared in all documents of the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers instead of the old one.” (from the story of his son, Vladimir Ivanovich Tevosyan.)
At the same time, from December 28, 1950 to March 15, 1953, Tevosyan acted as minister of the newly formed Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR.
On March 15, 1953, Tevosyan was appointed Minister of the Metallurgical Industry with the release of the Deputy Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers, and from December 7, 1953 to December 28, 1956 - he again served as Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and headed the ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, oil and gas industries and geology, construction of metallurgical, chemical, oil and gas enterprises, vocational education.
In his speech at the 20th Party Congress in 1956, I.F. Tevosyan paid great attention to issues of cooperation and studying the experience of American industry. At the same time, he opposed the territorial principle of managing the national economy proposed by N.S. Khrushchev. The response was the pogromous statements of N.S. Khrushchev and a number of his closest associates against the outstanding leader of industry.
Having fallen out of favor with the country's leadership, I.F. Tevosyan was relieved of his duties as deputy chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers and appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR to Japan.
“In December 1956, my father was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Japan. By the end of his life, he had to create the first post-war USSR Embassy in Japan. In Japan, he came into wide contact with industrial circles and visited factories. Then, at some enterprises one could see his portraits. I liked him. In September, my father became seriously ill and flew to Moscow for treatment. But the disease turned out to be fatal. On March 30, 1958, my father died in Tokyo.” (From the story of V.I. Tevosyan’s son).
After the death of Tevosyan I.F. was cremated, the urn with his ashes was buried in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow.
AWARDS:
March 23, 1935 - Order of Lenin; 09.30.1943 - Gold medal “Hammer and Sickle”, Order of Lenin; 03.01.1952 - Order of Lenin; Two Orders of Lenin; Three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor; Medals.
FAMILY:
- N.K. Baibakov: “...as an industry organizer he can only be compared with Sergo Ordzhonikidze.”
- Marshal AM. Vasilevsky: “I had the opportunity more than once to appreciate Tevosyan’s high business and human qualities, his industriousness that infected everyone, his ability to work with people, his organizational abilities.”
- Isaac Naumovich Kramov(1919-1979) Author of several books and numerous articles devoted to the works of A. Platonov and A. Malyshkin, E. Kapiev and L. Reisner, problems of storytelling and the creative searches of young people, permanent author of the critical department of the "New World" of the time of Tvardovsky:
“ We then lived as neighbors in the Government House near the cinema “Udarnik”. Koltsov lived below me, Mezhlauk lived behind the wall, Tevosyan was on the floor above me. (In 1937, I.N. Kramov was arrested, convicted, and only in 1957 returned to Moscow. Ed.) In 1957, I returned to Moscow. He was exonerated of all crimes. And on the same day Tevosyan called me. He was the only one who remained free and survived of all the commanders under Ordzhonikidze. There were 72 departments in the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry. Yes, life is a romance. Tevosyan was afraid that he would be arrested, and he confided his fears to me one Moscow night. And he asked me to help his family if anything happened to him. And I convinced him: why should you, an honest man, be afraid? And now twenty years have passed. We sat on a Moscow summer night, just like that time. And Tevosyan listened to me, asked me about everything - then everything was still new, we, the camp inmates, opened people’s eyes to what few people knew. Tevosyan sat gloomy, also aged, and did not let me go until dawn. Then he took me to the apartment where I was staying. A day later I received a personal pension of union significance. He was reinstated in the party without a break in his seniority - from the seventeenth year. Tevosyan did everything.”
MEMORY:
Tevosyan I.T. monuments erected:
- at home - in Shusha;
- in the regional museum of the city of Samara (works by the famous sculptor Sara Lebedeva);
- in the mountains Elektrostal.
“In the winter of 1972, on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the birth of I.F. Tevosyan, on the square near the cinema under construction, a meeting of workers of the Elektrostal plant was held, dedicated to the laying of a monument to the chief engineer of the plant, and in May 1975 the monument was opened (sculptor L.I. Nikolaev, architect V.S. Ass).”
In the name of Tevosyan I.F. named:
- Streets in the cities: Yerevan, Stepanakert, Dnepropetrovsk, Magnitogorsk, Kamensk-Uralsk and Elektrostal.
“ By Decision No. 12 of January 12, 1972 of the Executive Committee of the City Council of Workers' Deputies, in connection with the 70th anniversary of his birth and taking into account the great contribution of I.F. Tevosyan in the development of the Elektrostal plant, Shkolnaya Street was renamed Tevosyan Street. “
- Plant "Electrostal" (city of Elektrostal, Moscow region);
- A large ocean ship - a large oil ore carrier "Ivan Tevosyan".
Memorial plaques:
- mountains Elektrostal, Noginsky district, Moscow region, St. Gorky, entrance of the Elektrostal plant.
“Tevosyan Ivan Fedorovich. A prominent state and party figure, an outstanding organizer of heavy industry. From 1927 to 1931 he worked at the Elektrostal plant
“For merits in the cause of socialist competition, the team of the Order of Lenin of the Elektrostal plant named after. I.F. Tevosyan - the winner in the socialist competition in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution was awarded the memorial banner of the CPSU Central Committee, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions. The banner was left for eternal storage as a symbol of the labor valor of the team. Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions No. 964 of October 21, 1967."
LITERATURE:
- Bogolyubov S.A. “I.F. Tevosyan in the memoirs of veterans of the shipbuilding industry” / Comp. Afanasyev S.I. St. Petersburg, 1991
- “Memories of I.F. Tevosyan”, M., 1991
- Zalessky K.A. “Stalin's Empire. Biographical encyclopedic dictionary.”, M., 2000
MOVIE:
- Documentary. “People's Commissar of Steel”, 1984, t/f studio “Yerevan”, 37 min. (1020m), color. Auto scene A. Gasparyan, director V. Zakharyan, opera. E. Vardanyan [About a major figure in Soviet industry I.F. Tevosians].
Notes:
Information - materials from open sources on the Internet. Are you using the information in this publication? Be sure to provide a link to the “Our Baku” website!Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin
Shusha,
Elizavetpol Governorate, Russian Empire
Moscow, RSFSR, USSR
Ivan Fedorovich (Hovhannes Tevadrosovich) Tevosyan(January 4, 1902 (December 22, 1901 according to the old style), Shusha, Elizavetpol province - March 30, 1958, Moscow) - Soviet statesman and party leader, Hero of Socialist Labor ().
He graduated from an Orthodox parochial school and a three-year trade school in Baku. After graduation, he worked at the Volga-Baku Oil Company as a clerk, accountant, and assistant accountant. At the same time, he studied as an external student at the gymnasium in the evenings.
According to his son: “Professor Myasnikov, one of the largest Soviet doctors of that time, who treated the country’s leaders, said that his father could have lived at least another twenty years if Khrushchev had not sent him to Japan.”
Memory
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Notes
Literature
- Arzumanyan A. M. The secret of damask steel. - Yerevan: Hayastan, 1967. - 256 p. - 150,000 copies.(in translation) (reprint - Yerevan: Sovetakan Grokh, 1976; M.: Soviet Writer, 1984).
- Arzumanyan A. M. Ivan Tevosyan. - M.: Politizdat, 1983. - 80 p. - (Heroes of the Soviet Motherland). - 200,000 copies.(region)
Links
Website "Heroes of the Country".
Excerpt characterizing Tevosyan, Ivan Fedorovich
“Non, princesse, je suis perdue pour toujours dans votre coeur, [No, princess, I have forever lost your favor,” said m lle Bourienne.– Pourquoi? “Je vous aime plus, que jamais,” said Princess Marya, “et je tacherai de faire tout ce qui est en mon pouvoir pour votre bonheur.” [Why? I love you more than ever, and I will try to do everything in my power for your happiness.]
– Mais vous me meprisez, vous si pure, vous ne comprendrez jamais cet egarement de la passion. Ah, ce n "est que ma pauvre mere... [But you are so pure, you despise me; you will never understand this passion of passion. Ah, my poor mother...]
“Je comprends tout, [I understand everything,”] answered Princess Marya, smiling sadly. - Calm down, my friend. “I’ll go to my father,” she said and left.
Prince Vasily, bending his leg high, with a snuffbox in his hands and as if extremely emotional, as if he himself was regretting and laughing at his sensitivity, sat with a smile of tenderness on his face when Princess Marya entered. He hurriedly brought a pinch of tobacco to his nose.
“Ah, ma bonne, ma bonne, [Ah, darling, darling.],” he said, standing up and taking her by both hands. He sighed and added: “Le sort de mon fils est en vos mains.” Decidez, ma bonne, ma chere, ma douee Marieie qui j"ai toujours aimee, comme ma fille. [The fate of my son is in your hands. Decide, my dear, my dear, my meek Marie, whom I have always loved like a daughter. ]
He went out. A real tear appeared in his eyes.
“Fr... fr...” Prince Nikolai Andreich snorted.
- The prince, on behalf of his pupil... son, makes a proposition to you. Do you want or not to be the wife of Prince Anatoly Kuragin? You say yes or no! - he shouted, - and then I reserve the right to say my opinion. Yes, my opinion and only my opinion,” added Prince Nikolai Andreich, turning to Prince Vasily and responding to his pleading expression. - Yes or no?
– My desire, mon pere, is never to leave you, never to separate my life from yours. “I don’t want to get married,” she said decisively, looking with her beautiful eyes at Prince Vasily and her father.
- Nonsense, nonsense! Nonsense, nonsense, nonsense! - Prince Nikolai Andreich shouted, frowning, took his daughter by the hand, bent her to him and did not kiss her, but only bending his forehead to her forehead, he touched her and squeezed the hand he was holding so much that she winced and screamed.
Prince Vasily stood up.
– Ma chere, je vous dirai, que c"est un moment que je n"oublrai jamais, jamais; mais, ma bonne, est ce que vous ne nous donnerez pas un peu d"esperance de toucher ce coeur si bon, si genereux. Dites, que peut etre... L"avenir est si grand. Dites: peut etre. [My dear, I will tell you that I will never forget this moment, but, my dearest, give us at least a small hope of being able to touch this heart, so kind and generous. Say: maybe... The future is so great. Say: maybe.]
- Prince, what I said is everything that is in my heart. I thank you for the honor, but I will never be your son's wife.
- Well, it’s over, my dear. Very glad to see you, very glad to see you. Come to yourself, princess, come,” said the old prince. “I’m very, very glad to see you,” he repeated, hugging Prince Vasily.
“My calling is different,” Princess Marya thought to herself, my calling is to be happy with another happiness, the happiness of love and self-sacrifice. And no matter what it costs me, I will make poor Ame happy. She loves him so passionately. She repents so passionately. I will do everything to arrange her marriage with him. If he is not rich, I will give her money, I will ask my father, I will ask Andrey. I will be so happy when she becomes his wife. She is so unhappy, a stranger, lonely, without help! And my God, how passionately she loves, if she could forget herself like that. Maybe I would have done the same!...” thought Princess Marya.
For a long time the Rostovs had no news of Nikolushka; Only in the middle of winter was a letter given to the count, at the address of which he recognized his son’s hand. Having received the letter, the count, frightened and hasty, trying not to be noticed, ran on tiptoe into his office, locked himself and began to read. Anna Mikhailovna, having learned (as she knew everything that was happening in the house) about the receipt of the letter, quietly walked into the count’s room and found him with the letter in his hands, sobbing and laughing together. Anna Mikhailovna, despite the improvement in her affairs, continued to live with the Rostovs.
- Mon bon ami? – Anna Mikhailovna said inquiringly, sadly and with a readiness for any kind of participation.
The Count began to cry even more. “Nikolushka... letter... wounded... would... be... ma сhere... wounded... my darling... countess... promoted to officer... thank God... How to tell the countess?...”
Anna Mikhailovna sat down next to him, wiped away the tears from his eyes, from the letter they had dripped, and her own tears with her handkerchief, read the letter, reassured the count and decided that before lunch and tea she would prepare the countess, and after tea she would announce everything, if God will help her.
Throughout dinner, Anna Mikhailovna talked about rumors of war, about Nikolushka; I asked twice when the last letter from him was received, although I knew this before, and noticed that it would be very easy, perhaps, to receive a letter today. Every time at these hints the countess began to worry and look anxiously, first at the count, then at Anna Mikhailovna, Anna Mikhailovna most imperceptibly reduced the conversation to insignificant subjects. Natasha, of the whole family, most gifted with the ability to sense shades of intonation, glances and facial expressions, from the beginning of dinner her ears pricked up and knew that there was something between her father and Anna Mikhailovna and something concerning her brother, and that Anna Mikhailovna was preparing. Despite all her courage (Natasha knew how sensitive her mother was to everything related to the news about Nikolushka), she did not dare to ask questions at dinner and, out of anxiety, ate nothing at dinner and spun around in her chair, not listening to her governess’s comments. After lunch, she rushed headlong to catch up with Anna Mikhailovna and in the sofa room, with a running start, threw herself on her neck.
- Auntie, my dear, tell me, what is it?
- Nothing, my friend.
- No, darling, darling, honey, peach, I won’t leave you behind, I know you know.
Anna Mikhailovna shook her head.
“Voua etes une fine mouche, mon enfant, [You are a delight, my child.],” she said.
- Is there a letter from Nikolenka? Maybe! – Natasha screamed, reading the affirmative answer in Anna Mikhailovna’s face.
- But for God's sake, be careful: you know how this can affect your maman.
- I will, I will, but tell me. Won't you tell me? Well, I’ll go and tell you now.
Anna Mikhailovna told Natasha in short words the contents of the letter with the condition not to tell anyone.
“Honest, noble word,” Natasha said, crossing herself, “I won’t tell anyone,” and immediately ran to Sonya.
“Nikolenka... wounded... letter...” she said solemnly and joyfully.
- Nicolas! – Sonya just said, instantly turning pale.
Natasha, seeing the impression made on Sonya by the news of her brother’s wound, felt for the first time the whole sad side of this news.
She rushed to Sonya, hugged her and cried. – A little wounded, but promoted to officer; “He’s healthy now, he writes himself,” she said through tears.
“It’s clear that all of you women are crybabies,” said Petya, walking around the room with decisive big steps. “I am so very glad and, truly, very glad that my brother distinguished himself so much.” You are all nurses! you don't understand anything. – Natasha smiled through her tears.
-Have you not read the letter? – Sonya asked.
“I didn’t read it, but she said that everything was over, and that he was already an officer...
“Thank God,” said Sonya, crossing herself. “But maybe she deceived you.” Let's go to maman.
Petya walked silently around the room.
“If I were Nikolushka, I would kill even more of these French,” he said, “they are so vile!” I would beat them so much that they would make a bunch of them,” Petya continued.
- Shut up, Petya, what a fool you are!...
“I’m not a fool, but those who cry over trifles are fools,” said Petya.
– Do you remember him? – after a minute of silence Natasha suddenly asked. Sonya smiled: “Do I remember Nicolas?”
“No, Sonya, do you remember him so well that you remember him well, that you remember everything,” Natasha said with a diligent gesture, apparently wanting to attach the most serious meaning to her words. “And I remember Nikolenka, I remember,” she said. - I don’t remember Boris. I don't remember at all...
- How? Don't remember Boris? – Sonya asked in surprise.
“It’s not that I don’t remember, I know what he’s like, but I don’t remember it as well as Nikolenka.” Him, I close my eyes and remember, but Boris is not there (she closed her eyes), so, no - nothing!
“Ah, Natasha,” said Sonya, looking enthusiastically and seriously at her friend, as if she considered her unworthy to hear what she had to say, and as if she were saying this to someone else with whom one should not joke. “I once fell in love with your brother, and no matter what happens to him, to me, I will never stop loving him throughout my life.”
Natasha looked at Sonya in surprise and with curious eyes and was silent. She felt that what Sonya said was true, that there was such love as Sonya spoke about; but Natasha had never experienced anything like this. She believed it could be, but she didn't understand.
-Will you write to him? – she asked.
Sonya thought about it. The question of how to write to Nicolas and whether to write and how to write was a question that tormented her. Now that he was already an officer and a wounded hero, was it good of her to remind him of herself and, as it were, of the obligation that he had assumed in relation to her.
- Don't know; I think if he writes, I’ll write too,” she said, blushing.
“And you won’t be ashamed to write to him?”
Sonya smiled.
- No.
“And I’ll be ashamed to write to Boris, I won’t write.”
- Why are you ashamed? Yes, I don’t know. Embarrassing, embarrassing.
“And I know why she will be ashamed,” said Petya, offended by Natasha’s first remark, “because she was in love with this fat man with glasses (that’s how Petya called his namesake, the new Count Bezukhy); Now she’s in love with this singer (Petya was talking about the Italian, Natasha’s singing teacher): so she’s ashamed.
“Petya, you’re stupid,” Natasha said.
“No more stupid than you, mother,” said nine-year-old Petya, as if he were an old foreman.
The Countess was prepared by hints from Anna Mikhailovna during dinner. Having gone to her room, she, sitting on an armchair, did not take her eyes off the miniature portrait of her son embedded in the snuffbox, and tears welled up in her eyes. Anna Mikhailovna, with the letter, tiptoed up to the countess's room and stopped.
“Don’t come in,” she said to the old count who was following her, “later,” and closed the door behind her.
The Count put his ear to the lock and began to listen.
At first he heard the sounds of indifferent speeches, then one sound of Anna Mikhailovna's voice, making a long speech, then a cry, then silence, then again both voices spoke together with joyful intonations, and then steps, and Anna Mikhailovna opened the door for him. On Anna Mikhailovna’s face was the proud expression of an operator who had completed a difficult amputation and was introducing the audience so that they could appreciate his art.
“C”est fait! [The job is done!],” she said to the count, pointing with a solemn gesture at the countess, who was holding a snuffbox with a portrait in one hand, a letter in the other, and pressed her lips to one or the other.
Seeing the count, she stretched out her arms to him, hugged his bald head and through the bald head again looked at the letter and portrait and again, in order to press them to her lips, she slightly pushed the bald head away. Vera, Natasha, Sonya and Petya entered the room and the reading began. The letter briefly described the campaign and two battles in which Nikolushka participated, promotion to officer, and said that he kisses the hands of maman and papa, asking for their blessing, and kisses Vera, Natasha, Petya. In addition, he bows to Mr. Sheling, and Mr. Shos and the nanny, and, in addition, asks to kiss dear Sonya, whom he still loves and about whom he still remembers. Hearing this, Sonya blushed so that tears came to her eyes. And, unable to withstand the glances directed at her, she ran into the hall, ran up, spun around and, inflating her dress with a balloon, flushed and smiling, sat down on the floor. The Countess was crying.
-What are you crying about, maman? - Vera said. “We should rejoice at everything he writes, not cry.”
This was completely fair, but the count, the countess, and Natasha all looked at her reproachfully. “And who did she look like!” thought the Countess.
Nikolushka's letter was read hundreds of times, and those who were considered worthy of listening to it had to come to the countess, who would not let him out of her hands. Tutors, nannies, Mitenka, and some acquaintances came, and the countess re-read the letter every time with new pleasure and each time, from this letter, she discovered new virtues in her Nikolushka. How strange, extraordinary, and joyful it was for her that her son was the son who had barely noticeably moved with tiny limbs inside her 20 years ago, the son for whom she had quarreled with the pampered count, the son who had learned to say before: “ pear,” and then “woman,” that this son is now there, in a foreign land, in a foreign environment, a courageous warrior, alone, without help or guidance, doing some kind of manly work there. All the world's centuries-old experience, indicating that children imperceptibly from the cradle become husbands, did not exist for the countess. The maturation of her son in every season of manhood was as extraordinary for her as if there had never been millions of millions of people who matured in exactly the same way. Just as she couldn’t believe 20 years ago that that little creature that lived somewhere under her heart would scream and begin to suck her breast and start talking, so now she couldn’t believe that this same creature could be that strong, a brave man, an example of the sons and men he was now, judging by this letter.
Tevosyan Ivan Fedorovich- (Tevadrosovich) (1901/1902 1958), political and statesman, Hero of Socialist Labor (1943). In 1939 40 People's Commissar of the shipbuilding industry, in 1940 48 and 1950 53 People's Commissar, Minister of Ferrous Metallurgy, in 1948 49 and in 1953 Minister... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Tevosyan Ivan Fedorovich- ... Wikipedia
Tevosyan Ivan Fedorovich (Tevadrosovich)- (19021958), statesman, Hero of Socialist Labor (1943). Participant in the suppression of the Kronstadt uprising (1921). Since 1939, People's Commissar of Defense Industry, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and at the same time in 195053 Minister... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
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TEVOSYAN- Ivan Fedorovich (Tevadrosovich) (1902 58), statesman, Hero of Socialist Labor (1943). Participant in the suppression of the Kronstadt uprising (1921). Since 1939, People's Commissar of Defense Industry, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and at the same time in ... Russian history
Tevosyan (surname)- Tevosyan (Armenian: Թեվոսյան) is an Armenian surname. Famous bearers: Tevosyan, Ivan Fedorovich (1902 1958) Soviet statesman and party leader. Tevosyan, Spartak Apetnakovich (b. 1949) political and statesman of the NKR ... Wikipedia
Ivan Tevosyan- Ivan Fedorovich Tevosyan, Soviet statesman Date of birth: January 4, 1902 Place of birth ... Wikipedia
Add information about the person
| Tevosyan Ivan Tevadrosovich | |
| Other names: | Tevosyan Ivan Fedorovich, Tevosyan Grigor |
| Date of Birth: | 04.01.1902 |
| Place of Birth: | Shushi, Artsakh |
| Date of death: | 30.03.1958 |
| A place of death: | Moscow, Russia |
| Brief information: Minister of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR (1950-1953) |
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Biography
Fleeing from the massacre, in 1905 the family moved to Baku.
In Baku, Tevosyan graduated from the Parish School, Trade School, and external gymnasium.
From 1917 he worked as a clerk and accountant in Baku.
In 1918-1920 - at underground work in Baku. In 1919 - secretary of the underground city committee of the RCP (b).
In 1927 he graduated from the Mining Academy.
Since 1927 - at the Elektrostal plant (Moscow region): worker, assistant foreman, foreman, engineer, chief engineer.
To study the experience of technically developed countries, at the end of 1929 he was sent abroad. In Germany, working at the factories of the Krupp company for a year, he studied in detail the technology for the production of high-quality and high-quality steels. He visited the leading metallurgical enterprises of Czechoslovakia and Italy.
1931-1936 - manager of the association of high-quality steel and ferroalloy plants "Spetsstal".
1936-1939 - Head of the Main Directorate, 1st Deputy People's Commissar of the Defense Industry of the USSR.
1939-1940 - People's Commissar of the USSR shipbuilding industry.
1940-1948 - People's Commissar, then Minister of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR.
1948-1949 - Minister of Metallurgical Industry of the USSR.
1949-1956 - Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
1950-1953 - Minister of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR.
Achievements
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (3)
- Hero of Socialist Labor (1943)
- Order of Lenin (5)
- Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Images
Miscellaneous
- While studying at the academy, Tevosyan worked in production: at the Taganrog Metallurgical Plant - as a worker in the open-hearth shop, as a roller's assistant in the pipe-rolling shop; at the Stalin Metallurgical Plant (Donbass) - assistant shift engineer in the open-hearth shop; At the Dzerzhinsky plant he was engaged in research work in the open-hearth shop.
- Delegate of the X, XVI-XX Congresses of the CPSU. Since 1939 - member of the CPSU Central Committee.
- Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st-5th convocations.
- His wife is O.A. Khvalebnova is a prominent public figure, since 1939 - secretary of the Writers' Union, since 1941 - since the founding of the Soviet Women's Committee, she has been deputy chairman of the committee. Her services to the state were awarded the Order of the October Revolution, three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, and many medals.
- Tevosyan I.T. monuments were erected: in their homeland - in Shusha, in the city of Elektrostal.
- The streets in Yerevan, Elektrostal and Stepanakert are named after him; Elektrostal plant; a large ocean ship (260 m long).
- He was buried on Red Square near the Kremlin wall.
Bibliography
- Armenians are the people of the creator of foreign civilizations: 1000 famous Armenians in world history / S. Shirinyan.-Er.: Auth. ed., 2014, p.81, ISBN 978-9939-0-1120-2
- Bogolyubov S.A. // I.F. Tevosyan in the memoirs of veterans of the shipbuilding industry / Comp. Afanasyev S.I. St. Petersburg, 1991
- Memories of I.F. Tevosians. M., 1991
- Zalessky K.A. Stalin's Empire. Biographical encyclopedic dictionary. M., 2000
- Noah's Ark. Information and analytical newspaper of the Armenian diaspora of the CIS countries. No. 12 (46) December 2001
- Arzumanyan A. The Mystery of Bulat. 1967