No. 1. Rurikovich.
The oldest dynasty. This clan of Rurik's descendants was initially considered princely, and then became royal, and over time branched into a huge number of related clans. According to chronicle texts, the Novgorod prince Rurik ruled the lands in the 9th century, he is also considered the founder of the statehood of Rus'. The descendants of the Rurikovichs are such eminent dynasties of rulers as the Monomashichi, the Izyaslavichs of Turov, the Izyaslavichs of Polotsk, the Svyatoslavichs, and the Rostislavichs. The reign of the Rurikovichs ended during the reign of Fyodor the First Ioannovich and Vasily Shuisky - they were the last kings of this venerable dynasty.
No. 2. Romanovs.
The Russian dynasty of kings, and later the emperors of Russia, the princes of Finland and Lithuania, the kings of Poland. According to genealogical research, representatives of the Romanov dynasty, starting with Peter III, had ancestors with the surname Holstein - Gottorp - Romanov. Nicholas II, who was dethroned in 1917, became the last of the Romanov czars.
No. 3. Bourbons.
A dynasty of European descent who took the throne of France in 1589. The Bourbon dynasty is not only one of the most numerous, but also one of the most ancient. To this day, one of the branches of the family continues to exist - the Bourbon-Busset. The Bourbons, at different times, ruled the following cities and states: Sicily, Naples, the Duchy of Parma, France, and the modern descendants of the dynasty still rule Luxembourg and Spain today.
No. 4. Habsburgs.
Among all the European dynasties of the Middle Ages and Modern times, the Habsburgs were one of the most powerful. They ruled the Austrian Empire, at some point in time were the rulers of the Roman Empire, sat on the thrones of Croatia, Hungary, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Tuscany, Transylvania and many other small powers.
No. 5. Windsor.
The Windsor dynasty until 1917 was known as Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. After the end of the First World War, George V abandoned his family surname and all German titles, and began to call himself Windsor - he took the surname after the name of the castle. Today, the Windsors are the ruling dynasty of Great Britain - the throne is occupied by Queen Elizabeth II.
No. 6. Min.
The Ming Dynasty gave the name to the whole empire: “Ming Empire”. They ruled China for about 300 years - from 1368 to 1644. During the reign of the Ming dynasty, a very strong navy and army were created in China, in which almost a million soldiers served. But when Zhi Yuanzhang, who was not interested in politics, and then his son Zhu Di ascended the throne, all power in the empire passed to those close to him. The result of such rule was rampant corruption, and the appearance of the first signs of a split, which later became the reason for the annexation of China to Manchuria, which was ruled by the Qing dynasty.
No. 7. Stuarts.
Scottish royal dynasty, which later, from the 14th to the 16th centuries, ruled the whole of Great Britain. Rulers from the Stuart dynasty: Charles I and II, Mary Stuart, who was the great-granddaughter of Henry VII.
No. 8. Tudor.
A dynasty of famous English kings who were on the throne from 1485 to 1603. It was during the reign of the Tudor dynasty that the period of revival in England fell. The country took an active part in the politics of all of Europe and began to develop rapidly in economic and cultural directions. At the same time, the colonization of America took place. But not everything was so smooth; during the reign of the Tudors, repressions began against representatives of Protestantism. And during the reign of Elizabeth, Anglicanism became the main religion.
No. 9. Chingizidov.
Representatives of the Genghisid dynasty are direct descendants of Genghis Khan, who had four sons: Jochi, Chagatai, Ogedei and Tolui. Only these sons and their descendants had the right to become Great Khans. Jochi, the eldest son, became the father of 40 sons!, and one of his grandchildren had 22 sons! According to preliminary estimates, today Genghis Khan has approximately 16 million descendants in the male line!
No. 10. Gediminovich.
Representatives of the Gediminovich dynasty were the rulers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (a generalized name for the princely families of Belarus, Lithuania, Russia and Ukraine). The Gedimins descended from Prince Gedimin, although scientists consider Gedimin's grandfather Skolomend to be the founder of the dynasty. His descendants were the famous princes Sigismund, Olgerd, Keistut, Vytautas, and Jagiello.
1
An ancient princely and later royal family of descendants of Rurik, which then split into many branches. Rurik is a Novgorod prince who ruled in the 9th century and, according to chronicles, is the founder of the statehood of Rus'. The last rulers of this venerable dynasty were Tsars Fyodor I Ioannovich and Vasily Shuisky. From the Rurikovichs came many eminent rulers: Izyaslavichs of Polotsk, Rostislavichs, Izyaslavichs of Turov, Svyatoslavichs, Monomashichis.
2
The dynasty of Russian tsars, later the emperors of Russia, as well as the tsars of Poland, the princes of Lithuania and Finland. In genealogical sources, representatives of the dynasty, starting with Peter the Third, bear the surname Golstein - Gottorp - Romanov. The last tsar from this family was Nicholas II, overthrown in 1917.
3 Bourbon Dynasty
European dynasty that ascended the French throne in 1589. This dynasty is not only one of the most ancient, but also one of the most numerous. The Bourbon-Busset branch still exists today. Representatives of this dynasty ruled the following states and cities: France, Naples, Sicily, and the Duchy of Parma. Now the descendants of the Bourbons rule Spain and Luxembourg.
4 Habsburg Dynasty
One of the most powerful European dynasties in the Middle Ages and Modern times. The Habsburgs were the rulers of the Austrian Empire, at one time ruled the Roman Empire, and also occupied thrones in Hungary, Croatia, Spain, Portugal, Mexico, Transylvania, Tuscany and other smaller states.
Until 1917 it was called Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. After the First World War, George the Fifth renounced his German titles and family name and took the surname Windsor, after the name of the castle. This is the current ruling dynasty in Great Britain, on the throne of which today is Elizabeth the Second.
6
The Great Ming Empire ruled China from 1368 to 1644. Under this empire, a fleet and a strong army numbering 1 million soldiers were created. Under the rule of Zhi Yuanzhang and his son Zhu Di, who were not interested in politics, all power was concentrated in the hands of those close to him. As a result, corruption grew greatly and signs of decay appeared, which ultimately led to the annexation of China by the Manchu Qing dynasty.
7
Royal dynasty of Scotland, and then of the whole of Great Britain in the 14th-16th centuries. Its representatives are Charles the First and Charles the Second, as well as Mary Stuart, the great-granddaughter of Henry the Seventh.
8 Tudor Dynasty
Royal dynasty of England from 1485 to 1603. Under the Tudors, England entered the Renaissance period, actively participated in European politics, and developed culturally and economically. It was also during this time that the colonization of America began. On the other hand, it was a time of repression against Protestants, and under Elizabeth there was a return to Anglicanism.
9
Genghisids are direct descendants of Genghis Khan. He had four sons: Jochi, Chagatai, Ogedei and Tolui. Only they and their descendants had the right to become khans. The eldest son had 40 sons, and one of the grandsons had 22 sons. It is believed that today Genghis Khan has 16 million descendants through the male line.
10
The dynasty ruling the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the general name of the princely families of Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland and Russia, originating from Prince Gediminas. Historians consider Skolomend, the grandfather of Gediminas, to be the founder of the dynasty. From him came such legendary princes as Vitovt, Olgerd, Keistut, Jagiello and Sigismund.
Despite the fact that we live in a world where there is more and more talk about democracy and the electoral system, dynastic traditions are still strong in many countries. All dynasties in Europe are similar to each other. Moreover, each dynasty is special in its own way.
Windsors (Great Britain), since 1917
The youngestBritish monarchs are genealogically representatives of the Hanoverian and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha dynasties, and more broadly of the Wettins, who had fiefdoms in Hanover and Saxony.
During the First World War, King George V decided that it was wrong to be called in German and in 1917 a proclamation was issued, according to which the descendants of Queen Victoria, representing the Hanoverian dynasty, and Prince Albert in the male line were declared members of the new House of Windsor - British subjects, and in 1952, Elizabeth II improved the document in her favor, declaring her descendants who are not descendants of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in the male line to be members of the house. That is, de facto, from the point of view of normal monarchical genealogy, Prince Charles and his descendants are not Windsors, the dynasty is interrupted by Elizabeth II, and they belong to the Glucksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg, which rules in Denmark and Norway, because Elizabeth’s husband, Prince Philip, is from there. By the way, the Russian Emperor Peter III and all his descendants in the male line are also from the House of Oldenburg by blood.
Bernadotte (Sweden), from 1810
The most revolutionaryThe son of a lawyer from Gascony, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte chose a military career and became a general during the French Revolution. His relationship with Napoleon did not work out from the very beginning; the ambitious Gascon considered himself better than Bonaparte, but he fought very successfully for the emperor. In 1810, the Swedes offered him to become the adopted son of a childless king, and, after he accepted Lutheranism, they approved him as crown prince, and soon as regent and de facto ruler of Sweden. He entered into an alliance with Russia and fought against the French in 1813-1814, personally leading the troops. So the current ruler, Carl XVI Gustav, is very similar to the Gascon with his nose.
Glücksburg (Denmark, Norway), from 1825
The most RussianThe full name of the dynasty is Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glucksburg. And they themselves are a branch of the House of Oldenburg, the interweaving of whose descendants are extremely complex; they ruled in Denmark, Norway, Greece, the Baltic states, and even under the name of the Romanovs - in Russia. The fact is that Peter III and his descendants, according to all dynastic rules, are just Glücksburg. In Denmark, the Glucksburg throne is currently represented by Margrethe II, and in Norway by Harald V.
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, from 1826
The most accommodatingThe family of the Dukes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha originates from the ancient German house of Wettin. As was customary in the 18th-19th centuries, the descendants of various German branches of the ancient ruling houses were actively used in dynastic marriages. And so the Saxe-Coburg-Gothas did not spare their offspring for the common cause. Catherine II was the first to establish this tradition by marrying her grandson Konstantin Pavlovich, Duchess Juliana (in Russia - Anna).
Then Anna betrothed her relative Leopold to the British Princess Charlotte, and his sister Victoria, married to Edward of Kent, gave birth to a daughter, Victoria, who would become the most famous British queen. And her son Prince Alfred (1844-1900), Duke of Edinburgh, married Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna, sister of Alexander III. In 1893, the prince inherited the title of Duke of Coburg and it turned out that an Englishman and a Russian were at the head of the German family. Their granddaughter Princess Alix became the wife of Nicholas II. The Saxe-Coburg-Gotha dynasty is now genealogically on the British throne and completely, without any reservations, in the Belgian in the person of Philip Leopold Louis Marie.
Orange dynasty (Netherlands), from 1815
The most power-hungryThe descendants of the glorious William of Orange regained influence in the Netherlands only after the final defeat of Napoleon, when the Congress of Vienna established monarchical rule there. The wife of the second king of the Netherlands, Willem II, was the sister of Alexander I and the daughter of Paul I, Anna Pavlovna, so the current king, Willem Alexander, is the great-great-great-great-grandson of Paul I. In addition, the modern royal family, although it continues to consider itself part of the Orange dynasty, is actually the grandmother of Willem Alexander Juliana belongs to the House of Mecklenburg, and Queen Beatrix belongs to the Westphalian princely House of Lippe. This dynasty can be called power-hungry because the three previous queens abdicated the throne in favor of their descendants.
Bourbons of Parma (Luxembourg), since 1964
The most seedyIn general, the Parma Bourbon line was at one time a fairly famous and ambitious Italian dynasty, but it fell into almost complete decline with the loss of its fiefs at the end of the 19th century. So she would have vegetated, being a more or less successful aristocratic family, but one of the offspring, Felix, married the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, Charlotte of Orange. So the Bourbons of Parma became the ruling dynasty of the dwarf state of Luxembourg and lead a modest life, raising children, protecting wildlife and preserving the Luxembourgish language. The status of an offshore zone and 200 banks per microcountry allows them not to think about their daily bread.
Liechtenstein (Liechtenstein), since 1607
The most nobleThroughout its rich history - the house has been known since the 12th century - they have not gotten involved in big politics, perhaps because at the very beginning they realized that they could part with everything quite quickly. They acted slowly, cautiously, helped the powers that be - they far-sightedly bet on the Habsburgs, created successful alliances, easily changed religion, either leading the Lutherans or returning to Catholicism. Having received the status of imperial princes, the Liechtensteins did not seek to intermarry with foreign families and strengthened their dynastic ties within the Holy Roman Empire.
Actually, Liechtenstein was at first a secondary possession for them, which they acquired, since their overlord was de jure the emperor, in order to enter the Reichstag and increase their political importance. Then they became related to the Habsburgs, who confirmed their homogeneity, and to this day the Liechtensteins are distinguished by great attention to dynastic ties, marrying only with high-ranking nobles. It is worth adding to what has been said that GDP per capita in Liechtenstein is second in the world after Qatar - $141,000 per year. This is not least due to the fact that the dwarf state is a tax haven where various companies can hide from the taxes of their countries, but not only. Liechtenstein has a thriving high-tech industry.
Grimaldi (Monaco), from 1659
The most rootlessGrimaldi is one of the four families that ruled the Genoese Republic. Since constant skirmishes took place there in the 12th - 14th centuries between supporters of the power of the pope, the Ghibellines, and the emperor, the Guelphs, Grimaldi had to periodically run around nearby Europe. That's how they found Monaco for themselves. In 1659, the owners of Monaco accepted the princely title and received the title of Dukes de Valentinois from Louis XIII. They spent almost all their time at the French court. But this is all in the past, and in 1733 the family was cut short, and those who are now Grimaldi actually descend from the Duke of Estuteville, who was obliged by the marriage contract to take his surname by the rulers of Monaco. The current Prince Albert and his sisters are descended from the marriage of Count Polignac with the illegitimate daughter of Prince Louis II, who ruled the principality from 1922 to 1949. But Albert’s lack of nobility more than makes up for it with the publicity he works for the principality.
Princes of Andorra - Bishops of Urgell, from the 6th century
The most ancientSince 1278, Andorra has had two prince-rulers - the Bishop of Urgell and someone from France, first the Count of Foix, then the King of Navarre, and now the president of the republic. Episcopal rule is a historical atavism of the secular rule of the Catholic Church. The Urgell, or, more correctly, Urgell diocese was founded in the 6th century, and since then the bishops have traced their genealogy. The current prince is Bishop Joan Enric Vives i Sisilla, a theologian, practicing priest and social activist. But for us, of particular interest in the history of Andorra and the bishops of Urgell is 1934, when they were removed from the throne by the Russian adventurer Boris Skosyrev. He came to Andorra, proclaimed himself king, and either the instigated or bribed General Council of the country supported him. The new king issued a lot of liberal documents, but when he decided to make a gambling zone there, the previously loyal bishop rebelled. And although King Boris I declared war on him, he still won, calling reinforcements from Spain of five national guards.
Spanish Bourbons (since 1713)
The most extensiveEveryone knows that recently the Spanish Bourbons are the most disgraced, but they are also the most extensive of the Bourbons historically. They have as many as six lateral branches, including the most significant - Carlist - from the Infanta Don Carlos the Elder. At the beginning of the 19th century, he was the purest contender for the Spanish throne, but due to the pragmatic sanction of Ferdinand VII in 1830, who transferred the throne to his daughter Isabella, he remained out of work. A strong party formed behind Carlos, he started two wars, called Carlist (his grandson Carlos the Younger participated in the third). The Carlist movement in Spain was significant until the 1970s; formally it still exists, but it has no significance in politics, although they have their own contender for the throne - Carlos Hugo.
Our world is based on money, power, eternal struggle and inequality, so only strong and strong-willed individuals can survive in it, but for those who have wealth and titles, this path to the top becomes easier. Over the centuries, property and monetary savings were transferred from heir to heir, which made it possible to create entire dynasties that prospered with each new generation, staunchly maintaining their positions and increasing wealth.
Unfortunately, not all ruling families became great and influential. However, this article will highlight the most powerful and majestic dynasties of the world that have made special contributions to the future of their country and their people.
Rothschild dynasty
The Rothschilds were a dynasty of German financiers and bankers who controlled all of Europe. The family was also granted nobility by the governments of England and Austria. Its founder is Mayer Amschel Rothschild, who sought to leave the business in family circles, so few people knew about the business achievements and monetary accumulations of the dynasty.
The founder of one of the most powerful and influential clans in the history of the family very carefully chose future spouses for representatives of his family, so he looked for the most suitable candidate exclusively in the circles of close relatives. The beginning of the financial empire was the opening of the bank “N. M. Rothschild and Sons" in 1811. The institution is still in operation today.
The dynasty reached particular prosperity and prosperity in the period from 1825 to 1826, as it began to issue its own coins. In the 19th century, the dynasty had about $1 billion. She took an active part in financing various projects.
Today its representatives own three world banks, two holding companies, hundreds of beautiful gardens and parks, an insurance fund, etc. The dynasty has an incredibly large heritage, which is why it is considered the richest and most influential in the modern world.
Plantagenet Dynasty
Unlike the Tudors, the Plantagenet dynasty (1126-1400) left behind a significant contribution to the development of the political and cultural system of England, which continues to function successfully to this day. The Plantagenet family dates back to 1126. At that time it was a royal house, the founder of which was Henry II.
In the period from 1154 to 1485, the dynasty was led by about fifteen monarchs of this family, which included junior government lines. During their reign, the Plantagenets were able to shape English monastic art and culture. In those years, the Gothic style itself was of particular value, with the use of which, with the support of the dynasty, the world famous York Cathedral and Westminster Abbey were erected.
The rulers also paid special attention to the social sphere, which was partially changed under them. For example, Edward III signed the so-called Magna Carta, which over time radically influenced the formation of constitutional and common law. Also, the current Parliament of England, the universities of Oxford and Cambridge are the “brainchildren” of the Plantagenet dynasty, which ended with Richard III in 1400.
Nehru-Gandhi dynasty
The Nehru-Feroz Gandhi dynasty is exclusively political, since its representatives not only took an active part in the National Indian Congress party, but also occupied leading positions in it. They made significant contributions to the country, especially in the early years of its independence.
The founder of the family business was Motilal Nehru Gandhi, after whom the dynasty was continued by his direct heir Jawaharlal Nehru Gandhi. Also, family aspirations were supported by his son Rajiv and daughter Indira, who took the positions of Indian prime ministers, but after a few years they were killed.
Rajiv is survived by his wife Sonia, who today is the head of the National Indian Congress, and their son named Rahul has been working in the country's Parliament since 2004. Without a grain of doubt, it can be argued that this particular Indian dynasty is the personification of the traditions of tribal governance on the territory of democratic Asian republics.
Khan Dynasty
The Mongol Empire was created in the 13th century. She quickly became incredibly powerful and brought fear to literally the whole world. Its founder was Genghis Khan, who was able to unite the nearby territories. He assembled his own huge army from the tribes of nomads who lived in the Asian northeastern lands. This fearless and at the same time merciless ruler attacked cities and small settlements, appropriating other people's possessions and conquering thousands of peoples.
At the time when power was in the hands of Genghis Khan, the bulk of the territory of Central Asia was under the control of the Khan dynasty. After his death in 1227, his son Ogedei took the throne, but his grandchildren and other children also received a small share. It is not known for certain where the great Genghis Khan is buried now, but there is an assumption that he rests on the territory of Mongolia. His descendants continued his work, each time adding new vassal states to the family's possessions. The reign of the Khan family ended in 1370.
Julio-Claudian dynasties
The Yulio-Claudian dynasty was a union of several clans, the main one of which was the Claudian family. The imperial family included such world-famous Roman rulers as Augustus, Caligula, Tiberius, Claudius and Nero.
It was under their leadership that the majestic Roman Empire developed and flourished from 27 BC to 68 AD. The imperial line ended with the last heir, Nero, who committed suicide. All these great personalities were related to each other either by adoption or by marriage with representatives of these great families.
Each of these rulers made a special contribution to the expansion of Roman borders, and thanks to them, many buildings were erected, among which the Colosseum, which the whole world knows about today, occupied a special place. As historians of Ancient Rome assert in their writings, emperors were held in high esteem by the common people, but senators did not like them. There is also evidence that members of the imperial family were not only crazy and tyrants, but also sexually perverted.
Ming Dynasty
Despite the fact that the rulers of one of the greatest dynasties in the world had the surname Zhu, the founder of the Chinese empire, Zhu Yuanzhang, named his “brainchild” Ming. The translation of this name sounds like “diamond”. Its historical path began after the fall of the Mongol Yuan Empire in 1368, and lasted a relatively short time - only until 1644.
However, despite this, the short period of her reign became one of the greatest in the entire history of mankind, since she was able to influence the correct and stable development of social life not only in China, but throughout the world. The Ming Dynasty was the last in Asian lands to be ruled by ethnic Chinese.
At that time, the empire had significant privileges, which included the presence of a huge army and enormous military forces, which were created by millions of warriors. With its help, the Great Wall of China was restored and the Forbidden City was erected. At that time, such projects required enormous financial investments. It was also during the existence of the Ming family that the formation of capitalism began.
Habsburg Dynasty
The House of Habsburg was founded presumably in 930 by Guntram the Rich, which lasted until 1918. Throughout its reign, the dynasty controlled the lands of the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the lands of the Austrian and Spanish empires. The Habsburg family had Swedish roots, but despite this, they were able to be one of the most influential and powerful in Austria for 600 years.
The dynasty differed from the rest, first of all, in its ability to successfully conclude marriage alliances with other royal families, thereby increasing not only its territorial possessions, but also creating profitable alliances. For example, Maria Theresa gave the dynasty ten heirs. And today there are descendants of the Habsburgs, but they live an ordinary life without continuing their “blooded” empire.
Ptolemaic Dynasty
The Ptolemies were a Macedonian Hellenistic royal dynasty that ruled Ancient Egypt from 305 BC to 30 AD. It was founded by one of the assistants of Alexander the Great - Ptolemy. It was he who was appointed Egyptian satrap in 323 BC after the death of the ruler.
In 305 BC, Ptolemy declares himself king. The dynasty ruled until 30 AD, but its end came when the Egyptian lands became the property of the Roman conquerors. The last and most outstanding queen of a noble family was Cleopatra VII. She became famous for her political qualities in the fight against Pompey and Julius Caesar, as well as Mark Antony and Octavian. However, the great ruler committed suicide when her possessions became the property of the Romans who hated her.
Medici Dynasty
The Medici dynasty was an oligarchic dynasty that ruled from the 13th to the 17th centuries in the territory of Florence. Representatives of the family also included the Popes, French and English royal families, as well as many high-ranking personalities of Florence. The dynasty contributed to the beginning of the development and prosperity of humanism and art.
Moreover, in concert with powerful Italian families such as the Sforzas, Visconti, Mantuans and Este de Ferrara, the Medici Empire ushered in the Italian Renaissance. At one time, the dynasty was considered one of the richest and most powerful in European territory. Its representatives were able to gain political power not only in the lands of Florence, but also throughout Europe.
Capetian Dynasty
The Capetian dynasty was the largest and most influential royal house in Europe. It consisted of purebred descendants of the French king Hugh Capet, who founded the empire in 987. Also among its representatives were the Grand Duke of Luxembourg Henri and the Spanish ruler Juan Carlos. For centuries, the family took root throughout Europe and founded completely different units, ranging from estates to kingdoms.
Moreover, the dynasty became famous as the most incestuous, especially the monarchs of Spain. Many years have passed since then, but the empire was able to survive to this day. Evidence of this fact is the Duke of Anjou and Prince Luis Alfonso de Bourbon, who rule over the territory of the kingdom of Luxembourg and Spain.
The Japanese imperial dynasty, whose reign continues to this day, is the oldest in the world. According to legend, the emperors of the land of the rising sun descended from the sun goddess Amaterasu: her grandson Ninigi descended from the sky to rule the country and became the first earthly emperor. The Japanese believe that this happened in 660 BC. But the first written mention of the existence of a monarch in Japan dates back to the beginning of the 5th century AD
. It was then that the kings of the central part of the country subjugated other regional rulers and created a single state, starting a new dynasty. In the 8th century the title "Emperor" was adopted.
Until IX, Japanese monarchs were full-fledged rulers, but over time they began to lose power - rule of the country passed to advisers, regents, and shoguns while maintaining official power. After World War II, the dynasty of Japanese emperors continued their symbolic rule, losing all rights to interfere in the affairs of the state.
* Today the 125th Emperor in Japan (the only reigning Emperor in the world) is Akihito, Prince of Tsugunomiya.
The Bernadotte dynasty of Swedish kings has ruled only since 1818, but is the oldest continuously ruling dynasty in Europe. Its founder was Marshal Bernadotte, who took the royal name Charles XIV Johan.
* Today the king of Sweden is the eighth representative of this dynasty, Carl XVI Gustaf.
The Spanish Bourbon dynasty also continues to rule to this day, albeit with interruptions in power. It was founded in 1700, its reign was interrupted in 1808, and the Bourbon restoration was carried out in 1957.
* Spain is now ruled by Juan Carlos I de Bourbon. The 76-year-old king has almost no interest in political life; he is a symbol of the country’s national unity.
The English Windsor dynasty has ruled Britain since 1917, but it dates back to 1826 as the Saxe-Coburg-Gothic dynasty, so can be considered one of the oldest.
Over the years, Russia (from Rurik to Putin) has changed its political system many times. At first, rulers bore the title of prince. When, after a period of political fragmentation, a new Russian state emerged around Moscow, the owners of the Kremlin began to think about accepting the royal title.
This was accomplished under Ivan the Terrible (1547-1584). This great prince decided to marry into the kingdom. And this decision was not accidental. Thus, the Moscow monarch emphasized that he was the legal successor of the Byzantine emperors. It was they who bestowed Orthodoxy on Russia. In the 16th century, Byzantium no longer existed (it fell under the onslaught of the Ottomans), so Ivan the Terrible rightly believed that his act would have serious symbolic significance.
Historical figures such as this king had a great influence on the development of the entire country. In addition to changing his title, Ivan the Terrible also captured the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates, beginning Russian expansion to the East.
Ivan's son Fedor (1584-1598) was distinguished by his weak character and health. Nevertheless, under him the state continued to develop. The patriarchate was established. The rulers of the Russian state have always paid a lot of attention to the issue of succession to the throne. This time he became especially acute. Fedor had no children. When he died, the Rurik dynasty on the Moscow throne came to an end.
Surnames for DYNASTY. Great dynasties of the world or 10 most influential dynasties in the world
In the modern world, everyone is accustomed to democracy, but there was a time when power was inherited. And although there are still countries where power belongs to a certain family, most of the powerful dynasties are long gone. This article will tell you about the most influential dynasties in history.
Rurik Dynasty Initially, the princely and then royal family of Rurik was divided into a large number of branches. The first Novgorod prince was Rurik in the 9th century, who, according to chronicles, is the founder of Great Rus'. The last Rurik rulers included Vasily Shuisky and Fyodor I Ioannovich. From this influential family came many noble rulers: Rostislavovich, Svyatoslavovich, Izyaslavich, etc. Romanov Dynasty The great dynasty of Russian tsars and emperors, Polish tsars, as well as princes of Finland and Lithuania. The first tsar was Peter III, who bore the surname Holstein-Romanov, and the last emperor from the Romanov family was Nicholas II, who lost power in 1917. Bourbon Dynasty A powerful dynasty that came to power in 1589. The Bourbon family was not only one of the oldest, but also one of the most numerous. One branch of the Bourbons still exists today. For several centuries, the Bourbons ruled Naples, France, Sicily and the Duchy of Parma. Today, the descendants of the Bourbons are in power in Spain and Luxembourg. The Habsburg Dynasty is undoubtedly one of the most influential and powerful dynasties in Europe. The Habsburgs ruled in the Middle Ages and the Modern Age for more than 600 years. The dynasty owned the great Austro-Hungarian Empire, as well as at times the Roman Empire, Croatia, Spain, Transylvania, Tuscany, Mexico and other small states. Windsor Dynasty The dynasty currently ruling in Great Britain. Currently, the United Kingdom is ruled by Elizabeth II. Until 1917, the Windsors were known as Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, but everything changed after the First World War. George V renounced his family name and took a new surname after Windsor Castle. Ming Dynasty One of the most powerful empires in Asia ruled China from 1368 to 1644. During the reign of the dynasty, a powerful army was created with more than a million soldiers. Perhaps the dynasty would have lasted longer in power if not for the rule of Zhi Yuanzhang and his son, who were not at all interested in politics. All this led to increased corruption and a weakening of the empire, and ended with the annexation of China to the Qing dynasty. Stuart Dynasty Scottish dynasty, and later British. Representatives of the royal dynasty include Charles I and Charles II, Mary Stuart. The dynasty did not last long, but managed to make its contribution to history. Tudor Dynasty A more powerful family than the previous one, which was in power from 1485 to 1603. With the arrival of the Tudors, England entered the Renaissance, began to develop culturally and economically, and also participate in European politics. In addition, it was under the Tudors that the colonization of America began. The Tudor rule was also distinguished by many repressions against Protestants, but under Elizabeth the country returned to Anglicanism. Genghisid Dynasty The Genghisid dynasty is the descendants of Genghis Khan, who had four sons. Then only the descendants of Genghis Khan could come to power. The eldest son had 40 sons, and one of his grandchildren had 22 sons. Historians believe that Genghis Khan had more than 16 million descendants. Gediminovich Dynasty The legendary dynasty that ruled the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which included the lands of modern Lithuania, Belarus, Poland, Ukraine and Russia. The first representative of the dynasty was Prince Gediminas, but the ancestor was his grandfather. It was from him that such famous princes as Vitovt, Keistut, Jagiello, Olgerd and Sigismund came.
When the ruling Rurikovich Dynasty in Russia ended. The end of the Rurik dynasty
After the news of the death of the prince spread throughout the Russian Land, rumors spread among the people that boyar Boris Godunov had a hand in the “accident.” But there were brave souls who suspected the then Tsar, Fyodor Ioannovich, the older half-brother of the deceased Tsarevich, of the “conspiracy.” And there were reasons for this.
40 days after the death of Ivan the Terrible, Fedor, the heir to the Moscow throne, began to actively prepare for his coronation. By his order, a week before the crowning, the widow-Tsarina Maria and her son Dmitry Ioannovich were sent to Uglich - “to reign.” The fact that the last wife of Tsar John IV and the prince were not invited to the coronation was a terrible humiliation for the latter. However, Fyodor did not stop there: for example, the maintenance of the prince’s court was sometimes reduced several times a year. Just a few months after the beginning of his reign, he ordered the clergy to remove the traditional mention of the name of Tsarevich Dmitry during services.
The formal basis was that Dmitry Ioannovich was born in his sixth marriage and, according to church rules, was considered illegitimate. However, everyone understood that this was just an excuse. The ban on mentioning the prince during divine services was perceived by his court as a wish for death. There were rumors among the people about failed attempts on Dmitry's life. Thus, the Briton Fletcher, while in Moscow in 1588–1589, wrote down that his nurse died from poison intended for Dmitry.
Six months after the death of Dmitry, the wife of Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich, Irina Godunova, became pregnant. Everyone was waiting for the heir to the throne. Moreover, according to legend, the birth of a boy was predicted by numerous court magicians, healers and healers. But in May 1592, the queen gave birth to a girl. There were rumors among the people that Princess Theodosia, as the parents named their daughter, was born exactly a year after Dmitry’s death - on May 25, and the royal family delayed the official announcement for almost a month.
But this was not the worst sign: the girl lived only a few months and died the same year. And here they began to talk about Dmitry’s curse. After the death of his daughter, the king changed; he finally lost interest in his royal duties, and spent months in monasteries. People said that Fyodor was making amends for his guilt before the murdered prince. In the winter of 1598, Fyodor Ioannovich died without leaving an heir. The Rurik dynasty died with him.
1 Rurik Dynasty
An ancient princely and later royal family of descendants of Rurik, which then split into many branches. Rurik is a Novgorod prince who ruled in the 9th century and, according to chronicles, is the founder of the statehood of Rus'. The last rulers of this venerable dynasty were Tsars Fyodor I Ioannovich and Vasily Shuisky. From the Rurikovichs came many eminent rulers: Izyaslavichs of Polotsk, Rostislavichs, Izyaslavichs of Turov, Svyatoslavichs, Monomashichis.
2 Romanov Dynasty
The dynasty of Russian tsars, later the emperors of Russia, as well as the tsars of Poland, the princes of Lithuania and Finland. In genealogical sources, representatives of the dynasty, starting with Peter the Third, bear the surname Golstein - Gottorp - Romanov. The last tsar from this family was Nicholas II, overthrown in 1917.
3 Bourbon Dynasty
European dynasty that ascended the French throne in 1589. This dynasty is not only one of the most ancient, but also one of the most numerous. The Bourbon-Busset branch still exists today. Representatives of this dynasty ruled the following states and cities: France, Naples, Sicily, and the Duchy of Parma. Now the descendants of the Bourbons rule Spain and Luxembourg.
4 Habsburg Dynasty
One of the most powerful European dynasties in the Middle Ages and Modern times. The Habsburgs were the rulers of the Austrian Empire, at one time ruled the Roman Empire, and also occupied thrones in Hungary, Croatia, Spain, Portugal, Mexico, Transylvania, Tuscany and other smaller states.
5 Windsor Dynasty
Until 1917 it was called Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. After the First World War, George the Fifth renounced his German titles and family name and took the surname Windsor, after the name of the castle. This is the current ruling dynasty in Great Britain, on the throne of which today is Elizabeth the Second.
6 Ming Dynasty
The Great Ming Empire ruled China from 1368 to 1644. Under this empire, a fleet and a strong army numbering 1 million soldiers were created. Under the rule of Zhi Yuanzhang and his son Zhu Di, who were not interested in politics, all power was concentrated in the hands of those close to him. As a result, corruption grew greatly and signs of decay appeared, which ultimately led to the annexation of China by the Manchu Qing dynasty.
7 Stuart Dynasty
Royal dynasty of Scotland, and then of the whole of Great Britain in the 14th-16th centuries. Its representatives are Charles the First and Charles the Second, as well as Mary Stuart, the great-granddaughter of Henry the Seventh.
8 Tudor Dynasty 
Royal dynasty of England from 1485 to 1603. Under the Tudors, England entered the Renaissance period, actively participated in European politics, and developed culturally and economically. It was also during this time that the colonization of America began. On the other hand, it was a time of repression against Protestants, and under Elizabeth there was a return to Anglicanism.
9 Genghisid Dynasty
Genghisids are direct descendants of Genghis Khan. He had four sons: Jochi, Chagatai, Ogedei and Tolui. Only they and their descendants had the right to become khans. The eldest son had 40 sons, and one of the grandsons had 22 sons. It is believed that today Genghis Khan has 16 million descendants through the male line.
10 Gediminovich Dynasty
The dynasty ruling the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the general name of the princely families of Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland and Russia, originating from Prince Gediminas. Historians consider Skolomend, the grandfather of Gediminas, to be the founder of the dynasty. From him came such legendary princes as Vitovt, Olgerd, Keistut, Jagiello and Sigismund.
The oldest Dynasty in the world. Ancient ruling dynasties
The Japanese imperial dynasty, whose reign continues to this day, is the oldest in the world. According to legend, the emperors of the land of the rising sun descended from the sun goddess Amaterasu: her grandson Ninigi descended from the sky to rule the country and became the first earthly emperor. The Japanese believe that this happened in 660 BC. But the first written mention of the existence of a monarch in Japan dates back to the beginning of the 5th century AD. It was then that the kings of the central part of the country subjugated other regional rulers and created a single state, starting a new dynasty. In the 8th century, the title “emperor” was adopted. Until the 9th century, Japanese monarchs were full-fledged rulers, but over time they began to lose power - rule of the country passed to advisers, regents, and shoguns while maintaining official power. After World War II, the dynasty of Japanese emperors continued their symbolic rule, losing all rights to interfere in the affairs of the state.
Today, the 125th Emperor in Japan (the only reigning Emperor in the world) is Akihito, Prince Tsugunomiya.
The Bernadotte dynasty of Swedish kings only dates back to 1818, but is the oldest continuously ruling dynasty in Europe. Its founder was Marshal Bernadotte, who took the royal name Charles XIV Johan.
Today the king of Sweden is the eighth representative of this dynasty, Carl XVI Gustaf.
The Spanish Bourbon dynasty also continues to rule to this day, albeit with interruptions in power. It was founded in 1700, its reign was interrupted in 1808, and the Bourbon restoration was carried out in 1957.
Now Spain is ruled by Juan Carlos I de Bourbon. The 76-year-old king has almost no interest in political life; he is a symbol of the country's national unity.
The English House of Windsor has ruled Britain since 1917, but it dates back to 1826 as the Saxe-Coburg and Gotha House, so it can be considered one of the oldest.
The Guinness Book of Records has a new record - the British Bartletts family is named the oldest family in the world.
Together, the four sisters and brother account for almost 500 years.
Kathleen, 102, Gladys, 100, Lillian, 94, Leonard, 92, and Courtney, 86, were born in the early 20th century, before electricity and gas furnaces were common.
The sisters and brother survived 19 prime ministers, five monarchs, and two World Wars in their native Great Britain.
Today, Kathleen, Gladys, Lillian, Leonard and Courtney live during the Online Revolution and the birth of 3D television.
In total they are already 474 years old.
Four of the five closest relatives also claim to be the oldest people in the world, listed in the Guinness Book of Records.
All family members claim that they managed to live this long thanks to hard work throughout their lives. All these centenarians worked at a chocolate factory in Bristol. Neither they nor their parents welcomed laziness and inactivity in this large family.
At the same time, the oldest people in the world remain active today, despite their advanced age.
The sisters and brother have eight children and 11 grandchildren, as well as great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren.
They also had a sister, Doris, who died when she was 75; if she were still alive, she would have turned 97 this year.
Apparently longevity is in the family's genes - their father, Ernest Bartlett, died when he was 98 years old.
Previously, the Thornton sisters from Shreveport, Louisiana, USA were recognized by the Guinness Book of Records as the oldest. Their total age was 325 years.
All three died within weeks of each other this year.
Ruling Dynasty in Great Britain.
In 1066, Duke William I of Normandy conquered England and became its king.NORMAND DYNASTY, 1066-1135
William I the Conqueror 1066-1087
William II the Red 1087-1100
Henry I the Scientist 1100-1135
Stephen (Etienne) de Blois 1135-1154
PLANTAGENET DYNASTY (ANGEVINE), 1154-1399
Henry II Plantagenet 1154-1189
Richard I the Lionheart 1189-1199
John (John) Landless 1199-1216
Henry III 1216-1272
Edward I Longshanks 1272-1307
Edward II 1307-1327
Edward III 1327-1377
Richard II 1377-1399
LANCASTER DYNASTY (lateral to the Plantagenets), 1399-1471.
Henry IV 1399-1413
Henry V 1413-1422
Henry VI 1422-1461, 1470-1471
from 1455 to 1485 - "War of the Scarlet Rose and White Rose"
YORK DYNASTY (lateral to the Plantagenets), 1461-1485.
Edward IV 1461-1470, 1471-1483
Edward V 1483
Richard III of Gloucester 1483-1485
TUDOR DYNASTY, 1485-1603
Henry VII 1485-1509
Henry VIII 1509-1547
Edward VI 1547-1553
Lady Jane Gray (9 days) 1553
Mary I Bloody 1553-1558
Elizabeth I the Great 1558-1603
STEWART DYNASTY (Scottish), 1603-1649
James I (James I) 1603-1625
Charles I (Charles I) 1625-1649
from 1642 to 1653 - the Bourgeois Revolution, which turned into a civil war; dispersal of Parliament. The country was declared a republic.
LORD PROTECTORS
Oliver Cromwell 1653-1658
Richard Cromwell 1658-1659
In 1659, Richard Cromwell voluntarily gave up power; restoration of the monarchy and the Stuart dynasty.
STEWART DYNASTY (secondary), 1660-1688, 1689-1714
Charles II (Charles II) 1660-1685
James II (James II) 1685-1688
from 1688 to 1689 - "Glorious Revolution"; overthrow of James II.
William III of Orange 1689-1702
Mary II Stuart 1689-1694
Anna Stewart 1702-1714
HANOVER DYNASTY, 1714-1901
George I 1714-1717
George II 1727-1760
George III 1760-1820
George IV 1820-1830
William IV 1830-1837
Victoria 1837-1901
in 1840, Queen Victoria married Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Her heirs received their father's surname, which is why the name of the ruling dynasty changed.
SAXEN-COBURG-GOTHA (since 1917 - Windsor (due to anti-German sentiments in society, as the First World War continued)) dynasty, since 1901.