Engineering students, starting from the first year, receive from teachers a complex and important assignment for calculation and graphic work. Carrying out PGR requires certain knowledge and skills, attentiveness and perseverance, as well as a sufficient amount of time, which a modern student does not have much of.
Calculation and graphic work
If a teacher can forgive a student for not completing a routine test, the failure to solve a problem can have a negative impact on academic performance and significantly spoil the impression of the student. That is why performing calculation and graphic work is mandatory and very important for absolutely everyone. Some people painstakingly, spending nights with textbooks and notebooks, do everything themselves - right or wrong - they find out after the fact. Someone turns to senior students for help, which, by the way, is also risky, because there is no guarantee that the solution to the calculation and graphic work will be provided correctly, without any shortcomings. And someone chooses a safer and most profitable way to solve this issue - they order work from professionals.
Order rgr
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17.02.2015 17:29
Calculation and graphic work is independent research, which was created to substantiate theoretical material on the main topics of the course and develop practical skills performing technical and economic calculations.
Essence calculation and graphic work consists of doing the most typical calculations which are carried out by the manager during the feasibility study of the decisions he makes.
When organizing work, you must adhere to the following regulations:
1. Presentation of material from each calculation and graphic work tasks should be carried out in the following frequency:
Theoretical justification of the issue being considered;
Mathematical calculations;
Analysis and summary of the results obtained, conclusions.
2. Calculation part of the work do according to options. The choice of option is carried out according to the final number of the grade book;
3. All data is tabulated;
4. Initial data and calculation results are given indicating units of measurement;
5. Calculations are carried out with an accuracy of one tenth;
6. The amount of explanatory note is 30-50 pages of handwritten text (or 15-25 pages of computer printing) in A4 format;
7. Design calculation and graphic work occurs in relation to the current rules for writing scientific, methodological and technical documentation (DSTU 3008-95: System of standards for information, library and publishing).
IN conclusions of the RGR the results of all the issues covered are summed up, and the main problems and ways of their possible solution are identified.
Target calculation and graphic work- consolidation of theoretical knowledge in the discipline, formation of practical skills in determining the optimal option for organizing interaction.
An individual task for each student is calculation and graphic work.
Calculation and graphic work (CGR) is student's personal research. Carrying out RGR, student enriches the knowledge and skills acquired during the study of the subject, namely: defining a goal, highlighting tasks, formulating problems and finding ways to solve them.
Student working on RGR forms skills and abilities that will be important in the future when solving more complex problems (thesis, dissertation, scientific research, etc.).
Students working on the topic of individual work under the guidance of a teacher. Every student gets a separate option calculation and graphic control work, which contains one problem from each topic. Total RGR contains 12 practical problems from various sections of the program.
Option number RGR tasks corresponds to the student’s serial number in the group list.
For example, the first student on the list completes option No. 1, the second - option No. 2, etc. Execution option RGR, which does not correspond to the student’s serial number in the group is not allowed.
Assessment for independent (individual) work is given at the end of all practical classes. The number of points that a student can receive ranges from 0 to 12 points, depending on the volume and quality of the work performed. This grade is taken into account when determining the final grade for the entire course.
The purpose of writing the RGR are:
Systematization, consolidation and expansion of the student’s theoretical knowledge and practical skills;
Gaining experience in working with literature and other sources of information, the ability to summarize and analyze scientific information, and develop one’s own attitude to the problem;
Developing the ability to use information and computer technologies to solve applied medical problems;
Development of skills in mastering specialized software;
Conducting a detailed analysis of the results of your own research and forming meaningful conclusions regarding the quality of the results obtained.
Submitted only in electronic form. Files with the electronic version and presentation in MS Office 2003 or MS Office 2007 format are supplied on a USB flash drive.
Volume of work - 10-15 pages of text (including the list of information sources and applications).
To defense calculation and graphic work A presentation is being prepared for a three-minute presentation of the work.
There are two options calculation and graphic work:
Typical;
Search engine.
In the first option, the task is performed according to the standard methodology, which is set out in these Guidelines.
Topic calculation and graphic work (CGR) determined by its leader. When determining RGR topics wishes can be taken into account student.
When defining a topic student must be guided by these Methodological Instructions, take into account their theoretical knowledge and experience, and methods of collecting information material. For students, having excellent success, ability for scientific work and showing initiative, topics of work with scientific research or methodological inclinations may be proposed.
After defining the topic, the leader RGR issues the student an assignment of the established form.
Becoming to implementation of RGR, The student is obliged to assimilate these Methodological Instructions and discuss any problems that arise with the teacher.
Throughout the semester, the teacher holds meetings and discussions on decision of the RGR.
The student must go to counseling. During which the teacher corrects the work, names the amount and depth of the material performed.
With stroke control method execution of RGR 4 current control dates are established from the moment the teacher issues the assignment for practical work.
Labor intensity RGR for students is 6-8 hours per week for 8-10 weeks. After the end of the specified period RGR must be fully completed and submitted to the manager for review.
It is done by the student personally, during independent preparation, outside the academic schedule. The student has personal responsibility for deciding on a specific work schedule, the quality and completeness of the development of the issue, the validity of the decisions made, compliance with DSTU in the design, and for the timely protection of the RGR.
Completed in full RGR must have:
An explanatory note (EP) of up to 40 pages in A4 format, including sketches, explanatory calculations and illustrations;
Applications in the form of graphic material, made on a PC using graphics packages;
Drawings of technological equipment for the manufacture of skins and elements of the power set of the forward section of the fuselage;
Drawings of devices for assembling the forward fuselage.
On individual instructions from the manager RGR The list of graphic material may be changed.
Mechanical copying and (or) copying of texts from educational, scientific, technical and flight technical documentation into an explanatory note is unacceptable.
So, as we see calculation and graphic form The work is very popular today, especially in mathematics universities.
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CALCULATION AND GRAPHIC WORK
TEXT DESIGN
Settlement and graphic work is drawn up in accordance with the ESKD, introduced on July 1, 1996, and is performed on standard white A4 paper on one side in one of the following ways:
handwritten - in drawing font according to GOST 2.304 with the height of letters and numbers not less than 2.5 mm. Numbers and letters must be written clearly with a blue or black ballpoint (gel) pen;
using printing and graphic computer output devices, in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2.004.
Each sheet of RGR is decorated with a frame (on the left - 20 mm, on the other three sides - 5 mm), made using one of the above recommended methods.
The text of the RGR must be placed in accordance with the following requirements:
the distance from the form frame to the text boundaries at the beginning and end of the lines must be at least 3 mm;
the distance from the top or bottom line of text to the top or bottom frame must be at least 10 mm;
paragraphs in the text begin with an indent equal to 5 typewriter strokes (15–17 mm);
the distance between headings and text when formatting text material by machine should be equal to 3 or 4 intervals, and when formatting by hand - 15 mm;
the distance between section and subsection headings (if there is no text) should be the same as between lines of text - 2 spaces, and when handwritten - 8 mm;
the distance between the text and the subsequent heading should be 3–5 intervals (15–30 mm).
The text of the explanatory note on the computer must be written in Times New Roman font size 14 pt.
Indices present in the symbol designation must be written in a 10 pt font.
Typos, clerical errors and graphic inaccuracies discovered during the execution of the document may be corrected by erasing or painting over with white paint (corrector) and applying the corrected text in the same place in blue or black ink, handwritten. Their number can be no more than 5% of the amount of information on the sheet.
The RGR should include:
title page;
task to complete the work (drawn up in accordance with the code);
sections representing tasks in accordance with the assignment;
list of references used;
Title page is the first sheet of the document - an explanatory note. It is performed on A4 sheets in accordance with GOST 2.301, the form of which is given in Appendix A.
Exercise on the RGR is compiled on an A4 sheet in accordance with the received code.
When preparing the RGR, we must not forget that the title page, task and content are included in the total number of its sheets. Sheet numbers are not indicated on the title page and assignment sheets. Numbering begins on the contents sheet. The final number of sheets of the RGR is entered in column 5 of the main inscription, located on the first sheet of contents, made in accordance with GOST 2.104-68, while the numbering of the pages of the note must be continuous (numbering of the title page and assignment is implied).
IN list literature All sources used are included in alphabetical order. In accordance with GOST 7.1-84, the list contains: source number (Arabic numeral), its full name and output data.
The explanatory note must be bound together.
The text of the work is written in the third person in the indicative mood or in an indefinite form, for example, “the chains are counting.” In the explanatory note of the RGR it is not allowed to use:
– abbreviations of words, except those established by spelling rules, relevant state standards, and also in this document;
– abbreviation of the designations of SI units, if they are used without numbers, with the exception of SI units in the rows and columns of tables, and in the decoding of letter designations included in formulas and figures.
REGISTRATION OF CALCULATION MATERIALS
When calculating an electrical circuit in formulas, the designations established by the relevant state standards and the International System of Units (SI), including the dimensions of quantities, should be used as symbols. When preparing the RGR, it is necessary to substitute numerical values of quantities into the formulas. The final result is given with an indication of the dimension without intermediate calculations.
Calculations that follow one another and are not separated by text are separated by a semicolon. For example:
Numerical values of quantities in calculations should be indicated with an accuracy level of up to thousandths.
DESIGN OF GRAPHIC MATERIALS
The text part of the calculation and graphic work is supplemented with diagrams sufficient for explanation. The diagrams are located at the beginning of each new electrical circuit calculation. The construction of diagrams is carried out using drawing accessories, in accordance with the requirements of GOST.
Schemes should be numbered with Arabic numerals and continuous numbering. For example, Figure 1 – Design diagram of an electrical circuit.
The diagrams in the text are placed in such a way that they can be viewed without turning the sheet or turning it clockwise.
Diagrams are constructed on graph paper using drawing supplies.
The values of variable quantities in the diagrams are shown in the form of scales on an arbitrary scale accepted for construction and are distinguished by dividing strokes on the axes or coordinate grid. In this case, the dimension is indicated between the last and penultimate values of the quantity.
It is rational to choose the scales along the coordinate axes of the graphs so that the curves depicted on them sufficiently fill the graph field.
Inscriptions and designations on diagrams, diagrams, title pages of calculation and graphic works are carried out in drawing font in accordance with GOST 2.304-81.
The forms of the main inscriptions are developed on the basis of GOST 2.104-68 and GOST 21.103-78. Only those graphs that are never executed are removed. The inscriptions of individual columns have been slightly changed.
The form of the main inscription presented in Figure 1 shows the form of the inscription for the first sheet of the explanatory note, and in Figure 2 - for the second and subsequent sheets of the note.
In the columns of the main inscriptions indicate:
in column 1 – name of the product or document. In the title block of the first sheet, in column 1, you should write the title of the work. For example: RGR in the discipline "Electrical engineering and fundamentals of electronics".
in column 2 - designation of the document. In the title block of the first sheet in column 2 you should write “ MV - 21 111 RGR No. 1" This designation contains the following information: MV - 21 – training group; 111 – student assignment code; RGR – type of work performed (RGR – calculation and graphic work); No. 1 – number of calculation and graphic work;
in column 3 - designation of the design stage: U– educational work (calculation and graphic).
in column 4 - the serial number of the sheet;
in column 5 - the total number of sheets (the column is filled out only on the first sheet);
in column 6 – abbreviated name of the organization (university and department);
in the lines of column 7 indicate: completed, checked;
in the lines of column 8 - the names of the persons who signed the document;
in the lines of column 9 - signatures of persons whose surnames are indicated in column 8;
Figure 1 – Sample 40 mm frame.
Figure 2 – Sample 15 mm frame.
Figure 3 – Sample title page design
Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus
Educational institution
"BELARUSIAN STATE
UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT""
Department of Electrical Engineering
CALCULATION AND GRAPHIC WORK
by discipline
"Electrical engineering and power supply"
Completed Checked
student of group SP-21 assistant
Ivanov I.I. Gatalskaya I. A.
The explanatory note is drawn up on standard A4 sheets.
RULES FOR FORMATING AN EXPLANATORY NOTE
1. General requirements
Page fields:
left margin – 20…30 mm;
right margin - 10 mm;
top margin - 20 mm;
bottom margin - 15 mm.
Font and Paragraph Options for body text:
font name - Times New Roman;
font size - 14;
line spacing – one and a half;
alignment - width;
The first line indent is 1.27 cm.
2. Page numbering
Page numbering must be continuous. Page numbers are placed at the top center of the page. The first page is the title page, which is not numbered. Font size - 12.
3. Headings
Each new chapter of the document begins on a new page. The same rule applies to other main structural parts of the work: introduction, conclusion, bibliography, appendices.
IN It is recommended to use headings of different levels in the text (chapter, chapter section, subsection), no more than three levels. Their appearance is set automatically and predetermined by the appropriate style. For thematic headings, you must enter numbering; headings of general structural parts (introduction, conclusion, bibliography, appendices) are NOT NUMBED.
IN There is no period at the end of the title. Underlining and hyphenating words in the title is not allowed.
Headings of chapters, sections, and subsections are separated from the text above and below by additional spacing.
4. Illustrations
All illustrations (drawings, photographs, diagrams, drawings, etc.) are called drawings. Drawings are numbered sequentially within a section Arabic numerals. The figure number consists of the section number and the serial number of the figure in the section. Next is the name of the picture. Each figure can have explanatory text, which is located in the caption.
It is recommended to place pictures on separate pages immediately after reference to them in the text so that they can be conveniently viewed without rotating the note or turning it clockwise. If the size is small, it is allowed to place two or more pictures on the page.
An example of the design of the drawing is given in Appendix 1.
5. Tables
Tables are numbered in within the section Arabic numerals. Above the upper right corner of the table is the inscription ‘Table’ indicating the number. If the table is the only one in the note, it is not numbered.
The table name is placed in the center of the table below the numbered line and begins with a capital letter.
The table is placed after the first mention of it in the text. A table with a large number of lines can be moved to the next page, while in the upper right corner the inscription ‘Continuation of the table’ is placed indicating the number.
An example of table design is given in Appendix 2.
6. Formulas
Formulas are numbered within a section using Arabic numerals. The numbers are placed in parentheses at the right edge of the page in the continuation of the formula line.
If the formula requires deciphering the letter designations of quantities (explication), then a comma is placed after the formula, then the word 'where' is written on a new line (without a colon after it), followed by the designation of the first quantity and its decoding, each subsequent designation with decoding is written with a new one lines or in one line, transcripts are separated from each other by a semicolon. The letter designations of the right and left parts of the formula are deciphered.
sai, |
where a i is the i-th element of the array; n – number of array elements.
7. Bibliography
IN In the bibliography, sources are indicated in random order. Information about the book includes the author's surname and initials, title
books, place of publication, publisher and year of publication, volume in pages. Information about an article from a periodical includes last name and
Internet source information includes the Internet address and subject of the information from that source.
Vakhrin, P. Methodology for the preparation and procedure for defending theses in financial and economic specialties: Textbook / P. Vakhrin. - M.: Marketing, 2000. - 135 p.
Tyagunov, S. I. Logic as the art of thinking: Textbook. allowance / S. I. Tyagunov. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 2000. - 107 p.
Mokalskaya, M.L. Self-instruction manual on accounting: Managers, entrepreneurs, shareholders, accountants, students, students of accounting courses / M.L. Mokalskaya, A.Yu. Denisov. - M.: Finance and Statistics, 1993. - 245 p.
Bulatov, A.S. Economics: Textbook. for universities / A.S. Bulatov, I.I. Bolshakova, V.V. Vinogradov; Ed. A.S. Bulatova. - M.: Yurist, 1999. - 894 p.
Eckhouse, R.H. Minicomputer systems. Organization, programming and application / R.H. Eckhouse, H.R. Morris. - New York, 1999. - 491 p.
Production management / S.D. Ilyenkova, A.V. Bandurin, G.A. Gorbovtsov; Ed. S.D. Ilyenkova. - M.: UNITY, 2000. - 583 p.
4. Description of collections
St. Petersburg in numbers, 1999 / St. Petersburg. com. state statistics. - St. Petersburg: Petersburgkomstat, 1999. - 21 p.
Problems of economic development: Sat. scientific tr. / St. Petersburg state University of Economics and Finance. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Economics, 1998. - 105 p.
5. Description of articles from newspapers, magazines and collections
Fedorov, V.N. Control of electric drives of forging and pressing equipment/V.N. Fedorov // Sat. scientific tr. Institute/VoSTU. T. 1. - Vologda, 1997. - P. 65-72.
Zinenko, V.I. Nature conservation in the city / V.I. Zinenko // Knowledge is power. - 2002 .- No. 3. - P. 6-14.
Senatorov, A. Japan: coalition choice of liberal democrats / A. Senatorov, I. Tsvetov // Problems of the Far East. - 2000. - No. 1. - P.30-
Balabanov, I.T. Analysis of calculation of product profitability / I.T.Balabanov, V.N. Stepanov, E.V. Eischbitz // Accounting. - 1996. - No. 3. - P.30-34.
Investment bank: the modest charm of the big bourgeoisie / D. Grishankov, S. Lokotkova, D. Sivakov and others // Expert. - 1996. - No. 14. - P. 4052.
Insurance organizations in the USA // Insurance business. - 1996. - No. 4. - P.49-56.
6. Description of regulations
ABOUT state forensic activity in the Russian Federation: Federal Law of May 31, 2001 N 73-F3 // Gazette of the Federal Collection of the Russian Federation. - 2001. - N 17. - P. 11-28.
ABOUT Some issues of the Federal Tax Police: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated February 25, 2000 No. 433 // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. - 2000.
- No. 9. - Art. 1024.
ABOUT fight against international terrorism: State Decree. Federal Duma. 20 Sep. 2001 N 1865 // Collection. Russian legislation Federation. - 2001. - N 40. - S. 8541-8543.
GOST 12.1.003-76. Noise. General safety requirements - Instead of GOST 12.1.003-68; Enter. 01/01/77. - M.: Publishing house of standards, 1982. - 9 p.
Building codes and regulations: Aluminum structures: SNiP 2.03.06-85 /Gosstroy of the USSR. Enter. 01/01/87. - M., 2001. - 47 p.
investment process: Dis. Ph.D. econ. Sciences: 05.13.10 / G. V. Danilov. St. Petersburg state University of Economics and Finance. -SPb., 1999. - 138s.
Danilov, G.V. Regulation of interactions between subjects of the investment process: Author's abstract. dis. Ph.D. econ. Sciences: 05.13.10/G.V.Danilov. St. Petersburg state University of Economics and Finance. - St. Petersburg,
Vikulina, T.D. Transformation of population income and their state regulation in a transition economy / T.D. Vikulina, S.V. Dneprova; S.-Petersburg state University of Economics and Finance. - St. Petersburg, 1998. - 214 p. - Dep. In INION RAS 06.10.98, N 53913.
8. Optical disks and floppy disks, other local access resources
Internet step by step: Textbook.-Electron. Dan. and program - St. Petersburg: PiterKom, 1997. - 1 electron. wholesale disk (CD-ROM).
Tsvetkov, V.Ya. Computer graphics: working program / V.Ya. Tsvetkov.-M.:MIIGAiK, 1999.-1 floppy disk.
9. When using Internet resources, remember that the description of the electronic resource must include a detailed electronic
Sidyganov, V.U. Model of Moscow: electronic map of Moscow and Moscow region / V.U. Sidyganov, S.Yu. Tolmachev, Yu.E. Tsygankov.- M.:
FORMOZA, 1998.- Access mode: http//formoza.mip.ru
8. Applications
An appendix is a part of an explanatory note that has reference value. The form and content of the application are determined by the author. The application is located at the end of the explanatory note. If there is more than one application, then they form a section with the heading ‘Applications’, in which each application is numbered in order in Arabic numerals. It is recommended to give the application a thematic title.
Annex 1
Example of drawing design
Fig.1.1. General view of the installation
Appendix 2
Example of table design
Table 2.1 |
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In all physico-mathematical, engineering, design and economic specialties, students one or more times encounter this type of educational activity such as performing calculation and graphic work (CGW). What is its essence and why is it performed?
Main goals of the RGR
Typically, RGR is a separate course work, but can also be part of a larger diploma project. Completing such an assignment allows the student to demonstrate the ability to apply the acquired theoretical knowledge for practical purposes. Based on theory and mathematical calculations, the assigned practical task is implemented.
In the engineering design discipline, this can be a drawing of a specific part, the optimal dimensions or strength parameters of which were calculated in the design part. In the economic discipline, optimal management, marketing, and audit strategies can be calculated, on the basis of which corresponding graphs, diagrams, and indicative graphic objects are created.
Features of performing calculation and graphic work
When performing RGR, the most important thing is to follow the methodological recommendations offered to students in a particular discipline. It is in them that the ways to solve the problem posed are determined, and the substantive structure according to which the work is carried out is determined.
RGR structure
When performing such a task independently, the most important thing is to approach the work systematically. To do this, you need to understand what functions each structural element of the upcoming work performs. The generally accepted parts of the RGR are the following.
Introduction and theoretical part
Here the student needs to show that he knows in general terms the object and subject of his research, and also knows the basic methods of analysis and calculations. This part is quite simple to complete, because all the necessary information can be gleaned from the relevant textbooks, guidelines and notes.
Calculations and graphic part
Great difficulties arise when performing the calculation and graphical components of the work. It is the calculations that show how capable a student is of putting theoretical knowledge into practice. Drawing up drawings, tables, graphs and diagrams will require the ability to use the necessary software.
Analytical part and conclusions
And finally, having completed the calculations and generated the graphical part, you still have to draw analytical conclusions from the results obtained. Such conclusions can have a very different nature. For example, principles for improving any part of the device being studied can be formulated. In economic disciplines, key trends that determine the dynamics of the activities of a particular economic entity are usually analyzed.
The final part of the work is a properly formatted list of references used.
The main difficulties in performing RGR
If calculation and graphic work studies the problems that your future profession will be devoted to, then it is better to suffer, figure it out and do it yourself. Most often, this requires ordinary perseverance and attentiveness.
However, it also happens that RGR does not greatly influence the student’s future professional competencies. This situation occurs especially often in economic specialties. And problems with its implementation can be very different:
- difficulties understanding the theory;
- inability to carry out complex mathematical calculations;
- inability to use special graphic editors and programs;
- unclear methodological recommendations.
If it is really difficult for you to complete such work, it is advisable to contact specialists who can be found on the site.
How to order RGR on the website
In order for the work to be completed as quickly and correctly as possible, it is necessary to provide the following materials when placing an order:
- full text of the task;
- guidelines;
- bibliography, if specific sources are required;
- your version of the task.
On the site you will find experienced performers who will not only complete the work fully, but also provide all the necessary explanations if something is not clear to you.