“A PERSON’S SPEECH CULTURE IS A MIRROR OF HIS SPIRITUAL LIFE”
Municipal educational institution
"Secondary school No. 31",
Komsomolsk-on-Amur
The article reveals the primary importance of language culture in the spiritual and moral development and education of students. Familiarity with the original cultural values of the peoples inhabiting Russia contributes to the formation of not only moral values, but also to the development of students’ linguistic culture.
Spiritual and moral development, linguistic culture.
The spiritual and moral development and education of students is the primary task of the modern educational system and represents an important component of the social order for education. Education plays a key role in the spiritual and moral consolidation of Russian society. “The native land, its history,” wrote academician Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev, “is the basis on which alone the growth of the spiritual culture of the entire society can take place.” Society is only able to set and solve large-scale national problems when it has a common system of moral guidelines. And there are these guidelines where they preserve respect for the original culture and original cultural values, for the memory of their ancestors, for every page of our national history, for the native language. Back in the 12th century, Prince Vladimir Monomakh compiled and called “Teachings” the first written rules of behavior, which in particular said: “Do not pass by a person without greeting him, but say a kind word to everyone when you meet...”.
“Language is the soul of the people. Language is living flesh... feelings, thoughts.” These words belong to the great poet-educator, reformer of the Kazakh language Abai. And the Russian poet Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky defined the role of language in the spiritual life of the people:
Language is the confession of the people,
His nature is heard in him,
His soul and life are dear...
Language is an integral part of the general culture of a people. Speech serves as a vivid and, as a rule, unmistakable characteristic of the cultural and spiritual level of everyone. Students unmistakably confirm what has been said about language with proverbs: The tongue feeds the head. Without a tongue and the bell is mute. A lame word is a lame speech. He who speaks sows; He who listens collects. A word hits like an arrow.
“The language of a people is the best, never fading and ever-blooming flower of its entire spiritual life... The entire people and their entire homeland are spiritualized in the language; in it the creative power of the people's spirit transforms into thought, into picture and sound the sky of the motherland, its air..., its fields, mountains and valleys... But in the bright, transparent depths of the people's language not only the nature of the native country is reflected, but also the entire history of the spiritual life of the people “- these words belong to Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky. Let's read the statement of Erasmus of Rotterdam, a Renaissance humanist, theologian, and Dutch writer: “Language is the best mediator for establishing friendship and harmony.” And here are the words of the great Leo Tolstoy: “The word is a great thing. Great, because with a word you can unite people, with a word you can separate them... Beware of such a word that separates people.” “What do you think all these sayings of great people have in common? What irrefutable conclusion does the wisdom accumulated over centuries by the best minds of mankind lead us to?” - I ask these questions to my students. All the answers boil down to one thing: at all times, language has been considered the most important spiritual treasure of any people.
The nature of the country and the history of the people, reflected in the human soul, were expressed in words. The man disappeared, but the word he created remained an immortal and inexhaustible treasury of the folk language...
Language is both old and eternally new!
Words can prevent death
Words can bring the dead to life...
Language is the most living, most abundant and lasting connection, connecting the outdated, living and future generations of a people into one great, historical, living whole. Working on proverbs and sayings, I offer the 6th grade the following task: to draw a portrait of the people, but not with paints, but with proverbs, that is, indicate which qualities are valued by the people and which are condemned. Introducing Kazakh proverbs to classmates: a diamond blade is a comrade in war, a kind word is a comrade in both war and feast; kindness comes from the heart, meanness comes from strength; Table poverty redeems souls with generosity - students note the kindness, nobility, and spiritual generosity of the Kazakh people. Azerbaijanis teach to be hospitable, to treat children with kindness, to have spiritual purity: a house without a guest is a mill without water; the desire of the child is stronger than the order of the padishah; all a person’s troubles come from his tongue; a friend looks in the face, and an enemy looks at his feet. Ingush and Kyrgyz proverbs call for respect for elders: a house in which there are old people is a rich house; If you honor your father and mother, you will receive honor from your son. The Tatars talk about the importance of patience and kindness: the bottom of patience is pure gold; the precious stone does not lie on the ground; there is a soul - there is hope. Each nation speaks its own language, but the wisdom is the same - we come to this conclusion at the end of the conversation.
Active activities in 5th grade: “Heart words”, “Honest words”, “We are friends with kind words”, “Give a good deed and a good word”, “We know how to communicate” - gave the opportunity to talk about the tradition of a kind word. The students talked about how many kind words bequeathed to us by our ancestors can heal and reconcile, console and warm, instruct and save. The children with great pride named the words that their parents tell them, noting their significance - they give a person confidence and calm their conscience. The word in everyday life has its own rules. Our contemporary, Moscow priest Father Artemy Vladimirov, wrote very accurately about them in the book “Textbook of Life”.
“Rule one: think what you say. In other words, weigh in your mind the word that is on the tip of your tongue. Think carefully, and then just speak. And sometimes you won't regret it.
Rule two: don't say what you don't mean. Don't be deceitful, don't be deceitful. It is better to remain silent than to tell a lie.
Rule three: don’t say everything you think. This rule advises correctly assessing the interlocutor and his state of mind. Will what you have to say benefit him? Does he need to hear your opinion on this issue? Won't you give away someone else's secret with your careless word? In a word, don’t say everything you think.”
When studying the works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in the 8th grade, students successfully explored the spiritual sources of inspiration of the poet, and also, using examples from the works of the great poet, were able to prove that Alexander Sergeevich mastered the Russian language as a unique instrument. The legacy of the Genius teaches schoolchildren correct Russian speech (both oral and written), promotes the manifestation of its bright expressiveness, replenishes the vocabulary, making the student more confident when communicating with adults, instills a taste for good correct speech, because a person’s speech culture is a mirror of his spiritual life.
“Take care of our language! Our beautiful Russian language!.. It is impossible to believe that such a language was not given to a great people!” - this is the testament of the brilliant expert on the Russian language, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. The writer seemed to have foreseen our time, when the issue of preserving the Russian language is acquiring such a large-scale character. The younger generation is already finding it difficult to perceive the works of the classics of Russian literature, blurring the line between Akunin and Chekhov, Dontsova and Pushkin. That is why writers and poets, publicists and linguists in their works not only call for purity of speech, but also give practical advice to their readers. 10th grade students share their thoughts on how the article “Thoughts on Words” says that it is necessary to protect the language from clogging, to remember that the words we now use will serve for many centuries after us to express ideas and thoughts still unknown to us , to create new poetic creations beyond our prediction. The famous “Letters to Youth” by Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev deserve special admiration. Tenth graders share their impressions. A Russian literary critic speaks with deep pain about the Russian language, noting that people do not monitor the purity of their speech and litter it with unnecessary words. And language, according to the academician, unites the people, the nation. “...You need to learn to speak and write all the time. Language is the most expressive thing a person has, and if he stops paying attention to his language and begins to think that he has already mastered it sufficiently, he will begin to retreat. You must constantly monitor your language – oral and written.” Thus, our language is a critical part of not only our behavior, but also our personality, our soul and mind.
“Once a certain noble person visited the monastery and found that its inhabitants lived very poorly, denying themselves even the necessary things. The noble visitor spoke with regret about this in a conversation with the abbess and offered a large donation to improve the material life of the sisters. But the abbess objected:
The sisters of this monastery, thank God, do not need your treasures, since each of them has enough treasures of their own.
Where are these treasures?
They keep these treasures in their hearts.
The visitor thought for a moment and then asked:
What is the most valuable treasure of the sisters of your monastery?
The abbess answered, also thinking:
Every person’s most precious treasure is the gift of speech. This is the imprint of divinity; this is a sign that the one who has this gift is not an earthly being, but a heavenly one.
But I noticed that nuns use this gift very little.
Yes,” continued Elizabeth, “because it is a treasure.” Tell me, what would happen to your wealth if you began to indiscriminately and thoughtlessly scatter it left and right? What would happen to your expensive dress, which you began to wear carelessly and carelessly to every job and in every weather? So is the gift of speech. If we use it carelessly and unreasonably, it will soon lose its meaning and all meaning. On the contrary, when each pearl is taken out of the treasury with due attention and care, and when these pearls, these beads are distributed to the needy with proper prudence, then this treasure is of great importance and never runs out.”
Bibliography:
1. My language is my friend: Materials for extracurricular work in the Russian language: A manual for teachers. – M.: Education, 1988
2. Origins. Textbook for 4th grade of general education institutions, 2nd edition, 2014.
3. "Letters to Youth".
4. “And accept the challenge... Separation from your native word is tantamount to separation from history.” Literary newspaper. – 2007.- No. 24
Composition
I believe that without respect, without love for one’s native word, there can be neither spiritual culture nor a culture of speech. It testifies to the general development of the individual, the degree of his involvement in the spiritual riches of his native people and the heritage of all humanity. I can say with confidence that the basis of linguistic culture is literacy, that is, compliance with generally accepted literary norms in the use of lexical, phonetic, morphological, syntactic and stylistic means of language.
In addition, I am convinced that speech should not only be correct, but also lexically rich and syntactically diverse. To achieve this, you need to listen to living speech, use dictionaries, thoughtfully read political, artistic, and scientific literature, while paying attention to the use of individual words, especially successful statements, and the construction of sentences. I believe that you need to actively develop your speech and learn to express your own thoughts orally and in writing, correct yourself, correctly structure and rearrange what is said, look for the best and most necessary options for expression. I do not agree with the author’s presentation of thoughts in everything. After all, the linguistic illiteracy of translation should be considered not only in relation to the Russian language, but also to other languages. It is sad to admit that the only constant component of the behavior of millions of people in our country can be called the “common fund” culture. Imperceptibly, prison slang has now entered the language of teenagers and students, which in itself is not such an innocent phenomenon. Unfortunately, it has already become common knowledge in the media, in the speeches of deputies and high officials, and is included in families and households, work groups and parties. This worries me the most. And who should take care of the real revival of the Ukrainian language, if not the state?
I think that now only we can preserve those spiritual treasures that we inherited from previous generations, and pass them on to our descendants, without interrupting the code of the nation, which determines its identity and originality. And no matter what threatening processes occur with our language, I do not believe that they are irreversible. As linguists note, one of the essential indicators of human nobility is the culture of speech - not only a linguistic concept, but also a pedagogical, psychological, aesthetic and ethical concept.
Of particular importance is the tone of the conversation, the ability to listen to another, and support the topic in a timely and appropriate manner. Politeness and attentiveness are the basic requirements of language etiquette. A polite greeting, a noble handshake, a relaxed, unobtrusive conversation is a win-win situation. Backbiting, hypocrisy, inability to listen to the interlocutor, on the contrary, only causes nervousness and spoils the mood...
We can talk a lot about the magic of words and the culture of speech. But these concepts, these strange things are as old as the people themselves. Let’s say that related appeals also deserve a separate discussion. Traditionally, in Ukraine, children called their parents “you,” which was dictated by high respect for the people closest to them. Many verbal greetings have entered our daily life, but our ancestors were more careful with them and in each case did not use the entire arsenal. In the morning, lunchtime or evening, only those that corresponded to a certain time were consumed. The same applied to the number of persons, their age, gender, even social class. For example, when a loner greeted several people, he certainly used the plural form: “Hello!” or “Good health to you!” There is also a short but surprisingly warm word “thank you” in our language. How often do we give it to others? Unfortunately no.
The best forms of greetings and addresses for everyday communication, cultivated over centuries and fixed in everyday life, are not an ordinary human whim and, even more so, not empty phrases. This is our everyday etiquette, our culture, relationships, and, ultimately, our health - physical and spiritual. This is our way of life...
But what about us, the younger generation, who are entering independent life at the beginning of the third millennium? In the chaos of bad manners and lack of culture, including language. In a world dominated by ignorance, rudeness, callousness. And how annoying it is - in a world where many of my peers grow up to be stingy with affection and a warm word, shy away from the richness of their native language, being content with Surzhik, other people’s words, forgetting to politely say hello and sincerely thank. Which exit? We need to learn ourselves and teach others, since “...without respect, without love for the native word, there can be neither comprehensive human education nor spiritual culture” (Vasily Sukhomlinsky).
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“Language is a mirror of human culture”
Each of us learns about the world: some find it more difficult, others find it easier, some grow up faster, others slower. But in any case, none of us can do without our native language, without the simplest words and expressions.
There are many different languages in the world, as there are many nationalities. Every people of the world has its own language. Russians have a great and powerful Russian language. The British have English. In Ukraine they speak Ukrainian. There are also languages: Arabic, German, Spanish, French. There are different languages, but different peoples of the world have their own native language. For me, my native language is Udmurt. I am proud of this because I live in Udmurtia.
Language is a whole world. From early childhood we learn about the world. At first only out of curiosity, and then out of necessity, to find my place in it. Every person faces some kind of problem in his or her life. Any problem must first of all be formulated in words. The ability to correctly express your thoughts in words is not an easy task. Even in ordinary conversation, the speaker must be able to express his thought in such a way that the listener understands it accordingly. A poorly expressed thought is not only an inability to speak, but also an inability to think. Therefore, we can say that language is the culture of speech.
Language, as a culture of speech, occupies the most important place in human activity, making it possible to study science, morals and customs, and engage in politics and art. A person with a culture of speech is a person who knows how to express his thoughts clearly and clearly. A person’s proficiency in speech culture is an indicator not only of a high level of intellectual and spiritual development, but also an indicator of professional suitability for people of various professions. Speech culture is important for everyone who, by the nature of their work, is connected with people, teaches, educates, and conducts business negotiations. language culture spiritual
A lot depends on what a person says. If a person knows how to express his thoughts, then it is much easier for him to communicate with others. When a person speaks competently, it is much more interesting to communicate with him. Speech culture shows how educated a person is. Nowadays, very often people use obscene language, they want to earn authority by doing this, and do not notice how ugly it is.
Every person must master the art of communication, since success in the personal and professional spheres of life depends on his level of communication.
So, language is a mirror of human culture. The word culture most often refers to the level of human development. Culture can also mean the degree of spiritual development of a person and the level of his upbringing. A person should also develop spiritual culture, instill a love of beauty, visit museums more often and simply look at beautiful things.
Very often they say about a person that he is cultured or vice versa. Each person evaluates the other in his own way, based on his own understanding of the concept of culture. In my opinion, a cultured person is a person who adheres to generally accepted standards of behavior: polite, punctual, sensitive, ready to help, modest, humane. Modesty helps protect yourself and others from arrogance and injustice. At the same time, it is impossible to imagine culture without the ability to communicate and adhere to ethical standards. Also, a person should not forget about observing the rules of behavior, since he lives among people. This, of course, needs to be learned throughout your life.
First of all, I believe that the main criteria of a cultured person include knowledge of their native language. After all, without respect, without love for one’s native word, there can be neither spiritual culture nor a culture of speech.
And in conclusion, I want to say that I love and respect my parents very much. Because they gave me life, shaped me as a person, taught me to believe in God and adhere to our customs and traditions, preserve our culture. But I still have many steps to overcome to become a cultured person. I still need to learn a lot to become a cultured person.
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Past participles are formed from the stem of the infinitive of the verb (or the stem of the past tense verb) using suffixes. How are past participles formed? Repeat! Build - t, barking - l Tell - t, calculate - split - l Active past participles N - r: built, barked Passive past participles N - r: narrated, calculated, split - VSH -, - Sh - - NN -, - T - If on – IT, then – ENN -
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Find single participles, participial phrases and a defined noun, and underline them as parts of the sentence. And the best of the best comes to my mind: a ray of sunshine penetrating through the needles to... the keys, a young blade of grass protruding between the slabs of the same (n, nn) s... sl..zinka. (N. Aseev) What task? NOUN, / PARTICIPLE + DEPENDENT WORDS/, ……
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Correct the mistakes! Correct the mistakes! Find expressions of a phraseological nature, indicate how stylistically justified their use is in the context. After the unsuccessful end of the celebration, the artistic director of the program explained that this holiday was brought down from above. Sometimes workers come to see the director and start downloading their licenses. Answering questions about the reasons for leaving her post, the minister said: “I wanted to feel that what I was doing was not a monkey’s work.”
“A person’s speech culture is a mirror of his spiritual culture.”
Speech culture is mastery of language norms in pronunciation, stress, word usage, the ability to construct a text, as well as the ability to use expressive means of language in different communication conditions in accordance with the purpose and content of speech. To be able to express your thoughts clearly and clearly, in compliance with all the rules of pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, means to be well understood by everyone who speaks Russian.
Language is a mirror of culture, it reflects not only the real world surrounding a person, not only the real conditions of his life, but also the social consciousness of the people, their mentality, national character, way of life, traditions, customs, morality, value system, attitude, vision peace.
A person always needs speech, at every step, in every matter; it is the most subtle means of expressing thoughts and communication between people.
How often do we think about simple questions: “How do we speak?”, “Do we make mistakes in our speech?”
Unfortunately, we have to admit that the literacy rate of the population is decreasing every year. At the same time, Russia took first place in the world in the number of people with higher education aged 25 to 64 years in the ranking of countries given in the report of the International Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development entitled “Education at a Glance 2012”. According to these data, highly educated Russians make up 54%. But why then do we hear illiterate speech from the lips of deputies, journalists, TV and radio presenters, etc., and on the pages of newspapers and magazines we read sentences with speech and grammatical errors? Amazing! Is not it?
“The sure way to know a person, his moral character, his character, is to listen to what he says.” Speech is an indicator of a person’s intelligence, erudition, and internal culture.
You can tell very little about a person by their appearance, and a lot from their communication. Therefore, you need to work, you need to devote a lot of time to improving your speech: increasing your vocabulary, using artistic and visual means of the language, mastering the grammatical and morphological norms of the language. You need to love your language!
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