Differences in shoulder straps in the army. Shoulder straps for privates and sergeants

Every detail of a military uniform is endowed with a practical meaning and did not appear on it by chance, but as a result of certain events. We can say that elements of military uniforms have both historical symbolism and utilitarian purpose.

The appearance and development of shoulder straps in the Russian Empire

The opinion that shoulder straps come from a part of knight's armor, designed to protect the shoulders from blows, is one of the most common misconceptions. A simple study of armor and army uniforms of the past, from the second half of the 12th century to the end of the 17th century, allows us to conclude that nothing like this existed in any army in the world. In Rus', even the strictly regulated uniform of the archers did not have anything similar to protect the shoulders.

Shoulder straps of the Russian army were first introduced by Emperor Peter I in the period between 1683-1698 and had a purely utilitarian meaning. Soldiers of the grenadier regiments and fusiliers used them as an additional mount for backpacks or cartridge bags. Naturally, shoulder straps were worn exclusively by soldiers, and only on the left shoulder.

However, after 30 years, as the branches of troops increase, this element spreads throughout the troops, serving in one or another regiment. In 1762, this function was officially assigned to shoulder straps, beginning to decorate officers’ uniforms with them. At that time, it was impossible to find a universal model of shoulder straps in the army of the Russian Empire. The commander of each regiment could independently determine its type of weaving, length and width. Often wealthy officers from prominent aristocratic families wore the regimental insignia in a more luxurious version - with gold and precious stones. Nowadays, shoulder straps of the Russian army (pictures below) are a coveted item for collectors of military uniforms.

During the reign of Emperor Alexander I, shoulder straps took on the appearance of a fabric flap with clear regulation of color, fastenings and decor, depending on the number of the regiment in the division. Officers' shoulder straps differ from soldiers' shoulder straps only by being trimmed with gold cord (galloon) along the edge. When the knapsack was introduced in 1803, there were two of them - one on each shoulder.

After 1854, not only uniforms, but also cloaks and overcoats began to be decorated. Thus, the role of “determiner of ranks” is forever assigned to the shoulder straps. By the end of the 19th century, soldiers began to use a duffel bag instead of a backpack, and additional shoulder straps were no longer required. Shoulder straps are removed from the fastenings in the form of buttons and are tightly sewn into the fabric.

After the collapse of the Russian Empire, and with it the tsarist army, shoulder straps and epaulettes disappeared from military uniforms for several decades, recognized as a symbol of “inequality of workers and exploiters.”

Shoulder straps in the Red Army from 1919 to 1943

The USSR sought to get rid of the “remnants of imperialism,” which also included the ranks and shoulder straps of the Russian (tsarist) army. On December 16, 1917, by the decrees of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars "On the elective principle and organization of power in the army" and "On the equalization of rights of all military personnel", all previously existing army ranks and insignia were abolished. And on January 15, 1918, the country's leadership adopted a decree on the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA).

For some time, a strange mixture of military symbols was in effect in the army of the new country. For example, insignia are known in the form of armbands of red (revolutionary) color with the inscription of the position, stripes of a similar tone on the sleeves of a tunic or overcoat, metal or cloth stars of different sizes on the headdress or chest.

Since 1924, in the Red Army it was proposed to recognize the ranks of military personnel by the buttonholes on the collar of the tunic. The color of the field and border was determined by the type of troops, and the gradation was extensive. For example, infantry wore crimson buttonholes with a black frame, cavalry wore blue and black, signalmen wore black and yellow, etc.

The buttonholes of the highest commanders of the Red Army (generals) had the color of the field according to the branch of service and were trimmed along the edge with a narrow golden cord.

In the field of the buttonholes there were copper figures of various shapes covered with red enamel, allowing one to determine the rank of the commander of the Red Army:

• Privates and junior command staff are triangles with a side of 1 cm. They appeared only in 1941. And before that, military personnel of these ranks wore “empty” buttonholes.
• The average command structure is squares measuring 1 x 1 cm. In everyday use, they were more often called “cubes” or “cubes”.
• Senior command staff - rectangles with sides 1.6 x 0.7 cm, called "sleepers".
• Higher command staff - rhombuses 1.7 cm high and 0.8 cm wide. Additional insignia for commanders of these ranks were chevrons made of gold braid on the sleeves of uniforms. The political composition added to them large stars made of red cloth.
• Marshals of the Soviet Union - 1 large gold star in the buttonholes and on the sleeves.

The number of characters varied from 1 to 4 - the more, the higher the rank of the commander.

The system of designating ranks in the Red Army was often subject to changes, which greatly confused the situation. Often, due to supply shortages, military personnel wore outdated or even homemade badges for months. However, the buttonhole system left its mark on the history of military uniforms. In particular, shoulder straps in the Soviet army retained the colors according to the types of troops.

Thanks to the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 6, 1943 and the Order of the People's Commissar of Defense No. 25 of January 15, 1943, shoulder straps and ranks returned to the lives of military personnel. These insignia will last until the collapse of the USSR. The colors of the field and edging, the shape and location of the stripes will change, but in general the system will remain unchanged, and subsequently shoulder straps of the Russian army will be created according to similar principles.

Military personnel received 2 types of such elements - everyday and field, having a standard width of 6 cm and a length of 14-16 cm, depending on the type of clothing. The shoulder straps of non-combat units (justice, military veterinarians and doctors) were deliberately narrowed to 4.5 cm.

The type of troops was determined by the color of the edging and gaps, as well as a stylized symbol on the lower or middle (for privates and junior personnel) part of the shoulder strap. Their palette is less varied than before 1943, but the basic colors have been preserved.

1. Edging (cord):

• Combined arms (military registration and enlistment offices, military institutions), infantry units, motorized rifles, quartermaster services - crimson.
• Artillery, tank troops, military medics - scarlet.
• Cavalry - blue.
• Aviation - blue.
• Other technical troops - black.

2. Clearances.

• The command (officer) composition is Bordeaux.
• Quartermasters, justice, technical, medical and veterinary services - brown.

They were designated by stars of different diameters - for junior officers 13 mm, for senior officers - 20 mm. Marshals of the Soviet Union received 1 large star.

Shoulder straps for everyday wear had a gold or silver field with embossing, rigidly attached to a hard cloth base. They were also used on dress uniforms, which military personnel wore for special occasions.

Field shoulder straps for all officers were made of silk or khaki linen with edging, gaps and insignia corresponding to the rank. At the same time, their pattern (texture) repeated the pattern on everyday shoulder straps.

From 1943 until the collapse of the USSR, military insignia and uniforms were subject to repeated changes, among which the following are particularly worth noting:

1. As a result of the 1958 reform, officers’ everyday shoulder straps began to be made of dark green cloth. For the insignia of cadets and enlisted personnel, only 3 colors were left: scarlet (combined arms, motorized rifle), blue (aviation, airborne forces), black (all other branches of the military). The gaps of officer's shoulder straps could only be blue or scarlet.

2. Since January 1973, the letters “SA” (Soviet Army) appeared on all types of shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants. Somewhat later, the sailors and foremen of the fleet received the designations “Northern Fleet”, “TF”, “BF” and “Black Sea Fleet” - Northern Fleet, Pacific Fleet, Baltic and Black Sea Fleet, respectively. At the end of the same year, the letter “K” appears among cadets of military educational institutions.

3. The new field uniform, called the “Afghan”, came into use in 1985 and became widespread among military personnel of all branches of the military. Its peculiarity was the shoulder straps, which were an element of the jacket and had the same color as it. Those who wore the "Afghan" sewed stripes and stars onto them, and only generals were given special removable shoulder straps.

Shoulder straps of the Russian army. Main features of the reforms

The USSR ceased to exist in the fall of 1991, and along with it, shoulder straps and ranks disappeared. The creation of the Russian Armed Forces began with Presidential Decree No. 466 of May 7, 1992. However, this act did not in any way describe the shoulder straps of the Russian army. Until 1996, military personnel wore SA insignia. Moreover, confusion and mixing of symbols occurred until the year 2000.

The military uniform of the Russian Federation was almost entirely developed on the basis of the Soviet legacy. However, the reforms of 1994-2000 brought several changes to it:

1. On the shoulder straps of non-commissioned officers (foremen and sailors of the fleet), instead of transverse stripes of braid, metal squares appeared, located with the sharp side up. In addition, naval personnel received a large letter "F" at the bottom of them.

2. Ensigns and midshipmen had shoulder straps similar to those of soldiers, trimmed with colored braid, but without gaps. The long-term struggle of this category of military personnel for the right to officer insignia was devalued in one day.

3. There were almost no changes among the officers - the new shoulder straps developed for them in the Russian army almost completely repeated the Soviet ones. However, their sizes decreased: the width became 5 cm, and the length - 13-15 cm, depending on the type of clothing.

Currently, the ranks and shoulder straps of the Russian army occupy a fairly stable position. The main reforms and unification of insignia have been completed, and in the coming decades the Russian Army does not expect any significant changes in this area.

Shoulder straps for cadets

Students of military (naval) educational institutions are required to wear everyday and field shoulder straps on all types of their uniform. Depending on the clothing (tunics, winter coats and overcoats), they can be sewn on or removable (jackets, demi-season coats and shirts).

Cadet shoulder straps are strips of thick colored cloth, edged with golden braid. On field camouflage of army and aviation schools, the letter “K”, yellow in color and 20 mm high, must be sewn 15 mm from the bottom edge. For other types of educational institutions, the designations are as follows:

• ICC- Naval Cadet Corps.
• QC- Cadet Corps.
• N- Nakhimov School.
• Anchor symbol- Navy cadet.
• SVU- Suvorov School.

On the field of students' shoulder straps there are also metal or sewn squares facing upward at an acute angle. Their thickness and brightness depend on the rank. A sample of shoulder straps with a diagram of the location of insignia, presented below, belongs to a military university cadet with the rank of sergeant.

In addition to shoulder straps, affiliation with military educational institutions and the position of a cadet can be determined by sleeve emblems with a coat of arms symbol, as well as by “course” - coal stripes on the sleeve, the number of which depends on the time of training (one year, two, etc.).

Shoulder straps for privates and sergeants

Privates in the Russian land army are the lowest. In the Navy, it corresponds to the rank of sailor. A soldier who conscientiously serves can become a corporal, and on a ship - a senior sailor. Further, these servicemen are able to advance to the rank of sergeant for the ground forces or petty officer for the Navy.

Representatives of the lower military personnel of the army and navy wear shoulder straps of a similar type, the description of which is as follows:

• The upper part of the insignia has the shape of a trapezoid, within which a button is located.
• The field color of the shoulder straps of the RF Armed Forces is dark green for everyday uniforms and camouflage for field uniforms. Sailors wear black cloth.
• The color of the edging indicates the type of troops: blue for the Airborne Forces and Aviation, and red for all others. The Navy frames its shoulder straps with white cord.
• At the bottom of the everyday shoulder straps, 15 mm from the edge, are the letters “VS” (Armed Forces) or “F” (navy) in golden color. The field workers do without such “excesses”.
• Depending on the rank within the private and sergeant corps, sharp-angled stripes are attached to shoulder straps. The higher the position of the serviceman, the greater their number and thickness. On the shoulder straps of the sergeant major (the highest rank of non-commissioned officers) there is also a troop emblem.

Separately, it is worth mentioning warrant officers and midshipmen, whose precarious position between privates and officers is fully reflected in their insignia. For them, the shoulder straps of the new Russian army seem to consist of 2 parts:

1. Soldier's "field" without gaps, trimmed with colored braid.

2. Officer stars along the central axis: 2 for a regular warrant officer, 3 for a senior warrant officer. A similar number of badges is provided to simply midshipmen and senior midshipmen.

Shoulder straps for junior officers

The lower officer ranks begin with a junior lieutenant and are completed by a captain. The stars on the shoulder straps, their number, size and location are identical for the ground forces and the Navy.

Junior officers are distinguished by one gap and from 1 to 4 stars of 13 mm each along the central axis. In accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1010 of May 23, 1994, shoulder straps can have the following colors:

• For a white shirt - shoulder straps with a white field, emblems and golden stars.
• For a green shirt, everyday tunic, jacket and overcoat - green insignia with gaps according to the type of troops, emblems and gold-colored stars.
• For the Air Force (aviation) and everyday outerwear - blue shoulder straps with blue clearance, an emblem and golden stars.
• For the ceremonial jacket of any branch of the military, the insignia is silver with colored gaps, braid and gold stars.
• For field uniforms (aircraft only) - camouflage shoulder straps without gaps, with gray stars.

Thus, for junior officers there are 3 types of shoulder straps - field, everyday and dress, which they use depending on the type of uniform worn. Naval officers only have casual and dress uniforms.

Shoulder straps for middle officers

The group of ranks of the Armed Forces begins with major and ends with colonel, and in the Navy - from captain 3rd rank to, respectively. Despite the differences in the names of the ranks, the principles of construction and the location of insignia remain almost identical.

Shoulder straps of the Russian army and navy for medium personnel have the following distinctive features:

• In everyday and formal versions, the texture (embossing) is more pronounced, almost aggressive.
• There are 2 gaps along the shoulder straps, spaced 15 mm from the edges and 20 mm from each other. They are absent in the field.
• The size of the stars is 20 mm, and their number varies from 1 to 3 depending on the rank. On field uniform shoulder straps, their color is muted from golden to silver.

Middle-ranking officers of the Armed Forces also have 3 types of shoulder straps - field, everyday and dress. Moreover, the latter have a rich golden color and are sewn only on the jacket. To be worn on a white shirt (summer version of the uniform), white shoulder straps with standard insignia are provided.

According to surveys, the major, whose uniform stars are single (and it is very difficult to make a mistake in determining the rank), is the most recognizable serviceman among that part of the population that is in no way connected with the military sphere.

Shoulder straps of senior officers of the Armed Forces

The ranks in the ground forces underwent significant changes during the creation of the army of the Russian Federation. Presidential Decree No. 466 of May 7, 1992 not only abolished the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union, but also stopped the division of generals by branch of the military. Following this, the uniform and shoulder straps (shape, size and insignia) underwent adjustments.

Currently, high-echelon officers wear the following types of shoulder straps:

1. Ceremonial - a golden-colored field on which sewn stars are located in the number corresponding to the rank. Army generals and marshals of the Russian Federation have the coats of arms of the army and the country in the upper third of their shoulder straps. Color of the edging and stars: red - for the ground forces, blue - for aviation, airborne forces and military space forces, cornflower blue - for the FSB.

2. Everyday - the color of the field is blue for senior officers of aviation, airborne forces and aerospace forces, for others - green. There is a cord edge, only the General of the Army and the Marshal of the Russian Federation also have a star outline.

3. Field - khaki field, not camouflage, like other categories of officers. The stars and coats of arms are green, several tones darker than the background. There is no colored edging.

It’s worth mentioning the stars that adorn the shoulder straps of the generals. For country marshals and army generals, their size is 40 mm. Moreover, the latter symbol has a backing made of silver. The stars of all other officers are smaller - 22 mm.

The rank of a serviceman, according to the general rule, is determined by the number of characters. In particular, 1 star adorns the lieutenant general - 2, and the colonel general - 3. Moreover, the first of those listed is the lowest in position in the category. The reason for this is one of the traditions of the Soviet era: in the USSR army, lieutenant generals were deputy generals of troops and took on part of their functions.

Shoulder straps of senior officers of the Navy

The leadership of the Russian Navy is represented by such ranks as rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral and fleet admiral. Since there is no field uniform in the Navy, these ranks wear only everyday or ceremonial shoulder straps, which have the following features:

1. The color of the field of the ceremonial version is gold with zigzag embossing. The shoulder strap is framed by a black edging. In everyday shoulder straps, the colors are reversed - a black field and a gold cord along the edge.

2. Senior officers of the Navy may wear shoulder straps on white or cream shirts. The field of the shoulder strap corresponds to the color of the clothing, and there is no piping.

3. The number of sewn stars on shoulder straps depends on the rank of the serviceman and increases depending on his promotion. Their main difference from similar signs in the ground forces is the backing of silver rays. Traditionally, the largest star (40 mm) belongs to the fleet admiral.

When dividing troops into the Navy and the Armed Forces, it is assumed that some swim, while others move on land or, in extreme cases, by air. But in fact, the naval forces are heterogeneous and, in addition to ship commands, include coastal troops and naval aviation. This division could not but affect the shoulder straps, and if the former are classified as ground forces and have the corresponding insignia, then with naval pilots everything is much more complicated.

Senior officers of naval aviation, on the one hand, bear ranks similar to generals of the Armed Forces. On the other hand, their shoulder straps correspond to the uniform established for the Navy. They are distinguished only by the blue color of the edging and the star without a radial backing with the appropriate design. For example, the ceremonial shoulder straps of a major general of naval carrier aviation have a gold field with an azure border around the edge and a star outline.

In addition to shoulder straps and the uniform itself, military personnel are distinguished by many other insignia, including sleeve insignia and chevrons, cockades on headdresses, symbols of the military branches in buttonholes and breastplates (badges). Together, they can provide an informed person with basic information about a military man - type of military service, rank, duration and place of service, expected scope of authority.

Unfortunately, most people fall into the “ignorant” category, so they pay attention to the most noticeable detail of the form. The shoulder straps of the Russian army are quite rewarding material in this matter. They are not overloaded with unnecessary symbolism and are of the same type for different types of troops.

On the table there were cups on beautiful patterned saucers, small neat spoons lay nearby, and the middle of the table was occupied by a beautiful sweet berry pie that my mother had baked. Everything was already ready for the arrival of the guests, because today was a holiday, and Pochemuchka already knew about it. Today they celebrated February 23, Defender of the Fatherland Day.
And then, finally, the doorbell rang. Mom went to meet the guests. Pochemuchka also ran into the corridor and saw Uncle Sasha there.
- Hello! - Pochemuchka exclaimed joyfully and ran up to the guest.
“Hello, hello, Pochemuchka,” answered Uncle Sasha and picked up the girl in his arms.
- Uncle Sasha, you are unusual today. You have such a beautiful outfit.
- Why, this is not an outfit, this is a ceremonial military uniform, I decided to wear it in honor of the holiday.
- Very beautiful uniform, what are you wearing on your shoulders? Are these some special military decorations to make you even more beautiful?
- No, these are shoulder straps. They appeared under the Russian Tsar Peter I and were invented to make it more convenient to carry a bag with cartridges so that its strap would not slip off. After some time, shoulder straps began to be used to distinguish the rank of military personnel.
- What military ranks are there?
- There are a total of twenty steps by which you can rise from the lowest private to the highest - a marshal. These steps are ranks that are given to the military for certain merits. Let me list their names for you:

The very first ranks with which a military career begins are called private and corporal. On their field uniform, the shoulder straps do not have any insignia, but on the front uniform there are golden letters.

Junior sergeant, sergeant, senior sergeant and foreman: these ranks can be called in one word - non-commissioned officers. On their shoulder straps there are insignia in the form of stripes - these are strips or corners sewn to the shoulder strap. And on the dress uniform, in addition to the stripes, there are also metal letters.

The warrant officer and senior warrant officer have insignia on their shoulder straps in the form of stars located along the shoulder strap.

Junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant and captain are junior officers. On the shoulder straps of these military men there is a stripe called a gap (very often confused with stripes) and small stars. There are no stripes on field shoulder straps.

Major, lieutenant colonel and colonel are senior officers. Their shoulder straps have two clear stripes and larger stars than those of junior officers. On field uniforms they also have no clearance.

So we got to the ranks of senior officers: these are major general, lieutenant general, colonel general and army general. They do not have any clear stripes on their shoulder straps; they have large stars located vertically.

On the shoulder straps of the Marshal of the Russian Federation there is one very large star and the coat of arms of Russia.

Oh, how many ranks there are in our army, you won’t remember right away. - Why said. - But I will try and will be able to determine the military rank just by looking at the shoulder straps.

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Ministry of Defense cap (office). The cap is made of ripstop fabric, olive color. According to temporary regulations No. 256/41/3101. On the caps and caps there is an insignia for belonging to the executive authorities, where the law provides for military service (golden-colored cockade), and for senior officers, in addition, the visor and band of the cap with golden-colored embroidery.

Winter jacket for the ground forces, navy and air force reliably protects against wind and snow. The insulation retains heat well, weighs little, does not deform, and does not absorb moisture. The combination of membrane fabric and insulation provides protection from severe frosts. CHARACTERISTICS Cold protection Regular cut For military operations Hand wash only MATERIALS Rip-stop Membrane Fibersoft insulation

The summer camouflage suit "Border Guard-2" produced by Prival is made of light mixed fabric and consists of a jacket and trousers. Perfect for lovers of outdoor activities. The suit is comfortable in hot weather, and thanks to its loose fit, it can be worn over clothing as a protective layer. Relaxed jacket with zipper and hood. 2 pockets on the jacket, 2 on the trousers. The trouser waistband has an elastic band and additional fastening with a cord. The bottom of the trousers has an elastic band. Packaged in a compact case. Set composition: jacket / trousers Fabric: 65% polyester, 35% viscose Color: border guard camouflage

The jacket runs one size too big!!! If you wear 50 rubles, you need to take 48!!! Jacket from a winter field suit for military personnel of the Russian Armed Forces, model 2010. It differs from the original in its outer wind and waterproof fabric, lightweight non-removable insulation and a more convenient central fastener. Outer fabric is Oxford PU (100% nylon). Unlike the original mixed fabric, it does not get wet, protects from wind and is highly durable. Lining made of light synthetic fabric. Central zipper closure, covered on the outside with a placket with buttons (buttons in the original). Better protection from cold and wind, more convenient to work even with warm gloves. For simplicity and convenience, the insulation (sintepon) is made non-removable. The amount of insulation is less than in the original, the jacket is more demi-season for its intended purpose. Reinforcement of the elbows with pads from the second layer of fabric. Cuffs are fastened with Velcro patches. Shoulder straps with Velcro fastener are sewn onto the shoulders (location of the new sample). False shoulder straps included High wide collar with fleece lining. Fastens with Velcro. The hood is insulated with a layer of fleece and stows away in the collar. Tightens around the face, and in two dimensions at the back of the head. Fastens at the front with Velcro. The waist is tightened with an elastic cord with two fasteners on the inside of the jacket. A hanger loop on the inside of the collar. Pockets: two lower patch flat pockets with Velcro flaps. Chest slit pockets for warming the hands. With an inclined entrance at a convenient angle, insulated with fleece, an internal pocket for documents with a Velcro flap (on the heart side), made of water-resistant fabric. We strongly recommend using front-loading washing machines; if you own a top-loading machine, it is recommended washing clothes and equipment in a special mesh laundry bag to protect against possible damage from parts of the washing machine drum. Before washing, you must fasten all zippers and Velcro fasteners and completely loosen all adjustments. If the outer fabric is membrane, then it is better to wash the product with the lining facing out (turned inside out). Wash on delicate cycle at 30°C with a double rinse cycle (it is better to use two rinse cycles to ensure that all detergent residues are removed from the fabric and insulation) and a medium spin. It is acceptable to use a drying drum at medium temperature (40-60°C) for 30-40 minutes or until completely dry; if the top fabric is membrane, it is better to dry the product with the lining out (turned inside out). You can hang dry the product with the lining facing out. To remove stubborn stains, you can treat the stains with a special solution such as Grangers Performance Wash or Nikwax Tech Wash before washing, allowing the detergent to soak in for 10-15 minutes. It is better to store clothes and equipment with synthetic insulation in a straightened (not compressed) state. How to restore DWR treatment on insulated clothing or equipment DWR is a special polymer applied to the surface of the fabric to give it water-repellent properties. DWR treatment does not last forever. During use of the product, as well as after a certain number of washes, the effectiveness of DWR decreases. If water droplets no longer roll off the surface of the fabric and wet the fabric even after washing, it’s time to restore the splashproof treatment. We recommend using a special spray-on or in-the-machine splash-proofing treatment such as Grangers Clothing Repel or Performance Repel, or Nikwax TX.Direct Wash-In or Spray-On. First, wash the item in accordance with the washing recommendations, then use the selected solution to restore the splash-proof treatment by spraying it directly onto the front of the item while it is still damp, or running a second wash cycle after pouring the required amount of wash-in into the washing machine . The manufacturer's instructions for the splashproof restoration product on the packaging must be followed exactly. Many DWR restoration products require heat activation, so it is best to tumble dry treated clothing and equipment on medium heat (40-60°C) for 40-50 minutes or until completely dry.

The Soft Shell suit is purposefully designed to meet the stringent requirements of Special Forces operators. Designed to maintain a comfortable body temperature for the user during the cold season during vigorous activity, in bad weather, in wind and rain. The suit can be used as the base 5th layer of ECWCS Gen.III. Jacket MPA-26-01: Jacket MPA-26-01 is designed to maintain a comfortable body temperature in the cold season. Effectively removes steam from the body, does not let moisture in from the outside and reliably protects against cold, wind and rain, taking into account intense physical activity. The demi-season jacket combines several layers of clothing thanks to a three-layer softshell material, consisting of an outer surface with water- and dirt-repellent Teflon® impregnation, a membrane and fleece that wick moisture away from the body. The cuffs on the sleeves are adjustable with textile fasteners. Ventilation in the armhole area allows you to “cool down” faster and not overheat during intense physical activity and changing weather conditions. A high stand-up collar protects the neck. The removable hood is adjustable for volume and face shape. The tactical jacket is equipped with 8 zippered pockets: chest, side, rear at the lower back and in the forearm area. Velcro fasteners are located at the top of the sleeves for attaching chevrons.​ -2 internal and 6 external pockets with access when worn with tactical equipment; - ventilation openings are protected by mesh; - adjustable waist and hem; - stand collar; - adjustable, detachable hood; - closable ventilation holes; - taped zippers. - places for chevrons with Velcro. Soft shell fabric breathes, does not tear, does not get wet, and does not restrict movement! COMPOSITION 92% POLYESTER, 8% SPANDEX, MEMBRANE, FLEECE SEASON SPRING/AUTUMN JACKET CATEGORY

Trousers from a special suit of parachute parts With buttons The belt is adjustable in size using side elastic bands High waistband for the convenience of carrying ammunition on a belt Belt loops for a wide waist belt Reinforcing lining with a softening insert on the knees (photo A) Mesh for ventilation in the groin area Bottom of the trousers with an elastic band The cuffs at the bottom of the trousers are cinched with tape, which prevents debris from getting into the shoes Pockets: 2 side pockets and 2 hip pockets with a folded top, which prevents items from spontaneously falling out 1 knife pocket 2 back pockets Material: 100% cotton YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN: Designed for parachute parts of the suit turned out to be very convenient for tourists. Everything that is suitable for a parachute is also good for a backpack. Durable, heavy duty canvas fabric, pre-shrunk and highly fade resistant. The tarpaulin breathes, protects from wind and moisture, is not afraid of a fire (if you do not dry clothes on a fire rope) and is not bitten by insects. The loose-fitting jacket does not restrict movement and has no protruding parts. Due to the absence of lower pockets, it can be worn either untucked or tucked into trousers. Buttons characteristic of uniforms. The bottom of the jacket is adjustable in size. Two front pockets and easy-to-access side sleeve pockets are secured with flaps. The internal pocket for documents is made of water-repellent fabric. Ventilation in the most overheated areas of the jacket and trousers is provided by mesh fabric. The most tense ones (elbows and knees) are reinforced with additional pads (on the knees with a softening insert). Pants with a high, adjustable elastic waistband and straps for a wide belt are comfortable and allow you to carry the necessary equipment on the belt. The loose cut and drawstring bottom of the legs allow you to move freely through the most inaccessible places and protect the boots from debris getting inside. The restraint of the jacket is more than compensated by the abundance of pockets on the trousers. Slit pockets on the sides are simple and familiar, two back pockets with flaps, two front pockets with flaps on the front of the hips and a pocket for a knife. You can place everything you need from salt, matches, maps, compass and GPS to machine gun horns. A durable, comfortable, breathable, unpretentious suit will provide reliable protection in the forest and in the air.

A modernized version of the suit for the RF Armed Forces. The suit has been changed: for greater convenience, the width of the sleeves has been increased, the cut of the trousers has been modified, and other improvements have been made. Jacket: Worn untucked. False shoulder straps can be used. With buttons. Reinforcing pads on the elbows. The belt and bottom of the jacket are adjustable in size using a cord. Puffed cuffs ( fabric insert) on the sleeve to protect from dust and dirt Pockets: 2 pockets on the chest and 2 at the bottom of the jacket 2 internal pockets and 2 on the sleeves Pants: The arrows are stitched Belt loops for a wide waist belt Reinforcement pads on the knees The bottom of the trousers is adjustable in size using a cord Bottom trousers with a height-adjustable strap that prevents them from creeping up Pockets: 2 side pockets and 2 on the hips 1 back pocket Product material: “Standard”: 60% cotton; 40% polyester

The comfortable military suit VKBO is used by the Russian Armed Forces in field conditions. The balanced composition of the fabric provides high strength and ventilation properties. There are pockets for placing polypropylene protectors on the elbows and knees. CHARACTERISTICS For hot weather Regular cut MATERIALS 65% polye, 35% cotton

Since May 23, 1994, in connection with the decree of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Federation, wearing insignia left over from the Soviet army was considered illegal. From that moment on, Russia began to form its own system of national symbols in relation to insignia in the RF Armed Forces.

History of the appearance of insignia

Starting from the 16th and 17th centuries, in the Streltsy troops, the commander differed from the ordinary in the cut of his uniform, a different type of weapon and a cane, by which one could understand the high status of the soldier. In the regular army created under Peter the Great, non-commissioned officers were distinguished from the rest of the soldiers by gold braid, which was used to trim the brim of their hats. Officers' camisoles and caftans were also trimmed with this material.

In addition, the officers had breastplates and other marks on their uniforms. In 1801, shoulder straps were introduced into military uniforms. They were marked with unit numbers and monograms of various types of troops. In addition to shoulder straps, army uniforms had epaulettes.

After the revolution, with the formation of the Red Army in 1918, a badge was issued to indicate membership in it. It was made of metal in the form of a wreath, consisting of two branches, laurel and oak. In the center of it was a red star, a symbol of the proletariat. In the central part of the star there was an image in the form of a plow and a hammer.

Overcoats and tunics wore buttonholes with an emblem corresponding to a specific branch of the military. In 1935, when personal insignia were introduced, an order was issued to place them in accordance with the rank of the serviceman. On the uniform of the commanding staff they were located in the form of emblems and on the sleeves. For Navy personnel they were located only in the area of ​​the sleeves.

In 1943, by decree of the Commander-in-Chief, shoulder straps were returned to circulation, which were abolished after the revolution as a relic of tsarism, and in 1969, ceremonial shoulder straps made of silver and golden galloon were introduced for officers and senior command staff.

Modern insignia

Emblems and other distinctive signs can be divided into three main groups:

1. By affiliation.
2. Personalized.
3. According to their functional purpose.

By affiliation with military branches

The new type of insignia of the RF Armed Forces is divided into four types according to affiliation: in relation to military formations of the RF Armed Forces, to the Russian Navy, military representation abroad, and participants in peacekeeping activities. They are located on the sleeve in the form of an emblem and are issued in accordance with the branches of the military. Such emblems are made in the form of round or other shapes, depicting the coat of arms of the Russian Federation on a colored background. Each branch of the military has its own color.

These emblems include:

• civil defense troops;
• internal troops;
• railway troops;
• ground troops;
• Suvorov and Nakhimov schools;
• missile forces;
• Border Service;
• government communications troops.

Insignia of military service include emblems and badges. They are made of metal and are worn on the chest or shirt in accordance with the rules for wearing such signs, and emblems are also worn on shoulder straps.

These also include divisional emblems in the form of stripes. Each division has its own emblems, which are required to be worn by all personnel of a particular military unit.

Personalized insignia

These include personal standards, personal and official insignia. These signs signify the personal responsibility of the one who wears them. All senior leadership of the RF Armed Forces have such insignia.

Standards are made in a specific form and have strict rules for their application. They are made in the form of a flag, which is installed in the official’s office or in the official’s official transport.

The following officials have personal standards:

• from the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;
• from his deputies;
• district commanders;
• from the commanders-in-chief of certain troops and other officials.

Insignia by functional purpose

These include lapel insignia. The buttonholes of the RF Armed Forces are intended to be placed on the collar of military personnel. These are paired emblems that come in two types: for ceremonial and everyday field uniforms. In the first version, they are made of metal and attached to the collar of the uniform. In the second case, the buttonholes have a protective color and are sewn onto the uniform.

The purpose of the buttonholes is to determine whether a serviceman belongs to certain types of troops. There are buttonholes for privates and sergeants, as well as for officers. Lapel badges for officers are made of gold thread and sewn to the edge of the collar.

The lapel insignia on the uniform reflects:

• Place in the structure of military formations and the importance of specific units.
• The specifics of the purpose of these military formations.
• Historical traditions followed in the manufacture of a particular buttonhole.

How to correctly place stripes and chevrons on a uniform

With the adoption of a new office uniform in the Ministry of Defense, the requirements for the location of chevrons and stripes on it have changed. They should be positioned this way:

1. On the left side, in the area of ​​the pocket flap, there should be a patch indicating the surname and initials of the serviceman.
2. On the right side of the pocket there should be a patch with the inscription “Russian Armed Forces”
3. On the left side of the sleeve, chevrons should be placed indicating that the serviceman belongs to certain branches of the military or the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
4. On the right side of the sleeve there should be a chevron indicating membership in a specific military unit.
5. On the left breast pocket there is a bar for placing award badges on it.
6. Above the flap of the right breast pocket may be located signs about the completed educational institution.

Marks of Excellence

These badges are awarded to servicemen for their services in the performance of military duty and in strengthening and developing the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. They are assigned to the RF Armed Forces in the following cases:

• At the award ceremony. For military merit or for demonstrated skill in performing assigned tasks.
• After training. Such badges are awarded to graduates of military educational institutions.
• Qualification insignia. Issued in case of good physical fitness or for successes related to a military specialty.
• For memorable events. This insignia is awarded in honor of holidays, anniversaries and other memorable events.

In the Russian army, such signs are worn as part of the uniform. Very often they are rewarded for excellent performance of military duty and other merits. Types of awards include medals and orders. Badges must be located in a specific place on the uniform and are issued in accordance with the actions performed by the military personnel. This could be demonstrated courage or excellent performance in military training.

Location on hats

Insignia such as a cockade are used on headdresses. It is made of metal or has a fabric base.

Gold or silver cockades are always used on ceremonial uniforms. For field exits, olive green cockades are provided. In the Russian army, cockades are located on the headdresses of all personnel. Cockades have the same appearance for all branches of the military.

At the IMF, such a sign is black with an image of an anchor in the center of the sign. This badge must be attached exactly in the middle of the headdress. Any insignia loses its appearance over time, so it is necessary to have several copies of such symbols in reserve.

Main changes:

1. The appearance of the shoulder straps has changed. They became the same form for all ranks. 6-sided, officer type.
2. The rank of “marshal of the military branch” has been abolished
3. The army general was given back 4 stars instead of one big one.
4. The rank of “marshal of the military branch” has become simply an honorary title.
5. The lower ranks were given metal corners instead of transverse stripes.
6. Ensigns are assigned a shoulder strap.
7. The piping has only 2 colors: red and blue (for the Airborne Forces, Air Force and Military Space Forces).

Generals and marshals.

General's zigzag and stars with a diameter of 40 mm for the marshal and 22 mm for the generals:

Marshal of the Russian Federation: State emblem and 1 star in "shine"
- Army General: 4 stars
- Colonel General: 3
- Lieutenant General: 2
- Major General: 1

Senior officers.

2 clearances and faceted metal stars, 20 mm in diameter:

Junior officers.

1 clear and faceted metal stars with a diameter of 13mm:

Captain: 4
-Senior Lieutenant: 3
-Lieutenant: 2
-Second Lieutenant: 1

Ensigns.

Shoulder straps are like those of privates, with piping. The sprockets are metal, faceted like those of junior officers, but attached to the length of the shoulder strap:

Senior Warrant Officer: 3
- Ensign:2

Sergeants and foremen, as well as corporals and privates.

Shoulder straps of the standard standard for lower ranks have piping; At the bottom of the shoulder strap are the metal letters “BC”. The specific rank is determined by the number and type of metal corners.

Petty Officer: 1 wide and 1 narrow corner
- Senior Sergeant: 1 wide
- Sergeant: 3 narrow
- Junior sergeant: 2 narrow
- Corporal: 1 narrow
- Private: no corners.

On everyday shoulder straps the stars are of yellow metal (for generals they are made of yellow thread with a red edging), on field ones they are white. In addition, there are muffs for field shoulder straps, where the stars are embroidered with green thread or stamped in gray.

The emblem of the military branch in yellow metal is attached to the shoulder strap worn on a shirt, a jacket with a zipper or a raincoat under a button.

Currently, the emblems of the military branches have also changed. Both lapels and sleeves.
Lapel emblems attached to the collar of the tunic are also attached to shoulder straps worn on a shirt, a tunic with a zipper and a raincoat. They are made of yellow metal. Currently, they have once again been subject to change. They became larger and lacked absolutely unnecessary wreaths.

It looks like this:

1 – Ground Forces (in the project Motorized Rifle Forces); 2 – tank troops; 3 – RKhBZ troops; 4 – Air Force aviation; 5 – Air Force air defense missile system; 6 – RTV Air Force; 7 – Airborne Forces; 8 – Strategic Missile Forces; 9 – KV; 10 – R&A; 11 – military air defense; 12 – signal troops; 13 – road troops; 14 – railway troops; 15 – automobile troops; 16 – engineering troops; 17 – pipeline troops; 18 – topographic service; 19 – VOSO service; 20 – medical service; 21 – veterinary and sanitary service; 22 – Military band service; 23 – legal service; 24 – environmental service.

Also, a certain NATO system is currently being introduced. The emblem of the military branch is located on a leather tag attached to the breast pocket button. Worn with a service shirt.
The breastplate in the form of a medium emblem is worn on a leather lining. On the reverse side of the badge there is a device for attaching to a leather lining. The black lining is pointed at the bottom and has a loop at the top for attaching to the breast pocket button.