Kukushkina Ksenia 9 A class
Rasul Gamzatov is an amazing poet. Getting to know this creative work was a real discovery for me. Everything the poet addresses is filled with extraordinary love - love for the world, for people, for his country.
The creativity of Rasul Gamzatov is varied. He writes about Dagestan, about war, about mothers, about love. But the main theme of his work is the theme of his homeland. The poet loved his country to the point of self-forgetfulness and wanted the whole world to learn about Dagestan, get acquainted with the customs of its people, and be enriched with eastern culture.
When you read the poems of Rasul Gamzatov, you see friendly, kind, decent people who cherish age-old traditions and love their country.
The theme of love for mother occupies a special place in the work of Rasul Gamzatov. And this is no coincidence: for everyone, the word “mother” is the closest and dearest. Rasul Gamzatov believed that love for the world begins with the songs of a mother. And he was grateful for his talent to the one who raised him. In one of the poems the author wrote:
No matter how the rush of events beckons you,
No matter how you attract me into your whirlpool,
Take care of your mother more than your eyes
From grievances, from hardships and worries.
I read this poem in one sitting, these lines capture the soul. The author is very kind to his mother, and this feeling cannot leave readers indifferent.
Among Rasul Gamzatov’s many poems, I especially liked “As Long as the Earth Turns.” The poem is imbued with a cheerful mood. The lyrical hero of the poem is a man who has experienced a lot, but has not lost his love for life. Gamzatov wants to tell us that life is filled with “drops of every day”, that we need to live every day to the end, without missing a single moment. Nature in the poem becomes for the hero not only a source of inspiration, but also a means of understanding the world. The main idea of the poem is the inspiring life of nature. And this thought of life sounds optimistic. The poem makes you take a fresh look at life, understand that happiness largely depends on the person himself, on his ability to perceive the world and enjoy every day.
The work of Rasul Gamzatov made a strong impression on me. I am glad that I met him and I think that the soul of every person who read his poems is filled with life-giving force. I discovered the extraordinary world of a subtle poet, philosopher, and wise man.
Lev Antopolsky
Dagestan, the birthplace of the poet Rasul Gamzatov, has long been called the country of mountains. This is a wonderful country! A tangle of mountain peaks and bottomless gorges, many small nations - each speaks their own language, each has their own customs, customs and traditions: the Avars have some, the Lezgins have others, the Dargins have others.
Rasul Gamzatov is an Avar. He was born in the small village of Tsada, which literally translated into Russian means “in flames.” It is difficult to explain now why the village got such a name. Maybe they meant some ancient volcanic flame, or maybe the flame that burns in the blood of courageous people - the mountaineers: from the most ancient times, all Dagestanis were famous for their high courage. They selflessly fought against hordes of enemies who - wave after wave, century after century - were approaching the stone, harsh Dagestan. “If this people had a concept of the art of war, then not a single nation would be able to take up arms against them,” this is what Peter I said about the highlanders. Over the centuries, the strong, stubborn character of the Dagestanis was cultivated. Excellent embossing masters embossed the following instructions on swords and sabers, on guns and decorations of horse harnesses: “The coward is surrounded by death,” “Glory and honor are on the backs of horses.”
Courage was required not only in war, but also in everyday life. Do you know how they hunted wolves there? If an animal escaped from the trap, the entire village would launch a raid. But when the wolf is surrounded, the weapon was supposed to be dropped: the man must take the beast with his bare hands.
Here, peaceful labor was often a feat. The mountaineers had to carry soil onto bare rocks to sow a few handfuls of oats. The road builder, hanging on a rope, knocked out a step before he could steady his foot to step...
We had to survive. We had to win. And enemies and harsh nature. It is easier to win not alone, but together. There are many tribes, communities, communities in Dagestan, but they all held tightly to each other, clenching like fingers clenching into a fist. Squeeze your right fingers! Military weapons? Yes. But try to wield a hammer or hoe without releasing your fingers - it won’t work. Whether you like it or not, you will have to “show your palm”!
The mountaineers did not exist on their own, but alongside other peoples. And they had to “show their palm” not only to hold a hoe, but also to shake hands, to greet a guest. Foreigners in Dagestan were always greeted not with evil, but with kindness; guests were received at any time of the day or night.
Why do I keep talking about the antiquity of Dagestan, its morals, its customs? After all, we are talking about the modern poet Rasul Gamzatov? Yes, because any poet, any artist is connected with the life of his people by strong, invisible threads. And not only with the present, but also with the distant past. What the people live and lived with becomes, as it were, the personal property of the poet, just as the soil into which grain is thrown “becomes the property” of a rising stalk, ear or flower.
Whatever poem you read by Rasul Gamzatov, you will immediately feel that it was written by a Dagestani. Here venerable, gray-bearded elders decide important aul affairs. On the flat roofs of sakleys, women thresh millet with a roller. A young horseman flies into battle, ringing his blade. Zurna plays cheerfully at a wedding. In a word, when you enter the world of his poetry, you learn a lot of new and unusual things. And most importantly, a world of new feelings opens up for you.
In Rasul Gamzatov’s poems you will often find the word “window”. He loves this image - a window wide open. Where is the poet's heart? “Over there at that window... I, awakened by the first ray of light, looked out of that window.” Windows are the eyes of the house. They look at the world just like human eyes. And in Gamzatov’s poems the images of a window and an eye come together. "Where are you, my eyes? We are at that window!"
It is not for nothing that the poet is so irritated when someone blocks the skylight, when a shadow falls on the window.
Hey, man with a wide back,
Go away, don't stand in front of my window
Don't block out the light of day,
Go away, don't stand in front of my window.
There in the world there are mountains of snowy whiteness,
There in the sea there is a sail in the haze of the day,
And I can only see the shadow of your back,
Go away, don't stand in front of my window!*
In the prose book “My Dagestan,” Rasul Gamzatov tells in detail why he fell in love with this image - a wide open window.
Once, during a trip to Yugoslavia, the poet found himself in the town of Dubrovnik on the shores of the Adriatic Sea. This place is amazing: the houses and streets look like gorges and rocks. "Each has two loopholes, like two stern eyes." Together with others, the poet climbs the wall to look through these eye-windows. At first this does not work: tourists crowd around the walls, blocking the view with their backs. But finally he is approaching close to the loopholes. The poet is amazed by the picture opening before him - the endless multi-colored Adriatic Sea shimmering under the sun. And while he reaches on tiptoe to “look at the vast world,” he remembers his native Dagestan. After all, it was Dagestan that “also stood behind all the time, waiting for its turn, also stretched on tiptoe, and was also disturbed by the backs of the lucky ones standing in front. And now he saw the whole world, as if through a small window in a fortress wall. He himself has now merged with everything huge world..."
This is what “window”, “little window”, “pupil”, “eye”, “sight” means for Rasul Gamzatov. A window is a way to comprehend something new, to communicate with the whole world, with other people.
This is how the history of the people comes to life in the work of our contemporary poet. 
And here is another image, also loved by Rasul Gamzatov: Dagestan is the country of mountain eagles. The poet more than once praises in his poems a proud bird with unusually sharp eyesight. But Gamzatov’s eagle is not a predator ready to pounce on a defenseless victim. In his poems, an eagle soaring high looks at the earth and people with deep compassion and love. Is this an eagle? Maybe it's a person? The poet himself?..
The eagle spread out in the sky froze,
As if he embraces the whole world with wings,
I would like to spread my arms wider,
Hug all of you who inhabit the earth.
All of you living in these spaces,
Everyone who laughs, grieves and cries,
I would like to sing such songs, from which
The stones become lamb's wool.
The sharp eye of the eagle seems to help to take a closer look at those below, as if bringing the poet closer to them.
Spiritual beauty, nobility, wisdom - this is what makes the best poems of Rasul Gamzatov remarkable.
He honors the human feat and speaks beautifully about the value of human life. Each of us must leave behind something real:
We will all die, there are no immortal people.
And this is all known and not new.
But we live to leave a mark:
A house or a path, a tree or a word.
Not all streams dry up,
Not all tunes will be destroyed by time,
And the streams will multiply the power of the river,
And the song will increase our glory.
Rasul Gamzatov remembers the past, but he looks forward. He is the poet of today. This is how he himself wrote about it, addressing his beloved Dagestan: “Sometimes they ask you to tell only about your yesterday, about ancient rituals and customs, about legends and songs, about weddings and sabers, about battles and friendship, about iron murids and faithful virgins, about nobility and courage, about the blood of young men and the tears of mothers.
Sometimes they ask you to tell me only about your current day...
I can’t talk about either one, or the other, or yesterday, or today separately. For me, there is one Dagestan, which has lived for thousands of years. His past, present and future merged into one for me."
Gamzatov is proud of his homeland - its beauty shines throughout the world:
Here we have such blue mountains
And such golden fields!
If all the edges took on their color,
The earth would become even more beautiful.
There are new and old covenants
Among the people of my spring land.
If only the world followed these precepts,
He would have become much more perfect.
Rasul Gamzatov is the people's poet of Dagestan, he is well known and loved throughout our country and in many foreign countries. Russian poetry lovers know his work very well: after all, it has become an integral part of modern culture. And here we must remember two wonderful translators: Naum Grebnev and Yakov Kozlovsky, those great masters of words who transformed Avar speech into Russian.
Rasul Gamzatov himself called them “brothers”...
Drawings by I. Urmanche.
Open lesson dedicated to the memory of Rasul Gamzatov.
Topic: A poet of his native land is a source of great talent.
Look forward, strive forward.
And yet someday
Stop and look around
On your journey.
Rasul Gamzatov.
You can't help but love him.
He is warm, like a sunny day in the mountains, he is cheerful, like a swift mountain stream, he is bold, like a winged mountain eagle; kind and gentle, like a mountain deer...
Eduardas Meželaitis.
Goals: introduce the life and work of R. Gamzatov; show the diversity of the poet’s talent; guide students through the main milestones of R. Gamzatov’s works, instill love for the Motherland, mother, respect for elders and peers through the works of R. Gamzatov; aesthetic education of students.
Equipment: portraits of R. Gamzatov, a cloak, hats, a wedding dress, a mirror, a lamp, a box, a cradle, a jug, vases with patterns by Dagestan masters, a dagger, sheep skin rugs, volumes with poems, paintings depicting the landscape of Dagestan, abstracts on the poet’s work.
Office decoration:6 tables are covered with tablecloths and arranged in a certain order, flowers, candlesticks with burning candles, sketches of Caucasian landscapes, musical material (laptop).
Plan.
I. Introductory speech by the student.
II. Monologue of the presenter.
III. The exit of the mountain girl and the student.
IV. A sketch dedicated to the childhood of R. Gamzatov.
V. Poem about father.
VI. Interview with R. Gamzatov.
VII. Poem "Cranes". History of creation. Recitation by heart at the dargah. and Russian languages.
VIII. Poems by Rasul Gamzatov on various topics.
IX. The dramatized poem “The Feat of Alibek.”
X. Exhibition of books by R. Gamzatov. Introducing the exhibition.
XI. Letters written to a poet.
XII. Scene "Curse" ch. “Language” based on the book “My Dagestan”.
XIII. The poem “Earthly tornadoes carry, carry friends.”
XIV. Final words from the presenter.
And this is all known and not new.
But we live to leave a mark
A house or a path... a tree or a word.
I. Student's opening speech.
We dedicate this evening to the work of the great Avar writer Rasul Gamzatov. His name entered the reader’s soul and was carved into all corners of the mountainous country of Dagestan. He is a man with a capital M, a worthy son of his parents, a patriot of his Motherland and a multifaceted personality. He gained fame and popularity not only within Dagestan, but also beyond its borders. Today we will open the big book of a brilliant man and plunge again into his creative works.
II. Presenter's monologue.
Presenter: In India it is believed that snakes
The first to crawl to the ground
Highlanders believe that eagles are older
Other inhabitants of the earth.
I am inclined to think that at first
People appeared later
Many of them became eagles,
And others turned into snakes.
Great words from a great poet. It is with them that we want to open our lesson.
“I like to write about life, about people, no matter who they are: eagles or snakes,” said Rasul Gamzatov. Rasul himself was a real high-flying mountain eagle.
Rasul Gamzatov is a glorious son of the mountains! This is a man with a capital M, with a beautiful soul, who carried his talent through a long and difficult life. His poetry ennobles the soul, his work is received by readers with great awe, love and tenderness. He is always loved.
The creativity of Rasul Gamzatov has absorbed the talent, wisdom and attitude of the peoples of Dagestan and the entire Caucasus. His works, which absorbed everything valuable from the life experience and spiritual population of the highlanders, enriched Russian world literature.
The poet's poems and prose are permeated with motives of citizenship and humanity. The creative and social activities of R. Gamzatov are permeated with a sense of high patriotism and deep responsibility for the future of Dagestan and Russia. In the most important, fateful days, the poet was always close to the Dagestan people.
We will all die, there are no immortal people.
And this is all known and not new.
But we live to leave a mark
A house or a path, a tree or a word.
If we judge life by the traces left behind, then Rasul Gamzatov lived his life with dignity. He left an indelible impression on our hearts. He was remembered and should be remembered.
XVI. The exit of the mountain girl and the student.
Horny goat weed. Listen people! Listen up Dagestanis! I sing the memory of R. Gamzatov, our great poet, may his name be incorruptible forever!
Student: Who, who!?
Goryanka . Rasula Gamzatova.
Pupil : What's so special about it? Why should we remember him? Why is everyone talking about him?
Horny goat weed. How can you say that?! After all, R. Gamzatov is the greatest poet who glorified the whole of Dagestan, thanks to him they know about us even abroad!
Pupil : No, I don't know that.
Goryanka . Not knowing R. Gamzatov, not knowing at least anything from his life and work is simply a shame!
Pupil : (offended) Why are you doing this?!
Horny goat weed. Do you want to know who Rasul Gamzatov is?
Pupil : Of course I want!
Goryanka . Come on, I'll show you.
XVII. Biography of the poet.
On September 8, 2003, the people's poet of Dagestan, Hero of Socialist Labor, Laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes celebrated his 80th birthday. Coming from the small, seventy saklya, Avar village of Tsada, Rasul Gamzatov was born in the September days of 1923. His father Gamzat was famous in the mountains for his wisdom, honesty and ability to ridicule human vices and shortcomings in public life with sharp, red-hot words. The name of Tsada’s native village became the surname of Rasul’s father, the poet and satirist Gamzat Tsadasa, the people’s poet of Dagestan.
At the age of eleven, Rasul wrote his first poems, which were published in an Avar newspaper. After graduating from the Buinaksk Pedagogical School, he taught at his native school, worked in the theater, on the radio, and headed the department of the republican newspaper. The first collection of his poems, “Fiery Love and Burning Hatred,” was published in 1943.
Gamzatov continued his education at the A. M. Gorky Literary Institute in Moscow. For four decades he continuously headed the writers' organization of Dagestan. His first poetic publications became widely known, and for the collection of poems “The Year of My Birth” the twenty-year-old poet received a state prize.
Gamzatov traveled a lot around his native country and other countries of the world, meeting people. Celebrating his 80th birthday, the poet asked fate and God for at least another year of life to put his “earthly” affairs in order. But life decreed otherwise... On November 3, 2003, the restless heart of the famous poet, one of the favorite poets of Russians, whose name is known throughout the world, stopped beating. On this mournful day, not only the Caucasus, but all of multinational Russia said goodbye to the great son of the Avar people.
The bright memory of the national poet will forever remain in the hearts of his many readers, for the poet is alive as long as his creations live.
Goryanka Maybe you heard it somewhere?
I think, for starters, it’s better to go back to the very early days of his life, to his childhood.
XVIII. A sketch dedicated to the childhood of R. Gamzatov.
Father was an example in everything for Rasul. In his book “My Dagestan,” Rasul describes one incident: “Once in childhood, my father severely punished me,” writes Rasul, “I have long forgotten the beating, but I still remember the reason clearly.”
In the morning he somehow went out to school, but in fact he turned into an alley and played with the street boys until the evening with the money that his father gave him for books. When the money ran out, he began to think about where to get more. When you play a game of chance and when you give your last penny, it seems that you can find another penny and win it all back.
He began to ask the boys he played with for a loan, but no one wanted to give it to him. After all, there is a sign: during the game, if you lend money to the loser, you yourself will lose.
Then he thought of a way out. He began to visit all the houses in the village.
But even this private money did not last long. In addition, during the game I had to crawl on the ground on my knees. Over the course of the whole day, his pants were torn through, and his knees were scratched. Meanwhile, the older brothers were looking for him throughout the village. Residents of the village, to whom Rasul had told stories about the pahlavans, came one after another to their home to find out more about their arrival. In a word, when they led him home by the ear, everything was known about his adventures.
And so Rasul appeared before his father's court.
Rasul : tomorrow the pahlavans are coming to the village and I have been tasked with collecting money for them!
Father: What is this?
Rasul: These are knees.
Father : Knees are knees, but why are they visible? Tell me, where did you tear your pants?
Rasul :At school......I caught a nail...
Father : How how? Repeat….
Rasul: For the nail.
Father: Where? (Father hit him on the cheek with his palm)
Rasul: At school.
Father : Tell me now, how did you tear your pants?
Author : Rasul was silent. His father hit him a second time.
Father : If you don’t tell me everything as it happened now, I’ll hit you with a whip.
Rasul knew what a whip with a petrified knot at the end was. Fear of her forced me to tell all the misadventures in order, starting in the morning. The trial ended the day Rasul walked around not himself. On the 3rd day, his father sat him down next to him, stroked his head and asked:
Father: Do you know why I beat you?
Rasul :For playing for money.
Father: No, not for that. Who among us did not play for money as a child? And I played, and your older brothers played.
Rasul: For tearing his pants?
Father : No, and not by the pants. You're not a girl to walk along the path all the time.
Rasul: For not going to school.
Father : Of course this is your big mistake, but I beat you, son, for your lies. Lies are a terrible weed in the field of your soul. If it is not uprooted in time, it will fill the entire field so that there will be no place for a good seed to grow. If you lie again, I will kill you.
XIX. Poem about father.
Father's shoulders... I remember those days like now:
When, as a boy, I climbed on you, like on rocks,
And from above I saw everything that the fathers showed us, and we saw different beginnings, different endings...
Father's shoulders... I walked around the earthly space,
But the same cliffs are still just as strong below me...
And I see everything that the fathers showed in the distance,
I also see what the fathers could not see.
Pupil: How many good things are said about him! And he himself, I suppose, was an arrogant poet.
because if you believe what they say about him, he is so talented.
Goryanka: Not really! He was a simple man. Many of his words and actions indicate this. However, listen for yourself.
XX. Interview with R. Gamzatov.
(There are two chairs. The poet sits on one of them, the correspondent sits on the other.)
Rasul Gamzatovich, when do you write poetry?
- There is no time when I don’t write them: both in summer and winter, and in a flowering meadow, and when the autumn wind blows leaves from the trees. Autumn wakes me up from sleep, throws me into the fire of love.
-Does a poet have a teacher?
-The poet’s main teacher is life itself and the love with which he treats it. The poet's teacher is himself. His conscience tells him how to write, where to go.
- What is a long life, in your opinion?
- The main thing is not how many years to live in the world, but how to live, and think about what benefit you brought to the world, to society.
Where do you get the themes for such wonderful poems?
- For the writer, the main theme is the theme of the Motherland. If there were no sky, there would be no eagle; without a homeland, a writer is he a writer?
-Are you sure of everything you write?
- If I wasn’t sure, I wouldn’t write. A person must be confident in his abilities. And only then can you achieve your goal and reach people’s hearts.
(After a short pause, the song “Cranes” plays in the background).
XXI. Poem "Cranes". History of creation. Recitation by heart at the dargah. and Russian languages.
Cranes.
The song “Cranes” was born to Rasul in 1965 in the city of Hiroshima in Japan. Rasul Gamzatov writes that he saw in Hiroshima the designs for a monument to a simple Japanese girl with a crane in her hands; after learning her story, he experienced deep excitement, which later resulted in poetry. The girl was in the hospital and had to cut out 1000 cranes from paper in the hope of recovery, but she didn’t have time and died. Poems about her were written before “Cranes” by R. Gamzatov.
The latter were born later. And then, at the monument to a Japanese girl with a white crane, he saw an impressive sight - thousands of women in white clothes. The fact is that in mourning in Japan they wear white clothes, not black, like we do in Dagestan.
It so happened that when Rasul stood in the crowd, in the center of human grief, real cranes suddenly appeared in the sky. They said that they flew from Siberia. Their flock was small.
“In this sai, I noticed a small gap. Cranes from our homeland in the Japanese sky, from where the Americans dropped an atomic bomb in August 1945."
And this must happen, just at this time Gamzatov was given a telegram from our embassy in Japan, which reported the death of his mother.
Immediately he took off. Along the entire air route I thought about cranes, about women in white clothes, about my mother, about two dead brothers, about ninety thousand dead Dagestanis, about twenty million (even more) who did not return from the war, about the dead girl from Auschwitz and her little doll, I thought about a lot, but my thoughts returned to the white cranes. “Before, I never had to write about cranes, although even as a child, from the flat roof of my hut, I watched their flight and their cries excited my soul, but my favorite birds were mountain eagles and pigeons. I wrote about them tirelessly. But this time the cranes “called” me, I wrote several versions of poems, not expecting that one of them would become a song.
The music for the poem “Cranes” was written by Jan Frenkel. It was he who was approached by Mark Bernes with a request to write music for these words.
And he is a soldier and musician who went through the entire war, and did it superbly. But I couldn’t fully enjoy my favorite song. But his melody addressed to us remained with us. The song never dies. It was sung and sung. Based on the song, paintings were made and monuments were erected.
(Reading the poem “Cranes” in Russian and Dargi languages.)
Cranes.
Sometimes it seems to me that the soldiers
Those who did not come from the bloody fields.
They once did not die in our land.
And they turned into white cranes.
They are still from those distant times
Voices fly and fall to us.
Isn’t that why it’s so often and sad
We fall silent looking at the heavens.
Now I see: above a foreign land
Cranes in the early evening fog
They fly in their own specific formation
They wandered like people through the fields.
They fly, complete their long journey
And they call out someone’s name.
Isn’t that why with the cry of a crane
Has Avar speech been similar since centuries?...
A tired wedge flies and flies across the sky.
My former friends and relatives.
And in their ranks there is a small gap -
Maybe this is for me!
The day will come, and with a flock of cranes
I will swim in the same gray haze,
From under the heavens calling out to all of you like birds,
Whom did he leave on earth?
XXII. Poems by Rasul Gamzatov on various topics.
1. About the Motherland.
2. Homeland.
3. I am a guard dog of Dagestan.
4. Mom.
5. A word about mother.
6. I lay my gray head on your palms.
7. Clover
8. People - we are bags...
9. Among these formidable rocks….
10. Probably our land...
11. Birds are screaming.
12. Fire and water.
13. They say if you sow love...
14. I fell in love...
15. Oh moon...
16. Ah, women!
17. Your name.
18. When you leave...
Pupil : Everything is so touching: cranes, poems about mother, about friendship, about love, about the values of life, about our native people, I want to think about life...
Does he have anything humorous?
Goryanka : Well, not exactly humorous, but there it is!
XXIII. The dramatized poem “The Feat of Alibek.”
Alibek's feat
The wife left the yard -
There is peace and silence in the house...
And silently Alibek,
Cautious man
He goes around the house, on guard.
Suddenly he sees: a mouse in a pan!
And then what was the strength
He grabbed that mouse with a stick!
Smoking on a cigarette
And I twisted my hat,
Proud, he stood at the door:
“Hey, wife, come quickly!”
And the wife runs into the house,
I'm amazed by all of this:
“Look, the hat is bent,
What does the Khan from Khunzakh have?
What is it, what happened here?
What kind of happiness has come?
Maybe there is some news?..."
“A mouse wanted to get into the soup!
But the eyes were on guard,
These hands killed the mouse!
Come and take a look for yourself
Appreciate your husband’s feat!”
The wife laughed here:
"Yes, I must admit,
Something to be proud of, my friend!
Even a cat could kill a mouse..."
The hero was overcome with anger.
And he cried, blushing:
“Oh, so you’re still being sarcastic!
Out! Otherwise I’ll kill you like a mouse!”
The mother hurried to her son-in-law
Reconciling a daughter and her husband:
“What is it, what happened?
My daughter has now come to me,
Everything is burning with excitement:
You killed the lion, he says, he says!
Let me take a look myself...
What a predator! well well!
He can probably bite
All reserves will be destroyed!
Well, of course, the daughter is right,
You killed a lion today!..”
Mother-in-law, smiling sweetly,
I composed a lie like a song...
And our hero shines.
“Send your wife home!”
Repeats at the door:
“Let him go quickly!..”
Many years have passed since then -
A husband and wife live without quarrels.
Well, what is this good for?
If he is proud of a trifle!
Having barely managed the mouse,
He says: he overpowered the lion!
How he praises himself!..
...Grace with him to the flatterers
Pupil: Yes, it's funny. I wonder if he has any other funny stories?
Goryanka: But now we will find out about it.
Pupil: Oh, how wonderful! So many books written by him!
(The mountain woman shows books by Rasul Gamzatov).
XXIV. Exhibition of books by R. Gamzatov. Introducing the exhibition.
1.Book of love.
2. My Dagestan.
3. Poems.
4. The land is mine.
5. Rasul Gamzatov.
6. About the stormy days of the Caucasus.
Goryanka: (leafing through R. Gamzatov’s book “My Dagestan”) And now, you and I will watch the skit.
XXV. Scene "Curse" ch. “Language” based on the book “My Dagestan”.
Rasul: When I was writing the poem “Mountain Woman,” I needed a curse to put into the mouth of the evil woman in the poem. I was told that in one village there lives an elderly mountain woman whom none of her neighbors can argue with. I immediately went to see an amazing woman.
On a good spring morning, when I don’t want to swear and curse, but want to rejoice and sing, I crossed the threshold of the saklya I needed. I innocently told the old mountain woman why I had come. So, they say, and so, I want to hear a stronger curse from you.
Old woman: so that your tongue dries up, so that you forget the name of your beloved, so that your words are misunderstood by the person to whom you were sent on business, so that you forget to say hello to your native village when you return from a distant journey, so that the wind whistles in your mouth, when he is left without teeth... son of the jackal, can I laugh (may Allah deprive you of this joy!) if I am not having fun? Is it worth crying in a house where no one has died? Can I create a curse for you if no one has offended or offended me? Go ahead and don’t come to me with such stupid requests.
Rasul: “Thank you, kind woman,” I said and left the threshold of her sakli.
On the way, I thought: “If, without any malice, so to speak, right away, she blurted out such a masterly curse on my head, what will she throw in the face of someone who really angers him? »
I think that over time one of the folklorists will compile a book of mountain curses, and then people will learn the measure of ingenuity, the measure of sophistication, the measure of fantasy of the mountaineers, as well as the measure of expressiveness of our language.
Every village has its own curses. in one of them I heard two women arguing:
Old woman : May Allah deprive your children of someone who could teach them the language.
Old woman: No, may Allah deprive your children of someone they could teach the language!
Rasul: These are such terrible curses. But without any curses in the mountains, a person who does not respect his native language loses respect. A mountain mother will not read her son's poems if they are written in a corrupt language.
XXVI. Letters written to a poet.
2.
I am glad that I can call myself your contemporary. Thank you very much for the poems, images of mothers and women. The name “Mother” is sacred to all of us. A mother who gives birth to a son like you can be considered happy. Happy is the country in which a son like you grew up. What heartfelt words you write about your mother! And the third song is the rest of the songs. I also love my mother very much. She is my life friend and advisor. Although my mother was young, she did not marry and devoted herself entirely to me. Thank you very much for your words addressed to women. I am writing to let you know that there are connoisseurs of your talent. Thanks for all.
Lydia Asriyan, Kyiv.
XXVII. The poem “Earthly tornadoes carry, carry friends.”
Earth's tornadoes carry, carry friends
Not my fault and not theirs.
Every day there are fewer, fewer, fewer of us,
And I stand alone with myself
And if a little more path is given to me
I vow to keep them in my memory
Hoping without fail that in the future
Someday they will remember me too.
XXVIII. Final words from the presenter.
He left in the last autumn, as poets leave, having given us everything he had. He was ours, he belonged to everyone. He always returns when we need him - in poems, songs. And he is alive as long as we remember him.
Dear friends, thank you very much for your active participation. Dear teachers, thank you for coming. With this, let us consider our open lesson closed.
And distances and times moved, with a poetic line an outstanding cultural figure united peoples, countries and dialects. He interpreted Pushkin, Lermontov, Yesenin, Mayakovsky in Avar...
And the lyrics of Rasul Gamzatovich Gamzatov were translated into Russian by A. Voznesensky, R. Rozhdestvensky, Y. Kozlovsky, S. Gorodetsky, E. Nikolaevskaya and many others, thanks to which a wide range of readers are familiar with beautiful poems.
The main theme in the poetry of Rasul Gamzatov
He was born in the family of the national poet of Dagestan Gamza Tsadasa, therefore from childhood he absorbed the creative folk spirit and style of poetry, but, like any educated person, he enriched the old traditions with new poetic discoveries that went beyond the scope of national literature and became in demand everywhere.
It is no coincidence that his poems were translated into dozens of languages of other peoples. And the song “Cranes” has become for millions of people the embodiment of true service to the Motherland, honoring the feat of a soldier defending his land.
Sometimes it seems to me that the soldiers who did not return from the bloody fields did not once die in our land, but turned into white cranes... R. Gamzatov, translation by N. Grebnev
He chose love
The theme of the Motherland, involvement in the achievements in the country, empathy for every day, of course, was one of the main ones in the work of Rasul Gamzatov.
But still, the poet considered love to be the most important component in poetic creativity. The reader can find so many different variations on the theme of love living in the poet’s heart in his lyrics.
Rasul Gamzatov - quotes:
And, wandering along the chilling waves, in whirlwinds roaring in hundreds of modes, I preserved, I preserved this miracle - A feeling whose name is love!
The poet dedicated many poems to his only beloved wife in his life. Although it is clear from the poetic lines that they also quarreled, and jealousy sometimes annoyed them, the poet found new words for his muse. For example, these:
My wife says to me: “When was this? What day did we quarrel, dear?” “I don’t remember something,” I answer her. “I simply don’t include these days in my life.”
(Rasul Gamzatov: about love).
These prophetic words of the poet sound as the fruit of long thoughts, as a chord to the lines about love:
There is only love in the world. The rest of Life is waiting for love...
And the warning can be seen in the lines that even the most rational people or people busy with their everyday thoughts soften under the influence of love.
Sometimes, seeing the gaze of a fallow deer in love, the shooter shoots at random.
Theme of mother and native land
Rasul Gamzatov wrote amazingly insightful lines about his mother. In the poem “Mama” he says that “mama” is a sacred word, although it sounds differently in different languages, it is equally priceless for all people.
This is the very first word that a person speaks on Earth, but it can also be the farewell word of a soldier. The poet comes to the conclusion that no matter how the word “mother” sounds, it is the essence of our existence on Earth, our main attachment and protection. Because holy motherly love warms everyone in his life.
Rasul Gamzatov: quotes about his mother:
The great slave is constantly worried about her son with holy love. In Russian - “mama”, in Georgian - “nana”, And in Avar - affectionately “baba”.
An extraordinary impression remains after reading R. Gamzatov’s poems “There are three cherished songs...” about what main songs mothers sing in life, and how they influence the fate and life of their recipients.
There are three cherished songs among people, and in them there is human grief and joy. One of the songs is brighter than all the others. - The mother lays it over the cradle...
Wisdom for the ages: about life, friendship and fate
The wisdom with which Rasul Gamzatovich’s poetic lines are saturated is also amazing. Not lecturing, not intrusive in its majesty. True worldly wisdom.
The confidential and heartfelt tone of the poems evokes an unconditional acceptance of sayings and instructions, behind which life itself seems to be hidden.
Rasul Gamzatov: quotes about life:
Our eyes are much higher than our legs. I see the meaning and a special sign in this: we were created in such a way that everyone could look at everything before taking a step
Or a figurative perception of what is most important in life - to remain human:
He was not known as a sage. And he was not known as a brave man. But bow to him: he was a man
Many poems and songs have been written about the friendship of peoples. But Rasul Gamzatov’s lines are distinguished by their short and succinct generalization, fairness and accuracy of definitions:
I really like all nations. And the one who takes it into his head, who tries to denigrate any people, will be cursed three times.
Rasul Gamzatov: quotes from poems
Every person at least once in his life asks himself: why does he live? Good, they say, for gifted, famous or rich people. What's the use of a common man?
There is an answer in the poetry of Rasul Gamzatov, which sounds like a consolation for everyone. If you were born and own this miracle called “life,” then live, leaving behind only good things:
We will all die, there are no immortal people. And this is all known and not new. But we live to leave a mark: a house or a path, a tree or a word...
And these lines by R. Gamzatov are perceived as the last wish of a Man with a capital M:
I am happy: I am not mad and not blind. I have nothing to ask fate for, and yet let bread be cheaper on earth, and human life more expensive!
Creative testament to poets
Separately, I would like to talk about the eight-line poems of Rasul Gamzatov, which are like scattered diamonds of wisdom and love. In his eight lines, the poet briefly, but figuratively and succinctly expressed his feelings and views on life, on this world, for which the poet has many names:
Carve the faces of mothers on the rifle butt, so that every time the mothers look at you with condemnation or pleading in their eyes.
The most important task, generalized to the state level in Gamzatov’s poetry, is the continuity of generations, the preservation of the traditions of peoples and their languages. This is possible under one condition - if love and peace live in a person’s heart:
I rarely rejoice at my victories; it seems to me that there is something missing in the poems. It seems to me that an already born true poet is following me. Let him surprise the world with a new consonance, which I may not understand, And let him one day remember me with a kind word for my love for him.
Rasul Gamzatovich Gamzatov lived a rich and fruitful life; he died in 2003. The streets of many cities, gymnasiums and schools are named after him, and monuments have been erected in Dagestan and Russian cities. There is an honorary medal named after Rasul Gamzatov. There is an asteroid in space named after the poet.
Khutieva Taisa Magomed-Rasulovna, 11th grade student
The essay provides a complete analysis of the theme of the Motherland in the works of the great Dagestan poet Rasul Gamzatov.
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Municipal state educational institution
"Novo-Georgievskaya Secondary School"
Tarumovsky district RD
(based on the work of Rasul Gamzatov)
Head: Khasbulaeva Azman Pathulaevna
11th grade student: Khutieva Taisa Magomedrasulovna
2012-2013 academic year
“Do I need you, my epic Dagestan,
Don't pray
Shouldn't I love you?
Should I be like a crane in your village?
To be a breakaway bird?..."
(R. Gamzatov.)
Who doesn't know Rasul Gamzatov? Can talent be inherited? How did a brilliant poet, the son of the famous, wise poet Gamzat Tsadasa, appear in Dagestan? What role did the poet play in the development of the culture of Dagestan? Where is the source of Rasul Gamzatovich’s creativity?
How does the poet express his love for his homeland?
“But why are books by Rasul Gamzatov rarely published today? Why are there no translated books? Is it really true that the people don’t need a poet like Rasul Gamzatov?” (Collection “Your Name”, Magomed Akhmedov p. 8, 2003)
These questions are very relevant, since now it is important for young people and the future generation to know that Gamzatov’s work has raised Dagestan to a new level in the eyes of the world community.
Rasul Gamzatov! With this name, white cranes, apt aphorisms, wise sayings, inscriptions on daggers, doors, monuments and Dagestan, sung and glorified by the poet throughout the world, come to mind every time. Gamzatov’s glory is the result of many years of painstaking work for the benefit of the people and the Motherland, the result of the internal response of the soul of every reader.
Bukov wrote about his work: “A bright figurative system, thoroughly imbued with national originality and flavor, great thoughts and reflections about human life and existence, about the destinies of mankind and high humanism make the poetry of our fellow countryman a universal phenomenon, a global phenomenon.” Bukov K. Rasul Gamzatov: 70 years old. Makhachkala: 1993, p.24.
Rasul Gamzatovich Gamzatov was born in the village of Tsada, Khunzakh region, in the family of the famous poet Gamzat Tsadasa. He wrote a lot about Dagestan, about its people, about traditions and customs. For his fruitful work he was awarded the high title of Hero of Socialist Labor, he was awarded the Lenin, State, and five international prizes.
Coming from the small, seventy-sakley Avar village of Tsada, Rasul Gamzatov glorified Dagestan: customs and traditions, language, morality:
... Heals someone from illness
Another language, but I can’t sing in it,
And if tomorrow my tongue disappears,
Then I’m ready to die today...” (R. Gamzatov, collection “As long as the earth turns,” p. 45, 1976)
Irakli Abashidze wrote: “The discovery of Dagestan, that’s what I would call it, that’s what the work of Rasul Gamzatov is, first of all, for me.” M.: Soviet writer, 1966, p. 135.
Almost ten years since we... a world without Rasul Gamzatov. Words of prophecy:
And in that order there is a small gap -
Maybe this is the place for me… my dreams come true.
On November 3, 2003, the poet flew away from us into a flock of cranes, which he sang with such piercing autumn sadness. But his soul, his poetry and “The Day of White Cranes” - a day of eternal memory and bright sadness - remain with us forever.
When the song “Cranes” is heard in every Dagestan and every Russian family, they remember their fallen fathers, brothers, sons and daughters, the victims of world wars and victims of terrorism.
The immortal image of white cranes has become near and dear not only to every Dagestani and Russian, but also to millions of people on our planet.
“White Cranes” by Rasul Gamzatov flew over the borders of countries and continents and are forever captured in dozens of monuments around the world: in Russia, Japan, the USA, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, etc.
Why does a nagging feeling of melancholy arise in your soul and a lump rises to your throat when you read the poem “Cranes”? Because the cranes fly away, and we look at them from our priceless native land and think that we are not eternal in the world. The closeness to the heart of Gamzatov’s words, the pain for the dead, you are amazed at the wisdom of the poet, as if a healing source his poetry revives, spiritualizes, ennobles and at the same time you realize that he is not with us:
...The day will come in a flock of cranes
I'll float somewhere in the gray darkness,
Calling from under the sky like a bird,
All of you whom he left on earth... (R. Gamzatov, collection “As long as the earth turns,” p. 49, 1976)
Love for his native land occupies a special place in Gamzatov’s work. In the work “My Dagestan” the poet glorifies him with filial love. The son of Gamzat Tsadasa traveled almost the whole world, saw unusually beautiful places, the sights of every country, the most beautiful women in the world, but for himself he concluded that he would not exchange his homeland, little Dagestan, for any blessings in the world:
... May the pagodas of India, the pyramids of Egypt, the basilicas of Italy forgive me, may the highways of America, the boulevards of Paris, the parks of England, the mountains of Switzerland forgive me, may the women of Poland, Japan, Rome forgive me - I admired you, but my heart beat calmly... (R .Gamzatov “My Dagestan” p.15)
...Is an Avar woman wandering along a path with a bundle of firewood more beautiful than a tall, blond Scandinavian woman?” (R. Gamzatov “My Dagestan” p. 15)
In the book “My Dagestan,” the poet writes how he met in Paris with a Dagestani artist who left for Italy after the revolution to study and married an Italian. The artist did not return home, to Dagestan... Gamzatov, returning to his homeland, found his relatives, even his mother was alive... Having learned that Rasul was talking to his son through an interpreter, in French, the mother said:
You were mistaken, Rasul, my son died a long time ago. This was not my son. My son could not forget the language that I, the Avar mother, taught him.
The creativity of Gamzat Tsadasa's son is amazing. Connoisseur and connoisseur of poetry N.S. Tikhonov noted the connection of R. Gamzatov’s creativity with the development trends and experience of previous literature and its innovative character. In an open letter in honor of Rasul Gamzatov being awarded the Lenin Prize in 1963 for the collection “High Stars,” N.S. Tikhonov also wrote: “Old friend, dear Rasul! It is not easy to be an outstanding poet in a country where high poetry has long been known and loved. It is not easy to continue the poetic work in Dagestan, in Avaria, where there were such powerful poets as Chanka, Mahmud from Kahab-Roso and Gamzat Tsadasa, they are carefully preserved by the people's memory, but you can do it, because the proud spirit of your native mountains, your native people gave you the strength and the word for poetic feat. And this has earned you the love of a great reader.”
The native land, inspired by the poet, sung, glorified:
“...Dagestan, everything that people gave me,
I will share with you in honor,
I have my orders and medals
I’ll pin it on your peaks...” (R. Gamzatov, collection “As long as the earth turns,” p. 41, 1976)
Gamzatov glorified his Motherland, confessed his love for it, and could not imagine life without his homeland:
“When I, having traveled to many countries,
Tired, he returned home from the road,
Bending over me, Dagestan asked:
“Isn’t it the distant land that you fell in love with?”
...I climbed the mountain and from that height,
Taking a deep breath, Dagestan answered:
“I have seen many lands, but you
Still the most beloved in the world...” (R. Gamzatov, collection “As long as the earth turns,” p. 40, 1976)
Chingiz Aitmatov writes: “Gamzatov’s practice gives every reason to judge the beneficialness of creativity, the combination of national and international in art and literature. Constantly relying on Dagestan, affirming the word “Dagestan”, affirming the civil national identity of his people, Gamzatov creates a broad, universal path of poetry, mastering the experience and achievements of Russian and world literature, boldly invading the dialectics of modern life, the problems of the modern century. This explains the wide fame and popularity of Gamzatov, the love of multinational readers for his poetry and prose, because they see in him their contemporary, a great Soviet writer equally close to everyone.”
The poet’s love for the Motherland is inseparable from his love for nature:
Sincerity of feelings, the feeling of being part of one’s native land, admiring Dagestan, the unthinkability of life without the Motherland - this is what we see in the poet’s work.
Motherland and people, morality and norms of behavior are intertwined in Gamzatov’s work into a single whole. What is a person without a homeland like? What is the purpose of man? Wise sayings, proverbs, parables, legends, father’s instructions, memories, “from a notebook”, showing the moral standard of behavior in the work “My Dagestan”. S. Khaibullaev notes: “In the work of Rasul Gamzatov we find an update of the traditional genre arsenal of Avar poetry or the enrichment of certain genres with new qualities that were not inherent in them in early, habitual artistic practice.” (Khaibulaev S. “Creative development of literary heritage.” Makhachkala, 1983, p. 60)
“Father also said: a person who committed a shameful act, and then after a few years began to repent, is like someone who wants to pay off a debt with old pre-reform money.” (R. Gamzatov “My Dagestan” p. 80, 1975)
As a poet, Rasul sang goodness:
“And my father also said: if you allowed evil to do whatever it wanted and released it from the hut into the wild, what’s the point of beating the place where this evil sat?”
(R. Gamzatov “My Dagestan” p. 81, 1975)
The poet often gives examples of sayings about birds, animals, objects of nature, meaning people:
“They say: a chicken dreamed that she was an eagle, flew off a cliff and broke her wings.” (R. Gamzatov “My Dagestan” p. 43, 1975)
“The stream dreamed that it was a big river, splashed across the sand and immediately dried up.” (R. Gamzatov “My Dagestan” p. 43, 1975)
They say: even a beautiful house can collapse if its walls are weak.
(R. Gamzatov “My Dagestan” p. 43, 1975)
“Did the hunter have a head?” p.30, 1975)
So that people become smarter, learn from the mistakes of others, know the moral standard of behavior, and be tolerant - the poet teaches.
Gamzatov’s parables teach us to know our place in life, not to wonder and not to become arrogant, to be simple, ordinary people:
“The parable of a bird that wanted to be compared to an eagle and fell to its death.”
(R. Gamzatov “My Dagestan” p. 91, 1975)
To make your own way in life:
“Parable of my father’s path”: “Leave your father’s path to your father. Look for another path, your own.”
Instructive stories from youth are woven into the theme of their native land. You need to be direct in all situations. When Rasul studied at the Literary Institute. M. Gorky, his father sent him money for a winter coat. He spent the money, came home without a coat and began to make excuses to his father... (R. Gamzatov “My Dagestan” from 10-11, 1975)
His short stories about his childhood teach him to be truthful and not to lie under any circumstances:
“Once when I was a child, my father punished me severely. I forgot the beatings long ago, but I still remember the reason for the beatings.” In the morning, Rasul left the house, supposedly to go to school, but in reality he played snitch with street boys and did not make it to school. The money ran out and Gamzatov figured out how to get it. He began to visit all the houses in the village, saying that the pahlavans were coming, and he was instructed to collect money for them. With the collected money, Rasul began to continue playing with money. Having learned about this, his father slapped him on the cheek with his palm. On the third day, Tsadasa asked Rasul if he knew why he was beaten? Gamzatov thought it was because he tore his clothes, played for money, and didn’t go to school, but his father clarified: “For lying, you can’t lie.”
(R. Gamzatov. Newspaper “Russian Language” Publishing house “First of September” p.23-24.)
Analyzing the poet’s love for his native land, one cannot help but touch on the poem “Take Care of Mothers,” which is a hymn to the Motherland, mother, woman:
“It’s hard to live when you’ve lost your mother forever,
No one is happier than you, whose mother is alive!
In the name of my dead brothers
Listen, I pray!, to my words!
No matter how the fate of the event beckons you
No matter how you draw me into your whirlpool,
Take care of your mother more than your eyes
From insults, from hardships and worries.” (R. Gamzatov “Take care of mothers”, 1981, p. 144)
The poet writes about his mother with filial warmth, tenderness, and love. The impossibility of returning the lost time, the son’s later repentance for the insufficient attention he received from his mother, as it seems to him, and warning others against his mistakes.
Just as the poet of Dagestan sacredly honors his own mother, calling it “a small window open to the great ocean of the world.” The words about his native village are imbued with sincere sadness: “My dear Tsada! So I came to you... I wander through your fields, and the cold morning dew washes my tired feet..." ("My Dagestan" p. 415, 1975)
Dagestan in Gamzatov’s work is like a tree that grew on the boundary and took root...
The earth is one of the treasures - for Gamzatov, not only his native mountains, gorges, childhood paths...
The sea is a mirror, onto which the mountains look, and the chest of Dagestan is “decorated with necklaces of shells, a necklace of coastal stones, a necklace of surf.” Unlike many singers of Dagestan, the poet not only sings of the beauty of the sea, but also notes the mysterious wisdom of the Caspian Sea. The sea expresses the joys and sorrows of the mountaineers, the peace and anxiety of the planet, you just need to be able to listen and understand it. That is why gray-haired Gamzat often walked with his son, the future poet, to the shore and, peering into the blue distances, was silent for a long time.
(“My Dagestan” p.413, 1975)
Thus, Dagestan is the source of Rasul Gamzatov’s creativity, his best poems and poems are dedicated to his native land, the highlanders: “Dagestan is my love and my oath, my prayer and my prayer. You alone are the main theme of all my books, my whole life,” the writer states. (“My Dagestan” p. 423, 1975)
We can talk endlessly about Gamzatov’s poetry, which, I think, is a storehouse of wisdom, a value, a treasure of Dagestan, the basis of morality and tolerance. Gamzatov’s creativity can be compared to a meteorite sent as a gift to our people, since the name Rasul, translated from Arabic, means messenger. People like Rasul Gamzatovich are born once every hundred years. Smart, simple, close to the people, bright, modest, original, insightful.
This is a giant talent. His work, like a rainbow, intertwined in the minds of millions of readers and, like the sun, warmed souls. In our computer and information age, in the age of high technical achievements, his work should not lose the interest of a wide circle of readers; it should live in the hearts of millions of people. Anyone who does not know Rasul Gamzatov cannot consider himself a Dagestani.
Gamzatov is a treasure of Dagestan, known throughout the world, the greatest poet, who remained an ordinary person “feeling a thirst for life”:
I love, and I rejoice, and I suffer,
And I drink every day to the dregs,
And I feel thirsty again
And life alone is to blame for this. (R. Gamzatov, collection “As long as the earth turns,” p. 43, 1976)
This means that talent can still be inherited, you just need to work hard and develop its inclinations, to love life:
Let me leave the world one day
I won’t quench my thirst in it,
But people thirst for this thirst,
As long as the earth turns. (R. Gamzatov collection “As long as the earth turns” p. 43, 1976)
This is how the great poet, beloved by millions of readers, bequeathed to us, drawing wisdom, knowledge, customs and traditions of Dagestan, the basis of moral behavior, boundless love for life, for the native land, for the mother, for the woman, for the native language from his poetry, like a transparent, pure , a mountain spring with healing powers:
“...The region is dear to me,
Blooming and free
From the Baltic to Sakhalin, everything.
I will die for him anywhere,
But let them bury me in the ground here!
So that at the gravestone near the village
The Avars sometimes remembered
In the Avar word of fellow countryman Rasul -
The successor of Hamzat of Tsada." (R. Gamzatov, collection “As long as the earth turns.” P. 45, 1976)
Bibliography
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2. Aitmatov Ch. Let the harvest be fruitful. Rasul Gamzatov is a poet and citizen.
Makhachkala: 1963, p. 271.
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24. Magomed Akhmedov. Your name. Makhachkala: 2003, p. 8.
25. Tikhonov N.S. Poets of old Dagestan. Makhachkala: 1973, p. 11.
26. Khaibulaev S. Creative development of literary heritage. Heritage and discoveries. Makhachkala: 1983, p. 60.
27. Photos about Rasul Gamzatov and Dagestan - 50 pieces.