: , And . The village itself was located on the Chertanovka River, in the area of modern and.
In the literature there is a statement that the village of Chertanovo (Chertanovskaya) existed already in the 15th century, but its first documentary description is found only in the census book of the palace Kolomenskaya volost of 1675-1677, which noted the village “New Zaborya on the river on Chertanovka”, which is in advance This was the village of Chertanovo.” 22 peasant households and the sovereign’s garden are marked here, where the gardener lived. The same source clarifies the time and method of Chertanov’s emergence: “...in the seasoning books it is written: the village of Zaborya... and there are twenty households in it... and from that village the peasants were resettled to the village of Novoye Zaborya, which was previously the village of Chertanov.” Thus, it turns out that the village arose between 1646 and 1675.
For almost two centuries, Chertanovo was part of the palace, and since 1797 - appanage estates. In 1811, there were 28 households and 86 male souls in the village, in 1850 there were 25 households and 257 residents, in 1884 there were 42 households in which 339 people lived.
Since the village was located on the busy Serpukhov road, there was a postal station, the first from Moscow, as well as a transit house for prisoners, whose military team rented several huts from the peasants. The main occupation of local residents in the first half of the 19th century. was gardening, with raspberries being the predominant crop.
In the middle of the 19th century. the opening of the Kursk railway, through which cheaper southern fruits began to be delivered to the capital, led to a certain decline in gardening. All this forced the peasants to switch to the development of gardening, and at this time cabbage became the main crop in these places. This was facilitated both by the proximity of Moscow and the possibility of plowing low-lying areas along the Chertanovka River. In addition, additional crafts were developing - women were engaged in making cigarette sleeves and winding cotton threads onto spools.
The increase in the population of the village (in 1910 there were 80 farms and 406 residents) led to the fact that Chertanovo began to consist of two settlements. Since 1878, a zemstvo school appeared in it, transferred here from. 52 children studied here, among whom were many Old Believers.
After the revolution, Chertanovo continued to be one of the centers of gardening in this region near Moscow. The restoration of the economy destroyed by the Civil War gradually proceeded (by 1926, the area of the local gardens began to account for 49% of the area in 1911). In order to unite efforts to sell fruits and supply all the necessary equipment, a partnership for gardening and horticulture was formed here in 1927. During the years of collectivization, the collective farm “The Right Way” was created in Chertanovo.
Already in the 1930s, the first plans for the development of Chertanov and its inclusion within Moscow appeared. However, they were prevented by the Great Patriotic War. Only in 1960 Chertanovo became part of the city, and construction of an experimental residential area began here.
Pokrovskoe
In addition to Chertanov, there were other villages here. One of them was the village of Pokrovskoye, which also had another name - Gorodnya. It received it along the Gorodenka River and was located near the platform of the Kursk Pokrovskaya railway, in the area of modern streets.
In surviving sources, Pokrovskoye was first mentioned as the property of the Moscow Novospassky Monastery in 1544. Judging by the scribe book of 1627, there was a wooden Intercession Church in Pokrovskoye, and next door there was a monastery courtyard, in which lived the monastery elder who managed the estate, two monastery courtyards “ cubs", 9 peasant and 8 bobyl households. The local monastery estate included two more villages: Dmitrovskaya (disappeared in the 17th century) and Kotlyakovo.
Judging by the description of 1646, there were 21 peasant households (53 male souls); by 1678, 37 peasant and bobyl households were noted in the village, and the description of 1704 recorded 40 households, 143 male souls and a monastery farmyard. By this time the church was still listed as wooden, but by 1722 it was already made of stone.
In 1764, the monastic properties were secularized, and Pokrovskoye came under the jurisdiction of the College of Economy. When the Tsaritsyn estate was established, part of the possessions of the village of Pokrovskoye, about 80 acres in size, adjacent to the Verkhnetsaritsynsky pond, was delimited to the village of Tsaritsyn for the construction of a palace and park complex. As compensation, from the former possessions of the Simonov Monastery, local peasants were allocated a flood meadow of 20 acres on the left bank of the Moscow River (in the area of the modern ZIL plant). As for the local Church of the Intercession, it was the main one for the entire district, and its parish in 1785 included neighboring Kotlyakovo, Biryulyovo and Krasnoe (a total of 83 households and 681 peasants).
Under Paul I, the village of Pokrovskoye was transferred to the command ownership of Countess Anna Rodionovna Chernysheva, the widow of the former Moscow commander-in-chief, but under Alexander I it was again returned to state ownership. Judging by the “Economic Notes” of 1800, peasants were on quitrent, and local women “practised” in flax yarn.
Statistical sources of the 19th century. show the rapid growth of the local population. According to data from 1852, 93 households and 614 inhabitants were recorded here, and in 1859 there were already 108 households and 668 peasants. In the 1850s, some of the peasants moved to Serpukhovskoye Highway, where the village of Pokrovskiye Vyselki emerged (8 households with 52 peasants in 1859). The main occupation of local peasants, as throughout the area, was gardening, although other field crops were also grown along with it. The directory of 1884 notes two taverns in Pokrovsky, two inns, a shop and a tavern in Pokrovsky settlements. A similar publication in 1911 recorded a police officer’s apartment and a tavern in the village, and a state-owned wine shop in the settlements.
In 1900, near the village on local clay soils, the A.P. brick factory began operating. Verkhovsky, which employed 150 people in 1911. Zemstvo surveys of the 1880s showed that local peasant women were engaged in making cigarette sleeves, rewinding threads onto spools, and knitting stockings. However, by the beginning of the 20th century. all these industries have already come to naught.
From the events of local life at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. One can note the addition of the warm chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker to the Church of the Intercession. In 1879, in Pokrovsky settlements, thanks to the concerns of the zemstvo councilor of the village, Annino I.I. Dragunov opened a school for which a one-story wooden building was hired. It served the villages of Pokrovskoye, Pokrovskiye settlements, Krasnoye, Biryulyovo and Annino. In 1907, local priest I. Bogolepov opened a parochial school right in Pokrovskoye itself. A separate building was built for it the following year. The money for its construction was raised by the peasants themselves, and the missing amount was provided by the zemstvo and the Cyril and Methodius Society, which allocated 500 rubles. Up to 40 children studied at the school. By 1910, 187 households were recorded in the village of Pokrovskoye, 29 in Pokrovskiye settlements, with a population of 979 and 172 people, respectively.
The village retained its horticultural character even after the revolution. The 1930 guidebook noted that there were about 300 houses, its own cooperative and a club with a library. The village was electrified. During the years of collectivization, the collective farm “12th October” was organized here, and the Pokrovsky settlements became part of the Chertanovo collective farm “The Right Way”. In 1949, the “22nd kilometer” platform was opened near the village, a year later renamed “Pokrovskaya”. As for the temple, it was closed in 1930, and a small factory “Metalist” opened in its premises. For production needs, the dome of the church was demolished, the bell tower was dismantled down to the first tier, and in the late 1960s the apse was also dismantled. In the 1950s, two-story industrial buildings were erected around the temple.
Red
Annino
On the territory of the present, near the modern one, the village of Annino was once located. Unlike neighboring villages, its history was much shorter. It was founded in 1846 on the lands of the Znamenskoye-Sadki estate by the owner of the latter, Prince Nikolai Ivanovich Trubetskoy, and received its name after his wife Anna Andreevna, née Countess Gudovich. Some of the peasants from the neighboring village of Bitsy were resettled to the new settlement, and therefore it was sometimes called New Bitsy. In 1859, the village already had 24 households and 193 residents.
According to data from 1884, there were 35 households, 219 residents, one shop and a tavern. By 1910, the number of households increased to 45, and residents - to 247 people. Although the village was generally horticultural, the distance from Moscow still made itself felt. Therefore, the local economy was characterized by zemstvo statisticians as a transitional form, close to the grain type.
Some of the local residents, who went to earn money and permanent residence in Moscow and other cities, sold their land, and soon small estates appeared near Annin. So, in 1899, the ownership of State Councilor Mikhail Aleksandrovich Kokhanov was noted here, which in 1911 was owned by a certain Bartels.
Among the events of local life, one can note the opening in 1897 in Annino of the Bitsevsky Zemstvo School, established thanks to the concerns of the owner of the neighboring estate in Znamensky-Sadki A.M. Katkova. It was located in a rented wooden house, and in the 1903/04 school year there were 54 boys and 23 girls studying there. Two teachers taught. The girls were taught sewing and knitting stockings. The school had a large library, and public readings were organized. In 1900, near the village, peasant V.A. Kapustin opened a felted shoe factory that produced felt boots (later it became the Bitsevskaya felt factory). In 1911, it employed 40 people.
The small village of Chertanovo near Moscow gave its name to three districts of the Southern District: Northern Chertanovo, Central Chertanovo and Southern Chertanovo. The village itself was located on the Chertanovka River, in the area of modern Chertanovskaya Street and Warsaw Highway.
In the literature there is a statement that the village of Chertanovo (Chertanovskaya) existed already in the 15th century, but its first documentary description is found only in the census book of the palace Kolomenskaya volost of 1675-1677, which noted the village “Novaya Zaborya on the river on Chertanovka”, which is in advance This was the village of Chertanovo.” 22 peasant households and the sovereign’s garden are marked here, where the gardener lived. The same source clarifies the time and method of Chertanov’s emergence: “...in the seasoning books it is written: the village of Zaborya... and there are twenty households in it... and from that village the peasants were resettled to the village of Novoye Zaboriya, which was previously the village of Chertanov.” Thus, it turns out that the village arose between 1646 and 1675.
For almost two centuries, Chertanovo was part of the palace, and since 1797 - appanage estates. In 1811, there were 28 households and 86 male souls in the village, in 1850 there were 25 households and 257 residents, in 1884 there were 42 households in which 339 people lived.
Since the village was located on the busy Serpukhov road, there was a postal station, the first from Moscow, as well as a transit house for prisoners, whose military team rented several huts from the peasants. The main occupation of local residents in the first half of the 19th century. was gardening, with raspberries being the predominant crop.
In the middle of the 19th century. the opening of the Kursk railway, through which cheaper southern fruits began to be delivered to the capital, led to a certain decline in gardening. All this forced the peasants to switch to the development of gardening, and at this time cabbage became the main crop in these places. This was facilitated both by the proximity of Moscow and the possibility of plowing low-lying areas along the Chertanovka River. In addition, additional crafts were developing - women were engaged in making cigarette sleeves and winding cotton threads onto spools.
The increase in the population of the village (in 1910 there were 80 farms and 406 residents) led to the fact that Chertanovo began to consist of two settlements. Since 1878, a zemstvo school appeared in it, transferred here from Zyuzino. 52 children studied here, among whom were many Old Believers.
After the revolution, Chertanovo continued to be one of the centers of gardening in this region near Moscow. The restoration of the economy destroyed by the Civil War gradually proceeded (by 1926, the area of the local gardens began to account for 49% of the area in 1911). In order to unite efforts to sell fruits and supply all the necessary equipment, a partnership for gardening and horticulture was formed here in 1927. During the years of collectivization, the collective farm “The Right Way” was created in Chertanovo.
Already in the 1930s, the first plans for the development of Chertanov and its inclusion within Moscow appeared. However, they were prevented by the Great Patriotic War. Only in 1960 Chertanovo became part of the capital, and construction of an experimental residential area began here.
Pokrovskoe
In addition to Chertanov, there were other villages here. One of them was the village of Pokrovskoye, which also had another name - Gorodnya. It received it along the Gorodenka River and was located near the platform of the Kursk railway “Pokrovskaya”, in the area of the modern streets of Podolsk cadets, 3rd Dorozhny passage.
In surviving sources, Pokrovskoye was first mentioned as the property of the Moscow Novospassky Monastery in 1544. Judging by the scribe book of 1627, there was a wooden Intercession Church in Pokrovskoye, and next door there was a monastery courtyard, in which lived the monastery elder who managed the estate, two monastery courtyards “ cubs", 9 peasant and 8 bobyl households. The local monastery estate included two more villages: Dmitrovskaya (disappeared in the 17th century) and Kotlyakovo.
Judging by the description of 1646, there were 21 peasant households (53 male souls); by 1678, 37 peasant and bobyl households were noted in the village, and the description of 1704 recorded 40 households, 143 male souls and a monastery farmyard. By this time the church was still listed as wooden, but by 1722 it was already made of stone.
In 1764, the monastic properties were secularized, and Pokrovskoye came under the jurisdiction of the College of Economy. When the Tsaritsyn estate was established, part of the possessions of the village of Pokrovskoye, about 80 acres in size, adjacent to the Verkhnetsaritsynsky pond, was delimited to the village of Tsaritsyn for the construction of a palace and park complex. As compensation, from the former possessions of the Simonov Monastery, local peasants were allocated a flood meadow of 20 acres on the left bank of the Moscow River (in the area of the modern ZIL plant). As for the local Church of the Intercession, it was the main one for the entire district, and its parish in 1785 included neighboring Kotlyakovo, Biryulyovo and Krasnoe (a total of 83 households and 681 peasants).
Under Paul I, the village of Pokrovskoye was transferred to the command ownership of Countess Anna Rodionovna Chernysheva, the widow of the former Moscow commander-in-chief, but under Alexander I it was again returned to state ownership. Judging by the “Economic Notes” of 1800, the peasants were on quitrent, and local women “practised” in flax yarn.
Statistical sources of the 19th century. show the rapid growth of the local population. According to data from 1852, 93 households and 614 inhabitants were recorded here, and in 1859 there were already 108 households and 668 peasants. In the 1850s, some of the peasants moved to Serpukhovskoye Highway, where the village of Pokrovskiye Vyselki emerged (8 households with 52 peasants in 1859). The main occupation of local peasants, as throughout the area, was gardening, although other field crops were also grown along with it. The directory of 1884 notes two taverns in Pokrovsky, two inns, a shop and a tavern in Pokrovsky settlements. A similar publication in 1911 recorded a police officer’s apartment and a tavern in the village, and a state-owned wine shop in the settlements.
In 1900, near the village on local clay soils, the A.P. brick factory began operating. Verkhovsky, which employed 150 people in 1911. Zemstvo surveys of the 1880s showed that local peasant women were engaged in making cigarette sleeves, rewinding threads onto spools, and knitting stockings. However, by the beginning of the 20th century. all these industries have already come to naught.
From the events of local life at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. One can note the addition of the warm chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker to the Church of the Intercession. In 1879, in Pokrovsky settlements, thanks to the concerns of the zemstvo councilor of the village of Annino, I. I. Dragunov, a school was opened, for which a one-story wooden building was hired. It served the villages of Pokrovskoye, Pokrovskiye settlements, Krasnoye, Biryulyovo and Annino. In 1907, local priest I. Bogolepov opened a parochial school right in Pokrovskoye itself. A separate building was built for it the following year. The money for its construction was raised by the peasants themselves, and the missing amount was provided by the zemstvo and the Cyril and Methodius Society, which allocated 500 rubles. Up to 40 children studied at the school. By 1910, 187 households were recorded in the village of Pokrovskoye, 29 in Pokrovskiye settlements, with a population of 979 and 172 people, respectively.
The village retained its horticultural character even after the revolution. The 1930 guidebook noted that there were about 300 houses, its own cooperative and a club with a library. The village was electrified. During the years of collectivization, the “12th October” collective farm was organized here, and the Pokrovsky settlements became part of the Chertanovo collective farm “The Right Way”. In 1949, the “22nd kilometer” platform was opened near the village, a year later renamed “Pokrovskaya”. As for the temple, it was closed in 1930, and a small factory “Metalist” opened in its premises. For production needs, the dome of the church was demolished, the bell tower was dismantled down to the first tier, and in the late 1960s the apse was also dismantled. In the 1950s, two-story industrial buildings were erected around the temple.
Pokrovskoye became part of Moscow in 1960. Gradually, rural houses were demolished, and their place was taken by multi-story buildings. Nowadays, only the restored Intercession Church, handed over to believers in 1990, and the names of the Pokrovskaya platform, Intercession Cemetery and 2nd Pokrovskaya Street remind of the village.
Red
On the territory of the current Chertanovo Central district, in the area of modern Chertanovskaya, Krasny Mayak, and Dnepropetrovskaya streets, the village of Krasnoye was once located. Judging by the scribe book of 1627, at the end of the 16th century. The village was located on the estate of clerk Pyotr Mikulin. During the Time of Troubles, the village was devastated and turned into a wasteland, which at the time of its description was owned by the clerk’s children, Luka and Yakov, as an estate.
Documents of the 17th century Frequent changes of owners have been recorded here. According to data from 1646, after the Mikulins, “the village that was the Krasnoe wasteland” was on the estate of Timofey Fedorovich Karaulov. The census book of 1678 noted the village in the possession of the treasurer Ivan Bogdanovich Kamynin. Later, he gave Red as a dowry for his daughter to Prince Yakov Nikitich Urusov. In 1709, “the village of Krasnoe on the pond, driving from Moscow on the right side of the Bolshie Serpukhov roads,” belonged to their son, Prince Alexander Yakovlevich Urusov, who later studied marine science in England and served as a midshipman. Here are marked a “patrimonial courtyard” with 14 “business” people, one of whom is a gardener, and 5 peasant households with 10 male souls.
After A.L. Urusov, the estate passed to his son Alexander. Among his contemporaries, Alexander Alexandrovich Urusov was known as a lover and connoisseur of Russian antiquities, a collector and a “zealous zealot for enlightenment.” He donated an entire museum of minerals, coins, medals, mosaics, and an excellent library to Moscow University. “Economic Notes” give the following description of the village of that time: “On dry land, near the Bolshaya Serpukhov road, a wooden manor house, with a fruitful garden, clay soil, moderate bread, good mowing, wood timber, peasants on arable land (i.e., corvée . - Author)". In total, in 1773 there were 8 households with 72 peasants.
Since A.A. Urusov had no children, Krasnoye was inherited by his second cousin Irina Grigorievna Urusova, who married Prince A.I. Gagarin. At the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. the owner of the estate became their son, Prince Ivan Alekseevich Gagarin, a participant in the storming of Izmail, one of the founders of the Society for the Encouragement of Artists, as well as one of the most famous Russian masons of his time. His second wife was the famous actress Ekaterina Semyonova. During his time on the estate, in addition to the manor's house and garden, there was a greenhouse and a windmill. In 1797, there were 11 households with 93 peasants.
Since I. A. Gagarin served at the court in St. Petersburg, he only visited Moscow on short visits and therefore in 1808 he sold Krasnoe to the famous Moscow rich man and hospitable man, owner of the Lyublino estate Nikolai Alekseevich Durasov. Then the village, which suffered greatly during the Patriotic War of 1812, was sold to the owner's relative, Moscow vice-governor Yegor Aleksandrovich Durasov, and from him it went to the officer's wife Lyubov Ilyinichna Zhitkova, from whom she inherited it in 1855 to her husband Alexei Nikolaevich Zhitkov and daughter Elizaveta. The latter married Colonel Kushnerev and in 1871, having received 1/7 of his share as a gift from her father, she became the full owner of the Krasnoe estate with 160 acres of land. In 1911, the estate was owned by a certain Ananyeva.
According to the charter of 1863, 48 peasants of Krasny received a land allotment of almost 115 acres of land. The population was engaged in gardening, growing potatoes and grains. However, the distance from Moscow made itself felt: even at the beginning of the 20th century. here, unlike the villages closer to the mother throne, there were no profitable vegetable gardens, a fallow field was preserved, and part of the land was even empty. Among the additional crafts, surveys noted in the 1880s the work of local peasant women in making cigarette sleeves and rewinding cotton threads onto spools. According to data from 1884, there were 14 households in the village, in which 106 people lived, and a chapel. By 1910, the number of farms increased to 25, and residents - to 153 people.
After the revolution, according to information from 1926, 196 residents lived here. Due to the nationalization of the estate, the amount of land owned by them increased by approximately 1/3, to 143 hectares. Subsequently, the state farm “Red Lighthouse” was formed here, using part of the estate’s buildings.
Krasnoye became part of the city in 1960. But the state farm existed until 1974, when mass housing construction began here. Nowadays, the memory of the state farm, and through it of the village, is preserved only in the name of the Red Mayak street.
Annino
On the territory of the current Chertanovo Yuzhnoye district, near the modern metro station of the same name, the village of Annino was once located. Unlike neighboring villages, its history was much shorter. It was founded in 1846 on the lands of the Znamenskoye-Sadki estate by the owner of the latter, Prince Nikolai Ivanovich Trubetskoy, and received its name after his wife Anna Andreevna, née Countess Gudovich. Some of the peasants from the neighboring village of Bitsy were resettled to the new settlement, and therefore it was sometimes called New Bitsy. In 1859, the village already had 24 households and 193 residents.
According to data from 1884, there were 35 households, 219 residents, one shop and a tavern. By 1910, the number of households increased to 45, and residents - to 247 people. Although the village was generally horticultural, the distance from Moscow still made itself felt. Therefore, the local economy was characterized by zemstvo statisticians as a transitional form, close to the grain type.
Some of the local residents, who went to earn money and permanent residence in Moscow and other cities, sold their land, and soon small estates appeared near Annin. So, in 1899, the ownership of State Councilor Mikhail Aleksandrovich Kokhanov was noted here, which in 1911 was owned by a certain Bartels.
Among the events of local life, one can note the opening in 1897 in Annino of the Bitsevsky Zemstvo School, established thanks to the concerns of the owner of the neighboring estate in Znamensky-Sadki A. M. Katkov. It was located in a rented wooden house, and in the 1903/04 school year there were 54 boys and 23 girls studying there. Two teachers taught. The girls were taught sewing and knitting stockings. The school had a large library, and public readings were organized. In 1900, near the village, peasant V.A. Kapustin opened a felted shoe factory that produced felt boots (later it became the Bitsevskaya felt factory). In 1911, it employed 40 people.
In 1918, part of the village’s land became part of the Biryulyovo-Annino state farm, which employed 73 people in 1927. As for the former Kapustin factory, it was nationalized. The village itself was located on both sides of the Serpukhov highway and practically merged with the neighboring village of Bitsy.
In 1960, the village became part of Moscow. Of the previous buildings, only the factory building has survived. Nowadays the memory of the village is preserved only in the name of the metro station.
: , And . The village itself was located on the Chertanovka River, in the area of modern and.
In the literature there is a statement that the village of Chertanovo (Chertanovskaya) existed already in the 15th century, but its first documentary description is found only in the census book of the palace Kolomenskaya volost of 1675-1677, which noted the village “New Zaborya on the river on Chertanovka”, which is in advance This was the village of Chertanovo.” 22 peasant households and the sovereign’s garden are marked here, where the gardener lived. The same source clarifies the time and method of Chertanov’s emergence: “...in the seasoning books it is written: the village of Zaborya... and there are twenty households in it... and from that village the peasants were resettled to the village of Novoye Zaborya, which was previously the village of Chertanov.” Thus, it turns out that the village arose between 1646 and 1675.
For almost two centuries, Chertanovo was part of the palace, and since 1797 - appanage estates. In 1811, there were 28 households and 86 male souls in the village, in 1850 there were 25 households and 257 residents, in 1884 there were 42 households in which 339 people lived.
Since the village was located on the busy Serpukhov road, there was a postal station, the first from Moscow, as well as a transit house for prisoners, whose military team rented several huts from the peasants. The main occupation of local residents in the first half of the 19th century. was gardening, with raspberries being the predominant crop.
In the middle of the 19th century. the opening of the Kursk railway, through which cheaper southern fruits began to be delivered to the capital, led to a certain decline in gardening. All this forced the peasants to switch to the development of gardening, and at this time cabbage became the main crop in these places. This was facilitated both by the proximity of Moscow and the possibility of plowing low-lying areas along the Chertanovka River. In addition, additional crafts were developing - women were engaged in making cigarette sleeves and winding cotton threads onto spools.
The increase in the population of the village (in 1910 there were 80 farms and 406 residents) led to the fact that Chertanovo began to consist of two settlements. Since 1878, a zemstvo school appeared in it, transferred here from. 52 children studied here, among whom were many Old Believers.
After the revolution, Chertanovo continued to be one of the centers of gardening in this region near Moscow. The restoration of the economy destroyed by the Civil War gradually proceeded (by 1926, the area of the local gardens began to account for 49% of the area in 1911). In order to unite efforts to sell fruits and supply all the necessary equipment, a partnership for gardening and horticulture was formed here in 1927. During the years of collectivization, the collective farm “The Right Way” was created in Chertanovo.
Already in the 1930s, the first plans for the development of Chertanov and its inclusion within Moscow appeared. However, they were prevented by the Great Patriotic War. Only in 1960 Chertanovo became part of the city, and construction of an experimental residential area began here.
Pokrovskoe
In addition to Chertanov, there were other villages here. One of them was the village of Pokrovskoye, which also had another name - Gorodnya. It received it along the Gorodenka River and was located near the platform of the Kursk Pokrovskaya railway, in the area of modern streets.
In surviving sources, Pokrovskoye was first mentioned as the property of the Moscow Novospassky Monastery in 1544. Judging by the scribe book of 1627, there was a wooden Intercession Church in Pokrovskoye, and next door there was a monastery courtyard, in which lived the monastery elder who managed the estate, two monastery courtyards “ cubs", 9 peasant and 8 bobyl households. The local monastery estate included two more villages: Dmitrovskaya (disappeared in the 17th century) and Kotlyakovo.
Judging by the description of 1646, there were 21 peasant households (53 male souls); by 1678, 37 peasant and bobyl households were noted in the village, and the description of 1704 recorded 40 households, 143 male souls and a monastery farmyard. By this time the church was still listed as wooden, but by 1722 it was already made of stone.
In 1764, the monastic properties were secularized, and Pokrovskoye came under the jurisdiction of the College of Economy. When the Tsaritsyn estate was established, part of the possessions of the village of Pokrovskoye, about 80 acres in size, adjacent to the Verkhnetsaritsynsky pond, was delimited to the village of Tsaritsyn for the construction of a palace and park complex. As compensation, from the former possessions of the Simonov Monastery, local peasants were allocated a flood meadow of 20 acres on the left bank of the Moscow River (in the area of the modern ZIL plant). As for the local Church of the Intercession, it was the main one for the entire district, and its parish in 1785 included neighboring Kotlyakovo, Biryulyovo and Krasnoe (a total of 83 households and 681 peasants).
Under Paul I, the village of Pokrovskoye was transferred to the command ownership of Countess Anna Rodionovna Chernysheva, the widow of the former Moscow commander-in-chief, but under Alexander I it was again returned to state ownership. Judging by the “Economic Notes” of 1800, peasants were on quitrent, and local women “practised” in flax yarn.
Statistical sources of the 19th century. show the rapid growth of the local population. According to data from 1852, 93 households and 614 inhabitants were recorded here, and in 1859 there were already 108 households and 668 peasants. In the 1850s, some of the peasants moved to Serpukhovskoye Highway, where the village of Pokrovskiye Vyselki emerged (8 households with 52 peasants in 1859). The main occupation of local peasants, as throughout the area, was gardening, although other field crops were also grown along with it. The directory of 1884 notes two taverns in Pokrovsky, two inns, a shop and a tavern in Pokrovsky settlements. A similar publication in 1911 recorded a police officer’s apartment and a tavern in the village, and a state-owned wine shop in the settlements.
In 1900, near the village on local clay soils, the A.P. brick factory began operating. Verkhovsky, which employed 150 people in 1911. Zemstvo surveys of the 1880s showed that local peasant women were engaged in making cigarette sleeves, rewinding threads onto spools, and knitting stockings. However, by the beginning of the 20th century. all these industries have already come to naught.
From the events of local life at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. One can note the addition of the warm chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker to the Church of the Intercession. In 1879, in Pokrovsky settlements, thanks to the concerns of the zemstvo councilor of the village, Annino I.I. Dragunov opened a school for which a one-story wooden building was hired. It served the villages of Pokrovskoye, Pokrovskiye settlements, Krasnoye, Biryulyovo and Annino. In 1907, local priest I. Bogolepov opened a parochial school right in Pokrovskoye itself. A separate building was built for it the following year. The money for its construction was raised by the peasants themselves, and the missing amount was provided by the zemstvo and the Cyril and Methodius Society, which allocated 500 rubles. Up to 40 children studied at the school. By 1910, 187 households were recorded in the village of Pokrovskoye, 29 in Pokrovskiye settlements, with a population of 979 and 172 people, respectively.
The village retained its horticultural character even after the revolution. The 1930 guidebook noted that there were about 300 houses, its own cooperative and a club with a library. The village was electrified. During the years of collectivization, the collective farm “12th October” was organized here, and the Pokrovsky settlements became part of the Chertanovo collective farm “The Right Way”. In 1949, the “22nd kilometer” platform was opened near the village, a year later renamed “Pokrovskaya”. As for the temple, it was closed in 1930, and a small factory “Metalist” opened in its premises. For production needs, the dome of the church was demolished, the bell tower was dismantled down to the first tier, and in the late 1960s the apse was also dismantled. In the 1950s, two-story industrial buildings were erected around the temple.
Red
Annino
On the territory of the present, near the modern one, the village of Annino was once located. Unlike neighboring villages, its history was much shorter. It was founded in 1846 on the lands of the Znamenskoye-Sadki estate by the owner of the latter, Prince Nikolai Ivanovich Trubetskoy, and received its name after his wife Anna Andreevna, née Countess Gudovich. Some of the peasants from the neighboring village of Bitsy were resettled to the new settlement, and therefore it was sometimes called New Bitsy. In 1859, the village already had 24 households and 193 residents.
According to data from 1884, there were 35 households, 219 residents, one shop and a tavern. By 1910, the number of households increased to 45, and residents - to 247 people. Although the village was generally horticultural, the distance from Moscow still made itself felt. Therefore, the local economy was characterized by zemstvo statisticians as a transitional form, close to the grain type.
Some of the local residents, who went to earn money and permanent residence in Moscow and other cities, sold their land, and soon small estates appeared near Annin. So, in 1899, the ownership of State Councilor Mikhail Aleksandrovich Kokhanov was noted here, which in 1911 was owned by a certain Bartels.
Among the events of local life, one can note the opening in 1897 in Annino of the Bitsevsky Zemstvo School, established thanks to the concerns of the owner of the neighboring estate in Znamensky-Sadki A.M. Katkova. It was located in a rented wooden house, and in the 1903/04 school year there were 54 boys and 23 girls studying there. Two teachers taught. The girls were taught sewing and knitting stockings. The school had a large library, and public readings were organized. In 1900, near the village, peasant V.A. Kapustin opened a felted shoe factory that produced felt boots (later it became the Bitsevskaya felt factory). In 1911, it employed 40 people.
The Chertanovo Yuzhnoye district is historically associated with the small village of Chertanovo near Moscow, which gave its name to three districts of Moscow. Chertanovo was located on the banks of the Chertanovka River, where Chertanovskaya Street and Varshavskoe Highway now pass.
The first documentary information about Chertanovo is found in the census book of the palace Kolomenskaya volost of 1675-1677. From the book you can find out that at that time in the village there were 22 peasant households and a sovereign garden.
For almost two hundred years, the village was part of the palace estates, and in 1797 it became an appanage domain. In 1884, Chertanovo already had 42 households and 339 residents. The population continued to grow, and in 1910 there were 80 farms and 406 residents. Now Chertanovo consisted of two settlements. Back in 1878, the Zemstvo School, in which 52 students studied, was transferred from the village of Zyuzino to Chertanovo.
The first postal station from Moscow was located in the village; a prison house for prisoners was set up here, and its military team rented huts from local peasants.
Initially, the peasants of Chertanov were engaged in gardening, most often growing raspberries. After the Kursk Railway was put into operation in the mid-19th century, cheaper fruits from the south began to be delivered to Moscow. Income from gardening fell, and the residents of Chertanovo began to develop vegetable gardening. One of the most popular crops grown here was cabbage. Low-lying areas along the banks of the Chertanovka River were plowed up for vegetable gardens, and the proximity of Moscow made it possible to profitably sell the harvest. In the off-season, women earned extra money by making cigarette sleeves and winding cotton threads onto spools.
After the revolution of 1917 and the end of the civil war, the destroyed economy was gradually restored, and gardening in Chertanovo was also revived. In 1927, a partnership for gardening and horticulture was formed in the village, which was engaged in marketing products and providing gardeners with all the necessary equipment. During the years of collectivization, the collective farm True Path was formed on the basis of partnership.
In the 1930s, the first plan for the development of Chertanov and the inclusion of the village within the city was developed, but the outbreak of the war prevented its implementation. Chertanovo became part of Moscow only in 1960, and the territory of the village began to be built up with modern multi-storey buildings. In addition to Chertanov, there were other settlements in the region, in particular the village of Pokrovskoye (Gorodnya).
The village was named after the Gorodenka River. It was located next to the Pokrovskaya railway station of the Kursk railway. Now this place is occupied by the streets of Podolsk Cadets and 3rd Dorozhny Proezd. Pokrovskoye was first mentioned in 1544 as a possession of the Moscow Novospassky Monastery. Not only local children studied at the zemstvo school, which operated in Pokrovskoye. But also children from the Pokrovsky settlements, the villages of Krasnoye, Biryulyovo and Annino.
In 1907, Pokrovsky priest I. Bogolepov opened a parish school in Pokrovsky, in which 40 children studied. In 1910, there were 187 households in Pokrovsky, and another 29 in Pokrovsky settlements. The total number of residents reached 1,151. Local peasants were also engaged in gardening and vegetable gardening; in 1930, there were about 300 houses, a club and a library. Electricity was supplied to the village.
During the period of collectivization, the 12th October collective farm was organized in Pokrovsky, and the Pokrovsky settlements became part of the Chertanovsky collective farm The Right Way. In 1949, the 22nd kilometer railway platform appeared near the village, later renamed Pokrovskaya.
The church in the village of Pokrovskoye was closed in 1930, and a small Metalist plant was located in its premises. For the needs of the plant in the 1950s, two-story production buildings were built around the church.
In 1960, Pokrovskoye became part of Moscow, and rural development was replaced by urban development. The Church of the Intercession was returned to believers in 1990, and is now operational.
Another village. Located in the past on the territory of the Chertanovo Yuzhnoye - Annino district. It was located near the Annino metro station. The village was founded in 1846 on the lands of the Znamenskoye-Sadki estate, which belonged to Prince Nikolai Ivanovich Trubetskoy. The prince named the village after his wife, Anna Andreevna, née Countess Gudovich. To settle Annino, peasants were moved here from the neighboring village of Bitsy. Therefore, Annino was often called the New Bitsy.
In 1910, there were 45 households and 247 residents in Annino. Most of the residents were engaged in gardening, but there were also those who, having sold their land, went to work in Moscow and other cities. Small estates began to be built on the vacated plots.
In 1890, Annino resident Vladimir Andreevich Kapustin founded a small production of felted shoes. The production developed successfully, and in 1900 it became an enterprise with the name “Steam Factory of Down and Felt Shoes of Pyotr Vladimirovich Kapustin.” The factory's products were of good quality, which was confirmed by the receipt of gold medals in Moscow, Genoa and Paris.
In 1918, part of Annino’s land was transferred to the Biryulyovo-Annino state farm. Kapustin's factory was nationalized. By this time, the village of Annino, located on both sides of the Serpukhov highway, had practically merged with the village of Bitsy. Annino became part of the city in 1960. From the old buildings, only the factory building has survived to this day.
In 1895, brick production began in this area. Not far from the village of Pokrovskoye, at the 23rd verst of the Kursk Railway, engineer Alexander Petrovich Verkhovsky built a brick factory. Some time later, on Verkhovsky’s initiative, a railway line was laid to the plant. Gradually, a workers' settlement of barracks grew up around the brick factory. After the October Revolution, the plant would be renamed "Tsaritsyn Brick Plant" No. 22 NKPS. It was a powerful enterprise that produced up to 73,000 bricks per year. The plant employed 408 workers, 37 junior service personnel and 30 office workers.
When the authorities began to reconstruct the center of Moscow in the early 1930s, a large number of old houses were demolished and their residents evicted to the nearest suburbs. Paying them 2,000 rubles per head. The result of these actions was the emergence of the village of Krasny Stroitel, which grew up on a field located opposite a brick factory on the other side of the railroad. But in 1960, most of the Krasny Stroitel village was demolished, and a number of industrial enterprises were built on this site. The remaining part of the village was preserved and became part of the Yuzhnoye Chertanovo district.
Back in the second half of the 19th century, the Ferrein estate arose in these places, which was reflected in the coat of arms of the region. The estate consisted of two winter cottages, White and Yellow, a botanical garden and extensive territory occupied by plantations of medicinal plants. In 1931, the All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) was formed on the basis of the estate.
Before the October Revolution, the territories of all three Chertanovo districts were part of the Zyuzinsky volost of the Moscow district. Then, it was the Leninsky district of the Moscow region, and since 1960 - the Moskvoretsky district of Moscow. The Moskvoretsky district was subsequently renamed Sovetsky, and in 1991, after administrative reform, the temporary municipal district of Chertanovo Yuzhnoye appeared, which was transformed into a district in 1995.
Massive residential development in the area began in 1968. Construction took place on an area of more than 2,000 hectares in the area between the railway track and the Bitsevsky forest park. The authors of the architectural project were such famous Soviet architects as V.L. Voskresensky, M.V. Posokhin, A.G. Shapiro, T.N. Drozdova and others. When creating a residential complex in Chertanovo, new principles of planning and development were applied, new types of residential and public buildings were created, and the most rational principles of design and construction were introduced.
Historical reference:
1544 - Pokrovskoye belonged to the Moscow Novospassky Monastery1627 - there was a wooden Church of the Intercession in the village
19th century - some of the residents of Pokrovskoye were relocated to Serpukhovskoye Highway, where the village of Pokrovskiye Vyselki arose
1846 - the village of Annino was founded on the lands of the Znamenskoye-Sadki estate
1875 - The Moscow district zemstvo opened an elementary public school in the village with a public library in Chertanovo
1878 - the Zemstvo School was transferred to the village of Chertanovo from Zyuzino
1879 - a school was opened in Pokrovsky settlements
1897 - Bitsevskoye Zemstvo School began operating in Annino. 1900 - A.P. brick factory was built near the village of Pokrovskoye. Verkhovsky - the clay soil was conducive to this production
1900 - near Annina, peasant V.A. Kapustin founded a small factory of felted shoes
1907 - in Pokrovsky, priest I. Bogolepov opened a parochial school
1910 - Chertanovo consisted of two settlements
1927 - a partnership for gardening and horticulture appeared in Chertanovo
1930 - The church in Pokrovsky was closed
In 1949, the 22nd kilometer railway platform was opened near Pokrovsky
1960 - the collective farm in Chertanovo was abolished, and its lands entered the city boundaries
1960 - Chertanovo, Pokrovskoye and Annino entered Moscow
1974 - the collective farm in Krasnoye was abolished
1990 - Intercession Church was restored and became operational again
1991 - the temporary municipal district of Chertanovo Yuzhnoye was formed
1995 - Chertanovo Yuzhnoye district was formed
This area is located in the Southern District, and its name was given by the old village of Chertanovo. Its former territory in our time is included in the lands of three districts at once: Chertanov Central, Southern and Northern. But there were also other settlements that played a part in history of Chertanovo North important role.
Chertanovo village
The appearance of its name is not clearly confirmed by documents. There are several versions of the origin of such an unusual name, and none of them is associated with any dark and unclean forces. The basis of the word “Chertanovo” was “line”, that is, “division, border”. The name of the village was given either by the Chertanovka river, which originates at the Trubetskoy estate in Uzkoye and divides this estate from Konkovo, or by the name of the settler Fyodor Chertanov, mentioned in the 16th century. Philologists do not exclude the Finno-Ugric origin of the name.
The first recorded mention of Chertanov as an existing village dates back to 1675. Then it was assigned to the Ascension Monastery. On the initiative of the abbess of the monastery, a church was built in Chertanovo in 1643. Perhaps it burned down quite quickly, and Chertanovo reduced its status from a village to a village. After secularization in 1764, it became the property of the emperors from the church department.
After the reform of 1861, each of the 120 Chertanovo peasants received a land allotment. This gave them the opportunity to engage in gardening (raspberries were especially famous) or rent out plots. The location on the Serpukhov road and the opening of the Kursk railway dictated some changes in the way of life of the village. A prison house and a postal station appeared. Fruits from the south of the country, transported to the capital by rail, contributed to the decline in gardening and the development of vegetable growing and cabbage cultivation. In 1878, a zemstvo school was opened in the village.
Other settlements
Pokrovskoye is a village known to us since 1544, the second name is Gorodnya. It was registered with the Novospassky Monastery, which by 1627 built the Intercession Church here, which gave the name to the village. Later it was rebuilt, but from stone. In 1704, 143 people lived in Pokrovskoye. In 1764 the village was transferred to the treasury. Paul I gave it to Countess Chernysheva, but Alexander I returned it to the state treasury. In 1859, 668 peasants lived here, 52 of whom were separated and settled along the Serpukhov road, establishing Pokrovsky settlements.
Clay soil became the reason for the emergence of a brick factory in Pokrovsky, which in 1911 employed 150 workers.
The village of Krasnoye and the village of Annino also played a role in history of Chertanovo North. Krasnoye was first mentioned in 1627; in 1926 there were 196 inhabitants. Annino is a relatively young village, founded in 1846. Prince Trubetskoy allocated land from his estate for it and gave it the name of his wife Anna. Residents were transported from the village of Bitsy. In 1910, 247 residents were registered here. In Annino there was a zemstvo school and a manufactory that produced felt boots (the future felt factory).
New history of the Chertanovo North district
During the period of collectivization, the “True Path” collective farm was organized in Chertanovo, and “12th October” in Pokrovsky. The church in Pokrovsky was closed in 1930 and a factory was opened in it. Today it is functioning again, but belongs to Chertanovo Yuzhny. At the same time, a plan was developed to annex Chertanov and Pokrovsky to the city, but the outbreak of war shifted the deadline to 1960. Mass housing development of the former villages began.