Work program in sociology for bachelors. Program of the discipline "Sociology"

MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

State budgetary educational institution

higher professional education

MOSCOW STATE

MEDICAL AND DENTAL UNIVERSITY named after. A.I. EVDOKIMOVA

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL MEDICINE AND SOCIAL WORK

WORKING PROGRAM OF THE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE

SOCIOLOGY
Direction of training

39. 03. 02 Social work (bachelor)

Training profile
medical and social work with the population
Graduate qualification (degree)

Bachelor

Form of study

Moscow 2014

The work program of the academic discipline "Sociology" is compiled on the basis of the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education in the field of training "Social Work" (qualification (degree) "Bachelor"), approved by Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated December 8, 2009 No. 709 and in accordance with the working curriculum of the training area 39.03.02, approved by the rector of MSMSU. O.O. Yanushevich.

Compiled by: E.N. PODDUBNAYA, Associate Professor of the Department of Social Medicine and Social Work, Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor.
Reviewers: I.E. LUKYANOVA, Professor of the Department of Social Medicine and Social Work, Doctor of Medical Sciences.
HE. KRASNOVA, Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences and Humanities, Candidate of Political Sciences, Russian State University of Tourism and Service.
The work program was discussed at a meeting of the Department of Social Medicine and Social Work

"24" 01 2014 Protocol No. _6_

Head department, corresponding member RAO, professor ______________ A.V. Martynenko

The work program was considered at a meeting of the methodological commission in the field of training “Social work”

"30" ______01_______ 2014 Protocol No. _1_

Chairman of the Methodological Commission, corresponding member. RAO, professor

A.V. Martynenko

The work program was approved at a meeting of the Central Methodological Council of MGMSU

" " __ ____2014 Protocol No. __

Chairman of the Central Medical Council, corresponding member. RAMS, professor

E.V. Lutsevich

Goals and objectives of mastering the discipline

The goals of the academic discipline “Sociology” are:

– formation in students of a system of knowledge about the basic patterns and forms of regulation of social behavior, about social communities and groups, types and results of social processes, facts of personality formation in the process of its socialization;

– development of the ability to theoretically analyze the most significant social problems that determine the nature of the development of modern society;

– developing the ability to identify social problems of modern society, analyze them, discuss them, and also compare ways to resolve the main problems that determine the strategic perspective of social development.
The objectives of the academic discipline “Sociology” are:

– mastering knowledge of theoretical principles that provide understanding of the basic socio-technological methods of social work, social protection and social development of various population groups;

– mastering methods of conducting social research, social diagnostics, forecasting and modeling processes in the social sphere;

– mastering practical skills in developing a program and other sociological research documents, using the most important methods of collecting social information, summarizing and analyzing it, formulating conclusions and practical recommendations on this basis;

– familiarization with the technologies of applied sociological research, its types, stages, methodology, techniques and techniques.

The place of discipline in the structure of OOP

The discipline “Sociology” is included in the basic part of the humanitarian, social and economic cycle of disciplines studied in the direction of preparation “Social work”. The study of sociology requires an understanding of basic socio-philosophical terminology, knowledge of philosophical movements and schools, an understanding of the place and role of one’s profession in the socio-professional structure of society. Studying a sociology course enables students to competently and purposefully approach the study of disciplines of the professional cycle.

Student competencies formed as a result of mastering the discipline

The process of studying the discipline is aimed at developing the following competencies:

As a result of mastering the discipline, the student must demonstrate the following educational results:

KNOW	the main stages in the development of social culture in Russia, the specifics of the country’s sociocultural development; Basic concepts of sociology, structure of sociological knowledge, stages of development of sociology; Main sociological schools of Western countries and Russia; Basic concepts of social structure, stratification, social mobility, socialization of the individual; Fundamentals of the theory of anomie, deviant behavior and social control; Basic provisions of the theory of social institutions; Basic methods of conducting sociological research, rules for drawing up a research program, developing tools, presenting research results; Fundamentals of the theory of social change, development of culture and civilization, types of societies; Fundamentals of theory and practical aspects of globalization processes.
BE ABLE TO	give an objective assessment of various social phenomena and processes occurring in society; Understand the needs of society, individuals and the possibilities of sociocultural knowledge in solving emerging individual, personal and social problems; Identify various social problems that arise among clients; Take part in empirical social research and present their results; Analyze, structure, evaluate social information, highlight the main thing in it; Identify different ways to solve research problems; Systematically use the results of scientific research to improve the efficiency of social services.
OWN	methods of analysis of social phenomena and processes; The conceptual apparatus of modern sociology, methods of independent analysis of sociological literature; Skills in conducting empirical social research and presenting their results.
BE COMPETENT	in determining the scientific and practical value of problems to be solved in the field of social work, drawing up practical recommendations for using the results of scientific research; In determining the characteristics of various social groups in matters of social services to the population; In assessing the effectiveness of the work of social institutions and organizations on which the social well-being of the Russian population depends; In the implementation of forecasting, design, modeling and expert assessment of social processes and phenomena in the field of psychosocial, structural and comprehensively oriented social work; When analyzing the specifics of the sociocultural space, the infrastructure for ensuring the social well-being of representatives of various social groups.

Scope of discipline and types of academic work

The total labor intensity of the discipline is 4 credit units - 144 hours.
Number of hours according to the curriculum (full-time study)
Total – 144 hours.

Classroom classes – 38 hours, including lectures – 19 hours, group classes – 19 hours. 10 hours of interactive lessons.

Independent work 79 hours.

№	Subject	Types of educational work, labor intensity (in hours)						Forms of ongoing progress monitoring and intermediate certification
		Total	Independent work	Auditory lessons
		Total	Independent work	Total	Lecture.	Group (seminars, practical)	Laboratory	Counter. slave.	Abstract/report	Well. Work/project	Calculation and graphic	test	exam	Control points by mod.-rating

1	Section 1. Subject and history of sociology Sociology as the science of society	9	6	3	1	2			+
2	Topic 1.2. The main stages of the formation and development of sociology	9	6	3	2	1			+
3	Topic 1.3. History of Russian sociology	8	6	2	1	1			+					+
4	Section 2. Applied sociological research Topic 2.1. Organization and methods of sociological research	9	6	3	1	2			+
	Topic 2.2. Sociological Research Program	9	6	3	1	2			+


6	Topic 2.3. Processing, generalization and analysis of sociological information	9	6	3	1	2	+
7	Section 3. Society as a system Topic 3.1. Social groups and communities						+
8	Topic 3.2. Social structure, social stratification of society	8	6	2	1	1	+
9	Topic 3.3. Personality and society
10	Topic 3.4. Social institutions and organizations
11	Topic 3.5. Social conflicts and social tension	9	6	3	2	1	+
12	Topic 3.6. Deviant behavior and social control	7	4	3	2	1	+
13	Section 4. Development of society and the world system Topic 4.1. Social changes. Globalization and modern concepts of social development
14	Topic 4.2. The concept of social sustainability and prospects for the development of theoretical sociology	6	3	3	2	1	+
	TOTAL	117	79	38	19	19		27

The work program on sociology of the federal component of the cycle of general humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines is compiled in accordance with the state educational standard of higher professional education.

Sociology as the science of society, social institutions, social activity and behavior is one of the components of social and humanitarian training at a university. Based on theory and empirical data, it allows us to give an objective scientific analysis of social reality, addressing the most pressing problems of social life.

The purpose of this course is to form a scientific understanding of sociology as a tool for understanding society, familiarization with the main fundamental categories and paradigms of sociological science, and the use of applied sociological research methods in scientific work and future professional activities.

Solving these problems allows students to increase the level of ideological culture and sociological thinking, introduces them to the range of fundamental concepts and problems of sociology, contributes to the development of various social technologies and the adoption of competent professional decisions.

As a result of studying sociology, students should:

know the main fundamental categories and problems of modern sociological theory; history and stages of development of sociology; the main functions of sociology and the scope of application of sociological knowledge;

have an understanding of the structure of sociological knowledge, theoretical concepts of industry trends, social values, norms, patterns of behavior, social relationships at various levels;

know the specifics of studying society as a social system, social institutions; have an idea of the specifics of the modernization process in Russia, the trends in changes in Russian society, the main factors influencing the formation of new strata, understand the mechanism of horizontal and vertical mobility and its impact on changes in the social structure of society;

know the main components of the personality structure, the main stages of personality socialization, the concept of social status and social role, understand the essence of deviant behavior and its overcoming;

master the basic methods of applied sociological research (questionnaires, interviews, observation, analysis of documentary sources), be able to develop the necessary tools for this and apply sociological research methods in practice.

The program is based on the calculation of study time determined by the thematic plan.

Main section

Topic 1. Scientific status of sociology: object and subject of sociology

Object and subject of knowledge of sociology. Discussion about the subjects of sociology. Main categories of sociological science. The concept of social and societal. Social communities, social relations, social institutions, mechanisms of their functioning and development.

The structure of sociology. General sociological theory, special and sectoral sociological theories, applied sociology, processes of their interaction and differentiation. Methods of sociological cognition. The problem of theoretical and empirical research of a social fact.

Sociology in the system of socio-humanitarian sciences. Sociology and law. Functions of sociology: cognitive, methodological, applied, prognostic.

MOSCOW STATE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS MFA OF THE RF
MGIMO - UNIVERSITY
Department of Sociology
COURSE PROGRAM
SOCIOLOGY

(36 hours)

Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Kravchenko S.A.

MGIMO – 2004
The program of the discipline “Sociology” is compiled in accordance with the requirements (of the federal component) for the mandatory minimum content and level of training of a certified specialist in the cycle “General humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines” of the state educational standard of higher professional education of the second generation.

The program is aimed at students and listeners of the faculties of MG, MP, MO, FP MGIMO (U) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. Its features are:

– presentation of the material in multi-paradigmatic interpretation, which allows listeners to see the strengths and weaknesses of the main sociological theories, the possibility of their application only in specific spatial and temporal coordinates;

– taken into account cultural diversity through a comparative analysis of Russian realities with their Western and Eastern analogues, which contributes to the formation of a tolerant attitude towards other cultures;

– emphasis is placed on development sociological imagination, which helps to see the latent aspects of social phenomena, teaches to diagnose abnormal deviations from the norm in the development of social institutions and relations, to develop methods of “treatment” and preventive prevention of social “diseases” through the development of public relations.

Purpose of the course: to acquaint students with the generally recognized property of modern world sociological knowledge in accordance with the requirements of the mandatory state educational standard.

The main emphasis is on presenting in a concentrated form the main characteristics of society as a sociocultural system, showing the interaction and mutual influence of its various components and processes.

In the 90s, sociological science took a qualitative step in its development - fundamentally new social theories appeared, which constituted the so-called postclassical sociology. The author of the course strives to make them available to students, seeing in this the prerequisites for a truly de-ideologized, scientific analysis of the modern world community.

At the same time, students will also receive a fairly complete understanding of classical generally accepted theories, each of which, using its own tools, contributes to the general understanding of society and the social actions of people. From the variety of sociological paradigms, those that are generally recognized and widely presented in the best modern Russian and foreign sociology textbooks have been selected. In this case, a “flexible” manner of presentation of sociological theories is assumed: in all cases, both their strengths and weaknesses are noted.

The theoretical material is presented primarily in the context of modern Russian society. At the same time, comparisons of the sociocultural realities of our country with other societies and cultures are widely used.
Course objectives:
– study of the main stages in the development of world sociological thought, including classical, modern sociological theories and currently being created postmodern sociological theories;

– study of society as a special social reality and an integral self-regulating system;

– consideration of the main social institutions that carry out the production and reproduction of social relations;

– in the context of different sociological paradigms, the study of socio-cultural trends in the development of societies, mechanisms of social change; objective and subjective social reality;

– understanding the complex nature of personality, the process of its socialization, the role of the main agents of socialization; ways of adaptation of individuals to socio-cultural realities, processes of desocialization and resocialization;

– study of personality and masses; collective conscious and unconscious;

– understanding of interpersonal interaction, role conflicts, ways to resolve them;

– study of socio-cultural dynamics at the global and local levels, challenges to the global community;

– study of changes in post-socialist societies with an emphasis on their characteristics in Russia.

Place of the course in the system of general professional training of a specialist.

Sociology is an interdisciplinary science that contains the foundations of knowledge of a number of natural, social and humanitarian disciplines. She is closely connected and influenced by such sciences as mathematics, demography, economics and social statistics, computer science, which help her in the study of all spheres of society. We especially note the connection between sociology and the social sciences.

Sociology and history. Sociology as a science of society includes the essential forms and functions of historical knowledge, uses the methodology and theory of historical science, methods and sources of their study, studies domestic historiography, world history, which is the fundamental basis of the history of sociology.

Sociology and social philosophy. Social philosophy in sociology is considered as the highest level of theoretical generalization of social phenomena and processes, revealing the features of the philosophical view of society.

Sociology and social psychology. Social psychology is an interdisciplinary field of knowledge. In it, society is viewed as a mechanical set of individual acts studied in the psyche, behavior and activity.

Sociology and political science. Political science, studied by sociologists, reveals the role and place of politics in the life of modern societies, political relations and processes, political organizations and movements, sociocultural aspects of politics, world politics and international relations, national-state interests of Russia in the new geopolitical situation, etc.

Sociology and cultural studies. Culturology reveals the basic concepts of culture, cultural values, traditions and norms; a typology of cultures and social cultural institutions is given.

Sociology and social anthropology. Social anthropology, a discipline related to sociology, considers culture as a way of life for individuals and society.

Requirements, methodology, control over the course: the main form in teaching the course is lectures . Each topic has a specific “thesaurus” - a set of basic concepts that will enrich the scientific language of students and help them develop the foundations of sociological thinking. To increase the effectiveness of lectures, it is supposed to read them in the form of a dialogue with the audience. The student must learn to use theoretical knowledge to understand and actively influence people's behavior in various complex situations. Knowledge control form: MJ – written test on knowledge of theories and sociological terminology, informational analytical report, exam; MO – test; MP – test.

THEMATIC PLAN

№ p/p	THEMES	Lectures	Seminars
1	Diversity of the social world. Sociology as a science: its paradigmatic essence, subject.	2	2
2	Culture, its types. The influence of culture on sociocultural relations.	2	-
3	Social structure and social stratification.	2	-
4	Social interaction. Self-disclosure of personality. Socialization.	2	-
5	Social groups. Ethnic groups.	2	-
6	Politics, economics, labor.	2	-
7	Education. Religion and church.	2	-
8	Organization and management. Deviant behavior and social control.	2	-
9	Globalization and sociocultural dynamics. Changes in the world and in Russia	2	-
10	STRUCTURAL PARADIGM Structural functionalism	-	2
11	Conflict paradigms	-	2
12	INTERPRETIVE PARADIGMS “Understanding” sociology of M. Weber	-	2
13	Symbolic interactionism by J. Mead, C. Cooley and G. Bloomer	-	2
14	Phenomenology and ethnomethodology.	-	2
15	Social psychoanalysis by Z. Freud, humanistic psychoanalysis by E. Fromm	-	2
16	INTEGRAL AND UNIFICATING PARADIGM Integral sociology of P. Sorokin	-	2
17	Unifying paradigms of A. Giddens and P. Bourdieu	-	2
	TOTAL:	18	18

Topic 1. Diversity of the social world. Sociology as a science: origin and development, its paradigmatic essence, subject.
Diversity and unity of the social world, its complexity. Sociological imagination.

Common sense and scientific knowledge about man and society.

Scientific methods (concept, operationalization, variables, correlation, dependent and independent variables, verification and control. The problem of professional ethics. Human rights in the process of conducting social research.

The emergence in sociology of a number of sociological schools and trends. Levels of analysis of social phenomena. Education of independent structural, interpretive and integral paradigms.

The crisis of the object-subject foundations of sociology at the end of the twentieth century. Modern synthetic interpretations of the subject of sociology. Rethinking views on social laws, methods of cognition of society. Synergetic approach in sociology. Modern approaches to defining the subject of sociological science. Functions of sociology in modern Russian society.
Seminar plan for topic 1.
1. The relationship between sociology and ideology, sociology and common sense. O. Comte's contribution to the separation of sociology from ideological predilections.

2. Sociocultural foundations of society and their influence on social cognition: the problem of bias in social research, the concept of partisanship in social knowledge. The principle of “freedom from value judgments.”

3. Specificity of laws on society: views of the first and modern sociologists.
MAIN LITERATURE
Kravchenko S.A., Sociology. Textbook for universities./ S.A. Kravchenko - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2003.

Mnatsakanyan M.O. Ten lectures on general sociology: Textbook. – M.: MGIMO (U) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2003

Monson Per. Boat on the alleys of the park. Introduction to Sociology. M., 1995, sections 1-4

Training sociological dictionary. 4th edition, expanded, revised. General edition S.A. Kravchenko. M., 2001

Frolov S.S. Sociology. M., 1999. Chapters 1 and 2

Mnatsakanyan M.O. Ten lectures on general sociology: Textbook. – M.: MGIMO (U) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2003

ADDITIONAL LITERATURE
Bauman Z. Think sociologically. M., 1996. Introduction and chapter 12

Berger P.L. Invitation to Sociology. M., 1996. Chapters 1,2,8

Volkov Yu.G., Mostovaya I.V. Sociology. M., Gardarika, 1998. Topics 1 and 2 are recommended.

Giddens E. Sociology. – M., Editorial URSS, 1999, chapter 1.

Komarov M.S. Introduction to Sociology. M., 1994. Textbook for higher educational institutions. Chapter I shows the formation of sociology as an independent science, its difference from history, philosophy, psychology, and political science.

Novikova S.S. Sociology. History, foundations, institutionalization in Russia. Moscow – Voronezh, 2000

General sociology: Textbook/Under general. Ed. A.G. Efendieva. – M.: INFRA-M, 2000, chapter 1

Smelser N. Sociology. M., 1994. Chapter 1. Sociological approaches to the study of society are presented in a very unusual way.

Sociology. Textbook for universities. Ed. G.V. Osipova et al. M., 1996. Chapters 1 and 2 are recommended, which reveal the issues of the formation of sociology, its paradigms, object and subject.

Sociology. Fundamentals of general theory. Textbook for universities. Ed. G.V. Osipova. M., Aspect-Press, 1998. – Chapters 1 and 2 are recommended
Topic 2. Culture and its types. The influence of culture on sociocultural relations.
The meaning of culture. The study of culture and relevance to cultural context. Symbolic structure of culture. The relationship between the biological and the sociocultural. Sociobiology. The main components of culture (values, beliefs, norms, material media, language). Types of culture (cultural homogeneity, cultural differences, cultural relativism, cultural universalism, cultural integration, subcultures, counter-cultures).

Society as a sociocultural system. The influence of culture on sociocultural relations.

Federal Agency for Education

Chita Institute (branch)

Baikal State University of Economics and Law

Department of Economics and Labor Psychology

DISCIPLINE PROGRAM

S O C I O L O G Y

For 1st year bachelor's students

Full-time education.

Chita 2012

Published by decision of the Educational and Methodological Commission

Chita Institute BSUEP

Protocol No.________ dated _________2012.

Compiled by: Ph.D., Associate Professor Yankov A.G.

Reviewers: Ph.D. Sciences, Associate Professor G.I. Zimirev

Department of Economics and Labor Psychology

Protocol No. ______ dated ______2012

Program for the course "Sociology"

The program for the training course “Sociology” is compiled for economic, managerial and legal specialties in accordance with the state education standard.

The purpose of the program is to familiarize and introduce future specialists to the problems of sociology as a science that studies the patterns of development and functioning of social systems, social institutions, and social processes. The sociological knowledge accumulated by humanity, both in the field of theory and the methodology of its practical application in various spheres of public life, is an important aspect of the general system of higher education and is an integral part of the professional training of economists, lawyers, and managers.

The Sociology course program consists of several interrelated blocks. The first block - “Sociology as a science, the history of the emergence, formation and development of sociology”, discusses problems associated with understanding the subject of sociology, its functions in the system of sciences. The issues of the formation of sociology as a science in historical terms are outlined. A historical excursion will allow us to create a more comprehensive picture of the general problems of sociology and show continuity in the study of topical issues of modern social development.

Topic 1. Subject, structure, functions of sociology.

The object of sociological knowledge is the entire set of connections and relationships that are called social. The task of sociological science is to typologize social systems, study the connections and relationships of each object at the level of patterns, obtain specific scientific knowledge about the mechanisms of their action and forms of manifestation in various social systems for their purposeful management. Therefore, sociology is the science of general and specific social laws and patterns of development and functioning of historically defined social communities, the science of the mechanisms of action and forms of manifestation of these laws in the activities of individuals, social groups, and peoples. Social is a set of certain properties and features of social relations, integrated by individuals or communities into the process of joint activity. Any system of social relations (economic, political, etc.) concerns the relationship of people to each other and to society. A social phenomenon or process occurs when the behavior of even one individual is influenced by another or a group of them, regardless of whether that individual or group is physically present. Sociology is divided into applied and theoretical, macrosociology and microsociology.

Topic 2. History of sociology.

Understanding sociology is impossible without reference to past social thought. Since ancient times, humanity has been interested in the place of man among others, the possibility of creating a conflict-free society. In ancient times, Plato, Aristotle, Lao Tzu, Confucius left interesting thoughts about society and man. The main feature of social soap of this era is its focus on practice. Eastern thought is more aimed at changing a person, then society, Western thought is the opposite.

The founder of sociology is O. Comte (1798 - 1857). Comte's sociology is positive. Sociology must answer not only the question of what exists, but also the question of how phenomena occur, and be able to foresee and solve emerging problems. One of the central thoughts of O. Comte's sociology is the division of this science into two parts: social statics and social dynamics, which are the main concepts of his sociology.

One of the most important areas of sociology in the second half of the 19th century is the biological-evolutionary school, and its main representative is the sociologist G. Spencer. The main difference in social structures, according to Spencer, is whether people's cooperation is voluntary or forced. Based on this principle, two types of society are derived: “military” and “industrial”. Social laws are the same as natural ones, not subject to the will and desire of people.

A recognized classic of sociology is E. Durkheim (1858-1917). Social reality, according to Durkheim, is included in the general universal natural order, therefore it develops in accordance with certain laws. The central idea of E. Durkheim's work is the idea of social solidarity. Her decision is, first of all, related to the answer to the question: “What are the connections that unite people?” There are two types of social solidarity: mechanical and organic. Each has its own special features. A factor in the development of society, i.e. The transition from mechanical to organic solidarity is the social division of labor.

Russian sociology has great traditions. Unlike other countries, sociology in Russia was not just a scientific phenomenon. From the very first steps, sociology played the role of an ideological weapon of liberal democratic circles. A distinctive feature of sociological thought (in contrast to philosophical idealism and Slavophilism) is that it was more oriented towards Western sociological thought. There are three stages in the history of Russian sociology: positivism, antipositivism, neopositivism.

A prominent representative of Russian sociology is P.A. Sorokin (1889 - 1968). Sorokin creates a positivist model of sociology based on behaviorism. Sorokin’s special merit is in formulating ideas about social mobility, stratification, and socio-cultural mobility.

Another major Russian sociologist was M. Kovalevsky (1851 - 1916). Kovalevsky's merit is that in many studies he tried to explain many social phenomena and processes by analyzing their origin. He was the founder of the comparative historical method. The problem of the state, including its origin, occupied a significant place in Kovalevsky’s sociology.

Modern foreign sociology is represented by a number of social theories. Structural functionalism - examines and explains society through a detailed analysis of hierarchies of structures and their functions. The founder of this direction, T. Parsons, believed that reality has a systemic nature, from which it follows that the selected abstract provisions must be logically organized into a single body of abstract concepts. Symbolic interactionism views society as a product of social interaction between people. In the process of interaction, a search for meaning and understanding occurs. Phenomenology and ethnomethodology deal with the problems of personal and social “creation of the world,” the search for meaning in the world, and the creation of values.

In the second block, “Subject of Sociology,” the categorical apparatus of sociology is given. The concepts are revealed: social role and social status, social mobility, social reproduction, etc. Various aspects of the modern social structure of people’s lives are defined, and in particular the following: “Social system”, “Society and personality”, “Social institutions” and others.

Topic 3. Social groups, statuses, roles. The concept of social stratification, social structure and social reproduction.

Social group is one of the important concepts in sociology. A social group is a collection of individuals interacting in a particular way based on the shared expectations of each group member regarding the others. For a group to exist, two conditions are necessary: the presence of interaction between members and the emergence of shared expectations. There are several types of social groups, differing quantitatively and qualitatively. It is in social groups that the primary formation of a person occurs, the formation of his worldview and future social actions. Groups are characterized by group dynamics - the interaction of members of social groups with each other. Group dynamics include the following processes: leadership, group pressure, conflicts, formation of group opinion. In groups, interpersonal communication occurs that influences a person’s perception and position. A person’s position in a group is determined by two concepts: “social role” and “social status”. Social stratification describes inequality in society. The basic concept of social stratification - classes. Social the structure views society as a self-governing system, a set of social elements and connections between them.

Topic 4. Personality, society and culture.

The study of society is impossible without turning to culture. Culture is a multifaceted concept. The concept of culture is used to characterize historical eras, nationalities, specific areas of life or activity. In society, cultural values are considered that influence group and individual behavior. One of the main functions of culture is the regulation of the behavior of members of society through socialization. Closely related to the concept of culture is the concept of personality. Personality integrates socially significant traits. Personality formation occurs through the interaction of a given person with other people. In other words, personality is a set of social connections and relationships. There are several factors in personality development.

Topic 5. Social deviations.

There are different levels of deviant behavior: cultural and mental deviations, individual and group, primary and secondary. There are also culturally approved deviations. Social deviations (deviant behavior) are closely related to the process of interaction between members of society and the presence of a standard of behavior. Deviant behavior is relative - in some groups behavior is not condemned, in others it is defined as criminal. There are a number of concepts that describe and explain social deviations: the theory of physical types, psychoanalytic theories, sociological theories, the theory of “stigma”, etc.

Deviant behavior is primarily associated with the process of interaction between people, socialization, and the formation of deviant values.

Topic 6. Social relationships, processes and changes.

Social phenomena, structures, and their elements are in constant motion. The nature of the relationships and relationships between them is changing, i.e. changes are happening. They manifest themselves in the emergence (disappearance) of certain elements and the transformation of external (internal) connections. The factors determining social changes are their objective prerequisites and conditions (economic, geographical, ethnic, etc.); special life circumstances; personality activity. The concept of interconnection and relationship includes: contacts, social actions, social influences. The underlying social relationships are determined by shared values. Society is constantly changing due to internal contradictions and new environmental conditions. There are revolutionary and reformative changes.

Topic 7. Social conflict.

Social conflicts are a necessary attribute of social life. Conflicts are divided into interpersonal and intergroup. Conflict as a social process has its own laws. Conflicts can be classified according to areas of disagreement. Each conflict goes through conflict stages, characterized by certain behavioral strategies of the participants. According to their internal content, social conflicts are divided into rational and emotional. All conflicts have four main parameters: the causes of the conflict, the severity of the conflict, the duration of the conflict, and the consequences of the conflict.

Topic 8. Social institutions.

The concept of “institution” is one of the central ones in sociology. Social practice shows that it is vital for human society to consolidate certain types of social relations, to make them mandatory for members of a particular society or social group. This, first of all, refers to those social relationships, by entering into which, members of a social group ensure the satisfaction of the most important needs. Thus, the need for the reproduction of material wealth forces people to consolidate and maintain production relations; The need to socialize the younger generation and educate young people based on the examples of the group’s culture forces us to consolidate and maintain family relationships and the learning relationships of young people. There are several main social institutions: the institution of family, economics, politics, religion, youth, education.

Third block: “The social structure of modern Russian society.” This block provides information about the socio-demographic characteristics of Russian society and reveals the social processes taking place in our society.