I. Purpose, objectives and methodology of sociological survey
The Center for Personal and Professional Development “Success”, commissioned by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Tyva, conducted a sociological survey on the topic “Police in the perception of Kyzyl residents.”
The main question to which it was important for the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Tyva to know the answer was how residents of Kyzyl evaluate the work of the police; what ways are proposed to solve problems that impede law enforcement activities.
The achievement of this goal was facilitated by the solution of the following tasks:
- Determine the general level of social anxiety and personal security (questionnaire questions 1-5).
- Identify the degree of trust and assessment of the activities of the police (Kyzyl city police department) to protect human rights in the system of other bodies (prosecutor's office, Investigative Committee, FSB, etc.) (questions 6-10).
- Determine the motives for the desire or reluctance of some victims to contact the police (questions 11, 13, 14), the frequency of violations of the rights of victims by the police themselves (questions 17, 18).
- Identify sources of information about police work and the need for information (questions 15, 16).
- Find out the shortcomings in the work of the internal affairs bodies and the reasons for their occurrence (questions 19, 20, 24).
- Identify the nature of the attitude of local residents to the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and their vision of prospects for the future (questions 21, 22, 23).
- Describe the characteristic components of the image of a police officer (question 25).
- Systematize the proposals of Kyzyl residents to solve problems and improve the activities of the police (question 24, 26).
To solve these problems, a fairly comprehensive questionnaire of thirty-three questions was compiled (Appendix 1). Two questions (No. 25,26) implied an open-ended answer (in free form), six questions were of a socio-demographic nature (27-33).
Survey methodology
The main method of collecting questionnaires is street survey. Questionnaires interviewed every third passer-by on the street or in another public place (clinic, store, educational institution), if he met the sampling requirements (residence in the city, gender, a certain age and level of education) and agreed to take part in the survey. About a third of respondents completed the questionnaires at their workplaces. When calculating the parameters of the sample population, and then the quota tasks, we proceeded from the 2010 census data on the urban population of the republic.
Composition of respondents
Men made up 45.4%, women - 54.6%. 46.4% of the total population are young people aged 18 to 30, 23.6% are people aged 31-40, 21.1% are 41-55 years old, 8.8% are over 56 years old. 42.6% of people with higher education were surveyed, 40.8% with secondary education, 13.4% with secondary education, 3.2% with no education or primary education.
The opinion of Tuvans is represented to a greater extent (76.4%), followed by Russians (20.8%) and representatives of other nations - 2.8%. We sought to survey different categories of citizens: “working” (66.1%), students (18.7%), unemployed (4.2%), pensioners and housewives(eleven%). Accordingly, people assessed the level of their financial situation differently: 52.7% - “good”, 31.2% - “difficult”, 2.9% - “difficult”. Every eighth found it difficult to answer this question.
In terms of the level of children, the picture is as follows: 27.6% of respondents had one child, 24% had two, 23.3% had three, and 25.1% had no children.
The sample population reflects the general proportions of the socio-demographic structure of the urban population, including by gender and age.
Description of the field stage
From July 9 to July 15, 284 people over 18 years of age were surveyed in Kyzyl. Questionnaires worked in the following polling stations: Mugur, Geological, Leningradsky, Malchinsky, Yuzhny, Angarsky, Yenisei, Kochetovsky, Pravoberezhny, Shkolny, etc.
The average duration of the conversation was 10-15 minutes. People with a low level of education took longer to fill out the questionnaire. Explaining to them the rules for filling out the questionnaire and the essence of some questions took the surveyors more time.
Some residents of Kyzyl use only the Tuvan language in communication, considering it their native language; they understand only colloquial phrases in Russian. Due to the language barrier, it was difficult for them to understand the essence of individual issues. In such cases, the conversation took up to 30 minutes.
Difficulties in the work of the questionnaires were associated with the time of the survey (summer period) and the short period of its implementation. Questionnaires could not find some categories of residents, for example, the elderly, the unemployed. Under tight time constraints, they had to interview more accessible groups. Most often, these were young people with higher education who took a more active civic position. This caused a slight bias towards greater representation of this social group in the database.
Many respondents did not want to give out personal phone numbers, especially given the topic of the surveys. The great achievement of the surveyors' work is that they were able to convince people to give them phone numbers. This made it easier to check their work and creates the opportunity to clarify information. 96% of respondents who indicated their numbers in the questionnaires confirmed their participation in the survey and the reliability of the data received.
Attitude to the survey
In general, the people adequately greeted the surveyors. The topic of the survey is extremely relevant; it rarely left anyone indifferent. Here is a clear illustration of this statement: “the topic is relevant, since it is very closed to society, and is interesting because it is directly related to all manifestations of social life.”
However, attitudes towards personal participation in the survey varied. Some townspeople, having learned the topic, resolutely refused. Not everyone explained the reason for the refusal. According to the observations of the surveyors, more often these were “disadvantaged” people, low-income and unconnected, who may have had problems with the law and were afraid to speak out about the police (“you never know”). In addition, those who were categorically negative towards the police did not want to answer the questionnaire; they loudly threw out such phrases as “the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is very corrupt,” “little will change in the future,” “there is paperwork in this system.” This fact must be taken into account when analyzing survey data.
Traditional refusals were due to busyness and lack of time, which is typical for a street type of survey. The questioners were able to convince some potential “refusers” to take part in the survey, arguing that it was important to take into account the opinions of each person. By law, participation in the survey is voluntary.
Prosperous people who had no encounters with the police or committed crimes had a calm reaction to the survey. They answered the survey questions willingly, but found it difficult to answer some questions, including due to lack of information and personal experience (question 10).
According to the surveyors, representatives of the older generation were passive compared to young people and expressed pessimistic moods and expectations.
Despite difficult attitudes towards the police, people spoke about the need for regular public opinion polls. Let's give examples of wishes from the questionnaires: “we need to do such surveys”, “I liked it, more often such surveys”, “conduct surveys often”, “the questions in your survey were interesting, there was something to think about, thank you!”, “I liked it”, “I wish there were more questions”, “they do a good job of being interested in the opinions of citizens” (Appendix 5.).
It is important for people that the Ministry of Internal Affairs “hears” them and builds work to protect rights and maintain order systematically, taking into account the opinions of ordinary citizens: “I would like the police to look at all the answers,” “good survey, I would like the situation to change and people felt protected”, “good survey”, “I liked it. I just have a question! After these questions, do you want to change something in the Ministry of Internal Affairs?”
Obviously, there is an understanding that the problem of crime is serious and complex, its level depends not only on the efforts of the police, but on many structures, the people themselves, their behavior and level of culture. It was emphasized that the police need the support and help of people: “they need support from the people. Nobody believes them anymore,” “people have become coarser. The police cannot fight all citizens. There are few of them, but there are many people.”
General wish: a concrete result based on the results of the survey, widespread public coverage in the media of the very fact of the survey and its materials, both achievements and problems, primarily on television.
It is valuable that this survey provides a baseline for assessing current policing and analyzing changes in the future. The wishes contain a lot of problematic signal information that needs to be checked and appropriate measures taken.
I. General results of the sociological survey
1. A fairly high level of social anxiety aboutpersonal safety (current state, dynamics).
Since personal safety is an important condition for human life in society, this is a significant factor in reducing overall social well-being. Crime is in the list of the most significant social problems (36.9%) after unemployment (55.7%), alcoholism and drug addiction (54%) and housing conditions (38.3%).
Only a fifth of respondents are confident in their safety (Table 1). According to 31.3% of residents, anyone can become a victim of crime. It is dangerous to be on the street - this was the answer of 36.6% of Kyzyl residents.
21.5% of respondents believed that it was dangerous to be, first of all, on the road, streets and highways (47.7%), in parks and squares (37%), places of leisure and recreation (23.6%) (Table 4 ).
An increased level of anxiety is typical for women (Table 1.1), elderly people (Tables 1.2, 2.2), and Russians (Tables 1.4, 2.2).
According to residents, the crime situation in the city is consistently tense; the prevailing answers are “the crime situation has not changed over the past two years” (38.7%). 46.2% of survey participants saw changes, with 17.3% for the worse and 28.9% for the better.
51.4% of respondents were satisfied with their personal safety, of which 18.9% were completely satisfied (Table 3). More than a third of Kyzyl residents (38.6%) do not feel safe. Moreover, there is such a pattern here - the level of dissatisfaction with personal safety is higher the older the person is (Table 3.2.) and the higher the level of his education (Table 3.3). Similar critical responses were recorded among Russians (Table 3.4).
The positive point is that the perception of personal safety in 2009-2012. the region as a whole has improved (Table 3).
2. Ba satisfactory assessment was given to the work of the police in the capital, the average value is the score the effectiveness of its activities in the system of other law enforcement agencies.
An absolute achievement is that a third of citizens gave a positive assessment of the work of the police and only 3.9% gave an extremely negative assessment (Table 6). The answer “police activity is mediocre” was given in 41.7% of cases, “bad” - in 13.1%. Average rating: 3+, thereby citizens recognized that the police generally perform their functions, but at an insufficiently high professional level.
The level of trust in police officers in the capital is slightly lower than in the country as a whole (Table 8). Half of the respondents trust them (RF - 52%), 41.2% do not (RF - 36%). In the event of a domestic conflict, half of the citizens would and are turning to the police for help (Tables 6.1, 17).
Overall assessment of the effectiveness of the police in the system of other law enforcement agencies: average (55.9%, table 10). Relatively high scores (answers “completely and rather effectively”) were received by the FSB (57.5%) and the court (57.5%) . The lowest scores were given to trade unions (36.9% - ! ) and the Federal Antimonopoly Service (40.4%).
3. Dana n high assessment of the quality of police work, a formal approach is one of the main reasons why citizens do not contact the police.
A third of the questionnaires indicated “formally they will do something, but they won’t really help”, 16.9% - “it’s useless, a waste of time and effort”, and 8.9% - “had a negative experience with treatment” (Table 12 ). People have repeatedly complained that the police do not open cases, classifying them as “domestic violence.” If they do start it, they don’t investigate it properly: they don’t follow through, they delay the deadline.
Only every sixth person was confident that an ordinary person, by contacting the police, could count on a solution to his problem and protection of his rights and interests (Table 13). Almost as many people (18.6%) were of the opposite opinion (the answer was “no, most likely it cannot”). The overwhelming majority of respondents stated that much depends on the specific case and people (58.9%).
According to those who have ever contacted the police (52.3% of the total number of respondents), they have encountered cases of abuse of power or extortion by police officers (36% - a high figure) (Table 18). This is an extremely alarming fact that cannot be ignored. Such cases occurred repeatedly in men (Table 18.1) and Russians (Table 18.5), once in young people (Table 18.2) and Tuvans (Table 18.5).
4. A low level of awareness of citizens about the activities of the police has been revealed, as evidenced by the high need for various, even general information.
First of all, this speaks about the quality of the information policy pursued by the internal affairs bodies. While information plays a key role in the development of modern society and in the life of an individual. An adequate (balanced) attitude towards something can be formed based on the analysis of a large amount of information from various channels and sources. The lack of information or its limited volume most often leads to the formation of an indifferent or negative attitude, the birth of rumors and speculation. It is important to build a competent information policy in any area, and above all, law enforcement.
When forming an assessment of the internal affairs bodies, information obtained primarily from the media (70.3%), as well as the Internet (25.1%), films and TV series (15.9%) plays a role (Table 15). It is significant that the activities of the police are the subject of targeted discussion among colleagues, friends, acquaintances and relatives (49.1%), and random - in public places (22.3%). For 16.6% of respondents, personal experience as witnesses, participants or victims in criminal events was significant.
The vast majority of respondents feel the need to regularly receive various information on the topic - general and additional, analytical (Table 16). In questionnaires and in words, respondents expressed a desire for the media to publish more answers from the heads of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to residents’ questions (45.4%) and crime statistics (42.6%). People are also waiting for information about court cases brought against corrupt officials (34.4%), independent analytical reviews and articles about police activities (32.3%).
5. Many of the problems that hinder effective law enforcement are subjective in nature,
those. depend on the individual level of professional training of the police officer himself, his attitude to work. As in Russia as a whole, most people complained about rudeness and rudeness on the part of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (42.8%, Nenets Autonomous Okrug 39.4%) and “manifestations of cruelty, arbitrariness” (28.3%, Nenets Autonomous Okrug 15, 7%).
The primary role is played by the level of professional training and general culture of law enforcement officers, usually assessed according to a number of criteria at the stage of selection and employment in the police. But here, too, not everything is smooth and transparent. According to 47.3% of respondents, in addition to professional training at a police school (56.2%), a potential applicant for a police position must have the “necessary” contacts, give a bribe” (47.3%), and only then have a military ID (“ military service" - 37.3%).
The lack of professionalism of employees, indicated in 36.4% of cases, is often the reason for the low level of crime detection (34.3%), the low level of general culture and education - unethical attitude towards citizens. 23.3% of respondents believe that police officers use their official position for personal gain and “draw up” matters (18%).
The low level of technical equipment was noted by 18.7% of citizens; this is an objective factor on which the efficiency of going to the scene of an incident, and, of course, the overall assessment of the work of the police depends.
Citizens adequately represent the reasons that cause these shortcomings (Table 20). Firstly, they understand that the police profession is one of the most difficult in terms of psychological stress and a large amount of responsibility (42.4%). This is also a dangerous profession associated with risks to health and life, quickly leading to physical and moral wear and tear of the body. Secondly, citizens themselves are often to blame, offering bribes and insulting the honor of police officers (38.2%). Here is a typical comment: “people have become coarser. The police cannot fight all citizens. There are few of them, but there are many people,” “they need support from the people. Nobody believes them anymore.”
37.8% of survey participants gave a low assessment of the activities of the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In their opinion, bosses should take more and better care of their employees, become open and accessible to ordinary people. 34.3% consider the Ministry of Internal Affairs system to be overly bureaucratic.
6. The attitude of Kyzyl residents towards the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is restrained, but obvious rejection has been detected.
The reform has been going on over the past two years. 33% reacted positively to the renaming of the militia to the police, probably believing that the police cannot stand still when society changes. 37% of respondents answered “I don’t care”, 16.4% answered “against”. Although a lot of critical assessments were expressed. The leitmotif of some citizens is as follows: “the name has changed, but there are no changes in work” (Appendix 3.3, 3.5).
It is valuable that the townspeople are dominated by an optimistic attitude. 61.8% of them believed in positive changes in the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the future, only 7.1% believed in worse ones. According to 29.6% of surveyed citizens, everything will remain the same.
7. The image of the policeman as a whole has developed many faces with a predominance of positive components and roles, most likely as a result of social expectations (Appendix 4):
1. A representative of the state and government, ensuring order and having relatively greater powers.
2. An employee of a law enforcement agency - the Ministry of Internal Affairs, “a man in uniform”, “a man in uniform”, “armed”.
3. Servant and “face” of the law.
4. A representative of a difficult and responsible profession who needs to have iron patience and willpower.
5. A brave person who is the first to help and is ready to sacrifice his life for the life and well-being of several people.
6. “Our defender”, a person who defends the rights and interests of the common people.
7. A fair and honest person.
8. “The face of our city”, “the support of the entire Republic of Tyva.”
9. Calmness, respect and pride.
Negative components of the image of police officers:
1. Poorly professional employee.
2. The punitive body, rather than helping people, they punish.
3. Bonded, right or wrong, go to carry out the order.
4. “Dirty people”, corrupt officials, “corrupt” people.
5. An uneducated person, with a low IQ, who does not know law and legal science, and does not know how to communicate with people.
6. A “hack worker” who is serving his job.
7. The employee thinks too highly of himself, and people are just “garbage” to them.
9. People believe in performance improvement.police and are themselves ready to help in maintaining law and order by participating in public structures(public councils, commissions, people's squads). A large number of wishes and specific proposals were expressed (Table 23, Appendix 5).
Directions for improving the work of internal affairs bodies:
First, bfight corruption, arbitrariness in the ranks of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (53.9%), tighten official discipline and punishment for misconduct (36.4%).
Second, improve the quality of selection for the police and make the selection procedure transparent(38.6%), if possible, cover this process in the media, create conditions and incentives to increaseemployee qualifications (35,7%).
Third, increase the number of patrol units on the streets (38.6%) and police strongholds (33,6%).
Fourth,become open to the heads of the Ministry of Internal Affairs: increase the time of reception of citizens, increase the level of its openness and accessibility (hotline telephones, boxes for citizens’ appeals), and also personally participate in raids of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Fifth, strengthen control over individuals released from prison.
Sixth, make it a priority to prevent crime and increase the legal awareness of residents. To this end, organize information events and legal literacy courses for the population, district police officers - systematically practice “targeted” and individual work - reach and reach every organization, school, private house and apartment.
Seventh, make transparent and more open policing through thoughtful information policy(in content and form), regularly cover all achievements and problems in the media, including by continuing to organize special competitions and promotions.
Eighth, develop a Concept “The safety and comfort of citizens is in our hands”(on its basis - the Program) with the participation of the expert community, representatives of the public and various departments, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in which to summarize the achievements and problems (political, socio-economic, spiritual and moral, etc.) that cause a high crime rate and impede the implementation of law enforcement activities in Tuva.
Provide for the participation and contribution of every social structure (from kindergarten to public associations) in ensuring the safety of citizens, the formation of legal consciousness, including a responsible attitude towards their rights and the rights of other people. The minimum implementation period is 10 years, the optimal one is 20 years. When developing it, analyze international and Russian experience, data from sociological research and statistics, citizens’ appeals, media and Internet materials, etc.
Ninth, establish scientific and public monitoring police activities and regularly publish its results in the media. For these purposes, it is necessary to purposefully include funds in the department’s budget (quarterly surveys by professionals). This is an indicator and example of compliance with the law, high professionalism, self-criticism, respect and consideration of the opinions of citizens.
V.S. Kahn, Candidate of Historical Sciences,
leading researcher at the sociology sector of TIGI,
Member of the Public Council at the Internal Affairs Directorate of Kyzyl,
expert of the Ethnological Monitoring Network
and early warning of conflicts
When compiling the program and questionnaire, the wording of some questions from a VTsIOM study conducted in 2011 was used. The results of the study were published in the article “Results of a study of public opinion on the level of personal security and the activities of internal affairs bodies in the Russian Federation” in the magazine “Society and the Ministry of Internal Affairs” ( 2012, No. 1, pp. 3-12).
Data from the study “Social well-being of young people in the Republic of Tatarstan in connection with the construction of the railway and the development of deposits” (2009-2010), conducted by TIGI employees in 2009-2010, are used here. with the support of the Russian Humanitarian Fund (09-03-63205a/T) and a grant from the Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan to support young scientists (No. 10GR-10). The study used multi-stage stratified sampling. Using a standardized interview method, 1159 people were interviewed in 2009, in 2010 - 1191 people in Todzhinsky, Kyzylsky, Piy-Khemsky, Barun-Khemchiksky, Chedi-Kholsky, Bai-Taiginsky, Tandynsky, Ulug-Khemsky, Erzinsky, Ovursky. Dzun-Khemchiksky, Mongun-Taiginsky and other areas and in the city of Kyzyl.
Merkuryev S. Experience in studying public opinion about the work of the police in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug // Society and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. 2012. No. 1, p. 34.
Working title.
There has long been an opinion in the public consciousness that surveys are almost the only method of practical sociology. This assessment, to put it mildly, is not entirely correct, since among the methods of sociology there are many that are not related to surveys. In addition, the survey cannot be considered an exclusively sociological method; it is widely used in political science, journalism, psychology, law and other social research.
You will need
Plan for conducting a sociological survey, questionnaire
Instructions
1 A sociological survey is designed to provide information about people’s opinions, their assessments of social phenomena, and the states of group and individual consciousness. These motives, opinions and phenomena act as attributes of objects studied by sociology. If there is not enough complete information about the object being studied, if it is not accessible to direct observation and is not amenable to experiment, then the importance of a sociological survey increases.
2 Domestic sociology is replete with attempts to use surveys as the main method of obtaining experimental data, although it is often more effective to study a number of phenomena in other ways. The reason lies in the fact that to a novice sociologist the survey method seems convenient, simple and even universal.
3 Unfortunately, the possibilities of surveys in sociology are limited. Information obtained during surveys often reflects the subjective opinions of respondents. Such data need to be compared with objective information obtained by more standardized methods and methods. Sociological surveys produce the greatest effect in combination with observation, experiment and content analysis.
4 Methods of sociological survey are very diverse. In addition to widespread questionnaires, they include various types of interviews, mail, telephone, expert and other surveys. Any type of survey has its own characteristics, which are nevertheless based on general principles and approaches.
5 Before starting a sociological survey, it is necessary to clearly define the goals and procedure of the study. The survey is thus preceded by a thorough development of the research program, an understanding of the goals, objectives, categories of analysis, hypotheses, object and subject of research. Do not forget to also outline the sample (quantitatively and qualitatively) and select the most effective tools.
6 A survey, in the most general case, involves drawing up a set of questions, formatted as a questionnaire. Such a set serves to achieve the purpose of the study, prove or refute the hypothesis. It is especially necessary to think through and refine the wording of the questions, since they will capture the categories of analysis.
7 If the analysis of respondents’ answers does not take into account their social and demographic characteristics, the sociological survey loses all meaning. Therefore, the questionnaire must necessarily have a passport part where data about the person being interviewed is entered (in accordance with the objectives of the research program).
8 Being a special act of communication between the interviewer and the respondent, a sociological survey must be conducted in compliance with a number of rules. The respondent must be interested in the survey; he must know who is interviewing him and for what purpose. The respondent must clearly understand the meaning and content of the question.
9 Questions must be formulated in compliance with language standards. The wording of each question should correspond to the cultural level of the respondent. The possibility of discretion in questions that are offensive to the respondent must be categorically excluded. The total number of questions should fit within the framework of common sense and not bore the respondent. These are just some of the points that should be taken into account by a sociologist who intends to use survey as a method of sociological research.
Is Internet Addiction a Problem?
Nowadays, when the Internet works not only by wire, but is also “spilled” in the air, when 3G/4G and Wi-Fi appeared, and any of the latest technical innovations from a mobile phone or tablet to a TV or car has the ability to connect to Internet, it is becoming increasingly difficult not to get into the “network” and not acquire Internet addiction. This is especially true for young people, as a more sociable part of society, and in particular students, who are forced to spend more time on the Internet to search for information on subjects. The relevance of this sociological study lies in the fact that the problem of Internet addiction has become of great importance due to the widespread spread of the Internet and has caused the loss of social connections between young people who prefer to spend their free time on the Internet rather than communicate with their peers.
The objects of this study are students from different universities.
The subject of the study is the Internet as an object of interest for students.
Purpose and objectives of the study
Purpose of the study- study and analyze the problem of Internet addiction among students, formulate possible solutions to the problem.
Research objectives:
1. Study the literature on the problem of Internet addiction.
2. Prepare tools (in this case, a questionnaire) for conducting a survey.
3. Conduct a survey among students.
4. Analyze the data obtained and formulate conclusions.
What does the term “Internet addiction” mean?
1) Here we examine the key concept of work - “Internet addiction” - and its relationship with other concepts and terms. The term "addiction" was borrowed from the lexicon of psychiatrists to facilitate the identification of an Internet problem by associating it with characteristic social and psychological problems.
Addiction is a special way of life associated with the search for an “ideal” reality. With the help of addiction, a person escapes from the discomfort of reality. However, once found, the new artificial reality destroys health and life.
Internet addiction is one of the types of non-chemical addiction (mobile addiction, gambling addiction, shopping addiction and others).
2) The main Internet users in Russia today, according to numerous sociological surveys, are young people aged 18 to 24 years, most of whom are students. For them, the Internet is not only an information space, a means of communication, but also often a means of escaping reality and (or) getting pleasure. Therefore, the prevention of Internet addiction among students has become especially relevant recently, since for the most part it is among students that the largest proportion of Internet addicts are identified. It is also known that the last two decades have been marked by the widespread spread of the Internet in the professional and everyday lives of millions of people. Today, Russia ranks fourth in the world in terms of the number of Internet users. In the period from 2002 to 2008, the number of Internet users in Russia grew from 8% (8.7 million people) to 31% (37 million people), and the level of daily audience - from 2.1 million people to 15. 9 million people. Thus, today every third resident of Russia is an Internet user, and every seventh visits the Internet daily. With the help of the Internet, purchases are made, communication occurs, information is disseminated, and gaming preferences are realized.
Research hypotheses
Among modern students, a high level of Internet addiction will be identified. They will spend most of their time for the purpose of communication and entertainment, which will accordingly affect their studies.
It is likely that all students, without exception, are registered on social networks.
Perhaps, without the Internet, some students will not be able to study successfully.
Who will take part in the survey? (presumptive sample)
Sample population: 30 people. Of these, about 40% are men, approximately 60% are women. The target group is students from different universities.
Who took part in the survey? (realized sample)
So, the realized sample included 32 respondents. Of these, 62.5% are women, 37.5% are men. Ages from 18 to 22 years.
Analysis of results
The results of answers to the proposed questions can be seen in the appendix.
Brief conclusions on each issue:
1) Boys spend more time on the Internet (3-6 hours) than girls.
2) Men and women spend most of their time only for communication.
3) All students, without exception, are registered on social networks.
5) Some students do not have time to complete their studies due to spending time on the Internet.
6) Without the Internet, most students will not be able to study successfully.
8) For the majority of students, the Internet negatively affects academic performance.
Conclusion
On the problem of Internet addiction among students, a sociological study (survey) was conducted using a questionnaire method. Students aged 17-20 took part in the survey. The goal of the study was achieved, confirmation of the initial hypothesis was found, as well as some of the stated hypotheses-consequences.
All this shows us that, despite constant real communication and being very busy combining work and study, most students are Internet dependent, replacing real communication with virtual communication and being on the Internet around the clock.
It is also important to note that the problem of Internet addiction not only does not lose its relevance, but also becomes more important over time. Having compared my own data with the data of my predecessors, it turned out that the signs of Internet addiction began to manifest themselves much more intensely. Thus, the number of students experiencing discomfort when disconnected from the Internet has doubled. Moreover, the number of people who like to surf the Internet for a long time has also doubled. Summarizing the above, it can be noted that the original hypothesis remains valid. Depending on the various characteristics of students (socio-demographic, value, and motivational), they show signs of Internet addiction in different ways. It is also important that the study showed that the problem of virtual addiction is very acute and is gaining new momentum from year to year.
Application
Analysis of a sociological survey
1. How much time a day do students spend online.
2. What is the Internet used for?
5. We didn’t have time to complete our study assignments due to spending a long time online.
6. We could study successfully without the Internet.
Depending on the applied method of collecting empirical information, such types of sociological research as survey, sociological observation, and document analysis are distinguished.
Sociological survey
A sociological survey is a method of collecting primary sociological information about the object being studied by asking questions to a certain group of people called respondents Samoilenko E.N. Sociology: A course of lectures for students of the specialty “Management of Organizations”. Topic 9. Methods of sociological research. - Kyiv, KNUSA, 2005. - P. 127.. The basis of a sociological survey is mediated (questioning) or non-mediated (interview) socio-psychological communication between the sociologist and the respondent by recording answers to a system of questions arising from the purpose and objectives of the study. Sociological survey occupies a very important place in sociological research. Its main purpose is to obtain sociological information about the state of public, group, collective and individual opinion, as well as facts, events and assessments related to the life activities of respondents. A survey is the most common method of collecting primary information; with its help, almost 90% of all sociological data are obtained.
The specificity of this method is that when it is used, the source of primary sociological information is a person (respondent) - a direct participant in the social processes and phenomena under study and is aimed at those aspects of the process that are little or not amenable to direct observation. That is why a survey is indispensable when it comes to studying those substantive characteristics of social, collective and interpersonal relations that are hidden from the external eye and make themselves felt only in certain conditions and situations.
Questioning is the leading method in studying the sphere of people's consciousness. This method is especially important in the study of social processes and phenomena that are inaccessible to direct observation, as well as in cases where the area under study is poorly provided with documentary information. A sociological survey, unlike other methods of collecting sociological information, makes it possible to “catch” through the system the shades of their mood and structure of thinking, as well as to identify the role of intuitive aspects in their behavior. Therefore, many researchers consider a survey to be the simplest and most accessible method of collecting primary sociological information. In fact, the efficiency, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness of this method make it very popular and a priority compared to other methods of sociological research. However, this simple accessibility is often apparent. The problem is not in conducting the survey as such, but in obtaining high-quality survey data. And this requires appropriate conditions and compliance with certain requirements. The main conditions of the survey (which has been verified by the practice of sociological research) include:
1) the availability of reliable instruments justified by the research program;
2) creating a favorable, psychologically comfortable environment for the survey, which does not always depend only on the training and experience of the persons conducting it;
3) careful training of sociologists, who must have high intellectual speed, tact, and the ability to objectively assess their shortcomings and habits, which directly affects the quality of the survey; know the typology of possible situations that hinder the survey or provoke respondents to give inaccurate or incorrect answers; have experience in compiling questionnaires using sociologically correct methods that allow you to double-check the accuracy of the answers, etc.
Compliance with these requirements and their significance are largely determined by the types of sociological survey. In sociology, it is customary to distinguish between written (questioning) and oral (interviewing), face-to-face and correspondence (postal, telephone, press), expert and mass, selective and continuous (for example, referendum), national, regional, local, local, etc.
In the practice of sociological research, there are two main types of sociological survey: questioning and interviewing. The most common type of survey is a questionnaire; this is explained by both the variety and quality of the sociological information that can be obtained with its help.
Questionnaire (French - investigation) - a questionnaire, independently filled out by the respondent according to the rules specified in it. Brief Dictionary of Sociology / Under. total ed. D.M. Gvishiani, N.I. Lapina; comp. EM. Korzheva, N.F. Naumova. - Politizdat, 2001. - 480 pp. Respondents are considered as the object of research.
The questionnaire is a system of questions united by a single research plan aimed at identifying the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the object and subject of analysis. The composition of the questionnaire represents a kind of scenario for a conversation with a respondent. It includes a brief introduction, which indicates the topic, goals, objectives of the survey, and the name of the organization conducting it; The technique of filling out the questionnaire is explained. Then follow the easiest questions, the task of which is to interest the interlocutor and introduce him to the issues being discussed. More complex questions and a kind of “passport” (indicating socio-demographic data) are placed at the end of the questionnaire.
Any list of questions cannot be called a questionnaire. It only refers to something that is addressed to a multitude of people who are interviewed in a standard way.
When surveying, the respondent fills out the questionnaire himself, in the presence of the questionnaire or without him. Depending on the form, it can be individual or group. In the latter case, a significant number of people can be interviewed in a short time. It can also be full-time and part-time. The most common forms of correspondence: postal survey; survey through a newspaper, magazine.
Interviewing involves personal communication with the interviewee, in which the researcher (or his authorized representative) asks questions and records the answers. In terms of the form of conduct, it can be direct, as they say, “face to face” and indirect, for example, by telephone.
Depending on the source (carrier) of primary sociological information, a distinction is made between mass and specialized surveys. In a mass survey, the main source of information is representatives of various social groups whose activities are not directly related to the subject of analysis. Participants in mass surveys are usually called respondents. In specialized surveys, the main source of information is competent individuals whose professional or theoretical knowledge and life experience allow them to draw authoritative conclusions. In fact, the participants in such surveys are experts who can give a balanced assessment on issues of interest to the researcher. Hence, another widely used name for such surveys in sociology is expert surveys or assessments.”