Numerous tourists visiting Georgia note that part of the population in large cities speaks Russian and English. However, once you move a little away from Tbilisi and Batumi, the need for a little knowledge of the Georgian language arises. Knowledge of basic politeness phrases, such as hello in Georgian and words of gratitude, will not be superfluous. If you plan to stay in Georgia for a couple of months, then you will probably be interested in the alphabet and various nuances of this amazingly beautiful language. As well as a Russian-Georgian dictionary, which contains phrases necessary for normal communication and finding out information
How to say hello in Georgian and why don’t Georgians say hello
Any meeting begins with mutual greetings and wishes of health. Hello in Georgian It sounds simple - gamarjobat (გამარჯობათ) But it is literally translated not as a wish for health, but a wish for victory. If you need to say the usual hello in Georgian, then we say (გამარჯობა). In response they say gagimarjos (გაგიმარჯოს).
The generally accepted greeting in Russian “Privet” is practically not used in everyday life, but we will definitely tell you that hello in Georgian will be salami (სალამი). The word “salami” is often found in literature, mainly written during the years of Soviet power, but not in everyday life.
Many people use the Russian word privet for greeting, but pronounce it in the Georgian manner “privet”. Below is the Georgian alphabet, you may notice that it is missing the letter “e”, so instead it is always said “e” (ე). If you want to say hello to someone, you need to say mokithwa gadaetsi (მოკითხვა გადაეცი). Literal translation from Georgian - tell me that I asked about him.
Saying thank you in Georgian
Of course, we couldn’t miss the most important words in all languages – words of gratitude, which are commonly used in Georgia all the time. Simple thank you in Georgian, sounds like madloba (მადლობა), you can say gmadlobt (გმადლობთ) which would mean thank you.
To express the feelings of gratitude that overwhelm you, you can use the following phrases: thank you very much in Georgian, pronounced as – didi madloba (დიდი მადლობა); thank you very much (უღრმესი მადლობა) we say ugrmesi madloba. Moreover, the phrase “many thanks” is literally translated as “deepest thanks.”
Features of the Georgian alphabet and language
The modern alphabet, unlike the ancient one, consists of 33 letters. On the initiative of Ilya Chavchavadze, 3 letters were removed from the alphabet, which were practically not used by that time. As a result, 5 vowels and 28 consonants remained in the Georgian alphabet. If you know the Georgian alphabet, then reading any inscription will not be difficult for you.
A huge plus of the Georgian language is that all letters are read and written the same, and each letter means only one sound. Letters in words are never combined to create any additional sounds. However, given the number of consonants in the language, difficulty may arise when reading four consonants in a row, which is not so rare.
In addition to the ease of writing and reading, the Georgian language has several other features that make learning it easy and simple. So Georgian words have no gender. And why is it needed? Learning Georgian is not difficult, because green will always be mtsvane (მწვანე).
For example, green th elephant, green oh tree, green and I grass, why do we need these endings indicating the gender, because you can simply write mtsvane spilo (green elephant), mtsvane he (green tree), mtsvane balahi (green grass). Agree, this makes learning the language much easier.
Another advantage of the Georgian letter is that it does not have capital letters. All words, including proper names, first and last names, as well as the first word in a sentence are always written with a small letter. And if you consider that all Georgian words are written the same way as they are heard, then you will understand that learning the language is not so difficult. You just need to listen to the speech of the Georgians and show a little diligence.
You will have to try hard if you decide to master the letter, because all the Georgian letters are very elegant and do not have sharp corners (rounded). At school, they pay great attention to calligraphy and the ability to write beautifully, so most people write very beautifully. One of the advantages of writing is that in Georgian there is practically no connection of letters, that is, each letter is written separately.
Here it is worth noting the presence of several dialects, which are divided into three groups. Moreover, the last group of Georgian dialects is used outside of Georgia.
The first group of dialects includes: Kartli, Kakheti (Eastern Georgia), Khevsur, Tushin, Pshav, Mokhevi and Gudamakar.
The second group of dialects includes: Adjarian (Western Georgia), Imeretian, Rachin, Lechkhumi, Gurian and Meskhetian-Javakhi (South-Eastern Georgia).
The third group of dialects spoken outside the country: Fereydan, Ingiloy, Imerkhev (Klarjet).
Don't try to learn Georgian words the way they are pronounced in the regions. Learn literary language using Russian-Georgian translator. The fact is that residents from different parts of Georgia sometimes do not understand each other, the dialects in the Georgian language are so different.
Georgian alphabet with Russian transcription and translation
Below we present to you Georgian alphabet with translation into Russian, which will help you, at a minimum, read signs in Georgian and the names of products in the store, and, at a maximum, master “The Knight in Tiger Skin” in the original language. A large number of words in Georgian sound similar to Russian. For example: magazia (მაღაზია) - store, aptiaki (აფთიაქი) - pharmacy, mandarini (მანდარინი) - tangerines, kombosto (კომბოს ტო) – cabbage.
თ - t (unvoiced T is pronounced softly with aspiration, as in the word whale)
კ - k (voiced K, as in the word school)
პ - p (hard, voiced P, as in the word post)
ტ - t (hard voiced T, as in the word coward)
ფ - p (voiceless P, aspirated, as in the word krap)
ქ - k (voiceless K, aspirated, as in the word prok)
ღ - g (sounds like gekaning, sound between G and X)
ყ - x (glottal sound X)
ც - ts (voiceless Ts, aspirated, as in the word chick)
ძ - dz (voiced sound formed by two letters DZ)
წ - ts (hard voiced Ts, as in the word thermal power plant)
ჭ - tch (soft sound from two letters tch)
ჰ - x (voiceless, light and airy letter, pronounced as a barely audible aspirated X)
Looking at the Georgian alphabet, you can see that it contains several letters that have no analogues in the Russian language. We can say that in the Georgian language there are two letters T, K and P. Just don’t tell Georgian-speaking people about this, as they will say that კ and ქ are different letters (and this is true)!
Russian-Georgian dictionary
Numbers
In order to learn numbers in Russian, it is enough to remember the first ten digits; the Georgian language uses a base-20 system (as well as the Mayan tribes) and therefore you need to learn the first 20 numbers.
Let us answer the question why you need to know numbers in Georgian. It’s no secret that tourists are often told that prices are inflated at the market, and even in stores. Therefore, you can safely walk around the bazaar, listen to what prices sellers tell the local population, and then draw conclusions about the real cost of the products.
Since the Russian-Georgian dictionary is not always at hand, remember the following numbers that form numbers in the Georgian language.
1 erti (ერთი)
2 ori (ორი)
3 themselves (სამი)
4 othi (ოთხი)
5 huthis (ხუთი)
6 eqsi (ექვსი)
7 shvidi (შვიდი)
8 moats (რვა)
9 tshra(ცხრა)
10 ati (ათი)
11 termeti (თერთმეტი)
12 tormeti (თორმეტი)
13 tsameti (ცამეტი)
14 tokhmeti (თოთხმეტი)
15 thutmeti (თხუთმეტი)
16 tekvsmeti (თექვსმეტი)
17 tchvidmeti (ჩვიდმეტი)
18 tvrameti (თვრამეტი)
19 tskhrameti (ცხრამეტი)
20 otsi (ოცი)
To say 21, we use 20+1 we get otsdaerti (ოცდაერთი), 26 – (this is 20+6) otsdaekvsi (ოცდაექვსი), 30 (20+10) otsdaati (ოცდაათ ი).
40 ormotsi (ორმოცი) (translated as twice 20)
50 ormotsdaati (ორმოცდაათი)(40 and 10)
60 samotsi (სამოცი) (translated as three times 20)
70 Samotsdaati (სამოცდაათი) (60+10)
80 otkhmotsi (ოთხმოცი) (translated as four times 20)
90 otkhmotsdaati (ოთხმოცდაათი) (80+10)
100 – asi (ასი)
200 orasi (ორასი) (literally from Georgian two times one hundred, “ori” is two, and “asi” is one hundred)
300 samasi (სამასი) (three times one hundred)
400 otkhashi (ოთხასი) (four times one hundred)
500 khutasi (ხუთასი) (five times one hundred)
600 ekvsasi (ექვსასი) (six times one hundred)
700 shvidasi (შვიდასი) seven times one hundred)
800 raasi (რვაასი) (eight times one hundred)
900 tshraasi (ცხრაასი) (nine times one hundred)
1000 atashi (ათასი) (ten times one hundred).
Days of the week
The most important day of the week for Georgians is Saturday. After all, this is a wonderful day for a noisy feast with family and friends. Perhaps that is why the days of the week in the Georgian language are counted from Saturday and are called in a very unique way - what is the day after Saturday.
So the word ორშაბათი is formed from two words ori (two) and shabati (Saturday), which means the second day from Saturday, similarly Monday is followed by Tuesday სამშაბათი that is, the third day after Saturday. The only exceptions are Friday and Sunday. Please note that the word კვირა queer is translated not only as Sunday, but also as a week (time period).
Monday ორშაბათი (orshabati)
Tuesday სამშაბათი (samshabati)
Wednesday ოთხშაბათი (otkhshabati)
Thursday ხუთშაბათი (hutshabati)
Friday პარასკევი (paraskavi)
Saturday შაბათი (Shabati)
Sunday კვირა (queer)
Yes and no
If you agree that the Georgian language is not that difficult, then we suggest learning frequently used phrases and words. By the way, you can agree in Georgian in several ways, namely you can say:
Diah (დიახ) – literary and respectful yes.
Ki (კი) – the usual yes, most often used.
Ho – (ჰო) informal yes, used in communication between close people.
Refusal is expressed in one word - ara (emphasis on the first A) (არა) - no.
People, relatives and who is bijo in Georgian
Before presenting you with a collection of the most commonly used Georgian words and phrases, we will provide translations of several words denoting relatives in Georgian. From our small list you will learn how mother and other close relatives speak Georgian.
Mom - grandfather (დედა), affectionately dadiko (დედიკო) mommy.
Dad - mom (მამა), affectionately mamiko (მამიკო) daddy.
Grandmother - bebia (ბებია), or baby (ბებო) granny.
Grandfather is babua (ბაბუა), or babu (ბაბუ) grandpa.
Brother - dzma (ძმა), affectionately zamiko (ძამიკო) little brother.
Sister - yes (და), affectionately daiko (დაიკო) little sister.
Husband – kmari (ქმარი)
Wife – tsoli (ცოლი)
What invariably surprises foreigners is the way older relatives address their children. So, if a child calls his mother, then he calls her grandfather. The mother, answering the child, also addresses, namely: the mother asks the child if he wants water, didiko tskhali ginda (დედიკო წყალი გინდა?) Literally translated as follows: mommy want water?
The same applies to grandparents addressing their grandchildren. Babo zgvaze ginda? (ბებო ზღვაზე გინდა?) Do you want to go to the sea, grandma? This is how a grandmother will address her grandson or granddaughter. Even any grandfather on the street will turn to a young man for help with the words: babu damehmare (ბაბუ დამეხმარე).
Here we will indicate how it will be friend in Georgian - pronounced megobari, written მეგობარი. However, keep in mind the following nuance if you address a friend in Russian: friend, help! Then in Georgian you need to change the ending and say megobaro damehmare! (მეგობარო დამეხმარე). Note that when addressed, the ending always changes to “o”.
In the Georgian language the word is often found bijo although this word cannot be found in the Russian-Georgian dictionary. In fact, this is the word “bichi” (boy), which is pronounced as an address or shout “bicho!” But at the same time, the word was transformed into the street slang address “bijo”.
What also amazes tourists is that in a Georgian family there is a clear understanding of which side you are related to, your mother’s or your father’s. You can say aunt in Georgian like this: deida, mamida, bitsola. Please note that Deyda (დეიდა) is mom’s sister, Mamida (მამიდა) is dad’s sister, and Bitsola (ბიცოლა) is the uncle’s wife (uncles on either side, either on mom’s or dad’s). And only uncle from all sides is simple - bidzia (ბიძია).
If you want to call out or call a girl (something like auntie), then you need to address her as deyda (დეიდა).
And a few more relatives often mentioned during conversations:
Daughter-in-law – rdzali (რძალი)
Son-in-law – sidze (სიძე).
Mother-in-law – dedamtili (დედამთილი)
Father-in-law - mamamtili (მამამთილი)
Mother-in-law – sidedre (სიდედრი)
Father-in-law – simamre (სიმამრი).
Boy - whips (ბიჭი)
Girl – gogo (გოგო)
The guy is ahalgazrda bichi (ახალგაზრდა ბიჭი)
Girl - kalishvili (ქალიშვილი)
Man – katsi (კაცი)
Woman - kali (ქალი)
Below is Russian-Georgian phrasebook, which contains more than 100 of the most common words and expressions in the Georgian language.
Russian-Georgian phrasebook
Next you will find a small translator from Georgian to Russian which we divided into two parts. The first part contains frequently used words that are difficult to translate in one word. In the second part there are Russian words, the meaning of which has been changed in Georgia. The third, largest, contains the most popular and most frequently used words.
The dictionary includes words that can often be heard on the street, but are difficult to find in the dictionary.
Baraka (ბარაქა) - wealth, material prosperity, various forms of material wealth. Usually this is desired during toasts; in short, prosperity in everything.
Exchange (ბირჟა) - has nothing in common with other exchanges and is a mystical place in an area or city where guys, men or older people gather to communicate and discuss the latest news and problems.
Genatsvale (გენაცვალე) is a person whom you love, respect and hug at the same time.
Dzveli bichi (ძველი ბიჭი) – literal translation “old boy”. This is a young male representative who rarely works, often hangs out at the stock exchange, lives by an unwritten code and is 100% confident in his coolness.
Jandaba (ჯანდაბა) - swearing, exclamation and expression of dissatisfaction, something like damn it. You can send a person there (tentatively he will end up in something between the underworld, hell and a hundred more terrible places).
Jigari (ჯიგარი) – admiration and praise. Usually an assessment of the properties of a male person, pronounced from the fullness of feelings, after performing some worthwhile action.
Mathichara (მეტიჩარა) is usually a show-off girl who makes faces, and her coquetry goes beyond the permitted boundaries. It can be addressed to a child with a smile and to an adult girl with disdain.
Supra gavshalot (სუფრა გავშალოთ) – let’s set the table and ah-da feast with a mountain. Exactly translated it sounds like “let’s open the table.”
Harahura (ხარახურა) is trash that is stored in: a garage, storage room, backyard or balcony. The trash is not suitable for business, but for some reason it is stored for many years in one of the above places.
Khatabala (ხათაბალა) is a process, an action or matter for which there is no end or edge in sight. Used in a negative sense, a task that requires strength, from someone pulling the cat by the tail.
Pehabze mkidiya (ფეხებზე მკიდია) - the exact translation of “hanging on your feet” is a frequently used expression to show a disregard for something or someone (analogous to me not giving a damn).
Tsuchisopeli (წუთისოფელი) – literally “minute village” means the transience of life. Often pronounced with regret when there is nothing left to say.
Chichilaki (ჩიჩილაკი) is a Georgian Christmas tree, which is a stick with shavings that descend from the top.
Sheni chirime (შენი ჭირიმე) – literally “I will take your illness, pain or suffering upon myself.” Used from an excess of feelings with the meaning oh my good, my dear.
Shemogevle (შემოგევლე) - similar in meaning to sheni chirim.
Shemomechama (შემომეჭამა) - accidentally ate, in other words, ate without noticing how.
Words that have this meaning only in Georgia:
Rolling is a regular turtleneck or turtleneck sweater.
Chusts are house slippers.
Hairpins are clothespins.
Bambanerka is a rectangular box of chocolates.
Paste is an ordinary pen used to write at school.
Metlach - floor tiles, tile - wall tiles, both words are interchangeable.
If you carefully read the article, then you know that the Georgian language has no gender, therefore it is beautiful th and handsome and I will sound the same.
Based on this, we offer a small selection of compliments that can be said to a woman and a man:
Expressing feelings and compliments in Georgian
Compliments
Beautiful ლამაზი (lamazi)
Smart ჭკვიანი (chkviani)
Good კარგი (hags)
Sweetheart ნაზი (nazi)
Anti-compliments
Ugly უშნო (ear)
Stupid სულელი (suleli)
Bad ცუდი (tsudi)
Angry ბოროტი (boroti)
Appeal
My dear ჩემო ძვირფასო (chemo dzvirpaso)
My handsome boy ჩემო ლამაზო (chemo lamazo)
My good ჩემო კარგო (something cargo)
My soul ჩემო სულო (chemi sulo)
My little darling ჩემო ოქრო (chemo okro)
My life ჩემო სიცოცხლე (chemo sitsotskhle)
My joy ჩემო სიხარულო (chemo sikharulo)
Phrases and words suitable for expressing your feelings
Love სიყვარული (sihvaruli)
I love you მე შენ მიყვარხარ (me shen mihvarhar)
I love უზომოდ მიყვარხარ (uzomod mikhvarhar) very much
I miss you მომენატრე (momenatre)
I dream about you მესიზმრები (masismrabi)
Kisses გკოცნი (gkotsni)
Kiss me მაკოცე (makotse)
Come to me, I'll kiss you
I really like you - შენ მე ძალიან მომწონხარ (sheng me dzalian momtsonkhar)
I will never leave you
I will always be with you სულ შენთან ვიქნები (sul shentan viknabi)
You are my life
You are the meaning of my life
Why Don `t you call? რატომ არ მირეკავ? (ratom ar mirekav?)
I'll wait დაგელოდები (dagelodebi)
I'm very sad without you
Come soon მალე ჩამოდი (male chamodi)
Don't write ნუ მწერ (well mtser)
Forget me დამივიწყე (damivitshe)
Don't call me again აღარ დამირეკო (agar damireko)
Now you know how to compliment a Georgian man and woman.
Acquaintance and meeting
Hello გამარჯობა (gamarjoba)
Hello გამარჯობათ (gamarjobat)
Reply to hello გაგიმარჯოს (gagimarjos)
See you, goodbye ნახვამდის (nahvamdis)
Bye კარგად (kargad)
Good morning დილა მშვიდობისა (dila mshvidobisa)
Good afternoon დღე მშვიდობისა (dge mshvidobisa)
Good evening საღამო მშვიდობისა (sagamo mshvidobisa)
Good night ძილი ნებისა (dzili nebisa)
Thank you madloba (მადლობა)
Thank you very much დიდი მადლობა (didi madloba)
Thank you გმადლობთ (gmadlobt)
Please, you're welcome არაფრის (arapris)
How are you როგორ ხარ? (rogor har?)
How are you? How are you? როგორ ხართ? (Rogor Hart?)
Fine. How are you? კარგად. თქვენ? (Kargad. Tkven?)
Thank you, good გმადლობთ, კარგად (gmadlobt, kargad)
Bad ცუდად (tsudad)
Sorry უკაცრავად (ukatsravad)
Excuse me ბოდიში (bodyshi)
What is your name? რა გქვია? (ra gkwia?)
My name is... მე მქვია... (me mkwia...)
I don't speak Georgian არ ვლაპარაკობ ქართულად (ar vlaparakob kartlad)
I don't know Georgian მე არ ვიცი ქართული (me ar vitsi kartuli)
In the store and restaurant
What is the price? რა ღირს? (ra girs?)
What it is? ეს რა არის? (es ra aris?)
Do you have... თქვენ გაქვთ... (tkven gakvt...)
I want მინდა (minda)
I don’t want არ მინდა (ar minda)
You can't არ შეიძლება (ar sheidzleba)
A little bit ცოტა (sota)
A lot of ბევრი (bevri)
All ყველა (khvela)
How many? რამდენი? (ramdeni?)
Bring the bill to ანგარიში მოიტანეთ (angarishi moitanet)
Drinks and food:
Water წყალი (tskhali)
Juice წვენი (tsveni)
Coffee ყავა (hava)
Tea ჩაი (teas)
Wine ღვინო (guino)
Fruits ხილი (hili)
Nuts თხილი (thili)
Walnuts ნიგოზი (nigozi)
Ice cream ნაყინი (nahini)
Honey თაფლი (tapli)
Salt მარილი (pickled)
Pepper პილპილი (pilpili)
Bread პური (puri)
Meat ხორცი (khortsi)
Cheese ყველი (khveli)
Shish kebab მწვადი (mtsvadi)
Greens მწვანილი (mtsvanili)
Breakfast საუზმე (sauzme)
Lunch სადილი (seated)
Dinner ვახშამი (Vakhshami)
Colors and wardrobe items
Black შავი (shawi)
White თეთრი (tetri)
Blue ლურჯი (lurji)
Red წითელი (tsiteli)
Yellow ყვითელი (khviteli)
Green მწვანე (mtsvane)
Pink ვარდისფერი (vardisperi)
Orange ნარინჯისფერი (narinjisperi)
Dress კაბა (kaba)
Skirt ქვედატანი (kvedatani)
Trousers შარვალი (sharvali)
Socks წინდები (tsindebi)
Location
Left მარცხენა (martskhena)
Right მარჯვენა (marjvena)
Straight პირდაპირ (pirdapir)
Up ზემოთ (zemot)
Down ქვემოთ (kvemot)
Far შორს (shores)
Close ახლოს (ahlos)
Card რუკა (emphasis on y) (hand)
Where…? სად არის? (garden aris...?)
What time is it now? რომელი საათია? (Romeli Saathia?)
What's the address? რა მისამართია? (ra misamartia?)
Where is the hotel? სადარის სასტუმრო? (sad aris sastumro?)
Railway station რკინიგზის ვაგზალი (rkinigzis vagzali)
Airport აეროპორტი (airport)
Port პორტი (porti)
Taxi ტაქსი (taxi)
Bus ავტობუსი (buses)
Area მოედანი (moedani)
We sincerely hope that the article answered all your questions and now you can understand what Georgians are saying, and also feel free to enter into a conversation with them. We tried to cover various topics of conversation that tourists in Georgia may have. They taught you not only literary speech, but also introduced you to frequently used slang expressions. If you still have questions, ask them in the comments. We will try to answer everyone.
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Georgian language (ქართული ენა; kartuli ena) - the most important language in the Caucasian group of languages. The Caucasian group of languages is divided into three language families: South Caucasian or Kartvelian, Northeastern and Northwestern. They are very diverse. Strabo (Greek historian and geographer ) wrote that in I century BC in the region of Dioscuria (Sukhumi) alone, the Romans needed at least 70 translators. In Dagestan alone there are 14 nationalities and 29 languages, so it is not surprising that the name of the Caucasus comes from the Arabic phrase “mountain of languages.”
The Georgian alphabet has 5 vowels and 28 consonants, and is unlike any other alphabet in the world. Georgia had its own written language back in III century BC, but it was supplanted by Greek and Aramaic writing. The modern alphabet began to develop with the advent of the Christian faith in the country and was already in use in 450. The first literary work, “The Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik,” was written by Y. Tsurtaveli between 476 and 483. IN XII century, Shota Rustaveli wrote a poem in verse, “The Knight in the Skin of a Tiger.” There are no genders in the Georgian language, and there are no capital letters in the Georgian writing system.
The majority of the adult population in large cities of Georgia speak Russian. Young people often understand and speak English well. In mountainous areas, in small villages, the local population speaks only Georgian.
When going on a Georgia tour, you can purchase tourist phrasebooks of the Georgian language and learn basic phrases for communication. I will list some phrases below in a short dictionary.
Brief dictionary
|
Russian |
Georgian |
|
Hello! |
Gamarjobat! |
|
Good morning! |
Dila mshvidobisa! |
|
Welcome! |
Mobrzandit! |
|
What is your name? |
Ra kvia? |
|
How are you? |
Rogora har? |
|
Goodbye! |
Nahvamdis! |
|
Sorry! |
Bodyshi! Mapatiet! |
|
Thank you! |
Gmadlobt! |
|
Thank you very much! |
Didi madloba! |
|
Water |
Ttskali |
|
Where is..? |
Aris garden..? |
|
Hot |
Tskheli |
|
Yes |
Diah, ho (colloquial) |
|
House |
Sakhli |
|
Expensive |
Dzviria |
|
Food |
Sachmeli |
|
Closed |
Dacatilia |
|
When? |
Rodis? |
|
Beautiful |
Lamazi |
|
Who, what, which? |
Romeli? |
|
Small |
Patara |
|
Mother |
Deda |
|
Father |
Mother |
|
My name is... |
Me mkwia.. |
|
My pleasure! (response to gratitude) |
Apris! |
|
No |
Macaw |
|
Very |
Dzalian |
|
Please! |
Inebet, Tu sheidzlaba! |
|
How many? (quantity) |
Ramdani? |
|
What is the price) |
Ra ghirs? |
|
Bread |
Puri |
|
Money |
Bullets |
|
Fine |
Kargad |
|
Days of the week and time |
|
|
Monday |
Orshabati |
|
Tuesday |
Samshabati |
|
Wednesday |
Othshabati |
|
Thursday |
Khutshabati |
|
Friday |
Paraskevi |
|
Saturday |
Shabbat |
|
Sunday |
Queer |
|
At noon |
Nashuadghes |
|
In the evening |
Saghamos |
|
Yesterday |
Gushin |
|
Tomorrow |
Praise |
|
Day after tomorrow |
Zag |
|
Today |
Dghes |
|
Minute |
Tsuchi |
|
Now |
Ahla |
|
What time is it now? |
Romeli saathia? |
|
In the morning |
Dilas |
|
Geographical dictionary |
|
|
Bus station |
Bussabis Sadguri |
|
Airport |
Airport |
|
Upper |
Zemo |
|
Interior |
Shida |
|
Mountain |
MTA |
|
City |
Kalaki |
|
Hotel |
Sastumro |
|
Lower |
Kvemo |
|
Square |
Moedani |
|
Train |
Matarabeli |
|
Avenue |
Gamziri |
|
River |
Mdinare |
|
Street |
Heap |
|
Gorge |
Heavy |
|
Church |
Eclasia |
Numerals
|
0 — zeros |
12 — tormati |
50 — ormotsdaati |
|
1 — erty |
13 — tsameti |
60 — samotsi |
|
2 —ori |
14 — tothmeti |
70 — Samotsdaati |
|
3 — themselves |
15 — thutmethi |
80 — otkhmotsi |
|
4 — otkhi |
16 —tekvsmeti |
90 — otkhmotsdaati |
|
5 — Houthis |
17 — chvidmati |
100 — asi |
|
6 — eqsi |
18 — tvrameti |
101 — as erti |
|
7 — Shvidi |
19 — tshrameti |
200 — orasi |
|
8 — ditch |
20 — oci |
1000 — atashi |
|
9 — tshra |
21 — otsdaherti |
10 000 — ati atashi |
|
10 — ati |
30 — otsdeati |
100 000 — ashi atashi |
|
11 — Tertmeti |
40 — ormotsi |
Million - milioni |
The above phrases and words may be useful to you in conversation during your visit to Georgia. However, for a more comfortable stay in Georgia, we recommend that you use our services. All services in the format “Georgia tours” and “Georgia excursions” company Rainbow Georgia // provides in Russian, English and, upon request, in French.
No matter how society changes over time, the cultural heritage remains - and the more traditional norms remain in daily use, the more exotic the behavior of the bearers of these traditions seems to modern people. To residents of the capital, the Caucasian rules of behavior seem cumbersome and complicated, but we must take into account that they have been formed over centuries as manifestations of their own dignity and were created to prevent conflicts. In Georgia, greetings are structured in such a way as to show respect for the interlocutor and in no case cause accidental offense.
What they say and how they behave when greeting
A mandatory element of greeting in Georgia and throughout the Caucasus region is a handshake. This is both a symbol of your recognition of your interlocutor as a respected and worthy person, and a demonstration of trust, and an expression of your own honor. Not shaking an outstretched hand means causing a grave insult and demonstrating your deep hostility.
The younger one always comes up to greet and offers his hand first, then taking a step back. Traditions require keeping a distance between interlocutors - about a meter in the case of two men, two meters in the case of a man and a woman, and about seventy centimeters for a conversation between women. If the greeting takes place in the room where they were previously sitting, they greet the newcomer while standing, showing him their respect.
When greeting Georgians, they say “Gamarjoba”, which means “I wish you victory!” - this is a greeting of a man by a man passed down from generation to generation, characterizing him as a worthy and glorious warrior. If you are just passing by on the street and see how your friend raised his hand to his head, greeting you, repeat his gesture, but under no circumstances take off your hat. For residents of Georgia, a headdress is a symbol of human dignity, so by removing it, you demonstrate disrespect for yourself. If you see someone you know walking behind you, stop and wait for them to greet you appropriately.
Feminine characteristics of greetings in Georgia
The rules of etiquette differ for communication between men and with women. In Georgia, women never extend their hand or touch him when greeting - the only exception may be greetings between relatives. Kissing on the cheek when meeting is also unacceptable. According to tradition, by not allowing any contact with men, a woman protects her honor and the honor of her family. If a man passes by a woman when meeting, he must leave her on his right hand. If a woman passes by a sitting acquaintance, his task is to rise and greet her, but she should not come too close to him. These conventions are associated primarily with the status of women in society, which, on the one hand, is traditionally lower than that of men, and on the other, the higher the more worthy the woman behaves.
Sources:
- help me learn to speak Georgian
Rules of etiquette have existed for quite a long time. But for some people the question of who should say hello first still remains open.
Business conversation
To understand the question of who should greet first, the first thing you need to consider is the age and social status of the interlocutors. If we take a large office as an example, the first person to say hello will be the one who is lower in work status. That is, the subordinate is the first to greet his boss or other superior person, regardless of age. An exception would be a situation in which the boss, upon entering the office, sees all his colleagues sitting at work and greets them.
Free communication
Free communication means communication with friends, family, acquaintances, without obligation to anything, such as, for example, at work.
More often, when meeting in a cafe, theater, on the street and other public places, the man is usually the first to greet. But that doesn't mean it has to be that way. Perhaps he is just a very polite person himself.
You should be the first to greet people of the older generation; this will be considered good manners and respect for a person who has lived almost his whole life.
If we assume that there was a first date between a man and a woman, the first greeting of a man to his passion will only be a plus, since at present there are not so many gallant and cultured men. Although this also applies.
It happens that a person you don’t know greets you on the street. In this case, you can either say hello back or simply nod your head. Then you can remember for a long time who he is and where you might have met him before.
You can greet a person in any way you like: “Hello!”, “Good morning!”, “Good day!”, “Good afternoon!” etc. At the same time, you can nod, bow, shake hands. And if you do this with a pleasant intonation and a smile, the greeting will be doubly friendlier.
According to a sociological survey, it is clear that the majority of people believe that a man should still say hello first. Maybe this is how it should be, but the main thing is that the greeting is mutually pleasant!
In addition, do not forget about the long-existing phrase: “Whoever says hello first is polite!”
Traditions are an element of cultural and social heritage that can be passed on from generation to generation. Traditions are preserved in the culture of a certain society for a fairly long period of time.
You will need
- Computer with Internet connection.
Instructions
Traditions, as a necessary condition for the life of a culture, are determined by the fact that neglect of them can lead to disruptions in the continuity of development of both culture and society as a whole. However, if you blindly worship only traditions, then the society can degenerate into an acutely conservative one.
The concept of tradition is closely connected with the concept itself. The main distinguishing feature of such a society is that the central place in it will belong, first of all, to the religious and mythological system. They will be the basis of political, social and cultural processes.
Traditional society in human history occupies a fairly long period of time. Historians attribute to it such eras as primitiveness, slavery and medieval feudalism.
Georgian language (ქართული ენა kartuli ena listen)) is the official state language of Georgia. Belongs to the Kartvelian group. One of the most ancient living languages on earth - appeared in the 3rd century AD.
What do you need to know when going to Georgia? Most Georgians over 30 know Russian. Young people, as a rule, know English. In Adjara (Batumi), the majority understands Turkish. But in small towns and villages people communicate only in Georgian. This is where the Russian-Georgian phrasebook, which is given at the end of the article, will come in handy.
Features of the Georgian language
In the modern Georgian alphabet 33 letters- 5 vowels and 28 consonants. This is the only alphabet in the world in which one sound corresponds to one letter and vice versa.
Pronounced accents not in Georgian. However, there is a conditional rule. In disyllabic words, the stress is usually on the first syllable, in polysyllabic words - on the third syllable from the end.
In Georgian no birth. In Georgian writing no capital letters.
The Georgian language is very beautiful. And Georgian polyphony is recognized by UNESCO as a masterpiece of cultural heritage. In 1977, two Voyager spacecraft set off to explore space. On board is a message from humanity to extraterrestrial civilizations. Among the great works - Chakrulo song:
Georgian dialects
There are several Kartvelian languages: actually common Georgian - literary (Kartuli ena), Svan (Lushnu Nin), Mingrelian (Margalur Nina), Laz (Lazuri Nena).
The Georgian language includes several dialects, the differences between which are insignificant: Kartlian, Kakheti, Imeretian, Gurian, Pshavian, Racha, Adjarian, Khevsurian, Tushian, etc.
Interesting facts about the Georgian language
- The modern Georgian alphabet “Mkhedruli” was created in the 10th century, and in the 60s of the 19th century Ilya Chavchavadze carried out a reform and reduced the number of letters in the alphabet to 33, removing five archaic and practically unused letters from it.
- The first surviving monument of Georgian literature, “The Martyrdom of Shushanik” by Yakov Tsurtaveli. Written between 475-484.
- 1709 - printing began in Georgia.
- Some familiar words were significantly influenced by the warlike past of the people. For example, gamarjoba= hello comes from a wish for victory. Reply gagimajos= victory for you. Good morning literally means “peaceful morning” ( dilamshvidobisa).
- Georgian numerals up to 20 are based on the decimal number system, and from 20 to 100 on the 20 number system. For example, the number 35 is translated as “twenty and fifteen.”
| Number | Translation | Formation principle |
| 10 | ati | — |
| 20 | oci | — |
| 30 | otsdaati | 20 and 10 |
| 40 | ormotsi | 2 times 20 |
| 50 | ormotsdaati | 2 times 20 and 10 |
| 60 | samotsi | 3 times 20 |
| 70 | self-cide | 3 times 20 and 10 |
| 80 | otkhmotsi | 4 times 20 |
| 90 | otkhmotsdaati | 4 times 20 and 10 |
| 100 | asi | — |
- Under the USSR in Georgia, the Georgian language had the status of the state language.
- In ancient Georgian, “juga” means “steel”. Therefore, Joseph Dzhugashvili got the pseudonym Stalin. In fact, this is a direct translation of the surname into Russian.
- The Guinness Book of Records includes the word " gvprtskvnis"(he cleanses us, he removes the husks from us). This word has 8 consonants in a row.
- There is a version that the word wine (vine, wine,) comes from the Georgian gvino(ღვინო). Which, in turn, goes back to the verb “ Gwivili"(ღვივილი) - bloom, bring to a boil, ferment). Georgian word " Dagwinda" means the end of the wine fermentation process. The same can be said about a person: “dagvinda bichi” means a mature young man. This is not surprising, because the tradition of winemaking originated in Georgia back in the 6th millennium BC.
- In Danelia’s film “Kin-dza-dza!” the characters speak the Chatlan-Patsak language. And it was created on the basis of Georgian. Famous " ku"in Georgian means "turtle". Gravitsapa comes from the Georgian expression “ ra vitsi aba« - “Who knows!” Pepelats generally takes on a very romantic flair, because ashes in Georgian it means “butterfly”. And etsikh comes from Georgian tsikhe- jail.
Russian - Georgian phrasebook with pronunciation
If you want to know how to say thank you in Georgian, see our dictionary.
| Yes | ho (colloquial), ki (neutral), diah (respectful) |
| No | macaw |
| Thank you | madloba |
| Thanks a lot | didi madloba |
| My pleasure | arapris |
| I'm sorry | ukatsravat (if you ask for directions) |
| Sorry | bodyshi (if someone is accidentally pushed) |
| Hello | gamarjoba |
| return greeting | Gagimarjos |
| Goodbye | nahvamdis |
| bye (friendly farewell) | kargad |
| Do you speak Russian? | tkven laparakobt rusulad? |
| I | meh |
| You | sheng |
| We | chwen |
| You | tkven |
| They | isini |
| How are you? | Rogor Hart? |
| Fine. How are you? | kargad. Tkwan? |
| what is your name? | ra gquiat? |
| sir (polite address) | loaf |
| madam (polite address) | calbatono |
| Fine | kargad |
| Badly | tsudad |
| mother | grandfather |
| father | Mother |
| son | Vazhishvili |
| daughter | Kalishvili |
| wife | tsoli, meugle (spouse) |
| husband | kmari, meugle (husband) |
| Friend | megobari (friend), genatsvale (literally - I am for you, used as a form of address), dzmakatsi (close friend, brother-in-arms), akhlobeli (buddy) |
| Cool! | Magrad! |
| Very good! | dzalian kargad! |
| so-so! | ara mishavs! |
| ok, good | hags |
| My name is … | me var... |
| meet my friend | gaitsanite chemi megabari |
| with pleasure | Siamovnebit |
| come in! | shemobrdzandit! |
| sit down! | dabrzandit! |
| I agree | tanakhma var |
| Certainly | ra tkma unda |
| Right | scoria |
| Very good | dzalian kargad |
| Everything is fine | kwelaperi rigzea |
| can I ask you? | sheizleba gthovot? |
| I beg you very much! | dzalian gthowt! |
| can I come in? | sheidzleba shemovide? |
| can I smoke? | sheidzleba movzio? |
| this is too much! | es ukwe nametania! |
| horror! | Sashinelebaa! |
| Weird! | utsnauria! |
| Sorry, I'm in a hurry! | ukatsravad, mechkareba! |
| What would you like? | ra gnebavt? |
| Nothing! | araperi! |
| I want to see the city | Minda Kalakis Datvaliereba |
| You are very kind | tkven dzalian tavaziani brdzandebit |
| in no case! | aravitar shemthvevasi! |
| it is forbidden! | ar sheidzleba! |
| I don't think | aramgonia |
| Don't want! | ar minda! |
| you are wrong! | tkven is debiting! |
| I am very happy! | dzalian miharia! |
| How much does it cost? | ra hirs? |
| what it is? | es ra aris? |
| I will buy it | me amas wikidi |
| you have… | twain gaakvt...? |
| open | hiaa |
| closed | daketilia |
| a little, little | price |
| a little | tsotati |
| a lot of | bevri |
| All | khvela |
| bread | puri |
| drink | sasmeli, dasalebi (alcohol) |
| coffee | kava |
| tea | teas |
| juice | tsveni |
| water | tskkhali |
| wine | gvino |
| meat | khortsi |
| salt | Marili |
| pepper | pilpili |
| Where…? | garden aris...? |
| how much does the ticket cost? | tickets ra ghirs? |
| train | matarebeli (from tareb - to lead) |
| metro | metro |
| airport | airports |
| railway station | rkinigzis sadguri |
| bus station | autosadguri |
| departure | gasvla |
| arrival | Chamosvla |
| hotel | sastumro |
| room | otahi |
| passport | passports |
| left | Marchniv |
| right | Marjniv |
| directly | pirdapir |
| up | zemot |
| down | quamoth |
| far | shores |
| close | akhlos |
| map | hand |
| post | |
| museum | museumumi |
| bank | banks |
| police | police |
| hospital | saavadmkhopo, first aid stations |
| pharmacy | Aptiaki |
| shop | shop |
| restaurant | restaurants |
| church | eklesia |
| Street | a bunch |
| young woman | gogon |
| young man | ahalgazrdav |
date and time
| what time is it now? | Romeli Saathia? |
| day | dghe |
| a week | queer |
| month | TVE |
| year | goals |
| Monday | orshabati |
| Tuesday | Samshabati |
| Wednesday | otkhshabati |
| Thursday | hutshabati |
| Friday | paraskavi |
| Saturday | Shabbat |
| Sunday | queer |
| winter | zamtari |
| spring | gazaphuli |
| summer | got sick |
| autumn | shemodgoma |
Numerals
| 1 | erty |
| 2 | ori |
| 3 | themselves |
| 4 | otkhi |
| 5 | Houthis |
| 6 | eqsi |
| 7 | Shvidi |
| 8 | ditch |
| 9 | tshra |
| 10 | ati |
| 11 | termeti |
| 12 | tormeti |
| 13 | tsameti |
| 14 | tokhmeti |
| 15 | thutmeti |
| 16 | tekvsmeti |
| 17 | tsvidmeti |
| 18 | tvrameti |
| 19 | Tskhrameti |
| 20 | otsi |
| 30 | otsdaati |
| 40 | ormotsi |
| 50 | ormotsdaati |
| 100 | ac |