Lesson Objectives: to form an idea of the connection between the natural units of time “day”, “week” with the movement of the Earth around its axis and the change of day and night; introduce children to ancient legends that explain the change of day and night as a fantastic action of magical creatures; expand the ways of children’s creative activity - verbal, visual, etc.
Planned results: be able to give a scientific explanation of the change of day and night using the diagram in the textbook and associate two natural units of time measurement with this phenomenon - the day and the week.
During the classes
1. Org. class
2. Repetition of what has been covered
The teacher begins the lesson by reading an excerpt from G. Novitskaya’s poem “The Tale of Found Time”:
Listen to the clock:
- Tick-tock, tick-tock, tick-tock, -
The cheerful gnome sings
Named Tik-Tak.
When the arrows converge,
He knows what's coming
To him Ruddy Afternoon
Will come in to talk.
And the arrows will scatter -
His brother will find him
Merry Good Evening,
Like many years ago.
Replacing him, Midnight
He will come quietly
Named Tik-Tak
He will call you just barely audibly.
Will stay until dawn
And he will run away again.
And it will be Good Morning
Then play Tic-Tac.
And as soon as the arrows converge,
And into the room just about
To Tik-Tak again Noon
Will come in to talk.
- Guys, what is this poem about? (About the clock, about time.) In the last lesson we talked about measuring time. Let's check which units of time are remembered. (P)
3. Working on a new one
1).Game "Day-Night".
– Now try to guess what unit of time is spoken about in the poem. Who wants to help me? Four assistants needed.
The teacher gives game names to the children who volunteer: Morning, Noon, Evening, Midnight. Children join hands. Teacher: “Let’s give the pair Morning - Noon a common name - Day, and the pair Evening - Midnight we will call Night. What one common name can be given to all our heroes? What is the time that passes from one sunrise to the next called? What unit of time is this? (Day.)
2).Working with the textbook.
The teacher invites the children participating in the skit to join in a round dance and move in a circle clockwise, while moving slightly to the side. The teacher accompanies the movement of the round dance by reading the text of the first paragraph from p. 20 textbook.
– Since ancient times, people have been looking for an answer to the question of why day and night alternate. Here, for example, is the answer offered by the ancient Greeks. Let's read about this in the textbook. Students read the text of the myth on p. 21 textbooks. The teacher asks the children what other magical explanations for the alternation of day and night they know. He invites you to come up with your own fairy tales and complete task No. 1 on p. 14 workbook.
4. Fizminutka
5. the change of night and day
1) Problematic issue.
– We got acquainted with fantastic explanations of the change of day and night. Now let’s find out how science answers this question. Our assistants began to argue: The girl believes that the Sun moves around the Earth and alternately illuminates one side and then the other. And the Boy says that it is the Earth that revolves around the Sun and therefore the Girl’s explanation is incorrect. Guys, raise your hands if you agree with the Boy. And who supports the Girl? Let's remember the lesson “We are the inhabitants of the Universe.” We then became acquainted with how the Universe works. And we know that a hot celestial body - the star Sun - is in the center, and the planets - cold celestial bodies, including our Earth - revolve around it. This is such a heavenly dance. This means that the Girl’s explanation of why the change of day and night occurs is incorrect.
2). Working with a textbook article.
– On which side of the horizon does the sun rise and on which does it set? What is the North Pole, South Pole?
Reading the text on p. 20-21 of the textbook about the rotation of the Earth around an imaginary axis. Suggests looking at the diagram in the textbook on p. 20, which prompts the correct answer to the question about the reasons for the change of day and night, and discusses it with children.
3).Role play.
Next, the teacher invites students to try themselves in the role of the Earth and the Sun. A paper headband with a picture of the globe is placed on the head of one of those who wish. Another student holds a flashlight in his hands. The “Earth” revolves around the “Sun”, simultaneously rotating around its imaginary axis.
4).Work in a notebook.
Then complete tasks No. 2 and No. 3 on p. 14-15 workbook.
– Now the Earth has completely turned around its axis. How much time has passed? (Day.) What are seven days together called? (Week.) A good reading student reads the text on p. 22-23 textbooks. The teacher asks the children to name the days of the week. (Presentation)
– How can you tell by the name which day of the week comes second? fifth? fourth?
To consolidate knowledge about the days of the week, children complete task No. 4 on p. 15 workbook.
6. Reflection
Students look at the pictures on p. 22 textbooks, discuss them, as well as questions proposed in the “Let's think!” section. us. 23 textbooks.
7. Homework: theoretical material on p. 20-23 textbooks, task No. 5 on p. 15 workbook.
The world
Lesson 6. MONTH AND YEAR (p. 24-27)
Lesson objectives: to form children’s ideas about the connection between the natural units of time “month” and “year” with people’s observation of the movement of the Moon around the Earth, of changes in nature from spring to spring, when the Earth makes a full revolution around the Sun; awaken in children an interest in observing living and inanimate nature: the “life” of the Moon in the night sky, the changing seasons; develop children's creative imagination in the process of observing nature throughout the year.
Planned results: be able to use a diagram to give a scientific explanation for the change in the appearance of the Moon over the course of a month; establish a connection between the names of the Earth’s natural satellite and the unit of time “month”; be able to represent the unit of time “year” as a sequence of twelve months; be creative in creating a fairy-tale image of the “month” and “year” in the form of anthropomorphic or zoomorphic creatures using verbal or visual arts.
During the classes
1. Org. class
2. Repetition of what has been covered
Frontal survey.
3. Updating knowledge
Riddle: “A piece of bread hangs above grandma’s hut. The dog barks, but he can’t get it.” (Month.)
- Guys, what is “crumble of bread”? Who wants to draw a picture on the board for this answer?
– And the month may also look like a sickle - an ancient tool used to remove rye and wheat from the fields. Now let’s compare: how are the shapes similar and how are the edges of bread and a sickle different?” (They have the same shape, rounded on one side; but the edge has a straight second side, and the inside of the sickle is also rounded, the horns are sharp, the whole sickle is thin, and the edge is more voluminous and plump.)
“Here’s another riddle for you: “A gray stallion, round like a crown, looks at the whole world with white eyes.” What is this? (Moon.) Now let’s remember what the Moon is. (A cold celestial body that revolves around the Earth, a satellite of the Earth.) Who can make a drawing on the board of how the Moon “looks at the whole world”?
– And now a question for the most observant: does the Moon always look the same in the sky, like a round crown, like a ball, like a whole round loaf of bread? (No. The Moon looks different in the sky: sometimes we see the Moon in the form of a thin sickle, sometimes in the form of a dense edge of bread. In both cases, we call it a month.)
– So, what visible form of the Moon in the sky do people call the word “month”? (When the Moon is visible in the sky in the shape of a sickle, the edge of bread.) You see, it turns out that people have long used two different words for the different visible shapes of the Moon in the sky. Let’s try to figure out why the Moon looks different in the sky and why the word “month” has a second meaning - a unit of time that consists of four weeks.”
4. Working on the topic
1). Text on p. 24-25 textbook.
2). Scheme on p. 24-25 textbook.
Fizminutka
6. Consolidation
To consolidate the material, children complete task No. 1 on p. 18 workbook.
Japanese fairy tale about the moon hare:“One day a deity came to visit the hare. The owner had nothing to treat the distinguished guest. And in order not to violate the laws of hospitality, the hare himself threw himself into the fire, deciding to serve as a treat. The deity, amazed by the nobility of the hare, snatched the poor thing from the fire and threw it into the sky. Now the hare lives forever on the Moon, serving everyone living on Earth as an example of nobility and selflessness.”
- True, on a clear night of a full moon you can see a figure on the Moon that may resemble a hare or some other animal or people. In fact, even with the naked eye, without our assistants - instruments, we see lunar landscapes - craters and hills.
Serbian fairy tale in processing S. Marshak “Why does the month have no dress” about the miraculous transformations of the moon:
Back forward
Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.
Lesson Objectives:
- Educational: clarify and systematize children’s knowledge about known units of time; day, week, month, year; learn to convert units of time from small to large, from large to small; learn to use a time sheet - calendar; improve oral and written numerical skills and
- ability to solve problems on a topic; ability to reason, observe;
- Developmental: develop cognitive interest and thinking of students;
- Educational: to cultivate a desire for a healthy lifestyle, interest in the subject, respect for time.
Equipment: computer; multimedia projector; Presentation “Units of time. Year"; calendars; handouts for students: cards for mental calculation, mathematical encryption, for the game “Time Machine”, tests; musical accompaniment ( Annex 1 ).
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organizational moment
Mathematics has arrived
Take your seats.
Find something useful to do for your head!
So as not to yawn from idleness,
It's useful to rack your brains!
- How do you understand racking your brains?
II. Psychological mood of students
The epigraph for today's lesson will be the words:
“Let those who do not know learn, and those who know, let them remember again.”
Conditions for success of each student:
- Be attentive and independent.
- Don't leave a question unanswered.
- Spend a minimum of time and maximum diligence on completing each task.
III. Verbal counting
1. Show your skill and dexterity. Decipher the mathematical code. Work in groups.
"Mathematical encryption"
Examination
Group 1 (Slide 4)
Group 2 (Slide 5)
Group 3 (Slide 6)
Answer to mathematical encryption (Slide 7)
2. Ingenuity challenge
There are 3 boys in one class: Chernov, Belov and Ryzhov. Chernov once told Belov: “It’s funny that one of us is blond, the other is brunette, and the third is red, but none of us has the same hair color as our last name.” In response, Belov remarked: “But I’m not red.” What hair color does each boy have?
3. Task “You and your health”
More than 400 types of beneficial bacteria live in the human intestine. They produce vitamins, help digest food, and to a certain extent protect the intestines from invading microorganisms. When using medications, the number of beneficial bacteria is reduced by 4 times. How many beneficial bacteria are destroyed by a person taking medication? What effective treatments for influenza do you know?
Result of oral counting - Slide 10
IV. Musical physical exercise(eye exercise)
From the collection of physical exercises by I.A. Galkina.
Our eyes, rest,
Take a nap under your eyelashes
Now look into the distance (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
And then on the desk (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Look left, right,
Up and down
Now forward
Let's continue our lesson.
V. Working on a new topic
1. Study of the seasons
– And time moves forward, our school year continues.
– What unit of time was sounded in the lines?
– It’s about time, units of measurement of time that we’ll talk about today.
– The topic of our lesson: Units of time – year.
– When does the school year begin and end for schoolchildren? (September – May)
– How long does it last? (9 months).
– What is a year anyway? V. Dahl’s fairy tale “The Old Man of the Year” and the calendar will help us figure this out.
- What is a year? (Work on content and calendar).
– What secret is contained in the fairy tale-riddle?
– What 4 time periods can a year be divided into? (4 seasons)
– List the seasons
Slides 15-18
– Name the winter months, spring, summer, autumn according to the calendar? (This division of months into seasons is conditional, since the new season begins gradually, smoothly, and not strictly at the beginning of the month)
– Name the months in order.
– You probably know that each month contains a certain number of days, which are collected in a year.
– Look at the calendar and tell me how many months contain 30 days? 31 days?
– What month does not have a constant number of days? (February).
– What does this depend on? (Whether it’s a leap year or not).
– If you add up all the days by month, you get 365 (366) days.
1 month = 30 or 31 or 28 (29) days.
1 year = 365 (366) days
– In ordinary life, we most often count time in weeks, i.e. People
They came up with the idea of dividing the month into weeks, and each week included 7 days.
– Now try dividing the week into smaller units of measurement? (Day)
– Have you heard the following proverb: “Day and night - a day away?”
– What did you understand about the day from this proverb? (A day has passed if day and night have passed)
– But counting time day and night is only possible in real-life situations, and if we are talking about mathematical accuracy, then we need a special device that measures time.
- We call this device... (watch)
– There are many different types and varieties of clocks, but they all have one task: they keep time.
– So, if you measure the day by the clock, then the length of the day is 24 hours.
– How many days are there in a month?
- Count how many days there are in a year? A year with 29 days in February is called a leap year. The previous one was in 2008. When will the next one be, if they repeat after 4 years.
- And just like that, the clock, gradually counting down the hours, days, weeks, months, seasons, counts down first a year, another, and so on. Time does not stand still, it goes away, and if you do not take care of it, then you will end up like the heroes of a fairy tale about lost time.
VI. Primary consolidation
– Guys, there are, of course, other units of measurement of time - both larger and smaller, but for now you and I must summarize everything that we remembered about time today.
2. Work according to the calendar
– Remember which days in each month you love the most? (Weekend)
– How are they indicated on the calendar? (in red)
– Circle all weekends in January. How many of them did you get? (9)
– Now circle all the weekends and tell me which month will contain the most weekends? (May and August)
– And you also love holidays. Find all public holidays on the calendar and circle them in red.
- 1st of January
- Jan. 7
- February 23
- March 8
- 1st of May
- 9th May
- 12 June
- November 4 (National Unity Day)
– And important for each of you – your birthday.
3. Work according to the textbook
- Let's now go to your favorite time - summer holidays.
Reading task
XII. Game "Time Machine"
– And now we'll play a little , but first you and I must learn the natural – scientific definition of temporary concepts.
Appendix 3 (Work with cards)
Exercise: Arrange these names of temporary concepts in ascending order, recognizing the natural science definition.
Slide 25
Slide 26
– Which of these units of time are:
– cosmic (natural)?
– created by man?
Cosmic time: year, month, day.
Man created: century, hour, week, second, minute.
XIII. Musical physical exercise “Clock”
IX. Consolidation of what has been learned
1. “Decipher proverbs and sayings” Translation of named numbers.
Decipher proverbs and sayings, replacing them with larger units of time.
–
Guys, write down all the translations of named numbers.
– What action do we perform when converting a named number into a larger unit?
– What action do we perform when converting a named number into a smaller unit?
– How do you understand these proverbs? Which of them will be useful to all schoolchildren?
2. Test “Units of time” with musical accompaniment Slide 29
Appendix 4 (Option 1)
Appendix 5 (Option 2)
X. Lesson summary
Peer testing in pairs “Evaluate your friend’s work”
XI. This is interesting
From the Guinness Book of Records ». Translation of named numbers.
Many interesting facts are included in the Guinness Book of Records. Meet some of them. Convert the highlighted named numbers to another unit of time:
To paraphrase our today's lesson epigraph, I think we can say:
XII. Reflection
(Children come up and put a sign next to those words that suit them at the end of the lesson)
- The lesson is useful, everything is clear.
- There's just one thing that's a little unclear.
- You still have to work hard.
- Yes, it’s still difficult to study.
XIII. Homework assignment
– Select interesting facts about time data from the life of plants or animals, come up with a problem for your classmates.
Literature:
1. V. Dahl’s fairy tale “The Old Man of the Year”
2. “Guinness Book of Records” http://guinness.h12.ru/rez_sko.htm
3. Flash drives - clocks http://runet2010.narod.ru/clock.html
4. Musical physical exercises (exercise for the eyes) From the collection of physical exercises by I.A. Galkina.
5. P. Tchaikovsky “Seasons”
6. M.V. Stadnik – fragment “Units of time, relationships between them”
7. Mathematics 4th grade. Part 1. M.I. Moro.
“The History of Watches” - Main components. Fire clocks are known. Gnomon. History of watches. Flaws. Outstanding mechanics. Ring sundial. The expression "aquam perdo". Hourglass. Ctesibius. Mechanical watch with spindle escapement. The era of the water clock. Obelisks. Fire clock. Varieties of sundials. Wide use.
“Second” - Lesson - a journey through mathematics. Fire clock. A movie camera takes 32 pictures in 2 seconds. Types of watches. Meteor Rain. Second. Physical exercise. Landing. Express it. Galaxy. Buy a ticket. Independent work. Task. Moon. Time. Physical education minute.
“Time” - What is a clock for? A week. Summer months. Spring months. Hour. The main clock of the country. What does the proverb mean? Autumn months. What does the clock show? Month. Units of time. Winter months. Day. Measuring time. Decade. Second. Year. Days of the week. Price per minute.
“Drawing up formulas” - Practical work. "Thinking" sheet. Formula for fabric consumption for a dress. Formula. The mysterious world of formulas. Volume of a rectangular parallelepiped. Product cost formula. Work formula. Areas of geometric figures. Area of a rectangle. Volumes of geometric bodies. Perimeters of polygons. Formula for the mass of prepared jam.
“Units of time” - Name the century. Units of time. Holiday dinner. Second. Leopold the cat. Which century will end on December 31, 1900. Dunno. Winnie the Pooh. Ellie girl. Mathematics. Century. Units.
“Ancient Russian measures” - Simple fathom. Oblique fathom. Measures of length. A peck of salt. From love to hate one step. A road of a thousand miles. Inch is used for measurement. Footstock. Church tithe. Determine the “height” of a person. Verst. Pood's grief. Units are long. Russian measures. Measure of length. Beard. Tithe. It saves a pound of grain. Young man.
Lena Fattakhova
Educational presentation for preschool children “Days of the Week”
EDUCATIONAL PRESENTATION FOR PRECHOOL CHILDREN Days of the week
MOU "Secondary school No. 32"
Educator: first qualification category Fattakhova Elena Vasilievna
HOW MANY DAYS IN WEEK
Somehow I wanted to with a friend
How many days do we have in week - THREE. FOUR or FIVE?
We puffed until the evening,
But we managed to find the answer,
And there is no truer answer:
EXACTLY SEVEN AT WEEK DAYS
WHY DAYS? WEEK NAMES?
Days used to have no names there hasn't been a week. And because of this there was terrible confusion. For example, someone wanted to come visit, but didn’t say when. And now they wait for him for a day, two, three, but he still doesn’t come. We stopped waiting - and he was right there.
Then we decided to come up with names for ourselves.
I will Monday, said the first day, - because I open a week.
And I am Tuesday, because I am second.
And then I’ll be Wednesday, said the third, because I’m in the middle weeks.
And I will be Thursday, because I am the fourth.
“And I’m Friday,” said the next day, “I’m the fifth.”
And I'm on Saturday because it means rest.
I will be Sunday, said the last, seventh day weeks, - because on this day Christ was resurrected.
So all the days weeks got names, and no one confused them anymore.
HOW TO REMEMBER DAYS WEEKS(Counting book)
Monday
Big brother MONDAY
Guys are not a slacker.
He opens week
Makes everyone work.
Tuesday follows brother
He has a lot of ideas.
He takes on everything boldly
And the work began to boil
Here comes the middle sister
She shouldn't be lazy
And her name is WEDNESDAY,
A craftswoman anywhere.
Brother Thursday And this way and that,
He's a dreamy weirdo
Turned to the end a week
And it barely lasted.
FRIDAY – Sister – managed to finish the job quickly.
If you are making progress, there is time for fun.
Penultimate brother SATURDAY
Doesn't go to work.
Rotten and mischievous.
He's not used to working.
He has a different talent - he is a poet and musician,
Yes, not a joiner or a carpenter.
Traveler, hunter.
Resurrection
Sunday is visiting
Loves treats very much
This is the youngest brother
He will be glad to come to you.
Publications on the topic:
Card index of outdoor games for preschool children on lexical topics of the week Card file of outdoor games for preschool children on lexical topics of the week Compiled by: Shishmareva N. A. Thematic week:.
Summary of a correctional and developmental lesson for primary schoolchildren with mental retardation “Days of the week” Summary of a correctional and developmental lesson for primary schoolchildren with mental retardation “Days of the week”
Consultation “We teach the days of the week” Now the time has come for our kids to master more extensive knowledge: seasons, months, days of the week.
To introduce children to time periods, namely the days of the week, I came up with the game model “Days of the Week”. By which children are easily remembered.
Vera Kaluzhina in publication dated 28.10 p. g. presented a very interesting work with a felt Firebird, in which there was the following task: Ivan.
Educational presentation for preschool children “Profession of a doctor” Presentation for children of the middle group “Introduction to the medical profession” Purpose: To introduce children to the medical profession, tell them what they do.
Passport for the project “Colored Days of the Week” Passport of the project “Colorful days of the week” Program section: Cognitive development Thematic field: Reading fairy tales, learning poems, guessing.