Sound setting. How to make the sound “T” in a child and teach correct articulation

Modern parents know that in order to successfully study at school, children need to clearly and clearly pronounce all the sounds of their native language. Without correct speech, it is impossible to express your thoughts, write dictations, or compose retellings. Usually, by school, a child should have well-developed speech. However, some preschoolers never learn to speak clearly and distort some sounds, so it becomes necessary to consult a speech therapist. Experts note that recently new types of dyslalia (sound pronunciation disorders) have appeared, which were almost never encountered before. These include incorrect pronunciation of the sounds T, D. Will parents be able to work on correcting sound pronunciation at home if such a speech disorder is discovered in a child? In order to properly organize classes at home, you need to understand what the production of the t sound is in connection with the production of the d sound.

Important: Correct pronunciation develops mainly by the age of five, so you should seek special help after 5 years. However, from an early age it is necessary to carefully monitor the child’s speech, not to be touched by the distortion of words, but, if possible, to correct the child’s speech errors.

Features of pronunciation of sounds T D

What typical mistakes do children make when pronouncing them? Systematically occurring speech disorders include:

Replacing the sounds of the front lingual “T - D” with the corresponding back lingual “k - g”, for example, “k( T)baby", "ing( d)yuk".
Mixing of front-lingual consonants “T - D” with back-lingual “k - g”: cell - cell; glass - rolled.
The sound “T” can be softened by “P” or “K”, for example: pichka - bird; drink, drink instead of dot.
Persistent mixing T H(y T it - teaches, girl t(h)ka), T C(Pe ts I am Petya, color ts et - blooms).

In children with speech errors, one can observe the following construction of sentences: “Mom, where (where) are my tanfettes (sweets)?”, “There are sweets on the tartine (picture). Others immediately notice such violations, and parents may also notice incorrect articulation of sound. T: Instead of leaving the tip of the tongue down, resting on the front teeth, the baby raises it to the roof of the mouth.

Very often the reasons for incorrect pronunciation are:

Disturbances in articulation (function of the speech organs).
Low mobility of the lower jaw.
Underdevelopment of auditory perception (the baby cannot distinguish sounds).
A bad example for adults when someone around them pronounces incorrectly T D.

In any case, the diagnosis is made by a speech therapist, and parents are engaged in making sounds at home in accordance with his recommendations. Articulation gymnastics is very helpful in work, which should become a constant companion not only in classes, but also in everyday life.

Important: correction of the pronunciation of sounds N T D, as a rule, is carried out after simple sounds are clearly defined in the preschooler’s speech: vowels (a, u, o, i, e, s) and consonants (b b, p p, mm, vv, ff).

To examine the pronunciation of sounds T D You can offer your child a small test in the form of several exercises:

Following the adult, pronounce sentences in which these sounds occur, for example: Dusya gives melon to Dasha. Aunt Tanya has notebooks on the table.
Look at pictures that show objects with sounds. T D, for example: slippers, calf, tiger, axe, TV, cart, cake; melon, house, door, tree, girl, children.
Among the pictures laid out on the table, find the one that the adult names: dot - daughter, cloud - dacha, duck - pipe, pond - twig, house - volume.

Work is required for that child whose speech cannot be traced T D or are replaced by other sounds, there is no differentiation (distinguishing sounds that are similar in sound).

Techniques for producing sounds T D

The classic techniques of speech therapy work are the preparatory stage and sound production, which can also be actively used in home exercises. If you choose the right exercises, it will not be difficult for parents to cope with their child’s speech disorders.

Important: before teaching your child the correct articulation of sound T (D), an adult must himself practice the position of the lips and tongue in front of the mirror: the lips take the position of the vowel that follows T(ta - ta - ta); the tongue is fixed in the upper teeth; the palate is raised. In addition, articulatory gymnastics must also be previously rehearsed by an adult.

Preparatory stage

Speech therapists insist that if the baby’s tongue is not strong enough to make sounds, it is necessary to first strengthen the muscles of the tongue and lips. Therefore, the preparatory stage necessarily includes articulation gymnastics. Speech therapy massage exercises will help prepare the speech apparatus for it::

An adult, using a mirror, teaches a preschooler to take the correct position of the lips and tongue, showing the differences in pronunciation, for example, T(tip of tongue) and TO(tongue tail): “The cake is being eaten,” “Drops are dripping.”
Sound production T requires a sharp and strong exhalation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the ability to exhale correctly. You can use the following exercises: “Soap bubbles”, “Balloon”, “Flying snowflakes (from a napkin or cotton balls)”.
Then follows articulation gymnastics:

“Wide smile” - connect your teeth, stretch your lips wide and hold this position for up to 7 seconds.
“Tick-tock clock” - the tongue quickly moves left and right along the upper lip.
“The tongue does not obey” - say five-five-five, tapping your upper lip on your tongue, gradually differentiating (distinguishing) the sounds P T.
“Tongue - spatula” - relax the tongue, making it wide, place it on the relaxed lower lip.

Important: We must try to make it interesting for the child to complete rather monotonous preparatory tasks. To do this, it is necessary to introduce new articulatory gymnastics exercises, which can be borrowed from speech therapy practice, at each home lesson.

Staging sounds

How to install sound at home? Experts offer several ways to set sound; a parent can try all of them and choose the one that is more accessible and understandable to the baby.

Staging T by imitation: an adult invites a preschooler to repeat first the syllables, and then the words; it is advisable to start with the syllable “ta”. For example: ta-ta-ta, ta-you-to-tu, you-you-you, you-ta-to-tu, to-to-to, to-to-ta-you. Then the transition to words - pure words: ta-ta-ta, ta-ta-ta, such beauty; you-you-you, you-you-you, gave us flowers; tu-tu-tu, tu-tu-tu, we clean up; so-and-so, so-and-so, I put on my coat. A creative approach to speech activities will allow parents to independently compose similar phrases in sound, involving children in creativity.
Interdental method: an adult shows the child the position of the tongue (the tongue is pressed between the lips, in this position you need to exhale strongly until you hear a sound, then place the tongue behind the teeth). You can teach how to control your exhalation by playing a “fence” for air by placing your palm in front of your mouth. Or arrange a game of “ball” (a cotton ball is driven into an improvised goal with a stream of air).
Speech therapists use the method of staging T from sound P. The child repeats pa-pa-pa, placing the wide tip of the tongue on the lower lip, then, smiling broadly, says P, it turns out T.
When setting D Identical work is carried out, only when exhaling the voice is added.

Automation of sounds T D

When the sounds T D will be delivered (correct articulation has appeared), and the child will learn to pronounce them, the next stage begins - automation (practice of the skill). It is important to achieve fluent pronunciation here. Since this is new for a preschooler, it means a lot of training is required. Speech therapists recommend introducing the practiced skill gradually: first through syllables, then words, then sentences. Articulation exercises, games based on poetry, stories, riddles will help well in this work, which will also maintain interest in the classes. At the same time, do not forget that every home lesson must begin with articulatory gymnastics.

Important: parents need to make every effort to prevent incorrect pronunciation of sounds T D disappeared from the child’s speech as quickly as possible. It should be taken into account that new material is introduced only after the previous one has been mastered.

What can an adult do to keep the child interested in activities and at the same time repeat monotonous actions over and over again? Gaming techniques will help, with the help of which syllables are practiced, for example: ta-ta-ta, yes-da-da, to-to, do-do-do, ta-you-to-tu, at-at-at, yes-dy-du, yt-yt-yt, ud-ud-ud. Plots can be very diverse:

Let's teach the doll to brush its teeth, show it what articulation gymnastics is: “let's brush the teeth” (various movements of the tongue on the teeth from the outside and inside, up and down, left and right).
Let's sing a song to the toys: “tra-ta-ta, tra-ta-ta, we are taking a cat with us”;
Play the drum for the bear: tram-ta-ta-tam; on a dog pipe: doo-doo-doo.
I start speaking, and you finish (the adult pronounces part of the word, which must end with a syllable with the sounds T D): flowers, beauty, candy, mast, coat, bouquet; bicycles, sneakers, beards.
Hello, little finger! (the thumb is put forward, and each finger in turn “greets it” with the syllables: ta, to, tu, you; yes, do, du, dy).

After the preschooler has automated sounds, the work becomes more complicated, the pronunciation of sounds is fixed in words.

Exercise “Collecting beads”

An effective audio automation exercise T with older preschool children. An adult invites the preschooler to collect unusual beads, having previously agreed which syllable should follow which. For example, there may be such a sequence: that - that - you - that - that - that. Work with the sound d is carried out in a similar way. At first, you can rely on visual aids (colored beads, circles of colored paper, pencils). Subsequently, the visualization is removed, and the child acts from memory.

Exercise “Come up with words with the sounds T D”

Invite the child to repeat words with sounds after the adult T D at the beginning, middle, end of a word. For example, an adult starts with a more understandable syllable that: that kidneys, that chka, that reel; the baby continues: that NK, that buret, that netz, that xi. Then moves to another position T D:ko T ik, ne T ear, ka T ok fox T OK; lard T, playing T, collect T, bark T, help T. Or du daughter, Yes th, de no, by Yes rki, sol Yes t (vocal emphasis on the highlighted one). If at first it is difficult for a preschooler to continue his vocabulary, you can work with pictures. The same goes for working with syllables. you are: You kwa, yes rka, You, yes m; then up to: That since then That RT, That flatter, before sir, That chka, before chka; that doo: that chka, that loop, ra du ha, du ha. It is better to prepare the vocabulary in advance. An even more interesting automation exercise will take place with a ball. The adult throws the ball to the child with his word, the child responds with his own.

Exercise “Sound t and sound d in a sentence”

Similar work is done with sentences; the preschooler repeats after the adult, emphasizing in his voice T D:

Tanya and Tom are traveling on a tram.
Trofim is riding in a taxi.
The plane is flying.
Aunt Tonya is planting flowers.
Dima and Tolya are skating on the skating rink.
Dasha and Denis shared the melon.
Children go to kindergarten.

In order for a preschooler to be able to independently compose a sentence, plot pictures are used. It is necessary to ensure that all words of the sentence have a sound that is automated ( T D).

Nursery rhymes, pure sayings for automating sounds etc.

To make it easy for parents to choose an artistic series for practicing the sounds of T D, you can use speech therapy selections or come up with pure sounding phrases together with your children. For example, the parent starts with syllables, and the child then rhymes the sentence:

Ta - ta - ta, ta - ta - ta, (they saw ki in the sea that).
Tu - tu - tu, tu - tu - tu, (let's pour milk into that).
Yes - yes - yes, yes - yes - yes, (splashed all over Yes).
Dy-dy-dy, dy-dy-dy, (there’s no water in the glass yes).
Yes - yes - yes, yes - yes - yes, (don’t go that Yes).
Doo-doo-doo, doo-doo-doo, (sing there anyway du).

A lot of nursery rhymes can be found on children's websites or in children's books. Their main task is sound automation T (D), its correct pronunciation, for example:

Shadow, Shadow, Shadow, above the city there is a fence.
The animals sat on the fence and boasted all day long.
The fox boasted: I am beautiful to the whole world!
The bunny boasted: Go, catch up!

Pull the canvases,
CanvasYou are simple.
Pull, Pull, Pull,
Shift it across, across.

We know, we know: Yes-Yes-Yes!
Water is hiding in the tap!
Come out, water!
We came to wash up!

LaDushki, LaDushki,
Let's bake pancakes.
We'll put it on the window.
Let's leave it to cool.
Let's wait a little
Yes Dim pancakes to everyone.

Differentiation of sounds D T

An important stage in speech therapy work is the differentiation of sounds (distinguishing similar sounds, T D, D D, T T). This stage is carried out in parallel with automation and is necessary in order to compare sounds (soft and hard) and practice pronunciation. You can teach a preschooler new special techniques for distinguishing sounds: a hand is applied to the throat during the sound, the sound is determined ( D- sonorous, vocal; T- deaf, without a voice). For differentiation, you can use already known techniques: syllables, words, sentences in exercises, games, sayings, nursery rhymes.

Differentiation of sounds T ТТ in the exercise “Compare sounds in guesses”

An adult asks the child to guess riddles, and then asks if they sound the same T in all the answers? The main thing is to make it possible to understand the difference in the pronunciation of sounds T(solid) TH(soft).

Round, not a month, yellow, not butter,
Sweet, not sugar, with a tail, not a mouse ( You kwa).

He bows, he bows, he will come home and stretch out ( That por).

A block froze above the water,
She dreams of fish for lunch.
I have fins but I’m too lazy to swim,
The fish will be eaten by someone else ( bye laziness).

Exercise “Correct phrasing”

The goal is to teach how to pronounce and distinguish correctly and clearly D Y.

Grandfather Dodon played the pipe,
Danka's grandfather hurt him.

A woodpecker is hammering a tree,
Day after day crushes the bark.

Game "Come up with a proposal"

To establish and consolidate pronunciation T D Adults can teach children to come up with beautiful sentences using verbal helpers. Then determine which words have hard T D and which have soft Т Дь:

Denis - telephone (Denis was given a telephone);
Home is a cat (Our cat doesn’t walk, he’s at home);
Tanya - melon (Tanya loves melon);
Tyoma - pipe (Tyoma learns to play the pipe);
Dusya - pictures (Dusya loves to look at pictures);

Important: Parents should understand that home lessons on correct pronunciation consist of developing the skill of pronouncing the sounds of their native language. This process is long, systematic, and requires patience and persistent training in automation and sound differentiation. A thoughtful selection of articulatory gymnastics, exercises, games, and verbal material will help to achieve good results in the development of competent, beautiful speech in preschool children.

Setting the sounds P, T, M, V

It has been noticed that the sounds P, T, M, V appear first in children’s speech.

Light in articulation and distant from each other acoustically.

In deaf children, these sounds are evoked using phonetic rhythmic movements. But the evoked sounds are not always pronounced by the child accurately and correctly, because the child is deaf. Next we move on to the stage of sound production.

When producing a sound, all analyzers must work simultaneously (visual - the child sees the position of the organs of the articulatory apparatus), auditory (hears the sound), motor (feels the movement of the lips, tongue), tactile (feels the air stream and vibration of the vocal cords)

Sound P

The sound P is a consonant, oral, plosive, labial-labial at the place of formation, deaf, hard.

At the first moment, the lips close, the air in the pharynx and mouth is compressed. Then the labial stop explodes and the air is pushed out.

When working on the sound P, you should give the child the opportunity to see the position of the lips. Children can feel the push of air, the absence of a voice when pronouncing the sound P with the help of residual hearing or by touching the larynx with their hand.

The stage of sound production is preceded by the stage of articulatory gymnastics. The formation of movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus is carried out through articulatory gymnastics, which includes exercises for training the mobility and switchability of organs, practicing certain positions of the lips and tongue, necessary both for the correct pronunciation of all sounds, and for each sound of a particular group. Exercises should be targeted: it is not their quantity that is important, but the correct selection and quality of execution.

Each exercise is given names according to the action performed.

The lips take part in the formation of the sound P, the tongue is passive and its position depends on the next sound. This means we will perform articulation exercises for the lips. Exercise “frog”, “trunk”. The picture serves as a model for imitation of an object or its movements when performing articulatory gymnastics exercises. When pronouncing the sound p, a directed air stream is required, so we perform breathing exercises (for example, blowing cotton wool from the palm of your hand).

We put the sound P by imitation. The child sees the position of the lips, feels the jerky air stream and the absence of vibration of the larynx.

To automate the evoked sound, we use a symbol picture (locomotive). When the child learns to pronounce a sound well in isolation, we automate it in forward and backward syllables, words, phrases.

T sound

Consonant, oral, plosive, place of formation anterior lingual, voiceless, hard.

The lips are open and take position from the next sound. The tongue at the first moment forms a bow with its front edge with the upper incisors, and the lateral edges are adjacent to the upper molars. The next moment the bow explodes. The soft palate is raised and closes the passage to the nose. When pronouncing the sound T, you can see the position of the lips (slightly open), the edges of the incisors and the work of the tongue, and feel the push of air.

Articulation gymnastics is aimed at developing the correct position of the tongue: “Delicious jam”, “brush your teeth”. For automation, we use a picture symbol (“the wheels of the cars are knocking t-t-t)

Sound M

Consonant, nasal according to the place of formation, labial-labial, according to the method of formation, stop, hard.

At the first moment of pronouncing the sound M, the lips close, but without an explosion (unlike P). The position of the tongue depends on the following: The soft palate is lowered, exhaled air passes into the nose. The vocal folds are closed and vibrate. You can see the work of the lips, feel the vibrations of the larynx, cheeks, nose.

The main disadvantages of pronunciation: a) the sound M is pronounced in a high voice (put the echo A, control the vibration of the chest); b) the sound M is pronounced as B or mb (The soft palate is lowered or rises at the last moment). It is necessary to monitor the vibration of the cheeks, starting from a drawn-out M____. To automate the isolated sound M, a picture-symbol is used (the bull moos mmmm)

Articulatory gymnastics for the development of mobility of the soft palate (The game “the wind tears off the leaves” - cough with an open mouth on a leaf suspended on strings)

Sound B

Consonant, voiced, fricative according to the method of formation, labial-dental according to the place of formation.

The upper lip is slightly raised, the upper incisors are visible. The lower lip touches the upper lips, leaving a flat gap in the middle. The tongue is in a position depending on the next sound. The soft palate is raised and closes the passage. The vocal folds are closed and vibrate. The position of the lips is clearly visible. You can feel the vibration of the larynx. And raising his hand to his mouth, a stream of exhaled air directed obliquely upward.

Articulation gymnastics (biting the upper and lower lips)

Pronunciation disadvantages:

A) sound B sounds nasal: Vava is like a mother (the reason is the soft palate is lowered, air passes into the nose). It is worth starting from the sound F, paying attention to the strong air stream, then switching to B;

B) c sounds like B or P, the reason is that the gap between the lip and incisors is replaced by a bow;

B) Sounds like F;

It is necessary to achieve the correct reproduction of sound B based on its drawn-out pronunciation and relying on double control (exhaled air and the presence of voice.

To automate the isolated sound B, a picture-symbol “The plane is buzzing” is used. B-B-B

Subject: Production of sounds T - D when replaced with back-lingual K G

Speech therapist teacher: Yalovaya E.A.

MAOU "Career Planning" Tomsk

Our speech consists of sounds. A child must learn to correctly pronounce the sounds of his native language before school. In preschool age, the child’s pronunciation of sounds is observed incorrectly. This is a completely natural phenomenon. Three- to four-year-old children are characterized by a general immaturity of language. If you are not attentive to the child’s sound pronunciation, then such substitutions and distortions of sounds can remain for a long time.

For successful learning, a child needs intelligible and clear sound pronunciation. However, a large number of first-graders come to school with impaired or distorted pronunciation of sounds.

Experts note that recently a new type of dyslalia has appeared - incorrect pronunciation of sounds T - D. These anterior lingual sounds appear in ontogenesis at the age of 3 - 4 years.

When pronouncing these sounds, children maketypical mistakes :

Replacing the sounds of the front lingual “T – D” with the corresponding back lingual “K – G”, for example, “fuk(T )bolka", "shk(t)any".

Mixing the front-lingual consonants “T – D” with the back-lingual “K – G”: cell - cell; glass - rolled.

The sound “T” can be softened by “P” or “K”, for example: pichka - bird; drink, drink instead of dot.

Reasons for incorrect sound pronunciation :

Insufficient development of the articulatory apparatus.

Violation of muscle tone of articulatory muscles.

Underdevelopment of auditory perception (difficulty in differentiating sounds).

Articulation pattern of the T sound .

The sound T is front-lingual, consonant, hard, deaf.
The sound D is anterior lingual, consonant, hard, voiced.

The lips in a neutral position take the position of the next vowel sound,

The distance between the teeth is 5 mm.

When pronouncing the vowel sounds A, O, U, Y, the tip of the tongue rests on the upper teeth or alveoli and forms a stop.

Features of sound production T - D

The classic techniques of speech therapy work are the preparatory stage and sound production.

1.Preparatory stage

Articulation gymnastics.

Speech therapy massage will help prepare the speech apparatus for it.

“Wide smile” – connect your teeth, stretch your lips wide and hold this position for up to 7 seconds

“Naughty Tongue” - say five-five-five, tapping your upper lip on your tongue, gradually differentiating (distinguishing) the sounds P-T.

“Pancake” – relax the tongue, making it wide, and place it on the relaxed lower lip.

“Rock” - raise the tongue only to the upper lip. We increase the lift of the tongue.

“Grandfather’s mustache” - hold the cotton swab with your tongue on (above) your upper lip.

“Sail” - the narrow tongue rests on the upper teeth - mast, raise the sail - the tongue is wide. Alternation of narrow and wide language.

Exercise to form correct directed exhalation

Blow out the candle - the child must purse his lips into a tube and sharply blow on the candle flame and extinguish it.

Let's kick the ball into the goal. The child makes a gate out of cube bricks, places them in front of him, rolls a ball out of cotton wool and, smiling, blows hard on the ball, trying to get into the gate.

“Snowflake” - the cotton wool is placed over the upper lip, the tongue covers the upper lip - inhale and exhale on the cotton wool.

Breathing exercise "Snowflake". Exercises for the tongue “Grandfather’s mustache”, “Rock”, “Sail” are quite effective in cases where the child has increased muscle tone of the tongue, and he cannot hold it near the teeth when exhaling.

2. Setting the sound T.

Demonstration of correct lip and tongue position by showing

differences in pronunciation, e.g.T (tip of tongue) andTO (tongue tail): “The cake is being eaten,” “Drops are dripping.”

Imitation setting: an adult shows the position of the tongue and suggests repeating first the syllables and then the words.

Interdental. The speech therapist asks the child to smile, bite the tip of his tongue with his teeth, and forcefully, sharply push the air forward. In this case, you can control the exhalation with your hand or blow on a cotton ball.

StagingT from soundP . The child repeats pa-pa-pa, placing the wide tip of the tongue on the lower lip, then, smiling broadly, saysP , it turns outT .

Staging fromC . I propose this technique from the opposite: the sound T “hides” two sounds behind itself -s-t .

“The cat catches the mouse” - we invite the child to imitate the movement of the cat’s claws with his fingers, straining his fingers and saying: tsap, tsap, tsap.

Then we shorten the syllable - tsa, tsa, tsa.

And here we are near the mink - we say Ts, Ts, Ts more and more quietly. Here you need to ask the child to only hit the teeth with the tongue - the T sound, do not pronounce the C sound.

When settingD Identical work is carried out, only when exhaling the voice is added.

Automation of sounds T D

The sound is on. The beginning of a new stage: automation. All work on automation and differentiation of the studied sound consists of developing the skills of recognition and correct pronunciation of sound in syllables, words and sentences. It is important to achieve free pronunciation, while not forgetting about articulatory gymnastics.

The correct selection of articulatory and breathing exercises, exercises, and verbal material will help to obtain good results in the development of competent, beautiful speech in a child.

This is a long, labor-intensive process that requires patience and hard training. With systematic and regular work on the sounds T and D, it is possible to achieve positive results, i.e. create sounds, automate them and introduce them into the child’s speech.

The formation of sounds ends by the age of 5. If after 5 years the baby does not make any sounds, consult a speech therapist for advice. To make the right sounds for your child, do gymnastics regularly even if you do not see any problems with speech. In order to conduct classes profitably, it is important to teach yourself how to perform all the exercises correctly.

We can highlight common mistakes made in the pronunciation of the T sound:

replacing the sound T (it is front-lingual) with G and K (they are called back-lingual);
mixing or rearranging consonants located next to the sound T (“rolled” instead of “glass”);
after P or K, the T sound is lost and replaced with a softening (“piichka” instead of “birdie”);
replacing the sounds Ch and C with T (“nine” instead of “girl”, “Petsya” instead of “Petya”).

Children who replace the T sound with some other sound often have incorrect articulation. The child raises his tongue to the palate, while the tip of the tongue should rest against the front teeth.

The reasons for incorrect pronunciation are as follows:

malfunctions of the articulatory apparatus (speech organs);
the lower jaw is weakly developed, which is why it is inactive during speech;
the hearing organs are poorly developed, which is why the child cannot distinguish sounds by ear;
imitating an adult who has problems with correct pronunciation.

Only a speech therapist can make a diagnosis. And parents, in turn, can practice at home the exercises recommended by a professional.

Articulatory gymnastics for the sound t

It is necessary to do articulation exercises daily. Get used to the fact that in any free time you and your baby develop the speech apparatus.
"Mountain Wind" Place your tongue in the position described in the previous exercise and blow as hard as possible. In this case, the entire speech apparatus should be tense.

Setting the sound t when replacing with k
First you need to teach your baby to distinguish between these two sounds. To do this, you can give pictures, the images in which begin with the sounds T or K, and also pronounce such words out loud. Ask the child to distribute into groups (K and T).
Game “Catch the Sound”. The adult pronounces a small series of letter combinations, and the child must clap his hands when he hears the given sound.

We are looking for the sound K. Dar-ra-ko-so. Sa-lo-ku-we. Am-da-ka-he ku-ro-lo-ky
We are looking for the sound T. Ba-ta-do. Na-la-to. Ash-bo-ot. Ju-fu-fu.

Setting the t sound for dysarthria
At the very beginning, you need to pay attention to warming up the tongue and removing tone, as well as general gymnastics for the speech apparatus. For this purpose, the speech therapy exercises listed above are used.
Raise and lower your tongue, turn right and left. In this case, the tongue is extended as much as possible.
Then the adult invites the child to tap his tongue on the upper palate (the sound should be T).
To obtain a soft consonant, the tongue is pressed harder against the palate and moves out more between the teeth. At the same time, the passage for air is reduced.
To practice the T sound, it is pronounced between two vowels (at least 10 repetitions).
The baby must cluck at least 20 times. After this, the task becomes more complicated: you need to click while exhaling, not while inhaling.
The child is asked to place his palm on his larynx. After this, pronounce the sounds T and D. Focus on the difference in vibrations during the pronunciation of the sounds T and D.

Conclusion
Never put pressure on your child or demand quick results from him.. Staging sounds is a long process. The most important thing is that activities should bring pleasure to the child. Otherwise, the child will shut down and completely refuse to work on correcting his speech. It is also necessary to carefully monitor the correct execution of the technique.

On average, the formation of pronunciation is completed by the age of five; if at this age there are still problems, you should consult a speech therapist. This does not mean that speech can not be monitored until the age of five. It is important to control and train pronunciation without being touched by children's distortion of words. To teach a child to pronounce the sounds T and Т (if he cannot do this), special gymnastics should be carried out regularly. Before starting classes, it is important to be able to explain and show how to do articulatory gymnastics with the sound T using your own example. It is better to increase the number of repetitions gradually.

Training articulation

Articulation of the sound T. In the starting position, the lips should be slightly open, the gap between the rows of teeth should be 5 mm. The tip of the tongue is pressed against the upper alveoli (the recesses in the jaws where the tooth roots are located), closing with them, while the vowels A, O, U, Y are pronounced. When performing the exercise, the soft palate rises, the laryngeal folds open, and the air flow has a jerky character.

Articulatory gymnastics for producing the sound TH. The exercise is performed silently; there should be no vibration or shaking of the ligaments. Use the tip of your tongue to touch the bottom row of teeth. Its upper part in this position should be convex, leaning in front against the tubercles behind the upper row of teeth. When exhaling, the air flow should lift the tongue away from the tubercles.

Gymnastics for setting the sound T

Setting the T sound

There are several methods:

You need to choose several words or syllables with a combination of TA sounds, repeating them, the child trains the production of T.
Starting position - the tongue is between the teeth and pressed tightly by the jaws on both sides. Then take a deep breath. After obtaining the interdental T, he retracts back.
The starting position is the tongue between the teeth. Next, open your teeth slightly in a smile and “spit” slightly.
T is trained as a derivative sound from P. Start with several repetitions of PA - PA, placing the tip of the tongue in its widest place against the lower lip. Then you need to repeat the original sounds in a smile, and TA - TA should sound.
Interdental position of the tip, again training from P. You need to repeat PA - PA several times, at this time you need to separate your lips with your thumb and forefinger. If everything is done correctly, it should sound TA - TA.

Setting the sound TH

First, the child pronounces a slightly different combination of sounds - TA.
To soften a hard syllable, you need to lightly press and lower the tip of your tongue with a special spatula, you should get the sound TY.
The sound Т is produced by clicking the tip of the tongue behind closed teeth.
During the click, a soft clicking sound is produced (children make a similar sound after tasting delicious food), the sound should be close to T. With practice, it can be improved if you do not press the tongue against the palate, but try to “blow” it out.

Game exercises

Playful exercises will help maintain interest:

“Brushing our teeth.” When a child smiles, he slightly opens his teeth, opens his mouth slightly, and with the tip of his tongue passes first over the upper teeth, then over the lower teeth from the back, moving left and right.
"Spatula". You need to smile, open your mouth slightly, and place the wide part of the front edge of your tongue on your lower lip. This position is maintained while the adult counts from 1 to 10. You can start with 5 seconds, then gradually increase the time to 10 seconds.
"Tube". First, you need to stick your tongue out of your open mouth and stretch it out as much as possible. Then, narrowing it, tighten it. The position is maintained for about 10 seconds.
"Let's swing on the swing." When you smile, you need to open your mouth slightly and lean the tip of your tongue (in its widest part) against the lower dentition. At first it is located behind the lower teeth, then moves behind the upper teeth. The up and down positions change several times.
"Slide". Again, the starting position is the mouth slightly open in a smile, the tip of the tongue leaning against the bottom row of teeth. Then it bends in an arc, tightly touching the lower teeth.
"Mountain Wind" The child smiles with his mouth slightly open. While the tongue is arched, slowly, you need to smoothly blow into its center. The air flow should be cold.

There is no need to rush and put pressure on the child, you need to practice every day and the result will definitely come, for some children earlier, for others later. Patience, and more patience! The main thing is to carefully monitor the technique of performing articulation gymnastics, listen to the individual needs and characteristics of the child.