"Albany language". Research experience

The method of writing in a given position is chosen to be the one that does not correspond to the spelling norm - use A instead of unstressed O and vice versa, interchange of unstressed And, e And I, cc or ts instead of ts, ts, ds, Also wow And shi, why And now instead of live And shi, cha And now, sch instead of sch and vice versa, yea, yo, yu instead of initial ones I, e, Yu, interchange of voiceless and voiced at the end of a word or before voiceless ( crosafcheg), and instead of f can be used in this position ff(modeled on the old Western European transmission of surnames like Smirnoff). It is also common to merge words together without a space ( LOL). In other words, this is an “anti-norm” based on a consistent (or close to it) rejection of the existing normative choice of spellings (that is, in order to write in the jargon of bastards, you actually need to master the existing norm). In addition, means that violate the graphic principles of reading are used less frequently: the interchange of voiceless and voiced not only at the end of a word ( dafai), as well as hard and soft (for example, bear). The latter phenomena are lexicalized (associated with specific words).

Why? This is LiveJournal. American site, not Albanian. And I know that you speak two languages. Plus, being an American means the rest of the world has to adjust to me. But this is just my point of view.

In response, a flash mob called Albanian Lessons was organized in the Russian-language section of LiveJournal, which aimed to help an American learn Russian. In a couple of days scottishtiger received several thousand comments with “Albanian lessons” and just flood. The user was asked to apologize and write a post in his journal (in Russian) stating that he had already learned the Albanian language, that scottishtiger , in the end, he did. Perhaps only because, in addition to the magazine and mailbox, I received a huge number of SMS messages and calls on my mobile phone.

First Albanian lessons:

First lesson. About the letter X. X. This is an important Albanian letter of the Russian alphabet. The fucking Albanian national word “dick” begins with it. The word is popular among the people and is often used. ...
A is the most important letter Alphabet. The name of a country no less fucked up than Albania begins with it - namely America.

After some time, it reduced its activity (including turning off comments) due to incessant uncontrolled flooding, and then ceased to exist altogether (the decision to delete its blog had nothing to do with the “Learn Albanian” campaign). Currently blog scottishtiger restored by the old owner, although started from scratch (that is, all old records were deleted). Initially, the expression “learn Albanian” had nothing to do with the so-called “bastards”; it was borrowed later.

Albanian on Madonna's blog

Madonna was also urged to learn “Albanian” after she, using a translation program, greeted her Russian fans, calling them “fans” (English. fan- fan/fan/hairdryer, fan/fan):

For my Russian fans. I want to personally welcome you to my blog. I love you guys! You are the best! Don't forget to buy my new album Confessions on the Dance Field. Express it. Don't suppress. I noticed your presence here. I will remember your kindness.

Later they helped her correct the translation.

Historical coincidences

Poet and futurist artist Ilyazd in 1916, long before the advent of the “language of bastards,” he wrote an entire play in the spelling-incorrect Russian language mixed with abstruse language, called “Izyk Albanskay.”
In 1997, Alexander Prokhanov published an article in his newspaper “Zavtra”: “Russian, learn Albanian! »

Story

The style, based on deliberately incorrect spelling, spread spontaneously on the Internet as a grotesque reaction to numerous spelling errors in Internet publications and remarks. It is believed that the appearance of padonkaff jargon on the Internet was due to the activities of Dmitry Sokolovsky, the administrator of the site udaff.com, better known as “Boa Constrictor.” In 2000, he began writing for a site with the self-explanatory names fuck.ru and fuckru.net, and then opened the site udaff.com, where he publishes his own and other people’s texts, in which sex, food and feces prevail, and swear words are widely used . According to Sokolovsky himself, the first to distort words on the site fuck.ru was the author, who spoke under the nickname Linxy. Then for a long time he supported the well-known countercultural website down-culture.ru, which currently does not exist. In honor of Linksy, this language was originally called L-language.

They began to call it “Albanian” after an Internet flash mob provoked by an American user of LiveJournal, who had the imprudence to ask a Russian-speaking LiveJournal user “what kind of language is this” in which he writes on the pages of his online diary, and then demand that he he kept notes in English on the grounds that LiveJournal is supposedly an “American site.” This post in the community quickly received a huge number of comments, most of which were openly sarcastic (including the famous answer to an American’s question about the language of the mentioned diary - “Albanian”). Russian LiveJournal users, as part of the flash mob, also began to leave many similar comments on the posts of the American author, and ultimately he was forced to temporarily delete his magazine.

The predecessor of the Padonki language is the language of the Kaschenites, a special group of people who lived in the Fidonet echo conference SU.KASCHENKO.LOCAL. It was the Kaschenites who first came up with the idea of writing deliberately incorrectly. At different times, the language of the Kaschenites changed, and an already established version of the language ended up on the Internet, already under the name “language of the bastards”. The language practically did not develop on the Internet, but it gave rise to many stable expressions.

A follower of the language of bastards can be considered the language of Upyachka, although this “language” is too specific: basically it is a mixture of several individual words that for the most part do not carry a semantic load, for example: “Zhep ebrilo”, “Chocho”, “Adinadinadin” and etc.

Spreading

The style became widespread on the Internet, and the deliberate obscenity and cynicism of the style receded, causing the areas of use to expand significantly. The language of bastards became widespread with the advent of blogs on the Internet, in which “bastards” left their “comments” (comments). Jargon had a strong influence on the development of the language cliches of LiveJournal, which gave rise to a number of common “comments”, such as “pervyynakh” (first comment), “afftar zhzhot”, “kill apsten”, “drink yada”, “zachot”, “hellish soton” ", etc. In accordance with the described norms, English words from the general Internet vocabulary, elements of slang and original expressions were also included in the jargon.

Currently, the jargon of “bastards” is gradually moving from virtual life to real life. More and more often it can be found in advertising and on store windows (not to mention graffiti). And even in the headlines of analytical articles, for example: Among supporters of purity of speech, slang is extremely unpopular and is subject to obstruction.

In popular culture

References to the slang of bastards in literature, music, and cinema are not uncommon.

The parody group “The Nepodarki” performs songs in the slang of bastards.

In the song “Grandma Asked” by the group “Lilies of the Valley” there are the lines:

About this unique phenomenon
I told Gordon in my spare time
Gordon answered me on a fashionable hairdryer:
“Burn, bitch!”

In Victor Pelevin's work Helm of Horror, the character S"liff_zoSSchitan spoke the Padonkaf language.

Possible prototypes

Transfer from e To yo and from I To yea represents a process that is partly the reverse of the historical process of the emergence of these letters: the letter “e” was introduced in 1783 as a replacement for “io”, and “ya” (or rather, its predecessors yus small and aiotated) appeared as the ligatures εν and ıa, respectively . However, the phonetic meaning of the small yus when it appeared was different (e is nasal, not ja), and in addition, iotated vowels and io were also used after consonants (where they meant one sound), which is not always typical for the padonki language.

Phonetically correct, but spelling incorrect writing (the so-called “illiterate letter”) has existed since the phonetic changes of the 14th-15th centuries. (the appearance of akanya, hardening of hissing words, deafening of final words, simplification of combinations), which made possible graphically correct entries that do not correspond to the etymological spelling accepted in book writing (no matter how wide its norms were in different periods before the stabilization of Russian spelling in the middle of the 19th century). In everyday writing (letters, private letters, graffiti), especially among people not associated with the church or literature (even high-ranking ones), such graphics have always been in wide circulation; for example, Peter I wrote to his mother, Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna: And I, thank God, besides this I won’t force myself to do anything else and will go as far as I can; and Andursky<Гамбургские>there have never been any ships yet. Therefore, my joy, hello, and I live with your prayers. Unlike the language of bastards, such graphics are not deliberate in nature, but are usually associated with incomplete mastery of the book’s spelling norm; accordingly, the task of consistently repelling from it is not set (thus, at the end of a word in “illiterate writing” it will be written much more often - To, how - G, in accordance with the real pronunciation, and a special replacement for the spelling - To on - G will not be; it is possible only in cases of hypercorrection).

Sources

Links

SU.KASCHENKO.LOCAL - archive of the Fidonet echo conference on Google Groups
Madonna, learn Albanian (Russian)

Publications

Lera Jean. "PREVED" EFFECT.// Magazine “Ya”, No. 7 (31) March 27 - April 9, 2006. An article that fully reveals the history of the creation of the picture with “PREVED”. Interview with the authors.
Sergey Villanov “Full Prev” // “Computerra”, No. 11 (631), March 21, 2006.
Hasan Huseynov “Den of the Weblog.” Introduction to erratic semantics // “We speak Russian”, March 2005 - the first attempt to determine the cultural function of the “language of bastards” (which the author also inaccurately calls “goblins” and “boas”). For the first time, a term was proposed to define the word distortion typical of the “language of bastards” - errative. For the first time in paper printing, the topic of erratives is discussed in the article:

“Padonkaffsky” or “Albanian” yizyg- a style of using the Russian language that spread in Runet at the beginning of the 21st century with phonetically almost correct, but deliberately incorrect spelling of words (the so-called errative), frequent use of profanity and certain cliches characteristic of slangs. Most often used when writing comments on texts in blogs, chats and web forums. Slang has given rise to many stereotypical expressions and Internet memes, in particular, the “preved” meme is associated with it.

Characteristics

The main feature of the “padonkaf” style is the deliberate violation of the spelling norms of the Russian language (focused on etymology) while maintaining the graphic principles of reading and, in general, the same phonetic sequence. Of the homophonic writing methods in this position, the one that does not correspond to the spelling norm is selected - the use of a instead of unstressed o and vice versa, the interchange of unstressed i, e and ya, tsts or tsts, ts, ds, also zhy and shy, chya and shchya instead of zhi and shi, cha and shcha, shch instead of сч and vice versa, ya, yo, yu instead of initial i, ё, yu, interchange of voiceless and voiced at the end of a word or before voiceless ones (krosafcheg), and instead of f in this position ff can be used ( modeled on the old Western European transmission of surnames like Smirnoff).

Merging words together without a space (laughing) is also common. In other words, this is an “anti-norm” based on a consistent (or close to it) rejection of the existing normative choice of spellings (that is, in order to write in the jargon of bastards, you actually need to master the existing norm). In addition, means that violate the graphic principles of reading are used less frequently: the interchange of voiceless and voiced not only at the end of a word (dafai), but also hard and soft (for example, bear). The latter phenomena are lexicalized (associated with specific words).

In addition, the “padonkaf” language includes specific vocabulary - usually general literary words, which are assigned special meanings/uses (jargon in the proper sense of the word): such is the word padonok itself, as well as expressions like zhzhosh, afftar, drink yada, hellish, etc. .

Spreading

The style became widespread on the Internet, and the deliberate obscenity and cynicism of the style receded, causing the areas of use to expand significantly. The jargon of bastards became widespread with the advent of blogs on the Internet, in which “bastards” left their “comments” (comments). Jargon had a strong influence on the development of the language cliches of LiveJournal, which gave rise to a number of common “comments”, such as “pervyynakh” (first comment), “afftar zhzhod”, “kill apsten”, “drink yada”, “yazva” (something bad) , “zachod”, “hellish sotona”, etc. In accordance with the described norms, English words from the general Internet vocabulary, elements of slang and original expressions were also included in the jargon.

Interest in the study of youth slang arose as early as the slang itself.

The famous Dahl Dictionary provides even more data on this topic. It presents the following types of jargon: the language of the ofeni (wandering merchants-peddlers) as the language of a “professional group”, the bike language (the language of urban pickpockets) as a cross between the language of a professional group and thieves’ argot, and the language of declassed representatives of society, which is completely incomprehensible to the uninitiated ( thieves, beggars, etc.)

After the revolution, new works began to appear, mainly devoted to the “new proletarian language.” In 1918, the Institute of the Living Word was opened, dealing with the problems of social dialectology. Here we can name such works as the article by G. Vinogradov “Children’s thieves’ language (Argot)” (1926), the report by S. Ya Kaporsky “Thieves’ jargon among schoolchildren: Based on materials from a survey of Yaroslavl schools” (1927), the dictionary “From the vocabulary of Rostov street children and tramps" (1929).

But by the mid-30s, this topic was declared “unworthy of attention” and interest slowly subsided. The jargon of thieves and criminals was more or less described, but the research was carried out not by linguists, but by legal professionals, and often there was little practical value for “non-lawyers”

A significant part of spoken language is slang, or jargon, which plays a huge role in language learning. Youth slang is of greatest interest. The special form of communication of the younger generation has not lost and is not losing its relevance and attractiveness.

Young people as a social group of society have always tried to oppose themselves to the world of adults. In addition, the rivalry that always exists between individual youth groups most clearly reflects the nature of social development. Jargon, used in special forms of verbal communication characteristic of young people, becomes relevant for various reasons. In one case, slang is a sign of a protest reaction to social contradictions and life’s adversities; in another, it is a sign of potential aggressiveness, readiness for an open clash. Rivalry between representatives of different social groups is accompanied by competition in linguistic forms and communication styles. Therefore, group and intergroup communication between representatives of different social groups is the environment in which a new lifestyle and a new language are born.

The history of youth slang goes back not tens of years, and not even centuries, but millennia. The study of ancient Russian monuments leads us to the conclusion that even in those distant times, when the Russian language was just emerging, jargon already existed.

The explanatory dictionary of the Russian language gives the following definition: “jargon is the speech of some social or other group united by common interests, containing many words and expressions different from the common language, including artificial, sometimes conventional.”

Slang (jargon, argot) is a type of speech used primarily in oral communication of a separate, relatively stable social group that unites people based on profession, position in society, interests or age; part of colloquial vocabulary, reflecting a rudely familiar, sometimes humorous attitude towards the subject of speech. Having become commonly used, these words and phraseological units often retain an emotional and evaluative character. Elements of slang either quickly disappear from use or become part of the literary language, leading to the emergence of subtle stylistic and semantic differences.

Thus, we can highlight the main prerequisites for the emergence of youth slang:

The desire of a separate group, in this case, young people, to limit themselves, to distance themselves, to close themselves off from the world around them. With a special form of communication they express their protest not only against linguistic but also against social norms;

Aim to create a simple, free, informal, relaxed atmosphere of communication;

The desire to express yourself more original, more fashionable, more beautiful, funnier, more disgraceful;

Following the speech patterns of the native environment, the prevailing fashion, the desire to be like everyone else;

The desire to create something new, your own, personal;

The desire of young people to speak out, to produce the so-called emotional “release” during aggression or stressful situations;

Jargon, according to people who use it, is more economical and convenient than literary language. Slang, unlike the norm, is capable of expressing thoughts more clearly, more flexibly and more specifically.

Chapter II. "Padonkaf jargon" and the Albanian language

I would like to highlight the so-called “Bastard Jargon” - a style of using the Russian language that spread in Runet at the beginning of the 21st century with phonetically adequate, but deliberately incorrect spelling of words (errative), frequent use of obscenities and certain cliches characteristic of slangs. It is most often used when writing comments on texts in blogs, chat rooms and online forums.

The new century is only eight years old, but a special Russian language of the 21st century has already appeared. Moreover, for the first time, a language arose not spontaneously, but as a result of the purposeful activity of enthusiasts. And for the first time - first in written form - on the Internet, and from it new words and expressions began to be adopted by oral speech.

Until now, the Russian language has changed in any way - borrowing foreign words, generating new ones, through “barbarization” - but not with the help of the Internet. Now it’s time for a computer update of native speech. And the Network immediately gave us a whole dictionary, which has already hit the streets. The so-called “author’s” vocabulary appears on the streets in the form of outdoor advertisements, and expressions like “the author is, as they say, a joke” are often used by DJs of music radio stations. The harmless words “animal” or “Bobruisk” cause at least a smile among Internet regulars. And one of the recent cases of the appearance of “aftarisms” in the socio-political life of the country can be called significant. This was, perhaps, the first case when Internet slang so quickly left the virtual space and began to be used in real life, because the word “preved” itself and the history of its wild popularity are at most a month and a half old.

The word “preved” became widespread as a result of the appearance in the collective blog Dirty.Ru of the Russian edition of the film “Bear Surprise” by John Lurie in February 2006. The painting depicts a bear who caught tourists having sex in nature; the bear raised its front paws up and said: “Preved!” (original: "Surprise!"). The picture and the phrase gave rise to a surge of creative activity on the RuNet, which gave rise to new errative cliches (including secondary erratives) and styles of distortion

Secondary erratives are usually difficult-to-pronounce hypercorrections of the supposed primary errative. For example, “handsome” does not go back to the normative “handsome”, but to its supposed errative “handsome”.

Among the main new stamps are “Preved”, “Krosavcheg”, “Kagdila?”, “Uchasneg”. The bear depicted in the painting is called "Bear".

Typical changes made to speech to give a “Medvedov” sound include:

· “I” in an unstressed position turns into “E”, and the consonant at the end is voicing: privet - preveD.

· “A” in an unstressed position turns into “O”, and the suffix “CHIK” into the suffix “CHEG”: krasavchik - krosavcheg.

· Voiceless consonants at the end of a word and before other voiceless consonants in the middle of a word turn into voiced ones: Pushkin - PuZhken, participant - participation.

For a long time, “afftars” and “Bobruiski” were words whose meaning was understood only by “our own people.” The use of slang elements in a conversation increased the degree of trust in the interlocutor’s words. Now that advertisers and politicians are in the game, the power of the word will be used to gain youth support.

In many cases, the “padonkaf language” is unjustifiably equated with a more specific dialect that gave rise to vocabulary in the style "preved", the so-called Albanian language. The first arose and developed in an environment with a strong influence of taboo vocabulary and actually originated as an attempt to somewhat disguise invective when transmitting texts on sites that require somewhat greater compliance with literary norms (as a method of substituting letters)

The second type (“preved”), primarily involving decorative processing of phonetics, originated on entertainment sites (undoubtedly strongly influenced by the “Padonkaf” tradition, but, nevertheless, completely independent).

It should also be noted the strong influence on the development of language stamps LiveJournal, which gave rise to a number of widespread “comments” (such stamps are used very limitedly on Udaff.com, in fact reduced to “fdisyatka” and “niipet”, due to the fact that the literary tradition of Udaff.com, despite external freedom, makes a number of demands to the author of the posting).

Chapter III. History and development

The style of phonetically adequate, but deliberately incorrect spelling appeared on the Internet spontaneously, as a grotesque reaction to numerous spelling errors in Internet publications and remarks. It is believed that the appearance of bastard slang on the Internet was due to the activities of Dmitry Sokolovsky, the administrator of the site udaff.com, better known as “Boa Constrictor.” There is a common belief that he is an electrical engineer. However, in an interview he stated that he was an electrician only by training and had never worked as one. In 2000, he began writing for a website with the self-explanatory name fuck.ru, and then opened the website udaff.com, where he publishes his own and other people’s texts, in which the bodily bottom prevails, and the widespread use of obscenities is also striking. According to Sokolovsky himself, the first to distort words on the website fuck.ru was the author, who spoke under the pseudonym Linxy. Then for a long time he supported the well-known counter-cultural website down.ru, which currently does not exist. In honor of Linksy, this “language” was originally called the L-language, and was later renamed “Albanian”, as is now usually called “bastards”. Proponents of this style call themselves “bastards.” The style became widespread on the Internet, and the deliberate obscenity and cynicism of the style receded, causing the areas of use to expand significantly. The article by G. Guseinov (2000), who introduced the concept of errative, contains links to online publications by Dmitry Galkovsky, who already in the plays of the 1990s widely used the style that the authors of the sites udaff.com and fuck.ru subsequently strived for. The peculiarities of the style of "bastards" consist in a deliberate violation of the spelling norms of the Russian language in the direction of phonetic writing ("decorative transcriptions") - first of all, in the displacement of phonetically adequate forms towards spelling incorrect ones - the use of "a" instead of the unstressed "o" and vice versa, “i” instead of unstressed “e” and vice versa, “tsts” instead of “ts”, “ts”, “ds”, also “zhy” and “shy” instead of “zhi” and “shi”, “sch” instead of “sch " and vice versa, "ya" instead of the initial "ya", "f" or "ff" instead of "v", the opposite use of voiced and voiceless consonants, as well as in merging words together without a space. It should be noted that replacing phonetically adequate words with distorted ones (for example, preved or crosafcheg) rather refers to the vocabulary of “preveda” than to the jargon of “bastards” . A similar phenomenon occurred (and continues) in American English, when styles and jargons arose in order to simplify the very phonetically inadequate literary English - see, for example, the names of the discs and individual songs of the group "Slade". In accordance with the described norms, the jargon English words from the general Internet vocabulary, elements of slang and original expressions were also included. The language of bastards became widespread with the advent of blogs on the Internet, in which “bastards” left their “kamenty” (comments). It must be said that the “Padonkavian” dialect itself ultimately originates from Fido: around the end of December 1998, the echo conference SU.KASCHENKO.LOCAL (whose participants and their followers are called Kaschenites) began to spread, taking its name from the famous " Kashchenki" (also known as the Alekseev Psychiatric Hospital). Unlike the “TVN people” (participants of the conference IT’S ALL ABOUT US HERE) and the “bastards” who chose the “bottom of the body” as the main theme of their creativity, the Kaschenites were dominated by “black humor”, jokes about the most sacred. Another main topic is Jewry: one of the targets of the Kaschenites has traditionally been online nationalists. Yes, and subscribers who practice ordinary everyday anti-Semitism, presumably, were especially irritated by letters with a “pseudo-Jewish” accent.

Jewish themes, colliding with a love of black humor, resulted in variations on the theme of the Holocaust ovens. Network old-timers will immediately remember the expressions “ftopku” and “fgasenvagen” (for more details, see the description of the corresponding expressions).

Throughout its history, the objects of mockery in “Kashchenka” have been people with diverse interests: fans of Decl and Lena Zosimova, the groups “Metallica”, “Aria” and “Tatu”, fascists, Satanists (led by Warrax) and many, many other. All these waves successively enriched folklore with different words and expressions, some of which spilled out beyond SKL into Fido and further onto the Internet. For example, the word “soton” owes its appearance in the slang of scum to correspondence in SU.MUSIC.HEAVY&DEATH, many of whose subscribers did not study well at school and made mistakes even in such a simple word. However, the word “Sotona” itself, contrary to general misconception, has a completely natural origin (due to the different perception of vowels among Sephardi Jews and Ashkenazi Jews, in Ashkenazi pronunciation Satan was read as “Sotona”) The theme of “Sotonism” was continued by the parody rock band " AZTSKAYA SOTONA" (sic!), invented by SU.MUSIC.HEAVY&DEATH subscriber Ilya Prutov, but then firmly entrenched in Kaschen folklore. The group, according to its fictional history, gave exactly one concert, during which it burned down along with the House of Culture in which it took place. The situation was aggravated by the fact that subsequently unknown pranksters created a website for this group, from which you can even download songs. Who joked like that is still unknown. And the name of the group in the modern Internet lexicon has passed into the masculine gender and has become a common noun (if “aftar zhzhot”, then, apparently, aftar is “hellish soton”, everything is correct). Another from the same stream is the work of Pavel Skolota, who at one time enriched the OBEC.3BOH conference, intended for the works of beginning authors, with poems in the spirit of “I will kill everyone (in the name of Sotona), I will remain alone.” Poems in this style are called “knolotikov”; the vocabulary of a modern Settler owes them to the appearance of the words “mochet” (a modified “machete”), “hew,” and “zohavat.”

Currently, the jargon of “bastards” is gradually moving from virtual life to real life. More and more often it can be found in advertising and on store windows (not to mention graffiti).

Typically, philologists are quite calm about youth jargon, arguing: when they grow up, everyone forgets about “huts” and “shoes.” But the “Albanian” language causes them much more fear. “Young people who prefer to express themselves in so-called “Albanian” are robbing themselves,” says Marina Degtyareva, “It is impossible to write “preved” and “medved” every day, and then easily switch to the scientific style of an essay or diploma. It is impossible to constantly express your thoughts and emotions with the help of speech clichés, and then, when circumstances require it, to speak beautifully, competently, freely. A person with eyes callused with “ashipka” will not perceive all the charm of classical literature. And, of course, one cannot expect literacy from him when writing. It has long been noticed: some Moscow schoolchildren make fewer mistakes when speaking or writing in English than in Russian. Mangling words will inevitably aggravate the situation with literacy. A hand accustomed to incorrect spelling will then automatically “give” an error. For some It could cost you your career."

It is estimated that more than 25 million Russians access RuNet every month, and the number of users is growing. Students and high school students learn a new language the fastest, followed by middle and even elementary school students who begin to babble in Internet slang. “There is nothing surprising in this,” says Maya Dushkina, candidate of psychological sciences, associate professor at the Russian State Social University. “Children, teenagers and older children have always had a desire to isolate themselves from the “adult”, generally accepted culture and stand out in some way. A subculture is a method of identification, group and personal, designating the place of the “user" in the coordinate system of society as a whole. The purpose of this process is to designate and affirm one’s Self, to achieve the desired self-identity. This is what every bearer of a subculture, manifesting, wants to achieve with his “previous authors” his own advancement, modernity, dedication. “I’m in the know, I’m involved, I’m on the crest of a wave” - this is the message that he sends to everyone and everything.” This opinion is shared by Marina Degtyareva, Associate Professor of the Department of Modern Russian Language at Moscow State Regional University: “Slang is a kind of password, thanks to which it immediately becomes clear who is “us” and who is “stranger.” A common language allows those who speak it to feel that they belong to general team. Each generation of young people had their own special words. Fifteen years ago, boys, approving a friend’s bike or a new film, said “cool!”, five years ago this word was replaced by “cool!”, more recently it could be replaced “I wish I could hear “steer!” But now, most likely, the young man will say: “Zachot!” The spread of the Internet should inevitably give rise to its own language, dictated by the style of conversation.”

This style implies that the virtual person must be able to speak quickly and at the same time be original. If there is not enough gunpowder for interesting thoughts, then you should flaunt your manner of expression. The bar for creativity in the online community that speaks the “Albanian” language is at a fairly low level, because something truly original is regularly replaced by emotional clichés.

Not the entire Internet community has happily switched to “Albanian”. Several actions took place, the meaning of which is united by the motto “I can speak Russian!” Signs “I am writing in Russian, please do not disturb “Afftaram””, “I want to read texts in correct Russian” adorned many diaries of live journals and personal pages of users. Some not very literate schoolchildren, who, however, entered the struggle for the purity of the Russian language, suddenly sat down with explanatory dictionaries, so as not to accidentally “blurt out” something on their live journal page and not be ridiculed by the “bear” who wandered there. It’s just for this that the “animal” is worth shaking his “lab”.

Chapter IV. Interesting Facts

Albanian on Madonna's blog

Madonna was also urged to learn “Albanian” after she, using a translation program, greeted her Russian fans by calling them “fans.” fan- fan/fan/hairdryer, fan/fan):

For my Russian fans. I want to personally welcome you to my blog. I love you guys! You are the best! Don't forget to buy my new album Confessions on the Dance Field. Express it. Don't suppress. I noticed your presence here. I will remember your kindness.

Historical coincidences

· Poet and futurist artist Ilyazd in 1916, long before the advent of the “language of bastards,” he wrote an entire play in the spelling-incorrect Russian language mixed with abstruse language, called “Izyk Albanskay.”

Albanian-Russian dictionary.

· The author is terrible - the author is great. The history of the expression is as follows: Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol had the imprudence to burn the second volume of Dead Souls. Undoubtedly, the second volume was brilliant, which is why slang users use the real-time description of this sad story to express admiration for the work.

· Author, drink poison - and again we return to history. Only now not to St. Petersburg, but to Austria, the homeland of Mozart. Remember the sad story with Salieri?

· The author is burning like crazy - comes from the hypothetical assumption “What if Gogol burned both volumes?”

· Hellish - good, strong.

· Bayan, boyan, boyancheg - a condemning remark, indicating that the work is a copy of what is known to everyone.

· Glamorous, glamorous - from the French glamor - “charming, beautiful, cute.”

· Gothic - from the English gothic - “rough, uncouth”, meaning something grotesque and at the same time beautiful. Close in meaning to the word "tin".

· Tough, cruel - a manifestation of a strong impression from what he saw or read.

· Zhzhosh, zhzhot - approving expressions from the verb “to burn”.

· Z.Y. - same as P.S. (postscript) in erroneous transliteration.

· Kagdila? - How are you?

· Comment - from English comment - “comment”.

· Kisa, what city are you from? - a greeting with a touch of irony. A hint of the interlocutor’s narrow-mindedness, indicating the pointlessness of further discussion.

· Kriatiff - from the English creative - “creative, creative.” It means an entry in an online diary, which is then commented on by site visitors.

· Krosavcheg - admiration with an element of irony.

· Bear - referring to the bear from John Lurie's Bear Surprise, saying "preved!" (in the original - surprise!).

· Mosk, mosk - brain, mind. For example, “Not my mosk!” Has an ironic meaning. "Do you have any Mosk?" - a synonym for the phrase "are you blonde?" or “are you stupid?”

· Niasilil - did not read completely. Sometimes the reason is specified - “too much bukaf”, “patamushto war and peace” (lots of text), “patamushta stehi”.

· Niponil - I don’t understand, I don’t see the point.

· Naughty - not funny.

· Patstalom, patstulom, fell patstol - the reader fell under the table or chair laughing.

· Pesatel, peisatel - the same as afftar.

· Pitsot - from “five hundred”, that is, a lot.

· Cry! Sobbed! - cried with laughter. Synonymous with "patstulom" and "laughing".

· Pateushneg is a person of very low intellectual development.

· Raskas, roskas - story.

· Respekt, rispekt, rispegd - from the English respect - “respect”. The word expresses approval. Option - "respect and respect."

· Ftopem - on topic, okay.

· Ftopka! It's hot! - extremely negative assessment.

· Fupazor - ugh, shame!

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/

" Albanian language" . Research experience

Introduction

Virtual communication has given rise to a special language of virtual communication, nicknamed “Albanian”. Its distinctive feature is the distortion of the Russian language according to certain rules. This special language began to gradually move into everyday life, thereby exacerbating the problem of the purity of the modern Russian language. Scientists - linguists, teachers - linguists, parents often reproach our generation for illiteracy, considering its main reason to be an excessive passion for communicating “in Albanian style”. But is this really so?

I put forward a hypothesis: the use of the “Albanian language” when communicating on the Internet does not affect students’ literacy in Russian language lessons.

The purpose of my work is to study the influence of the “Albany language” on the literacy of students in grades 8-9 of the State Educational Institution “Samokhvalovichskaya Secondary School”.

Job objectives:

Study information about the peculiarities of adolescent communication via the Internet, forms of virtual communication;

Study frequently used slang expressions and abbreviations of words and try to identify the peculiarities of their use in the “Albanian language”;

To explore the ideas of students in grades 8-9 and teachers of the State Educational Institution “Samokhvalovichskaya Secondary School” on this issue.

Object of study: “Albanian language”.

Subject of the study: the influence of the “Albanian language” on the literacy of students in grades 8-9 of the State Educational Institution “Samokhvalovichskaya Secondary School”.

Methods used: survey, monitoring, bibliographic analysis method.

1. Specifics of communication on the Internet

Internet Albanian language student

Communication on the Internet is a relatively new phenomenon and therefore little studied. On the one hand, on the Internet you can find any information on any topic, including the topic of Internet communication. On the other hand, research on this type of communication is rather fragmentary and inconsistent. However, based on data from the resource www.psychology.ru, we can highlight the following: specialthe importance of communication through andinternet.

Firstly, it is anonymity. The information provided by the Internet user is insufficient for a real and adequate perception of the individual. In addition, concealment or provision of false information is observed. As a result of such anonymity and impunity, another feature appears on the Internet related to the reduction of psychological risk in the process of communication - liberation, non-normativity and some irresponsibility of the participants in communication.

Secondly, contacts are voluntary. The user voluntarily makes contacts or leaves them, and can also interrupt them at any time.

Thirdly, this is the difficulty of the emotional component of communication. At the same time, there is a persistent desire for emotional content in the text, which is expressed in the creation of special icons to indicate emotions or in describing emotions in words.

If speak about forms of virtual communication, then the most famous are chats, forums, email, ICQ, blogs.

Each of these forms has its own unique traditions of communication and makes special demands on the language in which communication occurs. In addition, forms of network communication differ not only in the mode of interactivity (Online and Offline), the direction of communication (mono-dialogue and polylogical), but also in the degree of openness. We can conditionally divide them into “open” (available for viewing by all network users) and “private” (intended for confidential communication).

Let's look at some of them in more detail. IN chats For the most part, communication is practiced for the sake of communication itself. They are characterized by unprepared utterances, where the conversational genre predominates, which, however, is influenced by the specificity of the exchange of remarks in writing. Through chat, an essentially new form of linguistic interaction has emerged - a symbiosis of written and spoken speech. In addition, the speed of communication in chats has left its mark on the volume of remarks: statements are laconic, the average length of a message is 5-6 words, while the volume emails can reach several pages of text.

Over the past few years they have become very popular blogs, online diaries of one or more authors, consisting of entries in reverse chronological order. Forums is a place for networking between a group of authors, where entries are united by a common theme. They are focused on a more time-delayed exchange of statements than chats, so the remarks of forum participants are more consistent with the manner of written speech: statements are logical, complete and informative.

The need for full communication on the Internet has brought to life new sign systems. The inability to use standard means of conveying emotions when communicating on the Internet has led to the creation of a system of so-called emoticons, with the help of which a fairly diverse range of feelings can be expressed. Capital letters are also used as a substitute for voice modulations, which outside the title convey an increase in voice tone.

Internet users often do not bother with detailed comments, preferring common phrases from online jargon. If the text is liked, it is rewarded with typical praise: “Zhzhot!”, “HDDD”. If the message seemed boring - “Facepalm”, “Nizachot”, “Nikatit”. Such blatant distortion of language is not necessarily a sign of total illiteracy of visitors to blogs and chats. How else to convey the nuances of your emotions - irony, sarcasm, surprise? So netizens resort to deviations from the norms of spelling and punctuation, the use of capital letters inside words and other games with the alphabet (see. ANNEX 1).

The main purpose of using such a sign system is to save time allocated for communication. This is a sign of modern society as a whole: the pace of life is accelerating every day, and language, accordingly, adapts to new operating conditions.

Many Internet users admit a huge amount errors. These errors can be divided into the following groups.

Common illiteracy. Some people did not learn the rules of spelling at school and simply do not know how to spell this or that word. They use words that are difficult for them as they see fit, but often their opinion about the correct spelling does not coincide with the truth.

Deliberate illiteracy. Illiteracy in this case is elevated to the rank of dignity. Words are printed as they are heard and pronounced, voiced consonants are changed to voiceless (“daroff”), A on ABOUT, E on AND and vice versa (“preved”). It is this spelling that is a kind of calling card of the “Albanian language”. Possession of “Albanian” shows that a person belongs to the huge community of Internet communication. He becomes his own, distorting the Russian language according to certain rules.

Typos. The Internet is full of typos. There are so many typos because many people do not check the correctness of the typed text.

2. by students 8-9 classes of the State Educational Institution "Samokhvalovichskaya Secondary School"

To study students’ ideas about the influence of the “Albany language” on literacy, I developed a special questionnaire. The rules for compiling this type of questionnaire are taken from a sociology textbook edited by prof. Elsukova A.N.

What forms of communication on the Internet do you prefer?

31 students (86 % ) selected chat, 3(1 4 % ) - email.

Do you use “Albanian language” in online communication?

Never

Depending on the situation

26 studentov (7 2 % ) answeredO“depending on the situation”, 5- "sometimes", 4(1 1 % ) - « often» , 1 (3 % ) - « never» .

Do you use “Albanian” in your oral communication with your classmates?

Never

Depending on the situation

30 students(8 3 % ) answered “sometimes”, 4(1 1 % ) - "often", 2(6 % ) - "never".

Do you use “Albanian language” when communicating with parents and teachers?

Never

Depending on the situation

27 (7 5 % ) students answered “never”, 8(2 2 % ) - "depending on the situation", 1(3 % ) - Sometimes.

Why do you use “Albanian language” in online communication?

It's modern (fashionable)

It's fun

So that adults don't understand

That's what everyone does

It's faster this way

34 students(9 4 % ) answered “it’s faster”, 2(6 % ) - "this is funO".

Do you use spelling rules when communicating on the Internet?

Never

Depending on the situation

35 students (9 7 % ) answered “depending on the situation”, 1(3 % ) - "Always".

Do you use punctuation rules when communicating on the Internet?

Never

Depending on the situation

30 (8 3 % ) students answered “depending on the situation”, 6(1 7 % ) - "Sometimes".

What words do you modify most often?

Plz please.

Pozyazya - please.

Lu cha och sina - I love you very much.

Mona - you can.

Sho-thread - something.

Ku - hi.

Good night - good night.

Current - only.

MB - maybe.

Spc - thank you.

Namana is fine.

How a u - how are you?

Does using “Albanian” when communicating on the Internet affect your literacy in class?

32 students(8 9 % ) answered “no”, 4 (1 1 % ) - "Don't know".

So, the students’ answers are quite categorical: 89% of those who participate in Internet communication (or 64% of all respondents - let me remind you that a total of 50 people took part in the survey) believe that use of "Albanian language"does not affect their literacy At school. Here are the most common arguments.

“I use slang depending on the communication situation, first of all, on who my interlocutor is.”

“Nowadays everyone speaks Albanian in chat rooms, but in real life I try not to use it.”

“I write everywhere not very competently. I don’t make mistakes on purpose, but I don’t worry too much about them either.”

This position is confirmed by the answers to the previous questions. Let me remind you that, answering questions No. 6, “Do you apply spelling rules when communicating on the Internet?” and No. 7 “Do you use punctuation rules when communicating on the Internet?”, 97% and 83% of students, respectively, chose the answer “depending on the situation.”

Illustrative examples of correspondence on the Internet in compliance with the norms of the Russian language are given in APPS 2 And 3 .

The same clear answer was given to the question about the reasons for using the “Albanian language” when communicating on the Internet: “it’s faster” (94% of respondents). In turn, this result is confirmed by the answers to question No. 8 “What words do you modify most often?” The expressions given as an answer are mainly abbreviations of words and phrases.

To further check the objectivity of the results obtained, I conducted a survey among 8 teachers - linguists at our school. The question was posed as follows: “Does the use of the “Albanian language” in Internet communication affect students’ literacy in Russian, Belarusian and English lessons?” Answer options: “yes”, “no”, “I don’t know”.

2 teachers (25%) answered “yes”, 6 (75%) - “no”.

Conclusion

Communication on the Internet is identified by many modern researchers as a special type of communication with their specific characteristics: anonymity, voluntary contacts and difficulty in the emotional component of communication.

Most famous forms of virtual communication are forums, e-mail, ICQ, blogs, chats.

Through chat, a new form of language interaction has emerged - symbiosis of written and spoken speech. The main reason for using it is to save time allocated for communication.

When communicating in chat rooms, Internet users admit a huge number of errors. These errors can be divided into three groups:

ordinary illiteracy, deliberate illiteracy (“Albanian language”), typos. According to popular belief, the use of “Albany language” is the main reason for the decline in student literacy.

To test this statement, I conducted this study.

The survey was conducted in 8 “A”, 8 “B” and 9 “A” classes. A total of 50 students were surveyed, the vast majority of whom - 36 students or 72% of respondents - stated that they participate in Internet communication. Further questions were asked to those who answered the preliminary question positively, i.e. 36 students.

The answers turned out to be quite clear.

Answers to question No. 5 “Why do you use the Albanian language in Internet communication?” confirmed the assumptions of the authors of the resource www.psychology.ru that the main reason for using abbreviations is to save time when communicating.

Answering question No. 9, “Does using the Albanian language when communicating on the Internet affect your literacy in the classroom?”, 89% of those who participate in Internet communication stated that use of "Albanian language"does not affect their literacy At school. A similar position was confirmed by the answers to control questions (No. 6 and No. 7).

To further check the objectivity of the results obtained, a survey was conducted among teachers and linguists at our school. 75% of teachers also agreed with the statement that use of "Albanian language"does not affect literacy students in class.

Thus, the data obtained during the study confirmed the correctness of the hypothesis put forward.

Posted on Allbest.ru

...

Plan:

1 Characteristics
2 History
- 2.1 Origin of the name "Albany"
- 2.2 Spreading
3 Memes
- 3.1 Preved
- 3.2 Bobruisk
4 In popular culture
5 Possible prototypes

Introduction

"Padonkaffsky", or "Albanian" yezig- a style of using the Russian language that spread in Runet at the beginning of the 21st century with phonetically almost correct, but deliberately incorrect spelling of words (the so-called errative), frequent use of profanity and certain cliches characteristic of slangs. Most often used when writing comments on texts in blogs, chats and web forums. Slang has given rise to many stereotypical expressions and Internet memes, in particular, the “preved” meme is associated with it.

1. Characteristics

The slang of bastards is already used in official documents (name of the partnership)

The main feature of the “padonkaf” style is the deliberate violation of the spelling norms of the Russian language (focused on etymology) while maintaining the graphic principles of reading and, in general, the same phonetic sequence. From the homophonic writing methods in a given position, the one that does not correspond to the spelling norm is selected - use A instead of unstressed O and vice versa, interchange of unstressed And, e And I, cc or ts instead of ts, ts, ds, Also wow And shi, why And now instead of live And shi, cha And now, sch instead of sch and vice versa, yea, yo, yu instead of initial ones I, e, Yu, interchange of voiceless and voiced at the end of a word or before voiceless ( crosafcheg), and instead of f can be used in this position ff(modeled on the old Western European transmission of surnames like Smirnoff).

It is also common to merge words together without a space ( LOL). In other words, this is an “anti-norm” based on a consistent (or close to it) rejection of the existing normative choice of spellings (that is, in order to write in the jargon of bastards, you actually need to master the existing norm). In addition, means that violate the graphic principles of reading are used less frequently: the interchange of voiceless and voiced not only at the end of a word ( dafai), as well as hard and soft (for example, bear). The latter phenomena are lexicalized (associated with specific words).

In addition, the “padonkaf” language includes specific vocabulary - usually common literary words, which are assigned special meanings/uses (jargon in the proper sense of the word): this is the word itself bastard, as well as expressions like zhzhosh, afftar, drink poison, hellish and so on.

2. History

The style, based on deliberately incorrect spelling, spread spontaneously on the Internet as a grotesque reaction to numerous spelling errors in Internet publications and remarks. The immediate predecessor of “Albanian” was the jargon of users of the Fidonet computer network, specifically the echo conferences TYT.BCE.HACPEM and Ru.punk.rock, as well as Kaschenites, whose echo conference has been known since approximately the end of December 1998. This Runet phenomenon is close to LOLspeak, which is popular on the English-language Internet.

It can be assumed that such a language was widespread in Russia back in the 19th century among young people who wanted to stand out. In the novel “Kyukhlya” Yu. Tynyanov talks about Kuchelbecker’s neighbor in prison - the young daring Prince Obolensky, who was subsequently deprived of his rank and exiled to Siberia, who, undoubtedly, knowing perfectly well written Russian, wrote letters in a language close to Albanian. Here is one of those letters:

Daragoy Sased will call me, swearing Sergei Abalenskaya, I am the staff-captain of the Hussars regiment, I’m sitting, the devil only knows what, but for gambling and roulette, and the most important thing is that I beat the commander and wrote an official letter to the head of the division, Baron Budberg, that he is a lackey of the tsar, he has been sitting in Sviyaborgi for a whole year, how many They'll keep me in this pit, God knows.

It is believed that the appearance of padonkaff jargon on the Internet was due to the activities of Dmitry Sokolovsky, the administrator of the site udaff.com, better known as “Boa Constrictor.” In 2000, he began writing for a website with the self-explanatory names fuck.ru and fuckru.net, and then opened the website udaff.com, where he publishes his own and other people’s texts, which use toilet humor and obscenities. According to Sokolovsky himself, the first to distort words on the site fuck.ru was the author, who spoke under the nickname Linxy. Then for a long time he supported the well-known countercultural website down-culture.ru, which currently does not exist. In honor of Linksy, this language was originally called L-language.

2.1. Origin of the name "Albany"

The expression became widespread on LiveJournal when an American user scottishtiger (an American from Tacoma, Washington, DC, of Scottish descent), seeing the text in Russian (in this user post onepamop ), was indignant at why someone was writing on the American website livejournal.com in “a language he does not understand, and what kind of language it is in general.” User maxxximus called an “unknown” language Albanian. The next day, to the question “Why do you think that the comments were written for you?” scottishtiger replied:

Why? This is LiveJournal. American site, not Albanian. And I know that you speak two languages. Plus, being an American means the rest of the world has to adjust to me. But this is just my point of view.

In response, a flash mob called Albanian Lessons was organized in the Russian-language section of LiveJournal, which aimed to help an American learn Russian. In a couple of days scottishtiger received several thousand comments with “Albanian lessons” and just flood. The user was asked to apologize and write a post in his journal (in Russian) stating that he had already learned the Albanian language, that scottishtiger , in the end, he did. Perhaps only because, in addition to the magazine and mailbox, I received a huge number of SMS messages and calls on my mobile phone.

First Albanian lessons:

First lesson. About the letter X. X. This is an important Albanian letter of the Russian alphabet. The fucking Albanian national word “dick” begins with it...

After some time, he reduced his activity (including turning off comments) due to the ongoing uncontrolled flooding. In 2010 the magazine was closed, in February 2011 it was already opened.

2.2. Spreading

The style became widespread on the Internet, and the deliberate obscenity and cynicism of the style receded, causing the areas of use to expand significantly. The jargon of bastards became widespread with the advent of blogs on the Internet, in which “bastards” left their “comments” (comments). Jargon had a strong influence on the development of the language cliches of LiveJournal, which gave rise to a number of common “comments”, such as “pervyynakh” (first comment), “afftar zhzhot”, “kill apsten”, “drink yada”, “yazva” (something bad) , “zachot”, “hellish soton”, etc. In accordance with the described norms, English words from the general Internet vocabulary, elements of slang and original expressions were also included in the jargon.

The language of Upyachka can be considered a follower of the language of bastards, although this “language” is too specific: basically it is a mixture of several individual words that for the most part do not carry a semantic load, for example: “Zhep ebrilo”, “Chocho”, “Adynadynadyn”, etc. d.

3. Memes

3.1. Preved

3.2. Bobruisk

Padonkov’s phrase “F Babruisk, zhivotnae!” became especially famous. The most likely version of the origin of this phrase is the work of counter-cultural writer Vladimir Sorokin:

You're Russian, aren't you? Were you born in Russia? Did you go to high school? Have you served in the army? Did you study at a technical school? Did you work at a factory? Did you go to Bobruisk? Did you go to Bobruisk? Did you go to Bobruisk? You went, huh? You went to Bobruisk, huh? Did you go? Why are you silent? Did you go to Bobruisk? A? Why are you mowing? A? It's stuck, right? Did you go to Bobruisk? Are you a dick? Did you go to Bobruisk? Did you go, bastard? Did you go, bastard? Did you go, bastard? Did you fucking go?

Vladimir Sorokin. A road accident.

4. In popular culture

References to the slang of bastards in literature, music, and cinema are not uncommon.

The parody group “The Nepodarki” performs songs in the slang of bastards.
The band “Azstskaya Sotona”, a parody black metal band formed based on an online legend, performs songs in the slang of bastards.
In the song “Grandma Asked” by the group “Lilies of the Valley” there are the lines:

About this unique phenomenon
I told Gordon in my spare time
Gordon answered me on a fashionable hairdryer:
“Burn, bitch!”

In Victor Pelevin’s work Helm of Horror, the character S’liff_zoSSchitan spoke the Padonkaf language. Also, in the work “Empire V” the main character, having tried the bottle “Tyutchev + Albanian source”, writes a poem in pure Albanian.
In the stories “Demons in the House” and “Career” by science fiction writer Alexander Rudazov, the gremlin Venya uses the language of bastards.

5. Possible prototypes

Transfer from e To yo and from I To yea(ya krevedko) is a process that is partly the opposite of the historical process of the emergence of these letters: the letter “е” was introduced in 1783 as a replacement for “io”, and “ya” (or rather, its predecessors yus small and a iotated) appeared as ligatures εν and ıa respectively. However, the phonetic meaning of the small yus when it appeared was different (e is nasal, not ja), and in addition, iotated vowels and io were also used after consonants (where they meant one sound), which is not always typical for the padonki language.

The Belarusian language has adopted a phonetic spelling that directly reflects akanye and some other phonetic changes that are also found in the Russian language (see Spelling of the Belarusian language). “O” is preserved only under stress; in the absence of stress, “A” is always written ( malaco), Russian tsya/tsya corresponds tsa (bayazza), some doubled consonants correspond to single ones ( Russians) etc. Proposals for similar reforms for the Russian language were put forward in the early 60s of the 20th century, and cartoons appeared on them in the Krokodil magazine. The Belarusian system is also based on the phonetic principle and does not represent a deliberate departure from the etymological one.

The play by the futurist Ilya Zdanevich “Yanka Krul Albanskaya”, written and first staged in 1916, is written in a mixture of abstruse and Russian, and in the printed edition the Russian text is deliberately typed without observing the normative rules of spelling (with a general orientation towards phonetic notation like the Belarusian one). Some excerpts from the play:

The article by G. Guseinov (2000), who introduced the concept of errative, contains links to online publications by Dmitry Galkovsky, who already in the plays of the 1990s widely used the style that the authors of the sites udaff.com and fuck.ru subsequently strived for.

A similar phenomenon occurred (and continues to occur) in American English, when styles and jargons arose in order to simplify the highly phonetically inadequate literary English - see, for example, the titles of discs and individual songs of the Slade group.

Sources

Protasov P. Magazine P@utina.
Poster magazine
TUT.by
Off. website of the ACCkaya SoToNa group.
Letters and papers of Emperor Peter the Great: T. I. 1688-1701. - St. Petersburg, 1887.
First edition - Tiflis, "Syndicate", 1918; reprinted in the collection: Poetry of Russian Futurism. St. Petersburg, “Academic Project”, 2001 (“New Library of the Poet”), p. 522-531

"Albany language". Research experience

Albanian on Madonna's blog

Historical coincidences

Story

Spreading

In popular culture

Possible prototypes

Sources

Links

Publications

Characteristics

Spreading

Chapter II. "Padonkaf jargon" and the Albanian language

Chapter III. History and development

Chapter IV. Interesting Facts

Historical coincidences

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Similar documents

Plan:

Introduction

1. Characteristics

2. History

2.1. Origin of the name "Albany"

2.2. Spreading

3. Memes

3.1. Preved

3.2. Bobruisk

4. In popular culture

5. Possible prototypes

Sources