Fairy tales, like any other works of the literary genre, also have their own classification, and not even just one. Fairy tales can be divided into several groups, firstly, by content, and secondly, by authorship. In addition, there is also a classification of fairy tales based on nationality, which is transparent and understandable to everyone. For example, “Russian folk tales”, “German fairy tales”, etc. It is also not so difficult to say what kind of fairy tales there are by authorship. Everyone knows that there are folk tales, and there are original ones, written by a specific person. We will return to this later, but first we will talk about a more complex classification of fairy tales - by content.
Types of fairy tales by content
- household
- magical
- fairy tales about animals
Each of these types is divided into several more, which we will talk about in the corresponding chapters. Let's start with everyday fairy tales.
Everyday tales
As the name suggests, everyday fairy tales include those that describe the life and way of life of a particular people. However, it should be noted that in this kind of fairy tales the usual description is rare, and most often it is supplemented by various humorous and satirical descriptions. For example, any qualities of a particular class of society or estate are ridiculed. Among everyday fairy tales, the following types of fairy tales are distinguished (we list them with examples):
- social and domestic (“Shemyakin Court”, “Dividing the Goose”, “Chatty Old Woman”)
- satirical-everyday (“The Man and the Priest,” “The Master and the Carpenter,” “The Master and the Man,” “How the Priest Hired a Worker”)
- magical and everyday (with elements from fairy tales, vivid examples of this: “Morozko”, “Cinderella”)
In general, it should be noted that this classification was derived by literary scholars rather conditionally, since it is not always possible to say unambiguously which category a particular fairy tale belongs to. Many can be classified as both social-everyday and satirical-everyday, and, for example, in the well-known fairy tale “Morozko”, a certain amount of magic is added to these two features, so it is both everyday, satirical, and magical at the same time. And this is the case with many fairy tales - be sure to take this point into account when classifying.
Fairy tales
A fairy tale can be recognized, first of all, by its surroundings, which, as a rule, little correspond to the reality revealed to us in life. Heroes exist in their own fantasy world. Often such tales begin with the words “In a certain kingdom...”. Fairy tales can also be divided into several types:
- heroic tales (with victory over various mythical creatures or with adventures in which the hero goes on to find some kind of magical object). Examples: “Rejuvenating Apples”, “Vasilisa the Beautiful”;
- archaic tales (tell about destitute and lonely people and those who were kicked out or left their family for some reason and about their adventures). Examples: “Twelve Months”, “Children of the Cannibal”;
- tales about people endowed with magical powers. For example: “Marya the Mistress”, “Elena the Wise”.
Animal Tales
Let's see what tales there are about animals:
- tales about ordinary animals (wild and domestic). For example: “The Fox and the Hare”, “The Fox and the Crane”, “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats”;
- tales about magical animals. For example: “Goldfish”, “Humpbacked Horse”, “Emelya” (“At the command of the pike”).
In addition, there are fairy tales like this:
- cumulative (in which there is a repeating plot). For example: “Mitten”, “Kolobok”, “Turnip”;
- fables. As an example, let us cite the well-known fables “The Crow and the Fox” and “The Monkey and the Glasses.” A small note: not all literary scholars classify the fable as a fairy-tale genre, giving it a separate place among literary genres, but for the sake of completeness, I decided to include fables here too.
As you probably know, these fables are not folk art, they have authors. Thus, fairy tales can be divided into folk and original. “The Fox and the Hare” is a Russian folk tale, and “The Little Humpbacked Horse” is an original one, since it was written by P.P. Ershov. Well, we have considered, perhaps, all the main types of fairy tales, both in content and in terms of authorship and nationality.
Some links
This page presents wonderful fairy tales.
And you will find several dozen of the most famous fairy tales about animals.
I would like to note that the fairy tales presented on the pages of this site are perhaps the most famous from the Russian folk tales section.
All children, and what is there to hide, adults, love fairy tales. Remember how we listened with bated breath to magical stories about our favorite heroes who taught us kindness, courage, and love?! They made us believe in miracles. And now we are happy to tell fairy tales that we heard or read once to our children. And they will tell them to their children - and this chain will never be interrupted.
What kind of everyday stories are these and who is the hero in them?
There are different fairy tales - magical, about animals and everyday ones. This article will focus on the latter. The reader may have a question: what kind of fairy tales are these? So, everyday ones are those in which there are no miraculous transformations or mythical characters. The heroes of such stories are ordinary people: a cunning master, a simple man, a savvy soldier, a selfish deacon, a greedy neighbor and others. These tales describe the daily life and everyday life of ordinary people. The plot in such stories is simple. They ridicule greed and stupidity, condemn indifference and cruelty, and praise kindness and resourcefulness. As a rule, these stories contain a lot of humor, unexpected twists and educational moments. The list of everyday fairy tales invented by the people is very long. But it is not only rich in such entertaining stories. Many Russian writers worked in this genre: Saltykov-Shchedrin, Belinsky, Pushkin and others.
Everyday tales: list of the most popular
- "Seven-year-old daughter."
- "The master blacksmith."
- "The Argumentative Wife."
- "The master and the man."
- "Pot".
- "The Master and the Dog".
- "Hare".
- "Good pop."
- "Porridge from an axe."
- "Ivan the Fool".
- "If you don't like it, don't listen."
- "Soldier's Overcoat".
- "Fedul and Melania."
- "Three rolls and one bagel."
- "Speaking water."
- "Funeral of a Goat"
- “What doesn’t happen in the world.”
- "About need."
- "Good and bad."
- "Lutonyushka."
Here is just a small list of everyday tales. In fact, there are many more of them.
The plot of the fairy tale "Porridge from an Ax"
In the “List of Everyday Fairy Tales” rating, first place can rightfully be given to this story. It not only shows the ingenuity of a brave soldier, but also ridicules the greed and narrow-mindedness of a stingy woman. The soldier always occupied an honorable role. Warriors were very loved in Rus', and therefore in such stories they always emerged victorious thanks to their inquisitive mind, skillful hands and kind heart. In this story, the reader makes fun of the old woman’s greed: she has plenty of food, but she feels sorry for a piece of bread, and she pretends to be poor and unhappy. The soldier quickly saw through the deception and decided to teach the stingy woman a lesson. He offered to cook porridge from an axe. The old woman's curiosity got the better of her and she agreed. The soldier deftly lured her cereal, salt and butter. The stupid old woman never understood that it was impossible to cook porridge with an axe.
Not only children love everyday fairy tales, adults also read them with pleasure, eagerly awaiting the outcome of how the hero will cope with a difficult task. And we always rejoice when we learn that evil has been punished and justice has triumphed. Make a list of everyday fairy tales for your child, and as you read each one, discuss with him the plot, the good and evil deeds of the characters. By analyzing various situations, it will be easier for the child to subsequently distinguish between good and evil in life. Ask what everyday tales he knows and offer to tell you one of them.
A fairy tale is a miracle! A wonderful world, familiar from childhood, where good always triumphs over evil. On the pages of fairy-tale books live talking animals and dragons, brave heroes and beautiful princesses, good fairies and evil sorcerers. Fairy tales encourage not only to believe in miracles, but also teach kindness, compassion, not giving in to difficulties, listening to parents and not judging others by appearance.
What kind of fairy tales are there?
A fairy tale is a story with fictional characters and a plot that is of an everyday, heroic or magical nature. They are folklore (composed by the people), literary (include features of folk tales, but belong to one author) and author's (written by one specific author). Folklore tales are divided into magical, everyday and about animals.
Folklore
They go a long way before reaching the reader. They are passed down orally from generation to generation until some collector of legends writes them down on paper. It is believed that the heroes of the first stories were the Earth, the Sun, the Moon and other natural phenomena, and images of people and animals began to be used later.
Folk tales have a fairly simple structure: a saying, a beginning and an end. The text is easy to read and does not contain complex words. But despite its apparent simplicity, it retains all the richness of the Russian language. Folklore tales are easily understood even by little ones, which makes them the best choice for reading before bed. This will not only prepare the child for sleep, but also unobtrusively teach life values.
The main features of a fairy tale:
- Fairy-tale cliches “Once upon a time,” “In a certain kingdom.”
- Use of proverbs and sayings.
- Obligatory victory of good in the final.
- The tests that the heroes go through are educational and moral in nature.
- The animals saved by the hero help him get out of difficult situations.
Household
The action takes place in everyday life, not “in the distant kingdom,” but in an ordinary city or village. The life of that time, features and habits are described. The heroes are the poor and merchants, spouses, soldiers, servants and masters. The plot is based on ordinary life situations and conflicts that the heroes have to resolve with the help of skill, ingenuity and even cunning.
Everyday fairy tales ridicule human vices: greed, stupidity, ignorance. The main message of such stories is that one should not be afraid of work, not be lazy and confidently overcome obstacles. Treat others kindly, be responsive to the grief of others, do not lie or be stingy. For example, “Porridge from an axe,” “Turnip,” “Seven-year-old daughter.”
About animals
Often the characters are animals. They live and communicate like people, talk and play pranks, quarrel and make peace. There is no clear character among the characters division into positive and negative heroes. Each of them is endowed with one distinctive feature, which is played out in the plot of the fairy tale. A cunning fox, an angry wolf, a hardworking hare, and a wise owl. Such images are understandable to children and give ideas about intelligence and stupidity, cowardice and courage, greed and kindness.
Magical
What is a fairy tale? This is a mysterious world filled with magic and enchantment. Where animals, nature and even objects can speak. The composition is more complex, it includes an introduction, a plot, a central plot, a climax and a denouement. The plot is based on overcoming a difficult situation or regaining a loss. For example, “Morozko”, “Finist Clear Falcon”, “Cinderella”.
The world of characters is incredibly diverse. G The main heroes have all the positive qualities, that is, such as kindness, generosity, responsiveness, courage. They are opposed by evil, greedy and selfish negative heroes. In the fight against enemies, the positive heroes are helped by wonderful helpers and magical objects. The ending is certainly happy. The hero returns home with honors, having overcome all adversity and obstacles.
Literary
Has a specific author, but is closely related to folklore. A literary fairy tale reflects the author's view of the world, his ideas and desires, while folk tales demonstrate generalized values. The writer empathizes with the main characters, expresses sympathy for individual characters and openly ridicules the negative characters.
The basis is often the plots of folk tales.
- the hero’s belonging to the world of magic;
- hostility between adoptive parents and children;
- the hero is helped by nature, living creatures and magical attributes.
To imitate folk tales, the same principles are applied: fairy-tale setting, talking animals, triplicate repetitions and vernacular. The images of the main characters of folk tales are often used: Ivan the Fool, Baba Yaga, Tsar Koschei and others. The author strives for greater detail, the characters and personal qualities of the characters are described in detail, the environment is close to reality and there are always two generations present: the older (parents) and the younger (children).
Vivid examples of literary fairy tales include the work of A. Pushkin “Goldfish”, G. Andersen “The Snow Queen” and C. Perrault “Puss in Boots”.
Whatever the fairy tale, its goal is to teach a child not to despair, to boldly take on tasks, and to respect other people’s opinions. Looking at the bright illustrations, it’s easy to come up with your own plot based on an already familiar story. Even an adult will find it useful to break away from the usual cycle of days and plunge into the wonderful world of magic.
- Soldier and king in the forest;
- Ax porridge;
- Robbers;
- Wise answers;
- The Wise Maiden and the Seven Thieves;
- The slandered merchant's daughter;
- Kind word;
- Matched children;
- Wise Maiden;
- Gorshenya;
- Puzzles;
- Vasily Tsarevich and Elena the Beautiful;
- Prover wife;
- Husband and wife (in her, the husband beat all the sickness out of his wife with a whip).
So called everyday tales- these are fairy tales that reflect folk life and everyday life,
real reality, without any miracles, without any magic.
Everyday tales- these are real satirical folk works.
Satire consists of a clear mockery of the greed, stinginess, and stupidity of people, most of them the rich.
These qualities are ridiculed in the master, the merchant, the priest, and they do not even spare the king himself.
Since childhood, everyone has been familiar with the hero of everyday fairy tales, Ivanushka the Fool.
This name even appears in the titles of many fairy tales: The Tale of Ivan the Fool, Ivan the Fool,
Ivan is a peasant son and a miracle Yudo, Like Ivan the Fool guarded the door.
Usually this hero is despised by everyone, or rather, despised by those who consider him stupid, unreasonable among them, the reasonable ones. But in fact, this simple-minded fool turns out to be almost the only intelligent creature.
He is not stupid at all, but simply naive, good-natured, and selfless.
Around him, people deceive each other, are cunning, are greedy, want to gain wealth by all means, stroke their pride, and Ivanushka lies on the stove, dreams, he is happy with little things - a red shirt and a kind word.
And happiness comes to him, and not to those who strived for wealth, for a high rank.
A fool marries some beautiful princess and becomes a handsome man himself.
IN everyday tales selflessness prevails over greed, stinginess, intelligence and ingenuity prevail over stupidity,
real honor is above arrogance.
And this is the deep meaning of such fairy tales.
Of course, the heroes of such fairy tales, besides Ivanushka, are ordinary men, an old man and an old woman, brothers, a worker, a peasant, a soldier.
Here, for example, are tales about a serviceman: Porridge from an axe, Soldier's overcoat, Soldier and devil, Soldier's school.
The Russian people have a lot of fairy tales; collections of Russian fairy tales have been published more than once.
Give here the entire list, even just household there is no possibility.
Yes, many people remember such fairy tales from childhood, for example: Gorshenya, Lutonyushka, Grief, Salt, What does not happen in the world, Good priest, Turnip, Hidden treasure, Wise servant.
In all fairy tales, a funny joke, an ironic joke is intertwined and interspersed with serious assessments of human affairs.
For example, shaved-haired, or from the same place. And here’s another note, as they say, for the hostess. The main characters in these fairy tales are people, husbands, wives, their relatives and other characters, and everyday, well-known situations are played out. There are many such tales if you look for them.
These are those fairy tales that describe everyday life. For example, Little Fox with a Rolling Pin, Little Thumb, another fairy tale, I don’t remember the exact name, I think Kotofey Kotofeevich, it’s about a cat who is left in the forest and a fox takes him in. Now you can’t remember everything.
Fairy tales are divided into several types according to different criteria; among them, in terms of content, everyday fairy tales stand out, along with fairy tales and fairy tales about animals. As the name suggests, they are based on everyday life. In turn, everyday fairy tales are also divided into several types:
social and everyday (How a man divided geese, Soldier and Tsar, Porridge from an ax),
satirical-everyday (How a priest hired a worker)
and fairy tales from everyday life (Cinderella and Morozko, for example).
Sometimes a fairy tale is difficult to classify as one type, since it contains elements of all three, but perhaps one of them predominates.
There are a large number of all kinds of fairy tales in Rus'. I remember when I was a child there was such a popular collection of Russian folk tales. And everyday fairy tales are fairy tales that describe everyday life, which is clear from the name of this category. The main such folk works can be considered the fairy tale Porridge from an Ax, Kolobok or the Man and the Bear. But there are many others.
As far as I know, Russian everyday fairy tales include those tales that reflect the real Russian life of past centuries. In particular, such well-known Russian fairy tales as Porridge from an Ax, The Soldier and the Tsar, Kolobok, Morozko, Turnip, and many others can be classified as everyday fairy tales.
Everyday fairy tales are, in fact, not fairy tales at all, but stories about ordinary everyday events. There is no magic in them, but there is morality.
Examples of such tales:
There are still many such fairy tales, which, in my opinion, should not be read to children. Basically, they convey the following idea: life without money is not life.
As the commentators above have already said, these are those fairy tales that depict the everyday life, for example, Morozko, porridge from an ax, Ivanushka the Fool, Sleeping Beauty, Sivko Burka, the tale of the priest and his worker the fool, and many more such tales.
Russian folk everyday tales are fairy tales that do not have a specific author, the author is the people, they do not contain magic, supernatural miracles, but real, real life is reflected, they contain a deep meaning. Sometimes this meaning is so deep that it is difficult to understand))) For example, in the fairy tale Chicken Ryaba: the grandfather and the woman beat and beat an egg - it didn’t break, the mouse helped them, but instead of joy they cry, and the hen promised not to break the golden egg instead 3 are the same, and one is simple (!), what’s the point?
A lot of fairy tales can be classified as Russian folk tales.
Coachman and merchant
Stupid man
Thieves and the judge
The man and the gentleman
Fox-sister and gray wolf
Chicken Ryaba
A good example of an everyday fairy tale is Porridge from an Ax, as well as the fairy tale about Kolobok. True, the latter is not clear what it teaches, because the bun was eventually eaten by a fox due to its cunning. Probably the fairy tale teaches you to be cunning. Well, in modern life it’s also not superfluous.
There's also Cinderella. Turnip.
Recently, fairy-tale toys made of wood have become popular, when you don’t read a fairy tale to a child, but show them by example of these toys. For example, there definitely is such a turnip. So very helpful.
Everyday and satirical Russian fairy tales / Everyday tales titles
Everyday and satirical Russian fairy tales are based on events in people's daily lives. Fairy tales convey everyday life in which real characters participate: husband and wife, gentlemen and servants, stupid ladies and ladies, a thief and a soldier, and of course a cunning master. The names in everyday fairy tales speak for themselves: Porridge from an axe, a master and a man, an argumentative wife, a seven-year-old daughter, a fool and a birch tree and others...
Teenagers will be interested in everyday and satirical Russian fairy tales (“Good, but Bad,” “Porridge from an Ax,” “Inept Wife”). They talk about the vicissitudes of family life, show ways to resolve conflict situations, and form an attitude of common sense and a healthy sense of humor in relation to adversity.
Social everyday tales arose, according to researchers, in two stages: everyday tales - earlier, with the formation of the family and family life during the decomposition of the clan system, and social ones - with the emergence of class society and the aggravation of social contradictions during the period of early feudalism, especially during the decomposition of serfdom building and during the period of capitalism. The name of everyday fairy tales is reflected primarily in the fact that the plots are based on two important social themes: social injustice and social punishment.
What are everyday fairy tales? In the fairy tale “The Master and the Carpenter,” the master ordered the servants to beat the oncoming carpenter because he himself was coming from the village of Adkova, and the carpenter was coming from the village of Raikova. The carpenter found out where the master lived, hired him to build a house (the master did not recognize him), called him into the forest to select the necessary logs and dealt with him there. The plot of how a man fooled a master is very popular in fairy tales in various forms and variations.
Often children ask to read the same fairy tale many times. Often, they accurately remember the details and do not allow parents to deviate even a step from the text. This is a natural feature of the baby’s mental development. Therefore, Russian fairy tales about animals best convey life experience to young children.