The real name of Yuri Doloruky. Years of the reign of Yuri Dololrukov

Moscow

According to legend, the town was originally located on Red Hill (another name is Shvivaya Gorka), in the area of ​​the late Goncharnaya Sloboda (modern Goncharnaya Street). There was a settlement here no later than the 11th century. but studying this place using archaeological methods is problematic due to the severe destruction of the ancient cultural layer.
As a result of excavation work in 1959-1960. the presence of an ancient Russian “cape” settlement on the territory of the modern Kremlin was established already in the late 1960s. XI century, the remains of an ancient defensive ditch were discovered at the corner of the Grand Kremlin Palace. In the courtyard of the modern building of the Armory, during the restoration of the Kremlin walls, a pavement of crushed stone was discovered in a pit at a depth of six meters - a faint trace of the ancient street descending to Neglinnaya. A lead seal was found on it, stamped in the Kyiv Metropolis between 1091 and 1096. (according to V. Yanin).
On the other side of Borovitsky Hill, a street leading to the pier descended onto the low bank of the Moscow River, in the area of ​​​​the modern Moskvoretskaya embankment (near the Zaryadye cinema).
To the north of the modern Assumption Cathedral there was another street, a wooden pavement created in late 1940s. XI century (according to dendrochronology data approximately in the 1080-1090s).
In various places, traces of ironworking, blacksmithing and tanning craft production were found in the unfortified part of the early city - Posad, which existed in the late 18th century. XI century

GEORGE (YURI) VLADIMIROVICH DOLGORUKY

Yuri (1091-1157) - son of Vladimir Monomakh.

Wives: daughter of Prince Polovetsky, Olga - daughter of the Greek emperor.
Sons: Rostislav, Andrey, Ioan, Gleb, Svyatoslav, Yaroslav, Mstislav, Vasilko, Mikhail, Dmitry (Vsevolod).

Prince of Rostov-Suzdal: 1113 - 1135
From 1135 to 1138, the prince of the Rostov-Suzdal principality was Yaropolk Vladimirovich.

In 1113, Yuri was imprisoned in the Rostov-Suzdal principality. Yuri was the first independent prince of the Rostov-Suzdal principality.

Suzdal

In 1125, after the death of Prince Vladimir Monomakh, Yuri Dolgoruky moved the capital of the Rostov-Suzdal principality from Rostov to Suzdal.
Archaeological excavations made it possible to discover on the western side the remains of a stone civil structure erected simultaneously with the cathedral building, i.e. at the end. XI century It is very possible that the building was the chambers of Yuri and his successors. According to chronicles, Yuri Dolgoruky lived more in Suzdal than in Rostov.
In Suzdal he built and Church of the Savior(mentioned in the chronicle, location unknown for certain).
From this city he went on campaigns and returned to it. Suzdal becomes Yuri's permanent residence. Even in Kyiv, Yuri is surrounded not by Rostovites, but by Suzdal residents.

In the beginning. XIII century Vladimir Bishop Simon, in a letter to the Pechersk monk Polycarp included in the Paterikon, says: “And in his reign, the Christ-loving Vladimer, taking the measure of the divine church of Pechersk, we made the church in the city of Rostov similar to everyone: in height, and in width, and in length... The son that Prince George (Yuri Dolgoruky), hearing from Father Vladimer, the hedgehog about that church was created, and that in his reign built a church in the city of Suzhdal in the same measure. As if after all that time had passed away, all that one had fallen into disintegration, but this one Mother of God abides forever.”
The Laurentian Chronicle names the builder of the first Suzdal temple as Monomakh (in the message about Monomakh’s second trip to the Suzdal region, the foundation of the cathedral in Smolensk is mentioned, but the Suzdal cathedral is not mentioned), and the Paterik says that Monomakh built the temple in Rostov, and the temple in Suzdal was built by Yuri Dolgoruky no later than 1125
The patrons of the first temple were Vladimir Monomakh and Yuri Dolgoruky, the second was Yuri Vsevolodovich.

Suzdal during the time of Yuri turns into the capital of a huge northeastern principality, the borders of which in the north reach White Lake, in the east - to the Volga, in the south the Suzdal principality borders on the Murom-Ryazan lands, and in the west - on Smolensk and Novgorod. The strong and extensive Novgorod Republic begins to reckon with Suzdal, and not with Rostov.
Attempts by the Rostov boyars to regain their political primacy were unsuccessful. The main policy of Yuri Dolgoruky was to preserve and secure this young growing fiefdom for his family and establish its primacy in all of Rus'.

Prince of Pereyaslavl-South: 1132, 1135

Ksnyatin

In 1134, on the Kalyazin land at the confluence of the Nerl River with the Volga (Tver region), Prince Yuri Dolgoruky founded the fortress town of Ksnyatin (Kosnyatin Konstantin) in honor of his son. In the same year, a church was built in the city. In 1148 it was mentioned in chronicles as a fortress on the border of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality and Novgorod land. In 1216 it was ravaged by the Novgorodians, and in 1236 it was destroyed by the Mongol-Tatars. The main blow to Ksnyatin was dealt in 1288 by princely strife. After the burning of Ksnyatyn, the decline of this fortress as a city began. From the end XIV century Ksnyatin is part of the Kashin appanage principality, and in 1459 it was already mentioned as a village. In 1888, the Ksniatyn population was 696 people. After the construction of the Uglich reservoir in 1939, in order to obtain electricity and water supply to the cities and towns of the Kalinin (now Tver) and Yaroslavl regions, as well as to develop shipping and fisheries, the earthworks, the ancient settlement and the old railway line were flooded. The Uglich dam buried not only Kalyazin, as a prosperous city, but also the ancient Russian Ksnyatin.

The borders of the Rostov-Suzdal Principality were:
in the north - Belozero;
in the east - to the Volga;
in the south - Murom and Ryazan lands (Gorodets Meshchersky - the future city of Kasimov);
in the west - the lands of Smolensk and Novgorod.

Prince of Rostov-Suzdal: 1138 – 1149.
Prince Yuri went from Suzdal to Smolensk in 1139. In 1146, Yuri's son John died, his body was brought for burial to Suzdal. In 1148, Yuri's son Gleb Yuryevich set off from Suzdal to help the Chernigov princes against the Kyiv prince Izyaslav. In 1149, Izyaslav “expelled Prince Rostislav from Rus' (Novgorod land) to his father in Suzdal.”

Yuri builds new cities and fortresses in his principality: Moscow (1147), Pereslavl-Zalessky (1152), Yuryev-Polsky (1152), Gorodets Meshchersky (1152, future Kasimov), Dmitrov (1154). ) - in honor of his son Dmitry (Vsevolod), . These cities were considered the property of the prince. The population of the cities was firmly tied to the prince and depended on him. Handicraft production developed rapidly in these cities.

It is believed that in the 1140s. Yuri Dolgoruky received a construction team from the Galician prince Vladimir Volodarovich and began white-stone construction in the principality. The methods of processing block surfaces in Galich and Lesser Poland differ significantly from those used in Pereslavl and Kideksha. Lesser Poland churches do not belong to the cross-domed type at all. Consequently, there is no single logic for the work of the hypothetical Lesser Poland-Galicia-Suzdal artel. Apparently Yuri had his own masters since Monomakh’s times.
As a direct source of the architecture of Yuri Dolgoruky, we can name not Galician or Lesser Poland buildings, but the imperial cathedral in Speyer (this is the traditional spelling; the more modern one is Speyer). The cathedral was built in 1029-1106.

Cathedral in Speyer. View from the west.

All the arguments that can be cited to justify the similarity of Malopolska, Galician and Suzdal churches (masonry of walls and foundations, arcature belts in combination with curbs and carved shafts) are fully applicable to the imperial cathedral:
- at the cathedral in Speyer (as well as at many other Romanesque churches in Western Europe, and at Suzdal churches) we see arcatures, curbs and carved shafts;
- the walls of the Speyer Cathedral, like the walls of the Dolgoruky temples, narrow upward in a ledge-like manner;
- the base of the imperial cathedral on most of the perimeter is a non-profiled ebb (as in Pereslavl and Kideksha);
- the rubble foundations of the temple in Speyer are significantly wider than the walls, as in Galich and Suzdal;
- the method of processing the front surfaces of stone blocks in Speyer is identical to that of Suzdal (and differs significantly from Galician and Lesser Poland);
- in the middle of the cross of the imperial cathedral, a cross-domed scheme with cross-shaped pillars was implemented;
- the style of carving in Pereslavl is much closer to Speyer than to Malopolska.

Under the year 1148, the Novgorod First Chronicle reports: “Nifont went to the Judgment of the world, dividing it to Gyurgevi, and Gyurgi was received with love, and the church of the Holy Mother of God with great consecration, and Novgorod straightened everything, and the guest was all safe, and the ambassador with the celestial to Novgorod, n peace will not be given.” This message suggests that in 1148 a new cathedral was built in the city of Suzdal on the site of the first temple, which was consecrated by the Novgorod bishop Nifont.
Yuri in 1152 did not yet have the right to decorate his temples with sculptural decoration of a zooanthropomorphic type. All that the church allowed him at that time was the “universal” Romanesque ornamental decor “archature-curb-carved shaft”.
Yuri Dolgoruky, having spent many years exploring quarries, began to build his churches in conditions of extremely tense relations with the Kyiv metropolitan and the Rostov bishop.
During the times of Yuri, Andrei, and Vsevolod, there were no dioceses in the cities of Vladimir and Suzdal, and church leadership in the Suzdal land was carried out by the Rostov bishop. The diocese in Vladimir appeared only under Yuri Vsevolodovich, in 1214.
In cities that were not the centers of dioceses, there were “lordly governors” subordinate to the bishop. The opening of a new church required a bishop's blessing, and it was also required for the approval of a priest, although a candidate could be nominated by a ktitor - in this case, the prince. The ktitor could also initiate the removal of priests he disliked, but, again, the consent of the bishop was required.
Bishop of Rostov in the early 1150s. was Nestor. We do not know exactly when and by whom he was appointed to the department. M.D. Priselkov believed that Nestor’s consecration took place in 1137, i.e. even before the election of Klim Smolyatich as metropolitan (1147). The researcher’s argument boiled down to the following: Nestor could not have been installed at the department later than 1139, since in that year Vsevolod Olgovich, with whom Dolgoruky had enmity, became the Grand Duke of Kyiv. And since in 1137 the Smolensk diocese separated from the Pereyaslav diocese, the researcher saw it as likely that the Rostov diocese (also from Pereyaslavl) also separated at the same time. N.N. Voronin accepted this view and dated Nestor's consecration to 1137.
In 1147, the cathedral installed Clement as the Russian metropolis. M.D. Priselkov believed that Rostov Bishop Nestor “did not respond to the prince’s invitation,” and N.N. Voronin - that by his absence from the council, Nestor “showed indifference in the case of Klim Smolyatich.” But, of course, the situation of an actual civil war would not allow the Rostov bishop to “show indifference” and ignore such an important event. In fact, the answer to this question is much simpler and more logical: the Rostov diocese did not yet exist.

Grand Duke of Kiev: 1149-1151

In 1147, Svyatoslav Olgovich, with the help of Yuri Dolgoruky, first regained the Vyatichi region, and then other cities. His possessions then included Novgorod-Seversky, Putivl, Lyubech, Uten, Belovezha, Vyahan, Vsevolozh, Moraviysk and cities in the land of the Vyatichi. Now he opposes Izyaslav Mstislavich in alliance with Yuri.
In alliance with the Olgovichi against Izyaslav, Yuri occupied Kyiv for a short time twice in 1150 and was expelled twice.

STARODUB

The city was founded in 1152 by Yuri Dolgoruky.

GOROKHOVETS

Gorokhovets was founded presumably in the 12th century. Yuri Dolgoruky, and subsequently became a fortress on the outskirts of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality.
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Zvenigorod

Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky and Savva Storozhevsky in Zvenigorod

In written sources, Zvenigorod was first mentioned in the spiritual letter of the Moscow Prince Ivan Danilovich Kalita, dating back to 1339: “And behold, I give to my son Ivan: Zvenigorod.”
A number of historians believe that it is ancient - founded in the 11th-12th centuries, i.e. The name of the house “Zvenigorod” is also found in earlier sources. In a number of sources, the founding of Zvenigorod is attributed to Yuri Dolgoruky. However, most experts adhere to the version that Zvenigorod was founded by settlers from the Galician and Kyiv lands: two cities with that name existed in the southern principalities of pre-Mongol Rus', and they were mentioned in the chronicles of that time.
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YURIEV-POLSKY

In 1152, at the confluence of two rivers - Koloksha and Gzy, Yuri built a fortress -. Yuryev belonged to a less common type of round fortress, designed for all-round defense. Initially, the city developed around an earthen rampart and had the direction of streets subordinate to the direction of the rampart and rivers.
The fortress housed a princely or voivode's court, an official hut, barns, cellars and other government buildings; the settlement was located outside the rampart.
It is under construction in Yuryev.
In the beginning. XIII century The first appanage prince of Yuriev becomes the grandson of Yuri Dolgoruky, the son of Vsevolod the Big Nest - Svyatoslav (1197-1256). Under him, the city takes on a new face: on the site of the St. George Church, built under Yuri in the southern part of the city, in 1230-1234. a new white-stone St. George's Cathedral is being built, on the outside - from the base to the head - richly decorated with carvings and at the northern gate leading to Rostov, the princely monastery of St. Michael the Archangel.

Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Yuryev-Polsky

PERESLAVL-ZALESSKY

In 1152, Yuri Dolgoruky, having settled residents near Lake Kleshchin (Lake Pleshcheyevo), found a monastic monastery on one of the hills and near it the town of Kleshchin (see), surrounded by a high earthen rampart. He founded a stone church in it in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord (see.). But then Yuri ordered to move the town and the church built in it to the bank of a small river called Trubezh.

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral in Pereslavl-Zalessky

The sudden death of the prince suspended the organization of the city and the final construction of the white stone Church of the Transfiguration. Only under his son Andrei Bogolyubsky was it finally rebuilt and decorated “in Pereslavl new.”

Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Pereslavl-Zalessky

KOSTROMA

There is no chronicle information about the time of the founding of Kostroma. Tatishchev attributed its foundation to Yuri Dolgoruky and dated it to 1152. There is no doubt that Kostroma was founded in the 12th century; The chronicler who first mentioned it in 1214 calls it already a significant city, on which the Rostov prince Konstantin turned his revenge in the struggle for the grand-ducal table with Yuri of Vladimir. Cm. .

Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Kostroma

GALICH

Galich was founded as a fortified point in the 2nd half. XII century, during the reign of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, who at that time strengthened the borders of the Rostov-Suzdal principality; 1159 is usually mentioned as the founding date. At this time, Galich was called upon to play the role of an outpost of North-Eastern Rus' in the development of the North and Vyatka land. In Russian chronicles, Galich was first mentioned in 1238, when the Tatars came to Rus', who “captured everything along the Volga and even to Galich Mersky.” In 1246, Galich became the capital of an independent principality, formed after the death of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. The first prince of Galich was Konstantin Yaroslavich - the son of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, brother of Alexander Nevsky. In 1255 he died and Galich began to be ruled by an independent prince, his son David Konstantinovich. The Nikon Chronicle reports that in 1280 “the great prince David Konstantinovich of Galich and Dmitrov passed away.” Thus, Galich in the second half of the 13th century. was the center of the princely volost. In the second half. XIII - XV centuries The Galich principality owned vast lands in the basins of the Galich and Chukhloma lakes, along the left bank of the Volga, the Kostroma River and its tributaries, along the middle reaches of the Unzha and Vetluga rivers.

TOWN OF MESHCHERSKY

In 1152, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, among the swamps and forests of Meshchera at the confluence of the Babenka River with the Oka, on its steep bank, erected a small border fortress, called Gorodets Meshchersky (future Kasimov). This fortress stood for almost two and a half centuries, protecting the Oka fords and climbs from uninvited steppe nomads, until it itself became a victim of ruin. In 1372, the Golden Horde Khan Begich burned the rebellious fortress to the ground. The fire completely destroyed the town and its inhabitants. The town was rebuilt further upstream. Cm. .

SMALL KITEZH

In 1152, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky founded Maly Kitezh (modern Gorodets in the Nizhny Novgorod region). This is reported in the Suprasl Chronicle: “And the city of Kideshka fell to the same Gorodots on the Volga” (Complete collection of Russian chronicles. Vol. XVII, p. 26).

KITEZH-GRAD

The village of Kideksha outside Suzdal, ancient, pre-Slavic. It stands in the middle of a field, near the mouth of the Kamenka River. Here this river with a rocky bottom merges with the Nerlya, which flows into Klyazma. According to legend, in this place there was a meeting of two holy brothers - princes Boris of Rostov and Gleb of Murom, who were traveling at the call of their father, Prince Vladimir the Red Sun. Subsequently, both of them were killed by another brother - Svyatopolk the Accursed.

A princely residence with chambers and the white stone Church of Boris and Gleb was built in Kideksha.

Church of Boris and Gleb in Kideksha

The Church of Boris and Gleb in the village of Kideksha was built in 1152. It is a small 4-pillar, single-domed temple made of white limestone, built using the semi-ruble masonry technique. The facades are decorated with a carved arcature belt, a row of curbs, and a triple ledge of zakomars. The Church of Boris and Gleb and the Transfiguration Cathedral belong to the initial stage of white stone construction.
It has been established that the Church of Boris and Gleb, as a court temple, had a passage connecting it with the wooden princely tower. Cutting through the rampart in the western part of the settlement showed that it was poured no earlier than the Ser. XII century using the cultural layer with ceramics of the 11th-12th centuries that had already been deposited here. The early medieval settlement arose no earlier than the 11th century. on the site of the early Meryan and even earlier Dyakovo settlements, which were also fortified, but had a smaller area.
Of great interest are the fragments of early plymph. XII century, tsemyanki and fragments of wall paintings of the same time, found near the walls of the Church of Boris and Gleb. These finds suggest that on the site of this church back in the beginning. In the 12th century, probably during the reign of Vladimir Monomakh, there was a brick temple painted with frescoes. Probably already at the beginning. XII century under Vladimir Monomakh, there was a princely residence here, which can be associated with the construction of a brick (plinth) temple. Under Yuri Dolgoruky, fortifications were erected, the remains of which have survived to this day, and the temple of Boris and Gleb was built, which was subsequently rebuilt several times. In the late Middle Ages, on the site of the settlement there was a monastery and a settlement, which over time became the village of Kideksha.
Over the centuries, the temple deteriorated, the upper tier in the eastern part collapsed. In the 60s XVII century The surviving part was covered with a four-pitched roof with a decorative onion dome, and new windows were cut through. In the 18th century Near the temple they built an elegant Holy Gate with a fence, a warm Stefanievskaya refectory church and a tented bell tower.
The temple preserves fragments of fresco painting from the 12th century, the tomb of Yuri Dolgoruky's son, Prince Boris, his wife and daughter.

Deesis
Wall art. XVIII-XIX centuries
Prince Boris (son of Yuri Dolgoruky), who died in 1159, was buried in this arcasolium.
Tombstone slab. 17th century “On the summer of 7114 (1606) August 18, the servant of God, the prince and elder Isaiah Petrov, reposed in memory of the holy martyr Florus and Laurus.”

In the rubble of building materials (the Boris and Gleb Church partially collapsed in the 17th century and was restored), archaeologists discovered an elegant white stone column with carvings. There is a version that this is one of the legs of the throne, built at the same time as the temple itself. The throne is the central place of the temple, on which the main sacrament of worship is performed - the transformation of bread and wine with water into the true Flesh and Blood of Christ. In the Church of Boris and Gleb it was a table with a stone base, four legs and a top slab. Such thrones were previously found only in the cathedral of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, in Sofia Novgorod and in one of the churches of Ladoga.
Near the base of the altar barrier, a stone bench (sintron) was discovered, running along the wall of the temple, on which bishops sat during services. Archaeologists uncovered stone slabs between the northern wall and the column of the temple, which could have served as a stand for the sarcophagus of Yuri Dolgoruky’s granddaughter Euphrosyne (the prince’s son Boris Yuryevich, his wife and daughter were buried in the temple).
Other finds inside the church include the base of the iconostasis, fragments of frescoes depicting “towels” on the lower parts of the pillars and walls of the temple, and 12th-century carvings. The brightness of the azure and pink colors, the richness of the ornamentation of the frescoes preserved in the ground and construction waste testify to the beauty of the entire interior decoration of the 12th century temple.
Some time later, at the beginning. XIII century, a new brick floor was laid in the temple. For what? There is an assumption that it was laid immediately after the Tatar-Mongol invasion in order to hide the floor desecrated by the infidels. It was at this time that the chronicle notes the renovation and new consecration of the church by Metropolitan Kirill.
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PREMYSH MOSCOW

Satino-Tatarskoye (Podolsky district). Settlement Peremyshl Moskovsky (Gorodok, Rodnevskoe), 11-13, 14-17 centuries. It is believed that the foundation of Przemysl is associated with Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. According to V.N. Tatishchev, the city was founded in 1152. It was located on the right bank of the Mocha River west of the current village of Dmitrovo in the Troitsky administrative district of Moscow. Around the ramparts and ditches of the city there are nine villages, which were once trade and craft settlements.
Most likely, the fortress in Przemysl was built between 1339 (the first mention in a source that has reached us) and 1370, which is confirmed by archaeological excavations. The location of the fortress seems to be very advantageous from a strategic point of view.
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MOSCOW

Yuri since the 30s. (after Yaropolk Vladimirovich) fought for Pereslavl Yuzhny and Kyiv. He fought for the Kiev throne against his nephews (Monomakhovichs) Izyaslav and Rostislav, Mstislavovichs.
In 1136, in Novgorod the Great there was a revolt of the masses, as a result of which Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich was expelled from Novgorod, and Svyatoslav Olgovich, hostile to the Monomakhovichs, was invited in his place.
In 1147, Yuri Dolgoruky, against Izyaslav, the great prince of Kyiv (1146-1154), entered into an alliance with Svyatoslav Olgovich, for which he invited him to Moscow. The first reliable chronicle mention is considered to be the indication in the Ipatiev Chronicle on Saturday April 4, 1147, when the Rostov-Suzdal prince Yuri Dolgoruky received his friends and allies, led by the Novgorod-Seversk prince Svyatoslav Olgovich, in a town called Moscow. At that time, Moscow was a boyar estate, confiscated by the prince.
One of the seemingly ordinary episodes of that time was the feast organized by Yuri Dolgoruky in honor of the Prince of Novgorod Svyatoslav. Success was noted in ruining the relatives of their common enemy Izyaslav. Yuri Dolgoruky was given a beautiful living leopard, and in return his brother and his boyars were generously rewarded. “This treat is memorable,” Karamzin testifies, “It took place in Moscow. Unfortunately, modern chroniclers do not mention its curious beginning for us, because they could not foresee that a poor and barely known town in the remote land of Suzdal would eventually become the head of the most extensive monarchy in the world. At least we know that Moscow existed in 1147, March 28, and we can believe the newest chroniclers that George was its builder. They say that this prince, having arrived on the banks of the Moscow River, in the village of the wealthy boyar Kuchka, Stepan Ivanovich, ordered him to be killed for some kind of insolence and, captivated by the beauty of the place, founded a city there; and he married his son Andrei, who reigned in Suzdal Vladimir, to the lovely daughter of an executed boyar. “Moscow is the third Rome,” these narrators say, and there will not be a fourth. The Capitol was founded on the spot where a bloody human head was found: Moscow was also founded on blood and, to the amazement of our enemies, became a famous kingdom.” For a long time it was called Kuchkov.”
“The Great Prince Yuri Vladimirovich himself climbed the mountain and, looking out from it with his eyes, saw the small city of Drevyan, nicknamed it by the name of the Toya River...”

Founding of Moscow by Yuri Dolgoruky. Artist A.M. Vasnetsov.

Construction of the Kremlin walls in 1156
Prince Yuri Dolgoruky is the first prince who took up the fight against paganism in Moscow.
Since the founding of Moscow, the sanctuary of Veles and Kupala was located on Borovitsky Hill and was highly revered by the surrounding residents. But during the time of Yuri Dolgoruky, the last Vyatichi pagan principality and Moscow itself were annexed to the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. Vedic sanctuaries began to be rebuilt as Christian temples. Then, according to church tradition, “on the ashes of the Kupala fire,” that is, on the site of the Kupala sanctuary, the wooden Church of John the Baptist, “which is on the forest,” was founded. The chronicler claimed that this temple was “the first church in Moscow.” The construction of the Christian temple changed little, because the Veles Stone was still located nearby, to which Muscovites flocked on holidays.
In 1156, Andrei Bogolyubsky, at the direction of Yuri, erected here a new wooden fortress on Borovitsky Hill (according to legend, the former village of Kuchkovo), relatively small (the perimeter of its walls was about 510 meters). A detachment of the princely squad was stationed here to protect the Suzdal principality from its western neighbors.
In 1177, the fortress was burned by the Ryazan prince Gleb, but it was quickly restored. Probably, Moscow was already acquiring the importance of a shopping center and growing rich at that time.

Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Moscow

In 1208, in the vicinity of Moscow, Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich of Vladimir defeated the troops of Mikhail Vsevoldovich Pronsky and Izyaslav Vladimirovich, princes of Pronsky.
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MIKULIN

There is a version that the Mikulin fortress was built by Yuri Dolgoruky.
Mikulin, an ancient Russian city is the name of an ancient Russian city, within the ancient Przemysl land, where the city of Mikulintsy is now located. Mentioned for the first time in the teachings of Monomakh.
The news of the chronicle (under 1144) that Mikulin during the war between Vsevolod Olgovich and Volodymyr Galitsky was occupied by Vsevolod’s ally, Izyaslav, gave Zubritsky a reason to look for it on the Zgara River (Buzh Basin) and consider it a Galician city, which is hardly reasonable.

PREMYSH KALUGA

Przemysl was first mentioned in 1328, in 1776 it received the status of a city, and since 1925 - a rural settlement.
From the descendants of local princes come the princely families of Vorotynsky and Gorchakov, the first of whom contributed to the decoration of their estate with temples. See the Assumption Cathedral in Przemysl

DMITROV

Monument to the founder of Dmitrov - Yuri Dolgoruky

The city of Dmitrov was founded in 1154 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in the swampy valley of the Yakhroma River on the site of Slavic settlements that previously existed here and was named in honor of the holy great martyr - the heavenly patron of Yuri Dolgoruky's son, Vsevolod, who was born that year.
In 1181 it was mentioned in the chronicle as one of the fortified points on the outskirts of the Vladimir-Suzdal land. Dmitrov was not only of strategic importance as a border fortress, but also of economic importance. From here, along the rivers Yakhroma and Sestra, there was a waterway to the upper reaches of the Volga; by land, the city was connected with the upper reaches of the Klyazma, from where goods could be delivered to Vladimir. However, the trade route along Yakhroma and Sestra was able to fully realize itself only in the 15th-16th centuries, connecting with the Volga not Vladimir, but Moscow, which was largely due to political instability in the region, which was eliminated only after the unification of Rus'.
In 1180, during the war between Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich and Vsevolod, the Big Nest of Dmitrov was burned by the Chernigov prince. It soon recovered from the ruin and by 1214 it was already a large city with suburbs, and belonged to Yaroslav Vladimirovich. Then Vsevolod’s son Vladimir approached him with an army recruited in Moscow. It was not possible to take the city; moreover, during the enemy’s retreat, the Dmitrov residents defeated one of his detachments.

In 1155, Yuri, by right of being the eldest in his family, entered Kyiv as the Grand Duke.
OK. 1155 Svyatoslav Olgovich received Mozyr from his ally. At the same time he became the ruler of Chernigov, but soon lost Chernigov. After the death of Yuri (1157), under an agreement with the new Grand Duke Izyaslav Davydovich, he again received the Chernigov land, and Novgorod-Seversky transferred it to Svyatoslav Vsevolodich.

In 1155, Yuri Dolgoruky expelled the "illegal" Kyiv. The Patriarchate of Constantinople appointed a new Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus' to the Kyiv metropolitan see.
For loyalty in supporting his policies and for supporting Bishop Niphon during the Kyiv schism, the Patriarch of Constantinople granted autonomy to the Novgorod See. Novgorodians began to elect bishops from among the local clergy at their meeting. Thus, in 1156, the Novgorodians for the first time independently elected Arkady as Archbishop, and in 1228 they removed Archbishop Arseny.
In 1156, Yuri Dolgoruky initiated the removal of the Rostov Bishop Nestor by the new Metropolitan Constantine. The Greek Constantine, who had just been sent from Byzantium, naturally, without the insistence of the Grand Duke, would not have made such a hasty decision to remove the Rostov bishop.

VLADIMIR on Klyazma (VLADIMIR-ZALESSKY)

St. George's Church in Vladimir was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky at his Grand Duke's court, and the construction of the white-stone temple was completed already in 1157 by his son, the holy noble Grand Duke Andrei Bogolyubsky.
At the St. George Church there was a monastery (Egoryevsky Monastery), the foundation of which dates back to 1153. It is mentioned in chronicles in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was first founded as a nunnery, and then acted as a monastery for men.
Art critic N.N. Voronin considers the date of construction of the church of St. George in Vladimir in 1157, that is, the beginning of its construction under Yuri Dolgoruky, and the construction was already completed by the masters of his son, Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky.
Yuri chose a very beautiful place for the princely court and temple in honor of his saint on the high bank of the Klyazma, from where a wonderful view opened across the meadows and forests beyond the river. The temple itself, towering above the area, was visible from afar.
Until the beginning XVIII century The temple was a cathedral church, although it was significantly rebuilt, apparently, in the 16th century. After the fire of 1778, the building fell into complete disrepair, on the old foundation in 1783-1784. a new church was erected, typical of the con. XVIII century

Church of St. George the Victorious in Vladimir

In plan, it exactly repeats the building of 1157 and some of its details, and certain parts of the ancient walls were included in the new masonry. In order to study the monument, special excavations were carried out in various parts of the building, and they helped scientists prove that the basis of the new temple, which had been almost ignored for a long time, was an ancient church founded by Yuri Dolgoruky. It was a one-domed, four-pillar stone temple, which immediately after construction was completed was painted by ancient Russian isographs. Unfortunately, no traces of ancient frescoes were found in the temple.
Cm. .

Perhaps the blessing of zooanthropomorphic sculptures on churches was even one of the conditions set by the Grand Duke in negotiations with Byzantium about the arrival of Metropolitan Constantine. This means that the appearance of zooanthropomorphic sculptural decoration in the Suzdal land is primarily the merit not of Bogolyubsky, but of Dolgoruky. Thus, all the characteristic features of what we call “Russian romance” appeared in Suzdal (and then in both the Tver and Moscow great principalities) solely thanks to Yuri Dolgoruky. And the architecture of Andrei Bogolyubsky was as natural, progressive development of Yuri’s truly innovative architecture as the architecture of Vsevolod the Big Nest was of Andrei’s architecture.
Before his death, Dolgoruky asks Frederick Barbarossa for craftsmen. First, the masters are sent by Friedrich to Yuri, then the masters come to his son Andrey in Vladimir. From a message by V.N. Tatishchev follows that they built, at a minimum, the Assumption Cathedral and the Golden Gate in Vladimir. We do not know when exactly the construction of the Golden Gate began (their approximate dating is 1158-1164). But regarding the Assumption Cathedral, it is known for certain that it was founded on April 8, 1158.
From Barbarossa came masters of sculptural decoration and, possibly, an architect. But if the arrival of the latter took place, then rather narrow tasks were set before him:
development of decorative iconography and supervision of relevant craftsmen;
increasing the size and improving the quality of buildings.

In 1157, on May 15, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky was poisoned during a feast at one of the Kievites named Petrila, who was an osmenik, i.e. senior over eight warriors. His death led to robberies of the courtyards of both the prince himself and other Suzdal residents. After the riot subsided, the people of Kiev began to expect retribution from Prince Andrei. But he was in no hurry to go to Kyiv with a sword in order to establish himself on the “golden” Kiev throne by force, like his predecessors. He remained in the northeast in order to create a new capital of Rus' here, based on a policy of strengthening unified and absolute power.

1149 - 1154 - Vasilko Yurievich was the prince of Suzdal-Rostov . Mstislav Vladimirovich the Great. 1093 - 1095 - Prince of Rostov-Suzdal.
- . 1096
. 1096-1113 and 1135 - 1138 - Prince of Rostov-Suzdal.
Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
. 1149-1154 - Prince of Suzdal-Rostov.
Vladimir Rus'
1155-1169 - Prince of Suzdal-Rostov. Since 1169, the capital was moved to Vladimir. 1169–1174 - Prince of Vladimir.

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