The population of Kamchatka for the year is the number. Indigenous people of Kamchatka

1.1 Geographical location

The Kamchatka Territory is part of the Far Eastern Federal District and occupies the Kamchatka Peninsula with the adjacent mainland, as well as the Commander and Karaginsky Islands.

The Kamchatka Territory borders in the northwest with the Magadan Region, in the north with the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and in the south with the Sakhalin Region. From the east, Kamchatka is washed by the waters of the Pacific Ocean, from the northeast by the waters of the Bering Sea, and from the west by the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk.

1.2. Territory

The area of the territory is 464.3 thousand square meters. km (2.7% of the area of the Russian Federation), of which 292.6 thousand square meters. km occupies the Koryak district, and extends from south to north for almost 1600 km. The administrative center is the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

1.3. Climate

The climate is mainly temperate monsoon, in the center – temperate continental, in the north – subarctic; the average January temperature on the Kamchatka Peninsula is -15.5 °C, on the adjacent part of the mainland -25 °C, the average July temperature is +13.2 °C; precipitation amount is up to 1000 mm per year. In the north of the region there is permafrost, over 400 glaciers.

1.4. Population

The population of the region as of January 1, 2017 was 314.7 thousand people (0.2% of the population of the Russian Federation).

Population density – 0.7 people per 1 sq. km, which is 13 times lower than in Russia as a whole. The population is distributed extremely unevenly throughout the region - from 0.02 people per 1 sq. km in the Penzhinsky district up to 555 people per 1 sq. km in Elizovo. The majority of the population lives in the cities of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Elizovo, Vilyuchinsk and the valleys of the Avacha and Kamchatka rivers.

The share of the urban population is 78.0% (245.6 thousand people), the rural population is 22.0% (70.1 thousand people).

The economically active population was (according to a population survey on employment problems) 183.1 thousand people (58.2% of the total population of the region).

In 2016, the number of residents of the region decreased by 1,387 people. The population decline is due to migration outflow. The migration population decline in 2016 was 1,805 people, the natural increase was 418 people.

In 2016, 4,057 children were born, which is 93 babies or 2.2% less than the previous year. The overall birth rate for the region as a whole was 12.9% (the average for Russia is 12.9%). 3,639 people died, which is 0.03% less than in 2015. The average annual mortality rate was 11.6% (the Russian average is 12.9%).

There are 134 nationalities living in the region: the Russian population is the largest in the region (85.9%), the second largest population is occupied by Ukrainians (3.9%), the third are Koryaks (2.3%), Tatars, Belarusians, Itelmens, Chukchi, Evens, Koreans, etc.

Standards of living

In 2016, in the Kamchatka Territory, due to the lag in the growth rate of wages and per capita cash income from the rate of inflation processes, indicators of the population's standard of living were reduced.

Average per capita cash income in 2016 was at the level of 39,866.2 rubles, real cash income amounted to 89.6%.

The average nominal accrued wages in the Kamchatka Territory in 2016 amounted to 59,922.8 rubles, real wages - 96.8%.

The share of the population with monetary incomes below the subsistence level increased in 2016 to 19.5% compared to 19.2% in 2015.

1.5. Administrative division

The Kamchatka Territory includes 87 settlements, including:

· cities of regional subordination – 3 (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Vilyuchinsk, Elizovo);

· urban-type settlements – 1 (urban settlement Palana);

· workers’ settlements – 1 (Vulkanny settlement);

· rural settlements – 82.

Kamchatka Territory includes 66 municipalities. Including 3 have the status of “City District”:

· Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky urban district;

· Vilyuchinsky urban district;

· Urban district "Palana village";

11 have the status of “Municipal district”:

· Aleutsky municipal district;

· Bystrinsky municipal district;

· Elizovsky municipal district;

· Milkovsky municipal district;

· Sobolevsky municipal district;

· Ust-Bolsheretsky municipal district;

· Ust-Kamchatsky municipal district;

· Karaginsky municipal district;

· Olyutorsky municipal district;

· Penzhinsky municipal district;

· Tigilsky municipal district.

One of the regions of the region - Aleutian - is located on the Commander Islands.

Karaginsky, Olyutorsky, Penzhinsky and Tigilsky municipal districts are part of the territory with a special status of the Koryak Okrug.

The municipal districts include 5 urban settlements and 47 rural settlements.

The territory of the Kamchatka Territory could accommodate 4 European states: England, Portugal, Belgium and Luxembourg combined.

1.6. Political parties

There are 26 regional branches of all-Russian political parties registered in the Kamchatka Territory. The most active and numerous are:

Kamchatka regional branch of the All-Russian political party "UNITED RUSSIA";

Kamchatka regional branch of the political party “Liberal Democratic Party of Russia”;

Kamchatka regional branch of the political party “Communist Party of the Russian Federation”;

Regional branch of the political party "A JUST RUSSIA" in the Kamchatka Territory.

Coat of arms of Kamchatka region

Flag It is a rectangular panel of two horizontal stripes: the upper one is white, the lower one is blue. The stripe width ratio is 2:1. In the roof there is an image of the figures of the coat of arms of the Kamchatka Territory.

Anthem of the Kamchatka Territory

Words by B.S. Dubrovin, music by Honored Artist of Russia E.I. Morozova. Performers – Kamchatka Choir Chapel, Moscow Symphony Orchestra “Globalis” (conductor – People's Artist of Russia Pavel Ovsyannikov). Approved by the Law of the Kamchatka Territory dated 03/05/2010 No. 397 “On the anthem of the Kamchatka Territory”.

1.8. Brief historical background

For the first time, the administrative status of Kamchatka was defined as an independent Kamchatka region within the Irkutsk province by the Personal Decree of August 11, 1803 “On the structure of regional government in Kamchatka.” The territory included Nizhnekamchatsky district and Okhotsk district of the Gizhiginsky district. By decree of April 9, 1812, “The present regional government in Kamchatka is too extensive and complex for that region” was abolished. The head of Kamchatka was appointed from among the officers of the naval department and his location was determined by the port of Petropavlovsk.

By the Highest Decree of the Governing Senate, the Kamchatka region was re-established on December 2, 1849: “From the parts subordinate to the Kamchatka Coastal Administration and the Gizhiginsky District, a special region will be formed, which will be called the Kamchatka region.” The first governor of the Kamchatka region was Major General (later Rear Admiral) Vasily Stepanovich Zavoiko. The heroic defense of Petropavlovsk from the Anglo-French squadron in August 1854 is directly connected with his name.

In 1856, in connection with changes in Russian policy in the Far East, the Petropavlovsk District was formed as part of the Primorsky Region. The administrative status of an independent region was returned to Kamchatka in 1909. By this time, the region consisted of 6 counties, occupying the entire northeast, and included an area of about 1360 thousand square meters. km.

On November 10, 1922, Soviet power was established in the region in the person of the Regional Revolutionary Committee, and the territory was renamed the Kamchatka province.

Since January 1, 1926, the Kamchatka Okrug, consisting of 8 districts (Anadyrsky, Karaginsky, Penzhinsky, Petropavlovsky, Tigilsky, Ust-Kamchatsky, Ust-Bolsheretsky, Chukotsky), has been included in the Far Eastern Territory.

By a resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on November 22, 1932, the Kamchatka province (district) was reorganized into the Kamchatka region as part of the Far Eastern Territory.

In October 1938, the Kamchatka region, after another administrative-territorial division, became part of the Khabarovsk Territory with 13 districts, the Koryak and Chukotka national districts.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on January 23, 1956, the Kamchatka region, together with the Koryak district, was separated from the Khabarovsk Territory as an independent administrative entity of the RSFSR.

The separation of the Kamchatka region into an independent administrative-territorial unit contributed to the acceleration of the growth of its productive forces, social and cultural construction. The Pauzhetskaya geothermal power plant, the Avachinsky fur farm, and two fur farms were put into operation. The sanatorium of All-Union significance “Nachiki” was built. In 1961, the television center began operating. In 1962, the Institute of Volcanology of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences was organized. In 1967, Tralflot, Okeanrybflot, and Kamchatrybflot were organized.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 17, 1967, the Kamchatka region was awarded the Order of V.I. Lenin.

The Kamchatka Territory was formed on July 1, 2007 as a result of the merger of the Kamchatka Region and the Koryak Autonomous Okrug in accordance with the Federal Constitutional Law of July 12, 2006 No. 2-FKZ “On the formation of a new subject of the Russian Federation within the Russian Federation as a result of the unification of the Kamchatka Region and the Koryak Autonomous Okrug "

The administrative center of the Kamchatka Territory is the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, which is an international sea and air port. Formed in 1740 (the year the port was founded). Approved by the city in 1812 with the name Peter and Paul Port. In 1924 it was renamed the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

By decree of the President of the Russian Federation on November 3, 2011, the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky was awarded the honorary title “City of Military Glory”. In 2016, a stele of the City of Military Glory was erected in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Compared to other Russian regions, Kamchatka is one of the least populated areas of the country - there are about 16 km 2 of territory per person. Moreover, almost 85% of the population are urban residents, so the actual density of people living on the peninsula is even lower.

In Kamchatka there are people of 176 nationalities, ethnic groups and nationalities. In first place are Russians, who account for about 252 thousand people, which corresponds to 83% of the total population. In second place in number are Ukrainians, whose percentage reaches 3.5%, and third place goes to the Koryaks, the indigenous population of the peninsula. They account for slightly more than 2% of the population.

The number of other nationalities and nationalities, both indigenous and migrants, living in Kamchatka is much more modest. The share of each of these nationalities does not even reach 0.75% of the total population of the peninsula. These nationalities include Itelmens, Tatars, Belarusians, also Evens, Kamchadals, Aleuts, Koreans and Chukchi.

The number of people inhabiting Kamchatka reaches 360 thousand, most of whom live in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. People are mainly settled along the coast, which is explained by favorable conditions and the fishing specialization of the peninsula. Thus, the Koryaks mainly inhabit the northern and central parts of the region, and the Itelmens occupy the southwestern regions of the peninsula. The Evens created compact groups and settled in the Olyutorsky, Bystrinsky and Penzhinsky regions, the Aleuts live in the Aleutian region (Bering Island), and the Chukchi inhabit the north of the peninsula in the Penzhinsky and Olyutorsky regions.

The total number of people representing this nationality is close to 8,000, of which about 6.6 thousand people live in Kamchatka. For the most part, these people inhabit the Koryak district, Magadan region and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

The Koryaks now speak Russian, but their historical language is Koryak, which is a branch of the Chukchi-Kamchatka language family.

Representatives of this nation are divided into two ethnic groups: tundra and coastal Koryaks.

Tundra Koryaks (their self-name sounds like Chavchuvens - i.e. reindeer herders) lead a nomadic lifestyle in the tundra, at the same time raising reindeer. These animals provided people with everything they needed: meat for food, skins for making clothes, and also for building yarangs (portable dwellings). The bones of deer among the Chavuchen were used for tools and household items, and the fat was used for lighting yarangs. In addition, it was with the help of reindeer that people moved across the tundra. Within the nationality there is a division into several subethnic groups: Parens, Apukins, Kamenets and Intans.

Coastal Koryaks (whose self-name is Namylany) are distinguished by a sedentary lifestyle and fishing. To catch fish, the Namylans used nets made from nettle fibers; they went to sea on kayaks covered with animal skins. The native language of this people is Alyutor. The Namylans are divided into Alyutors, Palans and Karagins.

The Koryaks are known for their home crafts: they carved bones, wood, worked metals, weaved, embroidered with beads, made carpets from deer skins, and sewed national clothes.

Koryak believers are mostly Orthodox Christians, however, with strong residual vestiges of shamanism. These people live in yarangas - special portable tents.

Itelmens

Another nationality of Kamchatka, considered indigenous, are the Itelmens. Their total number is about 3.2 thousand people, of which 2.4 thousand live in the Kamchatka Territory, and the rest inhabit the Magadan Region. The Itelmens most densely populated the Tigil and Milkovsky districts of the Kamchatka Territory, as well as Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The language spoken by representatives of this nationality is Russian, but the traditional dialect of the Itelmen is Itelmen, which is currently considered dying. It belongs to the Itelmen branch of the Chukchi-Kamchatka language family.

As for religion, the Itelmens are considered Orthodox Christians, but, as in the case of the Koryaks, with strong remnants of ancient cultures.

In ancient times, the Itelmens settled mainly on the banks of rivers, since the main occupation of the people was fishing. The Itelmens also hunted a lot of foxes, bears, sables, and mountain sheep. Sea animals also became their prey: sea otters, sea lions, and seals. The second place in the activity of the Itelmens was the procurement of wild herbs and roots. These people lived in winter and summer, as well as in temporary and permanent dwellings.

The Itelmens made clothes from foxes, sables, eurasians, dog skin, and bighorn sheep. Wardrobe items were distinguished by the presence of numerous tassels made of ermine, many edges located along the hood, collar, sleeves and hems.

Kamchadal

Another subethnic group of Kamchatka, considered indigenous, is the Kamchadals. They are considered an offshoot of Russian nationality, since they are descendants of the first Russian settlers of the peninsula. There are about 1.9 thousand representatives of this nationality, 1.6 thousand of whom inhabit Kamchatka, and about 300 people live in the Magadan region.

This group began to take shape in the mid-18th century and became larger and larger as Russian settlers settled the peninsula. The way of life and economic system were adopted by the Russians from the local residents.

The language of the Kamchadals is guttural, very different from the language of the Koryaks. By the mid-19th century, the Kamchadals spoke three dialects, one of which was widespread in the valley of the Kamchatka River, and the second in the valleys of two rivers (Bystraya and Bolshaya), very mixed with Russian. The third, Penzhin dialect, is considered the purest. Now the Kamchadals speak Russian, are baptized and live in huts similar to Russian ones.

The neighbors of the Koryaks on the northern side were the Chukchi or “reindeer people”, some of whom moved to the Kamchatka Peninsula. The Chukchi hunted waterfowl and game with bows and arrows. They also had harpoons and spears in their arsenal. Not only deer, but also dog sleds were used as a means of transportation.

The Chukchi are distinguished by excellent seafaring skills, using canoes for two to three dozen people to move around bodies of water. The square sails used when the wind was blowing were made of reindeer chamois, and seal skins inflated with air gave the ship greater stability when traveling on waves.

In the summer months, the Chukchi went on fishing expeditions to hunt on the Anadyr River and traded with the Eskimos.

This small nation was called Lamut, and the self-name of the ethnic group “Evyn”, that is, a local resident, formed the basis for the name of the nation. The Evens inhabit the territory of the Tigil and Bystrinsky districts of the Kamchatka region, speak the Even language, and in terms of culture and origin they are especially close to the Evenks.

The Evens lived in tents of a conical-cylindrical shape, reminiscent of the Koryak yarankas. In winter, for additional heat preservation, the tent was supplemented with an entrance in the form of a tunnel - a vestibule.

As for clothing, the Evens wore loose-fitting outfits, and not closed ones, like the Koryaks, Itelmens and Chukchis. The Evens often used dogs not for riding, but for hunting, and each individual was “trained” to hunt a specific animal. And for transportation, representatives of this nationality used deer and even bred a special breed of animal for riding - the Lamut.

The coastal Evens, in addition to hunting and reindeer herding, sea hunting and fishing, were engaged in blacksmithing.

The Aleuts are a people who also inhabit the territory of the Kamchatka region, in particular Bering Island. The self-name of this ethnic group is "Unangan", which means "coastal inhabitants", and the name "Aleuts" was given to them by the Russians.

The main occupation of the Aleuts was hunting fur seals, sea otters, sea lions, and fishing. The Aleuts were engaged in gathering, making tools from bone and wood, and also storing bird eggs for the winter, using sea lard for this.

On Bering Island these people moved on sleds pulled by dogs, and on Medny Island they used wide and short skis for winter. The Aleuts lived in semi-underground yurts.

Racial identity of the population of Kamchatka

Ethnologists classify the Itelmens and Koryaks as representatives of the small Arctic race, which is also called the Eskimo race and is considered the northern branch of the large Mongoloid race. Moreover, this subrace, in its own anthropological characteristics, is closer to the Pacific, and not to the continental Mongoloids.

As for the Kamchadals, they belong to a mixed race with signs of both Mongoloid and Caucasian features. The Kamchadals are the fruit of the mixing of the ancient indigenous population of Kamchatka with Russian people, and their race type is often called Uralic.

Changes in the population of Kamchatka

The last hundreds of years have significantly contributed to the decline in the number of indigenous populations. This happened for several reasons:

Epidemics that claimed the lives of huge numbers of Aboriginal people;
Extermination of local residents due to colonial policies;
Cultural assimilation taking place at a later time. The fact is that over time it became unfashionable to be a representative of an indigenous nationality, so mestizos preferred to be considered Russian.

The prospects for the development of the indigenous peoples of Kamchatka are very uncertain. The government of the Russian Federation began to encourage representatives of these ethnic groups to self-determination in order to confirm the Itelmen, Koryak and Kamchadal nationality, stimulating people with several types of benefits. However, such events are not enough to spread these original cultures, since now there are all the signs of their extinction. For example, even if the number of Itelmens has more than doubled compared to 1980 data, the number of representatives of this ethnic group who speak the Itelmen language does not reach even a hundred people.

To restore and subsequently preserve the culture of the small peoples inhabiting Kamchatka, large financial investments are needed, the volume of which depends on how ready the population of the peninsula is to master them.

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The population is declining annually and as of January 1, 2016, 316 thousand people lived in the region

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The population of Kamchatka is rapidly declining Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, September 22 - AiF-Kamchatka. The demographic prospects of the Kamchatka Territory are still disappointing. In the coming years, the region will lose up to 2.5 thousand population annually.

According to Kamchatstat, the population of the Kamchatka Territory as of January 1, 2016 was 316,116 people. Over the year, 1,153 fewer people (0.4%) were tired of the region’s residents. The decrease in population is entirely due to migration outflow.

77.8% of the population lives in cities, 22.2% lives in rural areas. There were 157.7 thousand men and 158.4 thousand women living in the region (49.9% and 50.1% of the total population, respectively). For every 1,000 men there were 1,005 women.

The share of people under working age (up to 15 years) was 18.4%, the share of people of retirement age was 19.8%, and the working age population was 61.8%. Compared to the previous year, the number of young people and the population of retirement age has increased, while there are fewer and fewer citizens of working age every year.

In 2015, 4,150 children were born, which is 56 babies less than in the previous year. 80% of all newborns were born in cities. 94 (4.6%) more boys were born in the region. Over the course of the year, the region grew by 52 twins and three triplets.

In Kamchatka, men live 11 years less than women. The total fertility rate was 13.1 ppm, which is almost equal to the Russian average (13.3‰). But at the same time, there are 22 thousand women (14%) of the most optimal childbearing age (21-30 years) in Kamchatka, and by 2020 there will be only 16 thousand women capable of giving birth to healthy offspring (Rosstat forecast data from the results of the All-Russian Population Census -2010).

Despite some positive developments, Kamchatka's demographic prospects are still disappointing. According to Rosstat forecasts (based on the results of the 2010 GNP), Kamchatka will not overcome the demographic crisis in the next 16 years. On average, the region will continue to lose 2-2.5 thousand people annually. Both due to negative natural growth and migration outflow outside the region.

By 2031, the population of the region will decrease to 295 thousand people. There will remain 239 thousand city dwellers, while the number in rural areas will drop to 56 thousand people. Women in the total population will be 50.2% or 148 thousand people; for every 1000 men there will be 1007 women.

Reference: The largest population in the Kamchatka region was recorded in 1991, when 478 thousand 541 people lived in the region. Over 25 years, Kamchatka lost 162,425 inhabitants.

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Kamchatka is experiencing a demographic crisis

Kamchatka is experiencing a demographic crisis- Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

The population is declining every year and as of January 1, 2016, 316 thousand people lived in the region pixabay.com The population of Kamchatka is rapidly declining Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, September 22 - AiF-Kamchatka.
19:14 22.09.2016 AiF - Kamchatka

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Kamchatka- one of the least populated Russian regions. The average population density is very low: 16 sq. km. territory per person, and if you consider that about 85% is the urban population, then the actual density is even lower.
On the peninsula you can meet representatives 176 nationalities, nationalities and ethnic groups. A large percentage of the population is Russian, followed by Ukrainians, Belarusians, Tatars, Mordovians, small peoples of the north and other nationalities. The indigenous population is represented by Koryaks, Itelmens, Evens, Aleuts and Chukchi.
The total population of Kamchatka is about 360 thousand people, most of them live in the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The valleys of the Avacha and Kamchatka rivers are the most populated. The rest of the population lives mainly on the coasts, which is due not only to the favorable conditions of these areas, but also to the fishing specialization of the Kamchatka economy.

The most ancient inhabitants of Kamchatka are Itelmens, the name of the people means “those who live here.”
The southern initial border of settlement was Cape Lopatka, the northern was the Tigil River on the western coast and the Uka River on the eastern coast. Ancient Itelmen villages were located along the rivers Kamchatka (Uykoal), Elovka (Koch), Bolshaya, Bystraya, Avacha, and along the banks of Avacha Bay. He headed the fort, which consisted of several semi-dugouts in which lived members of one family community, a toyon. The names of the toyons still remain on the map of Kamchatka: Nachiki, Avacha, Nalychevo, Pinachevo.
When at the end of the 17th - beginning of the 18th centuries. Russian explorers appeared in the middle part of Kamchatka, the Itelmens were at the stage of collapse of primitive communal relations.
The life of the Itelmens in the summer used to be spent near and on the water. They moved along the rivers on dugout, deck-shaped boats made of poplar. They caught fish with nets woven from nettle fibers, beat them with spears, and built locking traps on rivers. Some of the fish were poured out in the form of yukola, some were fermented in special pits. The lack of salt did not allow large stocks of fish to be stocked.
An equally important occupation for this people was hunting - foxes, sables, bears, mountain sheep; on the coasts - on sea animals: sea lions, seals, sea otters. The Itelmens ate a lot of fish, preferring baked fish (chuprik) and fish cutlets (telno); they used young shoots of shelomaynka, carrot grass (cowweed) and woolly hogweed - bunches for food (until it acquired scalding properties); used pine cones with dried salmon caviar as an antiscorbutic remedy, washed down with tea; They flavored their food with seal fat - the favorite seasoning of all northern peoples.
The clothing of the Itelmens was also unique, made from sables, foxes, eurasians, bighorn sheep, and dog skins with an abundance of ermine tassels and fluffy edges along the collar, hood, hem and sleeves. Steller wrote: “The most elegant kukhlyankas are trimmed at the collar and sleeves, as well as at the hem, with dog hair, and hundreds of tassels made of seal hair, dyed red, are hung on the caftan, which dangle from side to side with every movement.” Such clothing of the Itelmens created the impression of fluffiness and shaggyness.

Koryaks- the main population of the north of Kamchatka. They have their own autonomy - the Koryak district. The name of the people, as Krasheninnikov and Steller believed, came from “chora” - “deer”. The Koryaks themselves do not call themselves that. The inhabitants of the coast were called nymylanami- “inhabitants of settled villages.” Nomads who grazed reindeer in the tundra have long called themselves Chavchuvens, i.e. "deer people"
For Chavchuvenov Reindeer herding was the main, if not the only, occupation. Deer gave them everything they needed for life: meat was used for food, skins were used for making clothes (kukhlyankas, malakhai, torbas), building portable dwellings (yarang), bones for making tools and household items, fat for lighting their homes. Reindeer were also a means of transportation for the Koryaks.
For Nymylanov The main type of economy was fishing and hunting. Fish was caught mainly in rivers, using nets made of nettle fibers (it took about two years to make one net, but they lasted only a year). Marine hunting was in second place after fishing in the economy of sedentary Koryaks. They went out to sea on canoes covered with skins, threw a harpoon tied to the bow of the ship at seals, bearded seals and, most importantly, whales, and finished off the whales with spears with stone tips. The skins of sea animals were used to cover boats, lined the thighs with them, sewed shoes, sacks and bags from them, and made belts.
The Koryaks have well-developed home crafts - wood and bone carving, weaving, metal processing (world-famous paren knives), making national clothes and carpets from deer skins and beadwork.

Evens a number of Kamchatka aborigines stand somewhat apart. In origin and culture they are similar to the Evenks (Tungus). The ancestors of the people, having moved to Kamchatka in the 17th century, abandoned their traditional occupation - hunting and took up reindeer herding.
The Russians, having come to Kamchatka, called the Evens, who roamed along the Okhotsk coast, lamutami, i.e. "living near the sea", and shepherds - orochami, i.e. "deer people" In addition to reindeer herding and hunting, the coastal Evens were engaged in fishing and sea hunting. The most common craft among the Evens was blacksmithing. The dwelling of the Kamchatka Evens was a cylindrical-conical tent, similar in structure to the Koryak yaranga. In winter, to preserve heat in the dwelling, a tunnel-shaped entrance was attached to the tent. Unlike other peoples of Kamchatka, the Evens did not widely practice sled dog breeding.

The northern neighbors of the Koryaks were Chukchi- “reindeer people” (chauchu), part of them moved to Kamchatka.
The owner of less than a hundred deer was considered poor and usually could not manage an independent farm.
The main hunting weapons of the Chukchi were a bow and arrow, a spear and a harpoon. The tips of arrows, spears and harpoons were made of bone and stone. When catching small waterfowl and game, the Chukchi used bola (devices for catching birds in flight) and a sling, which, along with a bow and spear, was also a military weapon.
The Chukchi's main means of transportation was deer, but, like the Koryaks and Itelmens, they used dog sleds as transport.
The Chukchi are excellent sailors, skillfully handling canoes that could accommodate 20-30 people. When the wind was fair, the Chukchi, like the Nymylan Koryaks, used square sails made of reindeer suede (rovduga), and for greater stability on the wave, they attached seal skins inflated with air, removed with a “stocking,” to the sides. Almost every summer the Chukchi made fishing expeditions on kayaks from the Bay of the Cross to the Anadyr River for hunting. It is also known that they traded with the Eskimos and sailed to the American coast in entire flotillas.

Aleuts- the ancient population of the Aleutian Islands, their self-name “Unangan”, i.e. "coastal residents"
No later than 1825, the Russian-American company, which was developing Russian America, relocated the first 17 families of Aleut industrialists from the Aleutian Islands to Bering Island for permanent residence.
The main traditional occupation of the Aleuts was hunting sea animals (seals, sea lions, sea otters) and fishing. For the winter, the Aleuts prepared eggs from bird markets as a food product.
On Bering Island, sleds with a dog sled became the usual method of transportation, and on Medny Island, the Aleuts used short and wide skis to walk in the mountains in winter.
The dwellings of the Commander Aleuts were semi-underground yurts. Household items included grass wicker bags, baskets, mats; for storing fat, yukola, stocks of shiksha with fat, etc. used sea lion bladders.

This edition of the Passport of the Kamchatka Territory was prepared as of 01/01/2019.

1.1 Geographical location

The Kamchatka Territory is part of the Far Eastern Federal District and occupies the Kamchatka Peninsula with the adjacent mainland, as well as the Commander and Karaginsky Islands. The Kamchatka Territory borders in the northwest with the Magadan Region, in the north with the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and in the south with the Sakhalin Region.

From the east, Kamchatka is washed by the waters of the Pacific Ocean, from the northeast by the waters of the Bering Sea, and from the west by the waters of the Okhotsk Sea.

1.2. Territory

The administrative center is the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

1.3. Climate

The climate is mainly temperate monsoon, in the center - temperate continental, in the north - subarctic; the average January temperature on the Kamchatka Peninsula is -15.5 °C, on the adjacent part of the mainland -25 °C, the average July temperature is +13.2 °C; precipitation amount is up to 1000 mm per year. In the north of the region there is permafrost, over 400 glaciers.

1.4. Population

The population of the region as of January 1, 2019 was 314.7 thousand people (0.2% of the population of the Russian Federation), having decreased by 832 people in 2018. The decrease in the region's population is due 84.1% to migration outflow and 15.9% to natural decline.

In 2018, 3,417 children were born, which is 8.9% less than the previous year. The overall birth rate for the region as a whole was 11.0% (the average for Russia is 10.9%). 3,549 people died, which is 2.3% more than in 2017. The average annual mortality rate was 11.2% (the Russian average is 12.4%).

Population density - 0.7 people per 1 sq. km, which is 13 times lower than in Russia as a whole. The population is distributed extremely unevenly throughout the region - from 0.02 people per 1 sq. km in the Penzhinsky district up to 586 people per 1 sq. km in Elizovo. The majority of the population lives in the cities of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Elizovo, Vilyuchinsk and the valleys of the Avacha and Kamchatka rivers.

The share of the urban population is 78.4% (246.8 thousand people), the rural population is 21.6% (68.0 thousand people).

The workforce amounted to 179.4 thousand people (57.0% of the total population of the region).

Standards of living

2018 in the Kamchatka Territory was characterized by a decline in living standards, despite rising wages. The main reason is the lag in the growth rate of per capita cash income of the population and pensions from the rate of inflation processes.

Average per capita cash income in 2018 was at the level of 42,021.7 rubles, real cash income amounted to 99.4%.

The average nominal accrued wages in the Kamchatka Territory in 2018 amounted to 72,692.6 rubles (an increase compared to 2017 was 10.5%), real wages - 107.9%.

The number of officially registered unemployed at the end of December 2018 amounted to 2.6 thousand people (1.4% of the labor force).

The living wage established in the Kamchatka Territory in 2018 per capita was 19,481 rubles (for the working population - 20,494 rubles, for pensioners - 15,478 rubles, for children - 20,934 rubles).

According to preliminary data, the share of the population with monetary incomes below the subsistence level in 2018 decreased by 1% compared to 2017 and amounted to 16.5%.

1.5. Administrative division

The Kamchatka Territory includes 87 settlements, including:

cities of regional subordination - 3 (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Vilyuchinsk, Elizovo);
urban-type settlements - 1 (urban settlement Palana);
workers' settlements - 1 (Vulkanny settlement);
rural settlements - 82.

The Kamchatka Territory includes 66 municipalities, including 3 with the status of “City District”:

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky urban district;
Vilyuchinsky urban district;
Urban district "Palana village";

11 have the status of “Municipal district”:

Aleutsky municipal district;

Bystrinsky municipal district;
Elizovsky municipal district;
Milkovsky municipal district;
Sobolevsky municipal district;
Ust-Bolsheretsky municipal district;
Ust-Kamchatsky municipal district;
Karaginsky municipal district;
Olyutorsky municipal district;
Penzhinsky municipal district;
Tigilsky municipal district.

One of the regions of the region - Aleutian - is located on the Commander Islands.

Karaginsky, Olyutorsky, Penzhinsky and Tigilsky municipal districts are part of the territory with a special status of the Koryak Okrug.

The municipal districts include 5 urban settlements and 46 rural settlements.

The territory of the Kamchatka Territory could accommodate 4 European states: England, Portugal, Belgium and Luxembourg combined.

1.6. Political parties

There are 17 regional branches of all-Russian political parties registered in the Kamchatka Territory. The most active and numerous are:

Kamchatka regional branch of the All-Russian political party "UNITED RUSSIA";

Kamchatka regional branch of the political party “Liberal Democratic Party of Russia”;

Kamchatka regional branch of the political party “Communist Party of the Russian Federation”;

Regional branch of the political party "A JUST RUSSIA" in the Kamchatka Territory.

Coat of arms of Kamchatka region

Flag It is a rectangular panel of two horizontal stripes: the upper one is white, the lower one is blue. The width ratio of the stripes is 2:1. In the roof there is an image of the figures of the coat of arms of the Kamchatka Territory.

Anthem of the Kamchatka Territory

Words by B.S. Dubrovin, music by Honored Artist of Russia E.I. Morozova. Performers - Kamchatka Choir Chapel, Moscow Symphony Orchestra "Globalis" (conductor - People's Artist of Russia Pavel Ovsyannikov). Approved by the Law of the Kamchatka Territory dated 03/05/2010 No. 397 “On the anthem of the Kamchatka Territory”.

1.8. Brief historical background

On November 10, 1922, Soviet power was established in the region in the person of the Regional Revolutionary Committee, and the territory was renamed the Kamchatka province.

In October 1938, the Kamchatka region, after another administrative-territorial division, became part of the Khabarovsk Territory with 13 districts, the Koryak and Chukotka national districts.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 17, 1967, the Kamchatka region was awarded the Order of V.I. Lenin.

The population of Kamchatka for the year is the number. Indigenous people of Kamchatka

Racial identity of the population of Kamchatka

Changes in the population of Kamchatka

Latest news from the Kamchatka Territory on the topic: Kamchatka is experiencing a demographic crisis

Latest news from the Kamchatka Territory on the topic:
Kamchatka is experiencing a demographic crisis