Task formulation:

From sentences 4-5, write down the word, the spelling of the prefix in which is determined by its meaning “spatial proximity”:
(4) At the school site, work was in full swing. (5) The guys, chanting, dug the beds.

Correct answer: at school (the prefix PRI- means ABOUT - near the school)

Other possible formulations:
From the sentences... write down the word(s) in which...
continuation options:

• the spelling of the prefix depends/does not depend on the voicelessness-voicing of the subsequent consonant;
• the spelling of the consonant in the prefix depends on the voicelessness of the subsequent consonant;
• the spelling of the prefix depends on the voicing of the subsequent consonant;
• the spelling of the prefix is ​​determined by its meaning (the specific meaning of the prefix may be indicated);
• The spelling of the prefix depends on the accent.

What you need to know:

In the Russian language there are 4 groups of prefixes, the writing of which may cause difficulties:
1) (they need to be remembered);
2) , the spelling of which depends on the subsequent consonant;
3) , the spelling of which depends on the stress;
4), the spelling of which is determined by their meaning.

1. Unchangeable prefixes.

These prefixes are unchangeable and constant in their spelling. They are always written like this! Be sure to remember these prefixes:

B- (VO-), DO-, FOR-, ON-, OVER-, UNDO, O-, OB- (OBO-), OT- (OTO-), PO-, UNDER- (UNDO-), S- (CO-), RE-, PRE-, PRO-.

EXAMPLE: on write, under salt, By slip, By knock, With do, With give, before accept.
The prefix Z- is not in Russian! In words h giving, h health, h here, neither h gi (not visible) the letter Z is part of the root.

2. Prefixes on Z-, S-.

Their writing is very simple: a prefix with the letter Z is written before voiced consonants, and a prefix with the letter S is written before voiced consonants. Be sure to remember these prefixes:

WITHOUT-/BES-, VZ-/VS-, WHO-/VOS-, IZ-/IS-, NIZ/NIS-, RAZ-/RAS-, THROUGH-(THROUGH-)/THROUGH-

EXAMPLE:
RA With with watch,
RA Z g lie down
AND W in eat,
AND S t drink,
CRE Zm black,
RA WITHh wriggle,
IN From to Arabic,
CHERE C h ur,
sni C x parental

Case 1. To choose the correct letter -з- or -с- at the end of prefixes, it is necessary to distinguish voiced consonants from voiceless ones.
All voiceless consonant sounds can be remembered by the following phrase: F OK A, WOULD YOU LIKE TO EAT BUTCH?
Voiced consonant sounds allow you to remember the phrase: OH, WE ARE NOT ABOUT THE OTHER!
EXAMPLE:
in word prefixes ASDh good and ASD ts we will write a thread - With-, because the first letters of the root are - h- And - ts- denote voiceless consonants, and in word prefixes FROM d Erzhka and FROM m ena we will write the letter - h-, since the first letters of the roots indicate voiced consonants- d- And - m-

Case 2. Remember that the spelling of the prefix WITH- in words does not depend on the voiced or voiceless consonant that follows it. The prefix C- belongs to the group of unchangeable prefixes.
EXAMPLE:
in words WITH DO and WITH JUMP is written with the same prefix C-, despite the fact that in the first word after the prefix there is a voiced consonant, and in the second there is a voiceless consonant.

Case 3. The prefix Z-S- may not be noticed if the word has two prefixes.
EXAMPLE:
in the word NOT VOS REQUIRED after the prefix NOT- there is a prefix BOS-, the spelling of which depends on the voicelessness of the subsequent consonant, while the spelling of the prefix NOT- is not determined by this rule.

Case 4. Do not confuse words with prefixes ending in Z-S- with words whose roots are consonant with these prefixes.
EXAMPLE:
1. prefix BES- (BESNOOK) and root -BES- (Besya)
2. prefix NIZ- (NIZ) and root -NIZ- (LOW)
3. prefix RAZ- (BREAK) and root -RAZ- (STARKING), root -DIFFERENCE- (DIFFERENCE)
4. prefix RAS- (GRIND) and root -RAST- (PLANT)
5. prefix ROZ- (ROZdal) and root -ROZ- (PINK)
6. prefix ROS- (ROScherk) and root -ROS- (ROSisty), other roots (ROSKOSHNY, ROSTOK)
7. prefix WHO- (Abstain) and root -WHO- (CARIO)

3. Prefixes ROZ- (ROS-), RAZ- (PAC-), NE-, NI-

The spelling of vowels in these prefixes is determined by stress.
In the prefixes ROZ- (ROS-), RAZ- (RAS-) the letter is written without accent A, under stress - ABOUT.
EXAMPLE:
R A write off - r ABOUT list, r A play - r ABOUT gambling, r A zliv (rivers), r ABOUT angry drinks

The prefixes NOT and NI, found in negative and indefinite pronouns and adverbs, also depend on stress. With an accent we write NOT, without an accent we write NE.
EXAMPLE:
n E when - n And when, n E who - n And who, n E what - n And What

4. Prefixes PRI-, PRE-

The rule for writing these prefixes is one of the most beloved by schoolchildren, and it is also very easy to remember. The spelling of the vowel in them depends on the meaning of the prefixes.

The prefix PRI- means:
1) approximation, accession, addition: at drive, at glue
2) location near something (proximity): at sea, at Oka
3) incompleteness of the action (the action is not completed completely): at open, at to brake
These are the main meanings of the prefix pri-, but there are three more more rare meanings:
4) completeness of action: at think
5) an action performed based on someone's interests: at hide
6) accompanying action:at jump, at say, at dance, at sing

The prefix PRE- means:
1) close in meaning to the word "very": pre red (very beautiful)
2) close in meaning to the prefix re-: pre step (cross the line), interrupt (interrupt)

However, the spelling of these prefixes is not always determined by the listed meanings!

Difficulties that may arise:

Case 1. The spelling of words that are similar in sound but different in meaning differs:
give corresponding type - betray friend,
pretend door - implement dream (make it come true)
arrive during - abide on vacation (to be)
start to work - transgress law,
coming to visit - transient moment (impermanent),
despise enemy (to hate) - look after orphan (to shelter)
bow before talents (to admire) - bow down to the ground (lean)
vicissitudes fate - gatekeeper at the gate
limit(border) of patience - aisle(extension) of the house
endure(been through) - get used to it(get used to) the heat

Case 2. The spelling of some words with the prefixes PRI-, PRE- should be remembered or determined in a spelling dictionary. This includes, for example, outdated words used in phraseological combinations stumbling (us-tar.) - “to stumble”, stumbling - “interference, difficulties”, stumbling block; repose (obsolete) - “to die”, to arrange the end of the world.

Case 3. It is recommended to determine the spelling of borrowed words with pri-, pre- radically using a spelling dictionary: prestige, president, price list, prefix, precedent; priority, privilege, claimaniye, private, primitive, etc.

In the Russian language exam, students may encounter different formulations of task 4, related to the spelling of the prefixes PRE- and PRI-. Let's consider the possible options:

1. From the sentences (numbers are indicated), write down a word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​determined by its meaning - “approximation”.

2. From the sentences (numbers are indicated), write down a word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​determined by its meaning - “attachment”.

3. From the sentences (numbers are indicated), write down a word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​determined by its meaning - “incompleteness of action.”

4. From the sentences (numbers are indicated), write down a word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​determined by its meaning - “location nearby.”

5. From the sentences (numbers are indicated), write down a word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​determined by its meaning, close to the meaning of the prefix PERE-.

Let us recall the corresponding rule.

Prefixes PRE- and PRI-

(summary table)

Meaning

prefixes PRE-

Examples

Meaning

prefixes PRI-

Examples

High degree of quality or action (= very, very, very, too)

wise

elderly

very funny

most unpleasant

very pretty

most important

dangerous

present

surpass

prevail

exceed

get fed up

exaggerate

excellent

nice

perfect

Accession

(the meaning of connecting something with something);

approximation

(the meaning of movement towards a goal);

addition

(the meaning of increasing the size of something, adding something to what already exists)

join

attach

join

rush

glue

weld

come

cling

accept

screw

gallop up

limp

sprinkle

draw

adjust

drag in

attach

Exceptions: free

deplorable

comely

bizarre

fastidious

Similarity with the meaning of the prefix re-

(however, please note that direct replacement

most often it is impossible to do)

block

overcome

bicker

continuously

block

Incomplete action

(= a little bit)

open slightly

shut up

sit down

bend down

extinguish

stand up

suspend

Being close

anything (near, close)

Baltics

lakeside

school

seaside

roadside

coastal

station

Priamursky

gatekeeper

Bringing action

to the end or performing an action in someone's interests

get used to

come up with

tame

cook

hide

shelter

It is very important to consider the following:

1. It is necessary to distinguish between the spellings of words that are similar in sound, but different in meaning:

DESPITE (hate) – DESPITE (give shelter)

BEND (knees) – BEND (branch)

TO UNDERBE (difficulties, misfortunes) – TO BE ENDURED (to circumstances)

TRANSITORY (moment) – COMING (postman)

STAY (be) – ARRIVE (approach)

PICK (door) – bicker (quarrel) and many others.

2. There are words in which the spelling of the vowel cannot be explained by the rule stated in the table. These are Russian words in which the prefix is ​​no longer singled out (for example, NATURE, REASON, CLAIM, DEVICE, PRELESTCHAT, PREPONA, PREPOSVOVITI), as well as borrowings (PRESIDIUM, PREAMBLE, PREPARATION, PRIVILEGE, PRIMITIVE, PRIVATE, PRIORITY). In these cases, it is necessary to use a spelling dictionary.

I suggest you practice.

Task 1. Insert the missing letters into the words.

Pr...press, pr...rich, pr...respected, pr...attractive, pr...open, pr...amusing, pr...grown, pr...wonderful, pr. ..exalted, pr...silence, pr...poor, pr...cut, pr...climb, pr...oven, pr...form, pr...satiation, pr... pinch, sweep, pr...rub, pr...put, pr...sharp, pr...plump, pr...tasty, pr...cook, pr...clicking, pr...risen, pr...being,pr...flight, pr...provide, pr...appropriate, pr...application, pr...spread, pr...fallen, pr...fect, pr...dpr... accepted, pr...delivery, pr...chairman, pr...creator, pr...sent, pr...sign, pr...rise, pr...neglect, pr...imagine, pr...ludia, successor, pr...omen, pr...closing, pr...taste, pr...ascending, pr...delivery, pr...entry, pr. ..crashed, pr...supposed, pr...jerky, pr...dstart, pr...raise, pr...wash,pr...haymaking, pr...creative, pr...deliver, pr...send, pr...see, pr...similar, pr...bite, pr...extinguish, pr. ..boring, pr...will, pr...strange, pr...disposition, pr...educator, pr...howl, pr...detail-thematic, pr...bent, pr. ..earthy, pr...valued, pr...pre-Olympic, pr...bring, pr...mial.

Task 2. Insert the missing letters into the phrases.

Excellent...excellent result, honor...increase the speed, honor...the tribute to deep antiquity, protect the road,...defy the law, honor...the evil of fate,...stop screaming.

Task 3. Insert the missing letters and read the story to the kids - sisters and brothers.

One... red evening, Vasilisa, the... wise... dreamed of a... wonderful dream. All...funny and all...pretty little bunnies were jumping and jumping across the clearing. Suddenly the sun was covered by a huge cloud. This flew...flying the evil, evil...evil Serpent Gorynych. He... landed, sat down on the grass and... thought. Kashchei ordered him to find Vasilisa wisely, to frighten him, to bring him to him. But insurmountable obstacles arose on the way of the Serpent Gorynych .

Answers:

Exercise 1

press, very rich, highly respected, attractive, slightly open, most wonderful, grown, very wonderful, exalted, become silent, become poor, cut down, crawled, bake, transform, satiation, pinch, sweep, rub in, attach, sharp, swollen, delicious, weld, snapping, surpassed, arrival,pre-flight, provide, opportunist, application, foreshadow, fit, prefect, undertaken, etc.edelivery, chairman, pretender, foreshadowed, foreshadow, surpass, neglect, transform, prelude, receptionist, omen, reptile, smack, etc.eascending, betrayal, crime, discontinued, intended, intermittent, pre-launch, exceed, overthink,pre-hay, feigned, bearer, send, despise, reverend, bite, extinguish, boring, freedom, strange, predisposition, transformer, scion, subject-thematic, bowed, squat, ask the price, pre-Olympic, present, premium.

Task 2

Excellent result, exceed the speed limit, ancient legends, block the road, break the law, vicissitudes of fate, stop shouting.

Task 3

On a beautiful evening, Vasilisa the Wise had a bizarre dream. The most amusing and very pretty little bunnies were skipping across the clearing. Suddenly the sun was covered by a huge cloud. It was the evil, despicable Serpent Gorynych who arrived. He landed, sat down on the grass and became thoughtful. Kashchei ordered him to find the wise Vasilisa, intimidate him, and bring him to him. But insurmountable obstacles arose on the way of the Serpent Gorynych.

Literature

Rosenthal D.E. Russian language: a guide for applicants to universities. M., 2000.

Russian language lesson in 6th grade

1) infield 2) cling 3) subdued 4) hide

In which word is the spelling of the prefix determined by its meaning - “the highest degree of quality”?

1) transform 2) terrible 3) transform 4) successor

4. In which word does the spelling of the consonant at the end of the prefix depend on the voicedness/voicelessness of the next consonant?

5. In which word is the spelling of the prefix determined by its proximity to the prefix “re-”? 1) interrupt 2) wonderful 3) calmly 4) wise

6. In which word is the spelling of the prefix determined by its meaning – “attachment”? 1) danced 2) became thoughtful 3) roadside 4) stuck

In which word is the spelling of the prefix determined by the rule: “In prefixes with –З and –С, Z is written before voiced consonants, and S is written before voiceless consonants”?

1) collection 2) here 3) break 4) intractable

Find a word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​determined by its meaning - “incompleteness of action.”

Verochka understands his condition. And she doesn’t like that Gosha talks down to her. Verochka’s face becomes thoughtful. She tilts her head to the side and narrows her eyes. Before, about three years ago, with such an expression Verochka rushed to fight (and fought worse than the boys). Now she doesn't fight.

Find a word in which the spelling of the prefix depends on the voicelessness of the subsequent consonant.

Mom often invaded my relationship with toys.

-Do you like to punish? - she asked half-jokingly. And half-seriously she added: “You can’t do that to dumb people.” They cannot respond to either good or evil.

Find a word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​determined by its meaning - “approximation”.

Mom and father went on business trips very often: together they designed factories that were built somewhere very far from our city. I stayed with my grandmother - my mother's mother.

In dysfunctional families, parents, having left home, do not send letters at all; in prosperous families, they write about once or twice a week - my grandmother and I received letters every day.

Find a word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​determined by the rule: “In prefixes ending in -Z and -S, Z is written before vowels and voiced consonants, and S is written before voiceless consonants.”

This one will not burn in fire and will not drown in water! This is what love can bring!

And I don’t like it at all that everyone at home praises me. Is it difficult to answer a three?

Find a word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​determined by its meaning - “attachment”

I washed it, stuffed it with new cotton wool, carefully sewed it up and even lightly ironed it; in place of the lost eye I attached a black bandage, like a pirate’s. And later, with the help of a friend from the studio, the bear dressed himself in a leather biker jacket with small studs.

From now on, the bear sits in my garage in a very visible place, and sometimes I install it on the fork of a motorcycle, and we ride around the city or in motorcycle convoys. Our colleagues from the club laughed at first, but then they got used to it, and the toy even became our talisman in some way.

Find a word in which the spelling of the prefix depends on the voicelessness of the subsequent consonant.

What does he care about Elena Frantsevna, he forgot to think about her. His friend betrayed him. Calmly, casually and publicly, in broad daylight, for the sake of a penny gain, he was betrayed by a man for whom he, without hesitation, would go through fire and water.

Find a word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​determined by its meaning - “location near something.”

I heard Naila’s voice and imagined her: her hair should be dark, her eyes should have coals in the middle, her lips should be slightly swollen, with barely noticeable cracks from water and wind. Along with her voice, her breath reached me, similar to the rustling of leaves when the wind smells. When her voice fell silent, I was afraid that it would not sound again - it would soar and fly away like a bird. I wanted it to sound forever and no one but me would hear it.

She sat on the coastal sand, her legs crossed and her chin resting on her knees.

Find a word in which the spelling of the prefix is ​​determined by its meaning close to the meaning of the prefix re-

Listen,” Lina interrupted him, bending over her hat. “Another day and he would be ready.”

Yes, he said. – But everyone has some kind of natural limit.

Task 5.

“One and two N in suffixes of adjectives, participles and adverbs”

Theory

Adjectives.

NN is written in adjectives formed:

From nouns with a stem on n: sleep - with nn th, autumn - autumn nn th, length - length nn th, window - eye nn th;

Using suffixes -he N- And -enn-: lectures he N th, station he N th, morning enne th, time enne th, letters enne th.

With one n adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes are written -en-(-yan-) And -in-: leather en th, sand en th, hemp yang th, clay yang th, silver yang th, goose in th, swan in th.

Exceptions: -young, pork, rosy, green, blue(formed without the help of the suffix -n); -wind en th(same-root words with prefixes are written with two n: without wind enne th, under wind enne th); -tins Jann th, tree Jann th, glass Jann th.

Spelling of prefixes

Theory

Spelling of prefixes

I. It is necessary to remember that Most prefixes in Russian are unchangeable. That is, they are always written the same way. In any words.

For example:

O-: run around, stop, think again

u-: take away, ran away, calm down

to-: survive, reach, delivery

po-: run, courtyard, look

pro-: ride, space, view

great-: used in the sense of “distant degree of relationship”: great-grandmother, proto-language

on-: attack, cover, press

for-: close, prisoner, confuse

over- (must-): bite, inscription, overstrain

under- (under-): swim up, suggest, wait

from- (oto-): give away, move away, open

ob-(about-): to fly around, wipe off, go around

in- (in-): plenty, up, involve

you-: catch, exit, survive

pre- (pre-): preference, predetermine, warn

over-: break, overflow, distortion

s- (co-): move, get off, bend (be careful, there is only a prefix s-, no prefix z-)

! Borrowed foreign language prefixes are also unchangeable:

dis-: to misinform

counter-: counter-argument

trans-: transatlantic

post-: postmodernism

sub-: subculture

super: superhero

pan-: pan-European

II. In the Russian language there are several small groups of prefixes that do change under certain conditions. In other words, their spelling depends on something. Let's look at these groups of prefixes.

1. Prefixes, the spelling of which depends on the deafness/voicing of the subsequent consonant. What does it mean?

If after a prefix from this group we see a voiced consonant, then at the end of the prefix we write -z, and if it is voiceless, then, accordingly, -s.

This includes the so-called prefixes with -з, - с, there are exactly six of them:

without-/bes- unemployed, immortal

dis-/dis- scattered, dissolve

sun-/sun- (sun-/sun-) return, sunrise

from-/is- avoid, fright

bottom-/down- to overthrow, descend

through-/over- (over-/over-) excessive, too much

2. Prefixes, the spelling of which depends on the lexical meaning.

These are consoles pre-/pri-.

In order to make the right choice of prefix, you need to understand what meaning it brings to the word.

So, what meanings are typical for each prefix:

Prefix meanings:

1) The meaning of the highest degree of quality. Simply put, this meaning is equal to the meaning of the word very.

For example: beautiful, exaggerate, surpass, calm.

2) A meaning close to the meaning of the prefix re- (it should be understood that in such cases the prefix pre- can not always be replaced by the prefix re-, the similarity of their meanings is important here)

For example: interrupt, criminal, teacher, transform, obstacle. Prefix values ​​for:

1) “approximation”

For example: come, come

2) “accession”

For example: sew, glue,

3) “non-action”

For example: cover, sit down,

4) “completed action”

For example: invent, prepare

5) “closeness to something”

For example: coastal, roadside

3. Prefixes, the spelling of which depends on the stress.

This group includes prefixes:

race-/ros (time-/rose-)

If you have not forgotten, these prefixes also belong to the first group, therefore they have the spelling option - z/-s.

Without an accent, the letter A is written in them, but under the accent... - there is no problem with the accent, what we hear is what we write, as a rule, it is the letter o.

For example: painting, schedule, conversation, search.

Problems with solutions

Problem 1

In which row is the same letter missing in all words?

without...tongue, with...capacity, without...cloudy

be...road, get...out, ra...think

rose...sk, flirt, s...mitate

pro...open, pr...education, pr...superiority

Solution

According to the spelling dictionary, the proposed words are written as follows:

tongueless, filming, cloudless

off-road, climb, think

search, flirt, imitate

open, transformation, supremacy

As you can see, the same letter is missing in row 2 of words. Choose option 2.

Any word consists of parts, which in linguistics are called morphemes. The most important of them is the root. This is the main meaning. It is like a house on a foundation, to which various premises are attached in the form of suffixes (affixes) and prefixes (prefixes), adjusted when possible, and an ending. And each time after such construction work, the purpose of the house can change significantly. It is worth paying more attention to the façade, and for this you need to know: what kinds of prefixes there are, what new they add to the meaning of the word, and whether they are fraught with danger.

What are prefixes for?

What comes before the root, at the beginning of the word, is the prefix. The prefix belongs to significant morphemes, since its main function is formation. that a word can have more than one prefix (two, three), they are all written together. But you can do this without errors only if you know certain rules.

There are more than 70 prefixes in modern Russian. Of course, not every one of them has spelling governed by a rule. What types of prefixes there are based on these features can be found out by considering three main groups:

Uniform spelling. These are prefixes that do not have a consonant pair. For example, in- or o- (after all, there are no prefixes f- or a-). This also includes: for-, co-, pa-, po-, su-, y- and so on;

Peculiarities of writing prefixes ending in “z” or “s”. These are prefixes such as ras- (one-), nis- (low-), bes- (without-). If there is a voiced consonant after the prefix, then you need to write “z” at the end, if there is a voiceless consonant, then “s”;

The prefix is ​​pre- and its sister is pre-. The correct use of these prefixes depends on a correct understanding of the meaning they bring to the word.

What are the origins of prefixes?

Prefixes are divided into native Russian and foreign ones. The first include:

By-, in-, from-, on-, without-, above, with-, that is, prefixes that can also be prepositions;

Pa- and pra- are obsolete, but still found in words such as stepdaughter, flood, great-grandfather;

Between-, after-, outside-, near-, against-, these prefixes were once adverbial prepositions, but over time they became part of the word.

Foreigners by origin are:

Prefixes starting with the letter “a” (Greek): anti-national, immoral, archival;

Counter-, de-, dis-, re-, ultra-, ex-, trans-, extra- (Latin): counter-offensive, demobilization, disqualification, regression, ultrafilter, ex-champion;

Eu-, ev- (ev-) are prefixes of Greek origin with the meaning “real”. For example, eu-angelie (true message), eu-bacteria (correct bacteria);

Des- (French): disorganization, disinformation.

Both honey mushrooms and fragments have the prefix o-

Very often we don’t think about what prefixes there are in words. And how they help change the original meaning. For example, everyone knows what a “stump” is. Let's add the prefix o- and the suffix -ok. As a result, we get the word “honey mushroom”. Don't think that this is a mushroom growing on a stump. The real understanding of this word is given by the prefix o-, which denotes the spread of action around something. So honey mushrooms are located not on the stump, but around it.

If you remember an error, typo, typo or omission, you can immediately see that the prefix o- has another meaning - an indication of an incorrect, reckless action. And if you pay attention to the words: fragment, cigarette butt, cinder, stub, then a new meaning of the same prefix becomes obvious - a particle of an object resulting from some kind of influence on it.

What is the difference between pre- and pre-

To correctly write these prefixes, you need to clearly know the meaning of the words in which they are used. For comparison and better memorization, you need to make a table

Prefix pre-. Meaning:	Prefix at-. Meaning:
The highest degree of quality. It is possible to replace the prefix with the words “very” or “very”: very unpleasant, wise; Sign, action: extremely, joyfully; Exceeding the measure: surpass, exalt; Meaning close to block, transform.	Approaching, joining, adding or spatial proximity: school, come, stick, add; Incompleteness of an action or its performance for a short period of time: sit down, stand up, lie down, sit down; Bringing the plan to completion: nailing it down, attaching it, inventing it; To do in someone’s interests: to hide, to save; Additional action to the main one: sentence, jump, dance.

Similar in sound, but different in writing

There are words where the prefix pre- (pri-) carries the main semantic load, and here it is important not to make a mistake, otherwise the meaning will completely change. You can only arrive somewhere and on something, but to stay means to already be somewhere. For example, arriving by train at the station, but remaining carefree in the carriage.

There are many similar sounding pairs in the Russian language. You can figure out their correct spelling only by knowing the Russian language: which prefixes have such and such a meaning, and which ones have a different meaning. And then the verbs “to look after” (to shelter) and “to despise” (to neglect, ignore) will not get confused in your head.

It is worth remembering once and for all that a receiver is something that accepts, and a successor is someone who takes over someone’s experience or position. You can lean something against the wall, but you should only bow to that which is worthy of respect. If it is recommended to give the product a shape, then only a friend, dreams, ideals will be betrayed. You can only fake a window or a door, but dreams and ideas are brought to life.

A little more about spelling

In our language there are prefixes that are separated from a word by a hyphen. There are only three of them: po-, v- (vo-) and some-. In the adverbs -ski, -tski, -i, -emu, -mu - this is a prefix in -: in a foolish way, in its own way, in a Volga way, in a hare way. Pronouns without a preposition are written with a hyphen: some, some, some. The introductory words are formatted as follows: “thirdly”, “secondly”, “apparently”.

There is one more rule related to prefixes and which is very often forgotten to apply in writing, guided only by pronunciation. This is the choice of vowels “and” or “s” following the prefix. In this case, spelling is not related to what kind of prefixes there are, but with which letter the root begins. This applies to all words starting with “and”: play, search, history, integral, idea, etc.

If a prefix appears in them, at the end of which there is a consonant, then “y” is written after it. for example: play, find, background, unprincipled. There are exceptions to this rule:

Compound abbreviated words: sports equipment, pedagogical institute;

charge;

Prefixes super- and inter-: super-interesting, inter-institutional;

Foreign language prefixes: counterplay, subinspector, post-impressionism.

We tried to dwell on the main aspects of the life of prefixes regarding their meanings and spellings, because this small morpheme carries a lot of meaning.