KYRGYZSTAN - Kyrgyz Republic.
Kyrgyzstan is a state in Central Asia. In the north it borders with Kazakhstan, in the east and southeast - with China, in the southwest - with Tajikistan, in the west - with Uzbekistan. Area 199.9 thousand km2. Population 5.3 million (2008). The capital is Bishkek. Monetary unit - som. The official language is Kyrgyz; Russian has the status of official language (since 2001). Administratively, the territory of Kyrgyzstan consists of 7 regions and 2 cities of republican subordination.
Kyrgyzstan is a member of the CIS (1991), Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO; 1992), UN (1992), OSCE (1992), Economic Cooperation Organization (1992), Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC; 1992), IMF (1992), IBRD (1992), WTO (1998), Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO; 2001), Eurasian Economic Community (2001).
Kyrgyzstan from ancient times to its entry into the Russian Empire.
Kyrgyzstan is one of the most picturesque places in Central Asia; more than two-thirds of its territory is occupied by mountains, which is manifested in the diversity of climate, natural landscapes, flora and fauna. Having been here, you will discover a country of snow-capped mountains, enjoy the view of the harsh peaks of the Tien Shan, drenched in the sun. The wild nature with majestic waterfalls and stormy mountain rivers flowing into lakes with crystal clear water will amaze you with its beauty.
The pearl of Kyrgyzstan - Lake Issyk-Kul, which does not freeze all year round, will blow your mind. Many amazing places and monuments of ancient civilizations have been perfectly preserved to this day on the territory of Kyrgyzstan; the sacred Mount Suleiman ("Solomon") in Osh, the largest relict walnut forests on the planet Arslan Baba, hot healing springs with thermal waters in Jalalabat, the caravanserai Tash Rabat, the Burana Tower, the world's largest clusters of rock paintings Saimaluu Tash. 
The Republic is located in the center of the Eurasian continent, at the intersection of air communications between East and West, North and South. The following cities are located within a 4-hour flight from Manas airport: Moscow (Russia), Beijing (China), Istanbul (Turkey), Delhi (India).
Location: northeast of Central Asia.
Coordinates: 41° 00" north latitude, 75° 00" east longitude.
Square: 198.5 sq. km. 94% of the country is mountainous. The average altitude is 2750 m above sea level.
Population: 5,500.0 thousand people
Population composition: Kyrgyz - 58%, Russians - 18%, Uzbeks - 16%, Kazakhs, Tajiks, Uighurs and other nationalities - 8%.
Capital of Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek
Language: Kyrgyz is the state language, Russian is the official and main language of communication.
Religion: Islam - 75%, Orthodoxy - 20%, other religions - 5%.
Time: according to Grivinch + 5 hours.
Electricity: 220 V AC, 50 A; standard double plug socket
Internet zone:.kg
National currency: Som (100 tiyn) in relation to the dollar fluctuates around $1 = 60 som.
Best time to travel: May - October
Geographical position
The Kyrgyz Republic is located in the northeast of Central Asia, occupying part of the Tien Shan and the northern ranges of the Pamir-Altai. The borders pass mainly along natural boundaries - the ridges of high mountain ranges and rivers, only in places they descend onto the plains of the Chui, Talas and Fergana valleys.
Kyrgyzstan borders: in the north - with Kazakhstan, in the west and north-west - with Uzbekistan, in the south-west - with Tajikistan and in the south and south-east - with China (border length 1049 km). The total length of the borders of Kyrgyzstan is 4503 km. The total area of the republic is 198.5 km2. 94% of the country is mountainous. The average altitude is 2750 m above sea level.
The territory of the Kyrgyz Republic extends from west to east for 900 km, from north to south for 410 km and lies approximately between 39° and 43° northern latitude. The highest elevated part of the territory of the republic is located on its eastern outskirts. Here, in a mountain junction bordering China, rise the highest points of the entire Tien Shan mountain system - Pobeda Peak (7439 m) and Khan Tengri (6995 m). From here the ridges fan out to the west and southwest, creating separate parallel chains, extending mainly in the latitudinal direction up to 300-400 km. On the extreme southern border of the republic with Tajikistan, the highest Chon-Alai (Trans-Alai) ridge stands out, where the second highest peak in Kyrgyzstan is located - Lenin Peak (7134 m).
The complex structure of the mountainous terrain and diversity of environmental conditions have led to a wide variety of soil, plant cover and fauna in Kyrgyzstan. On its territory there are deserts, steppes, meadows, forests, bushes, swamps, mountain tundras and other types of vegetation.
The Kyrgyz Republic has a huge reserve of water resources. The 7 largest river basins contain more than 28,000 rivers and headwaters, 90% of which are 10 km long. Among them there are rivers with high water levels. For example, the Naryn River is more than 500 kilometers long.
There are more than 2000 lakes and artificial reservoirs in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Lakes occupy 3.4% of the territory. About 90% of them are high-mountain dams and closed lakes. Sary-Chelek is located on the southwestern slope of the Chatkal ridge, at an altitude of 1873.9 m above sea level, and is a biosphere reserve.
The high-altitude Lake Issyk-Kul is located inside the Tien Shan Mountains, at the bottom of a huge tectonic depression, at an altitude of 1606.7 m above sea level. The lake is surrounded by the Teskey - Ala-Too mountains in the south and Kungey Ala-Too in the north, Lake Issyk-Kul differs from other lakes in geographical, climatic and hydrological conditions. The shape of the lake resembles a trapezoid, with its base facing north. According to recent studies, the length of the lake is 178 km, width - 60.1 km; area - 6236 km 2, coastline length - 688 km, maximum depth - 669 m, average depth - 278.4 m. The lake is incredibly beautiful. For this reason it is called the “Pearl of Kyrgyzstan”. Greater transparency and bright sunshine change the color of the water of Lake Issyk-Kul from soft blue to dark blue tones. In winter, the water temperature is +4.2°C +5.0°C. In July and August, the upper layers of water heat up to +18°C +24°C. Kyrgyzstan is one of the largest regions in which a system of modern mountain glaciers is located, their total area occupies 8100 km 2 or 4.2% of the territory of the Republic.
3/4 of the total area of glaciers belongs to the river basin of the Syrdarya and Tarim rivers, their main centers are in the far west, in the Sary-Jaz basin, where the largest valley of glaciers is located (Southern Enelchek, 60.5 km long, Kaiyndy - 29.0 km ), as well as mountains Teskey Ala-Too, Kashaal-Too, Ak-Shayryk, Chon-Alai. In the Tien Shan mountains there are glaciers with flat tops. Fresh water reserves are approximately 650 billion m3, which is equal to 12 river resources of the entire republic.
Main cities: Bishkek is the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic (approx. 900,000 inhabitants); Osh - western Kyrgyzstan (approx. 300,000 inhabitants), Karakol - Issyk-Kul region (approx. 64,000 inhabitants). The regional centers are also the cities of Naryn, Talas, Jalal-Abad, Batken.
Climate: The climate is sharply continental, only in the Issyk-Kul basin does it approach marine.
The average temperature in January is -4 o C -14 o C, the average temperature in July is +17 o C +38 o C.
Currency: Kyrgyz som. One som includes 100 tyiyns. Introduced into circulation on May 10, 1993. Currently, the som is represented by ten banknote denominations: 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000. Kyrgyzstan is the first CIS country to approve its own currency.
State symbols
The democratic state of the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan) is a sovereign, unitary, democratic republic, built on the principles of a legal, Soviet state. Citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic elect the President, deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh and their representatives to local government bodies.
Flag of Kyrgyzstan
Approved on March 3, 1992 by the Supreme Council of the Republic. Authors: E. Aidarbekov, B. Zhaichybekov, S. Iptarov, Zh. Mataev, M. Sydykov. 40 rays united in a circle mean the unification of 40 ancient tribes into a single Kyrgyzstan. Tunduk symbolizes the unity of the peoples living in the country. The red color of the flag was the color of the flag of the magnanimous Manas.
Coat of arms
Approved on January 14, 1994 by a resolution of the Jogorku Kenesh Authors: A. Abdraev, S. Dubanaev. The coat of arms depicts the gyrfalcon Manas with outstretched wings, which symbolizes the freedom of the country. Also depicted is the pearl of Kyrgyzstan - Lake Issyk-Kul, surrounded by high rocky Ala-Too ridges. The peaks of the mountains, illuminated by the sun, look like the white kalpak of the Kyrgyz people.
Ak monguluu aska, zoolor, talaalar,
Elibizdin zhany menen barabar.
Sansyz kylym Ala-Toosun mekendep,
Saktap keldi bizdin ata-babalar.
Algalay ber, kyrgyz el,
Azattyktyn Zholunda.
Orkundoy ber, Osө ber,
Oz tagdyryn colu yeah
Atkarylyp eldin umut tilegi,
Zhelbiredi erkindiktin zhelegi.
Bizge zhetken ata saltyn, murasyn,
Yyyk saktap urpaktarga bereli.
Algalay ber, kyrgyz el,
Azattyktyn Zholunda.
Orkundoy ber, Osө ber,
Oz tagdyryn colu yeah
Republic of Kyrgyzstan, state in Central Asia. Official The name of the state of Kyrgyzstan is from the self-name of the indigenous population of the Kyrgyz and Iranians. camp country, land. Russian tradition. form Kyrgyzstan. Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. M: AST.… … Geographical encyclopedia
Kyrgyzstan- Kyrgyzstan. Burana Tower in the village. Den Aryk. KYRGYZSTAN (Kyrgyzstan), Republic of Kyrgyzstan (Respublikasy Kyrgyzstan), a state in the northeast of Central Asia. Area 198.5 thousand km2. Population 4.53 million, urban 38%; Kyrgyz (52.3%), Russians... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (Kyrgyzstan) Republic of Kyrgyzstan (Republics of Kyrgyzstan), in the northeast of Sr. Asia. 198.5 thousand km². Population 4526 thousand people (1993), urban 38%; Kyrgyz (2230 thousand people, 1989 census), Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, etc.... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan Dictionary of Russian synonyms. kyrgyzstan noun, number of synonyms: 3 kyrgyzstan (1) ... Synonym dictionary
- (Kyrgyz. Kyrgyzstan), Kyrgyz Republic, state in Central Asia. It borders with Kazakhstan in the north, China in the east and southeast, Tajikistan in the southwest and Uzbekistan in the west. From 1936 to 1991 the country was part of the USSR for... ... Collier's Encyclopedia
- (Kyrgyzstan), Republic of Kyrgyzstan (Respublikasa Kyrgyzstan), a state in the northeast of Central Asia. 198.5 thousand km2. Population 4526 thousand people (1993), urban 38%; Kyrgyz (2230 thousand people, 1989 census), Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Kyrgyzstan- Republic of Kyrgyzstan, state in Central Asia. Official The name of the state of Kyrgyzstan is from the self-name of the indigenous population of the Kyrgyz and Iranians. camp country, land. Russian tradition. form of Kyrgyzstan... Toponymic dictionary
KYRGYZSTAN- see: Kyrgyzstan... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Constitutional Law
KYRGYZSTAN- (Kyrgyzstan) General information The official name is the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz. Kyrgyz Republic, English: Kyrgyz Republic). Located in the northeast of Central Asia. Area 199.9 thousand km2, population 5.012 million people. (2002).… … Encyclopedia of countries of the world
KYRGYZSTAN- Republic of Kyrgyzstan, state in Asia. Pl. 198.5 thousand km2. Us. 4367 thousand people (1989). State language Kyrgyz. The capital is Bishkek (Russian name until 1925 Pishpek, until 1989 Frunze). In 1989 per 1000 people. 842 people were aged 15 years and older. from higher education And… … Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia
Books
- Traveling in a retro car: Pakistan – China – Kyrgyzstan, Andrey Alferov. The story of one traveler about his trip to exotic countries: Pakistan – China – Kyrgyzstan in a retro car... eBook
- Kyrgyzstan. Save the resident, Zverev S.I.. Contract sergeant Vladimir Lokis does not have simple business trips. This time he received the task of infiltrating through Kazakhstan into the territory of Kyrgyzstan and taking him from the Russian embassy to...
kyrgyzstan, kyrgyzstan map
Russian (official)
Prime Minister
Speaker
Jogorku Kenesh
Temir Sariev
Asilbek Jeenbekov
Total
% water surface
198,500 km²
3,6
Score (2014)
Density
▲5,776,570 people (110th)
29 people/km²
Total (2012)
Per capita
$18,001 billion (135th)
$2,409
Total (2012)
Per capita
$6.473 billion
$1,160
(KGS code 417)
Coordinates: 41°16′00″ N. w. 74°59′00″ E. d. / 41.26667° n. w. 74.98333° E. d. / 41.26667; 74.98333 (G) (O)
(officially Kyrgyz Republic, Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan) is a state located in the center of Eurasia, completely belonging to Asia. The President of the state is Almazbek Atambayev.
In terms of territory, it ranks eighty-sixth among the countries of the world (198,500 km²). Location: from the Fergana Valley in the west to the central part of the Tien Shan in the east, from Kazakhstan in the north to the northern part of the Pamirs in the south.
It borders in the north with Kazakhstan - 1113 km, in the east and southeast - with China - 1048 km, in the southwest - with Tajikistan - 972 km, in the west - with Uzbekistan - 1374 km. The total length of land borders is 4503 km. Kyrgyzstan is a country that does not have access to the World Ocean. administratively-territorially it is divided into 7 regions and 2 cities of republican significance.
- 1 Title
- 2 History
- 3 Geographic data
- 4 Administrative divisions
- 5 Political parties
- 6 State structure
- 7 Economics
- 7.1 Foreign trade
- 7.2 Russian participation in the Kyrgyz economy
- 7.3 Socio-economic situation of the population
- 7.4 Road network
- 8 Population
- 9 Religion in Kyrgyzstan
- 10 Russian science in Kyrgyzstan
- 11 Education
- 11.1 Universities
- 12 Culture
- 12.1 Theatres, Philharmonic societies, Cinemas
- 13 Public holidays
- 14 Armed Forces
- 15 Letter characters of license plates assigned to regions and departments of Kyrgyzstan
- 16 See also
- 17 Notes
- 18 Links
Name
In Kyrgyzstan itself, where the Russian language has official status, the name “Kyrgyzstan” or “Kyrgyz Republic” is commonly used. The same country name is used in the list of UN member states.
During the collapse of the USSR, simultaneously with the proclamation of sovereignty by the Soviet republics, one of which was the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic (Kyrgyz SSR), the republics began renaming the Russian names of countries and cities according to the phonetics of national languages. Thus, instead of the old Russian name of the country “Kyrgyzstan”, the name “Kyrgyzstan” (Kyrgyz: Kyrgyz Respublikasy) appeared.
In Russia, on August 17, 1995, Order No. 1495 of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation was issued, which approved a list of names of the former Soviet republics. In the order, this republic was listed under the name “Kyrgyz Republic” (long form), “Kyrgyzstan” (short form). This name is used in official documents of the Russian Foreign Ministry.
Story
Main article: History of KyrgyzstanGeographical data
Main article: Geography of Kyrgyzstan Gorky Peak in the Tien Shan Ala-Too Mountains Pasture near Sonkel LakeKyrgyzstan is landlocked. More than three quarters of the territory of Kyrgyzstan is occupied by mountains. Pobeda Peak, 7439 m high, is the highest point of the country (the northernmost seven-thousand-meter peak on Earth \from China, Pobeda Peak is called Mount Tomur).
The territory of Kyrgyzstan is located within two mountain systems. Its northeastern part, the largest in area, lies within the Tien Shan, the southwestern part - within the Pamir-Alai. The state borders of Kyrgyzstan run mainly along the ridges of mountain ranges. Only in the north, northwest and southwest, in the densely populated Chui, Talas and Fergana valleys, along the foothills of the mountains and foothill plains.
The entire territory of the republic lies above 401 m above sea level; more than half of it is located at altitudes from 1000 to 3000 m and about a third at altitudes from 3000 to 4000 m. Mountain ranges occupy about a quarter of the territory and extend in parallel chains mainly in the latitudinal direction. In the east, the main ridges of the Tien Shan come together in the area of the Meridional Ridge, creating a powerful mountain junction. Here (on the border with China and Kazakhstan) the peaks of Pobeda (7439 m) and Khan Tengri (6995 m) rise.
The most important orographic elements:
- Akshiyrak massif,
- Kakshaal-Too ridge (highest point - Dankov Peak, 5982 m),
- Terskey Ala-Too ridge,
- Kungoy-Ala-Too ridge,
- Kyrgyz ridge,
- Fergana ridge.
In the northeast, at an altitude of 1609 m above sea level, there is the sixth deepest lake in the world, which is one of the main attractions of Kyrgyzstan - the mountain lake Issyk-Kul, on the shores of which there are numerous boarding houses, sanatoriums and tourist centers. The lake is located in the Issyk-Kul basin, between the Terskey Ala-Too (from the south) and Kungoy-Ala-Too (from the north) ridges. Among the large lakes there are also Sonkel and Chatyr-Kul. 105 km east of Lake Issyk-Kul there is a mountain glacial lake called Merzbacher with icebergs floating on the surface, famous for the fact that in the summer, having reached a certain level, the water quickly disappears with noise.
The western part of Kyrgyzstan is located within the Western Tien Shan. Its most important orographic elements:
- Talas Valley,
- Talas Ala-Too ridge,
- Chatkal ridge.
In the southwest, Kyrgyzstan includes the northern, eastern and southern outskirts of the Fergana Basin with its foothills. In the south, Kyrgyzstan includes the northern slope of the Turkestan Range, the Alai Range, the Alai Valley and the northern slope of the Trans-Alai Range (Lenin Peak, 7134 m), which makes up the northern outskirts of the Pamirs.
Geographically, Kyrgyzstan is conventionally divided by mountain ranges and passes into the north (Talas, Chui, Issyk-Kul and Naryn regions) and the south (Batken, Osh and Jalal-Abad regions). The north and south are connected by the high-mountain highway Bishkek - Osh. the route along this road from north to south passes the tunnel under the Tyuz-Ashuu pass (3240 m above sea level, length 3 km), the Suusamyr valley, the Ala-Bel pass (3200 m), the protected area - the Chychkan gorge, the Toktogul reservoir, the Kek pass -Bel (2700 m) (with departure to the Fergana Valley).
Administrative division
Main article: Administrative-territorial division of KyrgyzstanAdministrative-territorial units are cities, districts, as well as aiyl aimaks (territorial entities consisting of one or more villages). Kyrgyzstan includes:
- 498 municipalities, of which:
- 2 urban districts,
- 7 regions,
- 40 municipal districts,
- 28 urban,
- 423 rural districts (aiyl okmotu).
| № | Flag | Region | Administrative center |
Square, km2 |
Population, people |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chui area | Bishkek | 20 200 | 814 900 | |
| 2 | Issyk-Kul region | Karakol | 43 100 | 444 500 | |
| 3 | Talas region | Talas | 11 400 | 231 800 | |
| 4 | Naryn region | Naryn | 45 200 | 262 100 | |
| 5 | Jalal-Abad region | Jalal-Abad | 33 700 | 1 036 700 | |
| 6 | Osh region | Osh city | 29 200 | 1 130 900 | |
| 7 | Batken region | Batken city | 16 995 | 441 100 |
Political parties
- Party of State Unity and Patriotism "Bir Bol"
- Political party Erkin Kyrgyzstan "ErK" ("Free Kyrgyzstan") - leader Tursunbai Bakir uulu
- Political party Ata-Jurt - leader Kamchybek Tashiev
- Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDPK) (Kyrgyzstan Social Democratic Party) - leader Almazbek Atambaev
- Political party Ar-Namys - leader Felix Kulov
- Political party Republic - leader Omurbek Babanov
- Ata-Meken - leader Omurbek Tekebaev
- Akyikat - leader Alikbek Dzhekshenkulov
- Political party Butun Kyrgyzstan - leader Adakhan Madumarov
- "White Falcon" ("Ak-Shumkar") - leader Temir Sariev
- Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan - leader Masaliev Iskhak Absamatovich
- Workers' Party of Kyrgyzstan - leader Parmankulov Zamirbek Kultayevich
- Political party Meken Yntymagy - leader Temirbek Asanbekov
- Political party Adilettuu Kyrgyzstan - leader Ashyrbekov Maksat
State structure
- The state structure of the Kyrgyz Republic is determined by the Constitution, which was adopted on June 27, 2010. The new Constitution defines the state form of government of Kyrgyzstan as a parliamentary republic. De jure, the Parliament and the Prime Minister have significantly more power and authority than the President; de facto, the government is parliamentary-presidential.
- The Parliament of the Republic - the Jogorku Kenesh (Kyrgyzstan: Jogorku Kenesh) - has priority in deciding and determining the most important decisions and policies of the state, is unicameral and consists of 120 deputies elected for a period of five years according to party lists.
- Elections for a new parliament under the new Constitution were held on October 10, 2010. The deputies of the previous convocation were dissolved on April 7, after the coup d'etat.
- The President is elected by popular vote for a term of 6 years, without the right to re-election for a second term. The same person cannot be elected President twice. The elections of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic took place on October 30, 2011. President Roza Otunbayeva resigned on December 1, 2011. Almazbek Atambaev was elected as the new President of the Kyrgyz Republic.
- The head of government, the prime minister, is appointed by parliament on the proposal of the majority parliamentary faction (deputies from the political party that received more than 50 percent of the mandates).
Economy
Main article: Economy of Kyrgyzstan The Dordoi market on the northern outskirts of Bishkek is one of the important centers of economic activity in the regionAdvantages: Autonomous agriculture. Since 2000, private land ownership. Export of gold (Kumtor mine) and mercury. Hydropower potential: Naryn cascade (Toktogul hydroelectric power station, with a capacity of 1200 MW, Kurpsai hydroelectric power station, with a capacity of 800 MW), Tashkumyr hydroelectric power station, Shamaldysay hydroelectric power station, Uch-Kurgan hydroelectric power station, Kambarata hydroelectric power station-1 and Kambarata hydroelectric power station-2 under construction. Uranium reserves and the availability of enrichment opportunities on the territory of the republic (Kara-Balta Mining Combine (KGRK) - the property of Renova) for use in nuclear power plants. Quite large reserves of antimony, the presence of rare earth metals. Availability of natural sites for tourism development (Issyk-Kul Lake, Dead Lake, Jety-Oguz Gorge, etc.).
Weak sides: corruption of government bodies. Economic recession after the collapse of the USSR.
In 2009, total nominal GDP reached about $4.68 billion, or about $1,000 per capita. GDP converted to purchasing power parity (PPP) is $11.66 billion (according to the CIA fact book). 48% of the workforce is engaged in agriculture and livestock raising.
At the end of 2008, Kyrgyzstan's external public debt reached $3.467 billion. During 1990-1996, the Kyrgyz economy almost halved, mainly due to the shutdown of the country's industrial enterprises after the collapse of the USSR, and as a result, a mass exodus of qualified, mostly Russian-speaking, engineers and workers. Industry produces only 15.9% of Kyrgyzstan's GDP. Approximately 40% of industrial production comes from gold mining - one of the few actively developing industries in the republic. 2003 Kyrgyzstan produced 22.5 tons of gold, taking third place in the CIS after Russia and Uzbekistan. However, since the beginning of the 2000s, the situation has stabilized and economic growth has begun.
In Kyrgyzstan, according to various estimates, more than 70% of state-owned enterprises have been privatized.
Other:
Controlling stakes in the holdings of the energy sector of Kyrgyzstan - Electric Stations OJSC and Kyrgyzneftegaz OJSC, as well as the main monopolies in various sectors of the economy (Kyrgyztelecom JSC, Kyrgyz Railways, Manas International Airport, etc.) are in state ownership.
A fairly significant injection into the republic’s economy is remittances from labor migrants and Kyrgyzstanis who have received citizenship of other countries. According to various estimates, these injections amount to up to $800 million a year.
At the very beginning of 2010, a protocol was signed with EximBank (China) on financing, within the framework of a credit line to the SCO member countries, the construction of a large substation “Datka” in the south of the republic and the construction of a 500 kV power line “Datka-Kemin”, which will connect the southern (where the main hydroelectric power stations) and northern (main consumption) regions of the country and will ensure the energy security of the republic. Negotiations are also underway on financing the reconstruction of the Bishkek Thermal Power Plant.
Negotiations continue on the construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan international railway, with subsequent access to European countries.
International trade
Exports - $3.380 billion (in 2011): cotton, electricity, wool, meat, tobacco; gold, mercury, uranium, antimony, clothing, shoes.
The main export buyers are Switzerland 27.2%, Russia 19.2%, Uzbekistan 14.3%, Kazakhstan 11.4%, France 6.7%.
Imports - $5.060 billion (in 2011): oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, food.
The main import suppliers are Russia 36.6%, China 17.9%, Kazakhstan 9.2%, Germany 8.2%.
Russian participation in the Kyrgyz economy
The largest projects in Kyrgyzstan are being carried out by JSC RusHydro (construction of the Upper Naryn cascade of hydroelectric power stations), JSC Inter RAO UES (construction of Kambarata HPP-1) and Gazprom (for a symbolic sum of 1 dollar, Gazprom was given control over a state-owned package the largest oil and gas company in the country, Kyrgyzneftegaz, which produced 68.6 thousand tons of oil and 28.3 million cubic meters of gas in 2004).
In order to pay off Kyrgyzstan's debts, Russia is seeking to obtain control over stakes in the defense corporation Dastan. Russia and Kyrgyzstan jointly manage the Kara-Balta mining plant, which mines and processes uranium ores, molybdenum, thorium, silver and gold.
Socio-economic situation of the population
Unemployment, according to official data, is 73.4 thousand people (3.5% of the economically active population).
In September 2011, the average salary was 8,300 soms (about 200 US dollars). The average life expectancy of the population was 70 years (66 years for men and 74 years for women).
Road network
The total length of highways in the country is 34,000 km, including 18,800 km of public roads maintained by the road divisions of the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Kyrgyz Republic and 15,200 km of roads in cities, villages, agricultural, industrial and other enterprises. The length of highways of international importance is 4200 km, state roads - 5700 km, local roads - 9000 km. Of these, the length of public roads with hard surfaces is 7,200 km, including 11 km with cement concrete pavement, 5,000 km with asphalt concrete pavement and 2,200 km with black gravel pavement. Gravel roads - 9950 km, dirt roads - 1600 km.
The total length of regional transport corridors of the Kyrgyz Republic is 2242 km, which includes 8 routes:
- Bishkek-Osh - 672 km;
- Bishkek-Kordai −16 km;
- Bishkek-Chaldybar (section Kara-Balta - Chaldybar) - 88 km;
- Bishkek-Naryn-Torugart - 539 km;
- Taraz-Talas-Suusamyr - 199 km;
- Osh-Sarytash-Irkeshtam - 258 km;
- Osh-Isfana - 362 km;
- Sarytash-Karamyk-border with the Republic of Tajikistan - 136 km.
Currently, the Osh-Bishkek and Osh-Sary-Tash-Irkeshtam corridors have been reconstructed, China Road Corporation is working on the reconstruction of the Bishkek-Naryn-Torugart highway, and work continues on the reconstruction of roads in the Bishkek-Talas-Taraz and Osh-Batken-Isfana directions. Work has begun on the construction of the second north-south highway Bishkek - Balykchy - Kazarman - Jalal-Abad
Population
See also: Osh events of 1990 and Unrest in the south of Kyrgyzstan (2010) Main article: Population of Kyrgyzstan Demographic curve of KyrgyzstanThe population of Kyrgyzstan is 5,776,570 people (January 2014). This is significantly more than lived in the country in 1959 (2.065 million), 1970 (2.935 million), 1979 (3.523 million), 1989 (4.258 million), 1999 (4.823 million). Until the 1960s, the population of the republic grew rapidly due to migration and natural growth, which was especially significant among rural Kyrgyz, Uzbeks and other Central Asian peoples.
Most of the population is concentrated in the foothill valleys - Chui (on the border with Kazakhstan) and Fergana (on the border with Uzbekistan), the valleys of Naryn and Talas, as well as in the Issyk-Kul basin.
The main population of the country - 4,193,850 people or 72.6% - are Kyrgyz. The Kyrgyz live throughout the country and predominate in most rural areas. In second place in number are Uzbeks - 836,065 people, who make up 14.5% of the population, concentrated in the southwest of the country in the areas bordering Uzbekistan. Russians - 369,939 people, make up 6.4%, concentrated mainly in cities and villages in the north of the republic. Dungans - 64,565, Uighurs - 52,456, Tajiks - 50,174, Turks - 40,953, Kazakhs - 33,701, Tatars - 28,059, Azerbaijanis - 18,946, Koreans - 16,807, Ukrainians - 14,485, Germans - 8,563.
| National composition | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kyrgyz | 72.6 % | |||
| Uzbeks | 14.5 % | |||
| Russians | 6.4 % | |||
| Dungans | 1.1 % | |||
| other | 5.4 % | |||
¹ Partially in Europe or completely in Asia, depending on the border drawn. ² Also in Africa. ³ Also in Oceania. 4 Also in Europe.
Membership in international organizations| CIS CIS (founded December 8, 1991) | |
|---|---|
| CIS members | Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Armenia Armenia Belarus Belarus Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Moldova Moldova Russia Russia Tajikistan Tajikistan Uzbekistan Uzbekistan |
| Associate members of the CIS | Turkmenistan Turkmenistan (has not ratified the CIS Charter) |
| Actual members of the CIS | Ukraine Ukraine (has not ratified the CIS Charter) |
| Observers in some CIS structures | Afghanistan Afghanistan Mongolia Mongolia |
| Former members | Georgia Georgia (December 3, 1993 - August 18, 2009) |
| CIS bodies | Council of Heads of State Council of Heads of Government Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs Council of Ministers of Defense Council of Ministers of Internal Affairs Council of the United Armed Forces Council of Commanders of Border Troops Council of Heads of Security Agencies and Special Services Economic Council Interparliamentary Assembly Economic Court Statistical Committee Financial and Banking Council Anti-Terrorism Center Commission on Human Rights Coordination -advisory committee Executive Committee Economic Committee Bank United Air Defense System United Armed Forces |
| Sport | Football team Ice hockey team Rugby team Ice hockey championship |
| Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO, SCO) | |
|---|---|
|
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan PRC PRC Russia Russia Tajikistan Tajikistan Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Observer states: Dialogue partners: Those who received invitations to the summits: Official languages: Russian Chinese |
| Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) | |
|---|---|
| Participants | Armenia Armenia Belarus Belarus Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Russia Tajikistan Tajikistan |
| Former members | Georgia Georgia (until 1999) Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (until 1999) Uzbekistan Uzbekistan (until 2012) |
| Observer states to the parliamentary assembly | Serbia Serbia Afghanistan Afghanistan |
| Military organizations | Collective Rapid Reaction Forces Peacekeeping Forces |
| Organization of Islamic Cooperation | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Azerbaijan | Albania | Algeria | Afghanistan | Bangladesh | Bahrain | Benin | Brunei | Burkina Faso | Gabon | Guyana | Gambia | Guinea | Guinea-Bissau | Djibouti | Egypt | Indonesia | Jordan | Iraq | Iran | Yemen | Kazakhstan | Cameroon | Qatar | | Comoros | Ivory Coast | Kuwait | Lebanon | Libya | Mauritania | Malaysia | Mali | Maldives | Morocco | Mozambique | Niger | Nigeria | UAE | Oman | Pakistan | Palestine | Saudi Arabia | Senegal | Syria | Somalia | Sudan | Suriname | Sierra Leone | Tajikistan | Togo | Tunisia | Turkmenistan | Türkiye | Uganda | Uzbekistan | Chad Observer states: Bosnia and Herzegovina | Central African Republic | Russia | Thailand Muslim organizations and communities - observers: Moro National Liberation Front | Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus International observer organizations: Economic Cooperation Organization | Organization of African Unity | Arab League | Non-Aligned Movement | UN |
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| Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) | |
|---|---|
|
Iran Iran Pakistan Pakistan Turkey Turkey Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Afghanistan Afghanistan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Uzbekistan |
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Kyrgyzstan Information About
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Kyrgyz Republic- a state in the northeast of Central Asia, mainly within the western and central parts of the Tien Shan. It borders on Kazakhstan in the north, Uzbekistan in the west, Tajikistan in the southwest, and China in the southeast and east.
The territory of Kyrgyzstan is located within two mountain systems. Its northeastern part, which is large in area, lies within the Tien Shan, the southwestern part - within the Pamir-Alai.
Airports of Kyrgyzstan
Bishkek Manas International Airport
Kyrgyzstan hotels 1 - 5 stars
Kyrgyzstan weather
Kyrgyzstan has a continental climate. The western and northern slopes of the mountains receive more precipitation. The amount of precipitation increases with altitude up to 5000 m. At higher altitudes, precipitation falls in the form of snow, and even in summer frosts are possible. The average annual precipitation on the northern slopes is about 750 mm, on the southwestern slopes of the Fergana Range - 950 mm, and on the northeastern slopes - 230 mm.
Average January temperatures range from –2° to –8° C in the valleys and from –8° to –20° C in the mid-altitude mountains. In the highlands, the average January temperature is about –28° C. In many regions of Kyrgyzstan, except for the highlands, there are often thaws in winter. Summer is hot and dry, with average July temperatures in the valleys +20–27°C, in the midlands +15–17°C, and in the highlands +5°C and below.
Language of Kyrgyzstan
Official language: Kyrgyz, Russian
The language of international communication is Russian. Uzbek, Kazakh and Tajik languages are common in the western and northern regions of the country. English is widely used in the tourism industry.
Currency of Kyrgyzstan
International name: KGS
Som is equal to 100 tiyn. There are banknotes in circulation in denominations of 1000, 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1 soy, as well as coins in 50, 10 and 1 tyiyn.
US dollars and euros are unofficially accepted for payment in hotels and when organizing trekking and alpine climbing. Russian rubles and currencies of neighboring Central Asian republics are accepted at the markets.
Currency can be exchanged at bank offices, currency exchange offices (usually open 24 hours a day) and in many shops. It is preferable to exchange currency in the capital - in the provinces the rate is slightly lower. When exchanging US dollars, it is recommended to have new banknotes on hand - the exchange rate for old ones is noticeably lower everywhere, even in government institutions.
Credit cards are accepted for payment in most banks and in some large hotels in Bishkek. Travel checks can be cashed at the offices of large banks, at licensed exchange offices and in some large stores in the capital, but the commissions are quite high (3-7%). It is almost impossible to use non-cash means of payment in the province.
Customs restrictions
There are no restrictions on the import and export of national and foreign currency (all money and jewelry must be declared). The declaration must be kept until departure from the country.
The following can be imported duty free: up to 1000 cigarettes or up to 1000 grams. tobacco products, up to 1.5 liters of strong alcoholic beverages and up to 2 liters of wine, a reasonable amount of perfume for personal use, other goods worth no more than $5,000.
It is prohibited to import drugs and potent medications (without a prescription confirming the need for their use), weapons and ammunition, printed materials and video materials directed against the political system of Kyrgyzstan, as well as animals, fruits and vegetables without the appropriate permission from the country's Sanitary and Veterinary Service. The export of certain food products, minerals and rocks without permission from the relevant authorities, gold (declared) and precious stones is prohibited.
Mains voltage
Tips
Tips, in cases where they are not included in the bill, are about 5-10% (large restaurants include them in the bill automatically). But in general, here, in accordance with the Islamic canons of hospitality, tipping is not accepted. Prices in stores are fixed and quite reasonable. You can and should bargain at bazaars and markets, but it is quite difficult to reduce the price by more than 30%.
Kitchen
Kyrgyz national cuisine is characterized by a variety of meat, dairy and flour dishes. Kyrgyz cuisine continues to maintain its national identity; the methods of preparing many dishes have not undergone significant changes, but new dishes, unfamiliar in the past, have appeared in cooking, and the food has become much more varied. Potatoes, vegetables, fruits, honey, sugar, confectionery, poultry, and eggs entered everyday use.
Purchases
Shops are usually open from 08.00 to 17.00; it is recommended to visit markets in the morning, the earlier the better. In most retail outlets in the country, prices are strictly fixed, but in bazaars and private stores it is customary to bargain.
All goods and services are subject to 20% VAT (usually already included in the price). VAT refund is practically impossible.
Office hours
Banks are open from 9.00-9.30 to 17.00-17.30 from Monday to Friday, closed on Saturday and Sunday.
Code of the country: +996
Geographic first level domain name:.kg
Medicine
Prophylaxis against typhoid, cholera, polio, hepatitis B and E, and rabies is recommended. Occasionally, outbreaks of anthrax are recorded in the southern regions. An HIV test certificate is required to stay in the country for more than one month.
Emergency numbers
Police - 102.
Fire - 101.
Emergency medical care - 103.
Rescue service - 443-839, 110 or 161.